Rust by Example

There are three types of structures ("structs") that can be created using the struct keyword:

• Tuple structs, which are, basically, named tuples.

• The classic C structs

• Unit structs, which are field-less, are useful for generics.

#[derive(Debug)]

struct Person {

name: String,

age: u8,

}

// A unit struct

struct Unit;

// A tuple struct

struct Pair(i32, f32);

// A struct with two fields

struct Point {

x: f32,

y: f32,

}

// Structs can be reused as fields of another struct

#[allow(dead_code)]

struct Rectangle {

// A rectangle can be specified by where the top left and bottom right

// corners are in space.

top_left: Point,

bottom_right: Point,

}

fn main() {

// Create struct with field init shorthand

let name = String::from("Peter");

let age = 27;

let peter = Person { name, age };

// Print debug struct

println!("{:?}", peter);

// Instantiate a `Point`

let point: Point = Point { x: 10.3, y: 0.4 };

// Access the fields of the point

println!("point coordinates: ({}, {})", point.x, point.y);

// Make a new point by using struct update syntax to use the fields of our

// other one

let bottom_right = Point { x: 5.2, ..point };

// `bottom_right.y` will be the same as `point.y` because we used that field

// from `point`

println!("second point: ({}, {})", bottom_right.x, bottom_right.y);

// Destructure the point using a `let` binding

let Point { x: top_edge, y: left_edge } = point;

let _rectangle = Rectangle {

// struct instantiation is an expression too

top_left: Point { x: left_edge, y: top_edge },

bottom_right: bottom_right,

};

// Instantiate a unit struct

let _unit = Unit;

// Instantiate a tuple struct

let pair = Pair(1, 0.1);

// Access the fields of a tuple struct

println!("pair contains {:?} and {:?}", pair.0, pair.1);

// Destructure a tuple struct

let Pair(integer, decimal) = pair;

println!("pair contains {:?} and {:?}", integer, decimal);

}

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