1001-Ideas-That-Changed-the-Way-We-Think - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Robert Arp (ч. 12)

Benjamin, Walter The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 700

Bentham, Jeremy 438–9

Beowulf 285

Berengarius of Tours 289

Berger, John Ways of Seeing 842

Bergson, Henri Laughter 609

Berkeley, George 192, 394

Berlin, Isaiah Two Concepts of Liberty 777

Bernal, Martin Black Athena: the Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization 887

Bernard, Pierre Arnold 624

Berners-Lee, Tim 893, 903

Bernstein, Leonard 326

Bezos, Jeffrey P. 904

Bible 56, 59, 67, 79, 111, 112, 595

biblical canonical criticism 833

biblical form criticism 655

biblical narrative criticism 875

biblical psychological criticism 506

biblical redaction criticism 426

biblical rhetorical criticism 824

biblical socio-scientific criticism 621

biblical source criticism 412

biblical textual criticism 392

Book of Revelation 99

canonization of the Bible 261

feminist biblical exegesis 377

Midrash 256

postmodern biblical criticism 644

Big Bang theory 217, 676, 930

Big Brother 733

Big Crunch theory 930

binary code 728

binding problem 577

Bing, Siegfried 589

biobanks 937

biological warfare 135

birth control 93

Bismarck, Otto von 559

black holes 433

Black Power 810

Blavatsky, Helena 112, 300

The Secret Doctrine 571

blogging 918

bloodletting 252

Bloom, Saul 54

Bloom’s Taxonomy 765

blues music 638

Boas, Antonio 773

Boas, Franz 574

Boethius 258

Consolation of Philosophy 59, 76, 146

Bohr, Niels 670

Bolyai, János 229

Bombelli, Rafael 334

Bonomo, Tico 737

Borel, Émile 643

Bouchon, Basile 400

Bowen, Murray 762

Boyle, Robert 167, 368, 441

Bradley, F. H. 159, 627

Bradwardine, Thomas 170

Brahmagupta 97

braille 462

Braithwaite, John Crime, Shame, and Reintegration 892

Braque, George 631

breakdancing 837

Brentano, Franz 563

Brest, Paul 871

Breton, André 656

Breuil, Henri 33

Britten, Benjamin 326

Brookes, William Penny 496

Brunelleschi 168

Bruno, Giordano 336

Buddhism 59, 85, 86, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 112

arhat 148

bodhisattva 235

Four Noble Truths 146

influence of Daoism 136

influence of Zoroastrianism 109

nirvana 103, 107, 145, 146

Zen 275, 295

Buffet, Warren 935

Burckhardt, Jacob 517

Buridan, John 210

Burke, Edmund Reflections on the Revolution in France 444

bushidõ 280

Butler, Robert Neil 830

butterfly effect 825

Byron, Lord George Manfred 141

Cage, John 744, 755

calculus 152

calendars 58

Caligula 94

Calvinism 328

Cambridge Cable Network 903

Camus, Albert The Myth of Sisyphus 709

Cann, Rebecca 887

cannibalism 22

Cantor, Georg 133, 542

Capek, Karel 663

capoeira 330

Carlsson, Arvid 879

Carmichael, Stokely 810

Carnot, Nicolas Léonard Sadi 467

Carpentier, Alejo 734

carpooling 710

Carrel, Alexis 615

Carson, Rachel Silent Spring 789

Carter, Brandon 845

cartoons 484

caste system, India 103, 104, 107

casuistry 173

catastrophism 79

categorical logic 207

causation 205, 305

Cayce, Edgar 112

Cayley, Arthur 229

Cayley, George 457, 485

CCTV for crime prevention 849

cell phones 881, 932

cells 370, 856

cell theory 479

Cervantes, Miguel de Don Quixote 344

chakras 107

Chalmers, David The Conscious Mind 911

chance favors the prepared mind 501

chaos theory 794

Charles I 94

Chaucer, Geoffrey 285

Chekhov, Anton 140

chemical elements 441

chemical substance 368

chemotherapy 727

Cherbury, Lord Herbert 353

Chesterton, G. K. 632

chicken and egg conundrum 200

child development 668

child-centered child rearing 718

Childress, James F. Principles of Biomedical Ethics 870

Childs, Brevard 833

Chinese room argument 872

Chisholm, Roderick 227

Chomsky, Noam 532, 766, 772

Choron, Alexandre-Étienne 459

Christianity 56, 59, 65, 85, 86, 97, 99, 100, 109, 112, 121, 157, 214, 255, 261

Christian fundamentalism 595

Christian universalism 258

consubstantiation 289

Crusades 221

Easter 246

Free Rein Defense (FRD) 248

grace 239

Holy Trinity 253

Messiah 116

millenialism 119

missions 84

modern Christian apologetics 632

original sin 251

plainchant 240

Protestantism 126, 260, 261, 323, 324, 326, 328

Roman Catholicism 96, 126, 159, 352, 505, 536, 549

Roman Empire 155

scapegoat 117

Second Coming 239

Ten Commandments 122

three theological virtues 241

transubstantiation 283

Christmas 259, 260

Chrysippus 207, 231

Church of England 326

Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster 933

Cicé, Jérôme Champion de 441

Cicero 166, 263

civil disobedience 495

Clark, John Bates 569

Classicism 168

Clausius, Rudolf 467, 505

Cleisthenes 151

Climacus, John The Ladder of Divine Ascent 273

clock, mechanical 306

cloning 915

clothing 24

dyeing cloth 44

ready-made clothing 474

Codd, Edgar F. 830

codependency 835

coffeehouses 319

cognitive fluidity 914

cognitivism 766

coherence theory of truth 627

colonialism 84

Columbus, Christopher 59

comedy 149

Comenius, John Amos Orbis Pictus 367

Communism 492

comparative psychology 538

compatibilism 412

Comte, Auguste 461, 470

Confucianism 136, 778, 813

Confucian virtues 152

connectionism 597

conspicuous consumption 600

Constantine I 221

constructivism 617

constructivist epistemology 820

consubstantiation 289

consumerism 605

contact lens 355

contactless smart card 917

continental drift 337

conventionalism 171

Cooper, David Psychiatry and Anti-Psychiatry 819

Copenhagen Interpretation 670

Copernicus, Nicolaus 159, 184, 328, 430

Corneille, Pierre 140, 141

correspondence theory of truth 616

cosmetics 521

cosmopolis 215

Coué, Émile 661

counterculture 827

counterfactuals 721

country music 658

Cournot, Antoine 478

courtly love 288

Craigslist 908

Cranach, Lucas, the Elder 324

creatio ex nihilo 249

creation myths 49, 167

credit cards 741

Creighton, Bishop Mandell 190

cremation 65

Crick, Francis 370, 756, 855

crowd psychology 591

Crutzen, Paul J. 924

cryonics and cryogenics 804

cryptozoology 765

Cubism 631

Cullen, William 414

cultural hegemony 672

cultural relativism 574

Curie, Pierre and Marie 599

Cuvier, Georges 79

cybernetics 726

cynicism 176

da Vinci, Leonardo 156, 168, 180, 271, 485, 516

Dadaism 645

Dalberg-Acton, Sir John 190

Dalton, John 177, 368, 817

dance 334, 337, 575, 685, 837, 922

dandyism 443

Danto, Arthur 799

Daoism 31, 67, 136

wu wei 136, 139

Yijing (I Ching) 82, 126

ju 138

dark energy 918, 930

dark matter 690

dark night sky paradox 464

Darwin, Charles 184, 200, 214, 449, 458, 518, 532, 538, 549, 561, 798, 875, 910

Darwinism 517

last universal ancestor 512

natural selection 511

sexual selection 515

see also Darwin, Charles

existential nihilism 170, 248, 703, 709

exorcism 96, 159

expanding circle 871

Expressionism in art 577

Expressionism in music 631

eyeglasses 302

Eysenck, Hans 177

fables 134

Fairtrade 888

Faisal II of Iraq 94

fallacy 210, 214

False Tidal Theory 349

falsifiability 691

family therapy 762

Fanon, Frantz The Wretched of the Earth 783

Faraday, Michael 476, 477

Farber, Sidney 727

Farnsworth, Philo Taylor 672

Fascism 593

fatalism 163

Feist, Wolfgang 889

feminism 442

feminist biblical exegesis 377

feng shui 60

Fermat’s Last Theorem 359, 486

Fermi, Enrico 693, 784

Fermi paradox 743

feudalism 280

Feuerbach, Ludwig 500

Feyerabend, Paul Explanation, Reduction, and Empiricism 787

Feynman diagrams 725

Fibonacci numbers 298

fideism 255

fire, human control of 22

Fisher, Irving 637

flash mob 930

flat Earth myth 59

Fleming, Alexander 678

flight 271

commercial air travel 485

commercial space flight 940

heavier-than-air-flight 457

flood myths 79, 786

Flood, Merrill 743

Flynn effect 886

Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de 129

food, preserving 39

artificial preservation of food 414

pasteurization 523

form follows function 595

Formalism in art 194

Foucault, Michel 438

Madness and Civilization 781

Fountain of Youth 163

four causes 212

four elements 130, 133, 167

all is water 130

fifth element 199

Four Noble Truths 146

Fourier, Joseph 465

Fox, George 363

fractals 858

frame problem 829

Frankfurt, Harry 227

Franklin, Benjamin 302, 321, 353

Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor 182

Free Rein Defense (FRD) 248

Free Will Defense 267

Freecycle Network (TFN) 932

freedom of speech 149

freedom to choose otherwise 227

Freemasonry 399

Frege, Gottlob 207, 231, 551, 553, 584, 649

French Revolution 100, 441, 444, 446

Freud, Sigmund 579, 602, 664

Freudian slip 579

Oedipus complex 636

Friedan, Betty The Feminist Mystique 794

Friedmann, Theodore 841

friendship 208

Fujiwara no Shunzei 293

Fukuyama, Francis 99

The End of History 895

functionalism 809

Futurism 633

Gabor, Dennis 730

Gaia hypothesis 840

Galen 71, 177, 251, 252

Galileo Galilei 159, 184, 232, 328, 347, 356

False Tidal Theory 349

laws of falling bodies 343, 383

Gall, Franz Joseph 455

Galton, Francis 532, 549, 561

Gambler’s Fallacy 450

game theory 713

Gandhi, Mahatma 103, 495

satyagraha 627

Gardner, Gerald 761

Gardner, Howard Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences 881

Gardner, John P. 906

Garns, Howard 868

Garrow, William 444

Garvey, Marcus 685

Gauss, Carl Friedrich 229, 402, 477

Gell-Mann, Murray 854

gene therapy 841

generalization 214

generational attitudes 898

generative grammar 772

genetic determinism 560

genetic engineering 855

genetically modified (GM) food 884

geocentrism 196, 206

geological deep time 436

germ theory of disease 469

Gestalt psychology 640

Gettier, Edmund 189

Gettier problems 793

Gettysburg Address 520

Ghost Dance 575

ghosts 49

Gide, André 644

Gilbert, William 340

Glashow, Sheldon 817, 854

Global Positioning System (GPS) 851

global village 797

GloFish 921

Gnosticism 109, 246, 267

God, all-powerful 119, 127, 171, 174, 248, 249, 305, 373, 390, 456

death of God 559

ontological argument for God 292

paradox of omnipotence 270

Gödel, Kurt 687

Godwin’s Law 897

golden ratio 156, 168

Gompertz, Lewis 467

Gonesius, Peter 331

Gong Zhiyuan 921

Goodman, Nelson 721

Gore, Tipper 895

Gorgias 170

Gothic ideal 168, 290

Gouges, Olympe de 442

Gould, Stephen Jay 844

grace 239

gradualism 449

Gramsci, Antonio 672

grandfather paradox 712

graph theory 403

gratuitous act 644

gravity 206, 343, 383

Gray, Henry Anatomy 508

Gray, Thomas Elegy in a Country Churchyard 236

Great Chain of Being 189

Greenberg, Clement 194

Greene, Brian 146

greenhouse effect 465

Gregory XV, Pope 352

grief, five stages of 827

Grinder, John 861

Grodzins, Morton 770

Gropius, Walter 655

gross national happiness 843

Gross, David 846

Grossteste, Bishop Richard 300

Grotius, Hugo 344

groupthink 755

Gruber, Tom 899

guideline daily amounts (GDAs) 920

guilds 287

gunpowder 285

Gutenberg, Johannes 235, 311

Gutiérrez, Gustavo A Theology of Liberation 839

Guttman, Ludwig 752

gymnastics 55

Habermas, Jürgen The Theory of Communicative Action 877

Haeckel, Ernst 529

Hagerman, Richard 912

Hahnemann, Samuel 450

Halloween 126

Hamann, Johann Georg 411

Hamilton, William Rowan 486

Hamilton’s Rule 798

Hammurabi, Code of 43, 81, 86, 89, 93

hand-washing in hospitals 491

Handel, George Frideric 341

Handicap Principle 860

Hannibal 135

happenings 770

Hardin, Garrett 853

Hardy, Thomas Jude the Obscure 141

Harrington, Michael 850

Hathaway, Starke 704

Hawking, Stephen 648, 934

Haydn, Joseph 411

Hayek, Friedrich von The Road to Serfdom 714

Hayes, Patrick 829

Hays Code 682

healthcare, universal 559

Healy, Alice F. 864

Heaven and Hell 56

hedonism 136

Hedonistic Paradox 543

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 129, 151, 492

Hegelianism 473

Heidegger, Martin 675

Heisenberg, Werner 676

heliocentrism 196, 328

hell is other people 714

Hellenism 217

Henderson, Bobby 933

Henry VIII 326, 537

Henson, William 485

Heraclitus 151

Herodotus 163, 164

heroes 120

Heron of Alexandria 61, 334, 397

Herophilus 71

Hertog, Thomas 934

Hesiod 124, 129, 170

Heuvelmans, Bernard 765

Hick, John 157

Hicks, Angie 906

hierarchy of needs 713

Higgs, Peter 801

Hilbert, David 222

Hilbert’s axioms 605

Hinduism 49, 50, 59, 67, 73, 86, 97, 99, 107, 109, 112, 145

avatars 114

Vedas 100, 103, 104, 105, 108

vegetarianism 123, 144

Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 234

Yoga Vasistha 228

Hipparchus 232

Hippocrates 177

Hippocratic Oath 179, 182

history 164

end of history 895

historian’s fallacy 555

stages of history 400

Hitchcock, Alfred 856

Hitler, Adolf 535, 897

Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan 365, 416, 837

Holocaust 535, 697, 897

holography 730

Holst, Gustav 326

Holy Grail 295

Holy Trinity 253

Homans, George 783

homeopathy 450

Homer 49, 59, 120, 129, 170

homophony 314

homunculus 201, 211

Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) 917

Hooke, Robert 370, 374, 479

Horace 175

Howe, Neil Generations 898

Hubbard, L. Ron 112, 751

Hubble, Edwin 676, 918

Hubble’s Law 674

Hudson, George Vernon 589

human sacrifice 46

Hume, David 227, 257, 321, 361, 384, 388, 408, 412

is/ought fallacy 403

humorism 177

Husserl, Edmund 609

Hutton, James 436, 449

Huxley, Aldous 323, 761

Huxley, Thomas 100, 517, 543

Huygens, Christiaan 379

hylomorphism 208

Hymn to Ninkasi 43

hypotheses 199

I know that I do not know 165

I think, therefore I am 361

Ibsen, Henrik 140

Ichazo, Oscar 744

iconoclasm 278

id, ego, and superego 664

idealism 192

identity of indiscernibles 381

identity theft 801

illusionism 490

Immaculate Conception 505

immortality 80

impossible object 694

Impressionism in art 541

Impressionism in music 558

incarnation 85

incompleteness theorem 687

indeterminism 205

industrial design 516

inferiority complex 658

infinite monkey theorem 643

infinitesimal calculus 380

infinity 133, 152

infinity of inhabited worlds 336

inflation 473

infomercials 737

information theory 728

infotainment 855

inheritance 81

innatism 154, 166

insurance, AD&D 497

intellect and will 267

intellectual property 154

intentional fallacy 718

intentionality 563

Internet 140, 893

blogging 918

RSA algorithm 864

social networking services 867

virtual workplaces 925

invisible hand 425

Irenaeus 248, 249, 251

is/ought fallacy 403

Islam 36, 62, 65, 85, 86, 94, 99, 109, 112, 157, 214

Deobandi 408

Five Pillars of Islam 275

Islamic State 276

jihad 273

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 722

isolationism 362

Jackson, Andrew 473

Jaenisch, Rudolf 855

Jainism 59, 103, 104, 107, 123, 148

James I and VI 338

James, William 91, 255, 471, 550, 552, 577, 590, 601

Jaspers, Karl 640

Jastrow, Joseph 603

jazz music 635

Jefferson, Thomas 321, 338, 353, 425, 455, 688

Jenner, Edward 286

jewelry 28

Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan 843

jihad 273

Joachim, H. H. 627

Johnson, Samuel A Dictionary of the English Language 75, 319

Johnston, Ben 143

Jones, William 394

Jonson, Ben 140, 177

ju 138

Judaism 65, 85, 86, 99, 109, 111, 112, 157, 221

Kabbalah 306

Messiah 116

Passover 99, 121

Ten Commandments 122

Judgment Day 65

Jung, Carl 126, 255, 791

archetypes 652

just war 263

justified true belief 189

Juvenal 175

juvenile courts 599

Kabbalah 306

Kaku, Ryuzaburo 886

Kama Sutra 264

Kant, Immanuel 136, 174, 176, 177, 195, 196, 219, 227, 361, 408, 430–1

enlightenment 432

first and second categorical imperatives 435

Kant’s Copernican turn 430

Third Critique 443

Kao Yang, Emperor of China 271

Kaprow, Allan 770

karma 103, 104, 107, 148

Keats, John 285

Kelling, George 613

Kelvin, Lord, William Thompson 340, 467

Kepler, Johannes 159, 302, 349

Kevorkian, Jack 179

Keynesian economics 695

Kierkegaard, Søren 170, 255, 488

Kilvington, Richard 170

kin selection 798

kinetosocope 582

King, Martin Luther 495, 627, 762

Kinsey Reports 725

knot theory 477

knowledge by description/knowledge by acquaintance 639

knowledge is power 365

kõan 275

Krafft-Ebbing, Richard von 567

Kripke, Saul Naming and Necessity 872

krumping 922

Ktesibios of Alexandria 61

Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth On Death and Dying 827

Kuhn, Thomas 788

Kwanzaa 810

kyõsei 886

La Fontaine, Jean de Fables 134

La Mettrie, Julien Offray de L’homme machine 405

Lamarckian evolution 458

Lamartine, Alphonse de 190

Langland, William 297

language, universal 238

Laozi 136, 138, 139

laparoscopic surgery 613

Laplace, Pierre-Simon 450

lateral thinking 821

Latin square 431

LaVey, Anton 297, 808

Lavoisier, Antoine 368, 373, 441

law of noncontradiction 205

laws 186

international laws 344

Le Bon, Gustave 591

Le Corbusier, Charles-Édouard The Radiant City 699

leap of faith 488

Lee, Bruce 136, 138

Leech, John 484

Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van 370, 374, 469, 479

Lefebvre, Henri Critique of Everyday Life 722

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von 126, 133, 161, 227, 238, 353, 374, 390, 395, 397, 408, 553

identity of indiscernibles 381

infinitesmal calculus 380

Leigh, Richard The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail 878

leisure 52

Lemaître, Georges 674, 676

Leninism 617

Leo XIII, Pope 581

Leucippus 160, 181, 205

Levallois technique 27

Lewis, Clarence 650

Lewis, David 809

LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) 891

Liar’s Paradox 205, 212

liberalism 388

liberating violence 783

liberation theology 839

libraries, public 316

lifeboat Earth 853

light 527

Lima, Pedro Almeida 696

limited liability corporation (Ltd.) 507

limits to growth 845

Lincoln, Abraham 520, 688

Lincoln, Henry The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail 878

Linde, Andrei 930

Lindemann, Ferdinand 224

linguistic turn 816

Listing, Johann Benedict 492

Liszt, Franz 498

literature 73, 236, 367, 734

Gothic 290

Romanticism 411

loans 86

Lobachevsky, Nikolay Ivanovich 229

lobotomy 696

Locke, John 154, 221, 321, 338, 361, 384–8, 425

logarithms 348, 353

London, Bernard 689

Lope de Vega, Félix Arturo 149

Lorenz, Edward 794, 825

Lovelock, James 840

Lucretius 160, 227

Luther, Martin 126, 261, 289, 323, 324, 326, 328, 455

Lyell, Charles 436, 518, 875

Lyotard, Jean-François 868

Ma’at 67

Macchiavelli, Niccolò The Prince 179, 321

Mach, Ernst 210

machines, simple 44

magazines 368

magical realism 734

Magna Carta 298, 300

Malagasy Company 934

male gaze 856

Malthus, Thomas An Essay on the Principle of Population 453, 524

man as machine 405

man is the measure of all things 169

Mandelbrot, Benoit 858

Manetho 221

Manhattan Project 710

Manichaeism 109, 257, 267

manifest destiny 489

Mannerism 325

mantras 108

many worlds theory 775

Mao Zedong 534

Cultural Revolution 813

Great Leap Forward 778

People’s War 703

The Little Red Book 797

maps 74

Marcuse, Herbert 804

marginal revenue productivity 569

Marinetti, Filippo 633

Marlowe, Christopher 140, 141

Marr, Wilhelm 221

marriages, arranged 53

Mars, colonization of 912

martial arts 136, 138, 139, 280

capoeira 330

Marx, Karl 99, 192, 461, 481, 492, 580

Communism 492

dictatorship of the proletariat 545

Mary, Queen of Scots 94

Maslow, Abraham 713

masochism 567

masters of nature 359

materialism 50, 181

mathematics 68

Bayes’ Theorem 417

birthday problem 704

equals sign 332

Euler’s number (e) 402

Fermat’s Last Theorem 359, 486

Fibonacci numbers 298

fifth (parallel) postulate 229

fixed-point theorem 668

fractals 858

graph theory 403

imaginary numbers 334

infinity 133

Latin square 431

logarithms 348

mathematical function 374

mathematical proof 223

matrices 229

Pascal’s triangle 366

perfect numbers 245

pi 394

prime numbers 223

Pythagorean theorem 142, 154, 166

rational/irrational numbers 152

Riemann Hypothesis 513

ring theory 486

set theory 542

trigonometry 232

vector spaces 573

well-formed formula (WFF) 680

zero 97, 161

matrix 229

Maxwell, James Clerk 527–8

Maxwell’s Demon 530

Mayer, Catherine 937

McCarthy, John 829

McDonaldization 900

McKinley, John 704

McLuhan, Marshall 797

McNamara, Frank 741

McTaggart, John 159

Meadows, D.H. and D. L. The Limits to Growth 845

mechanical programmability 400

medicine

bloodletting 252

humorism 177

vaccination 286

meditation 105

mediumship 33

megalithic monuments 56

memento mori 236

memes 862

Menander 149

Mendel, Gregor 458

Mendelian inheritance 525

Mendeleev, Dmitri 368, 533

Menninger, William 717

mental asylums 301

meritocracy 778

Mersenne, Marin 245

Merton, Robert K. 730, 736

Mesmer, Franz Anton 421

Messiah 116

metanoia 255

metrosexuality 900

Michelangelo 168, 177

Michell, John 433

microbiology 374

Midrash 256

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig 807

might makes right 491

Milgram, Stanley 816

Milgram experiments 784

military-industrial complex 786

Mill, John Stuart 439, 487

On Liberty 511

millenialism 119

Miller, Arthur 141

Miller, Elizabeth Smith 499

Miller, Stanler 752

Millett, Kate Sexual Politics 833

Milton, John 338

mind-brain identity theory 766

mind/body problem 358

minimum wage 586

Minsky, Marvin 766

miracles 50

no-miracles argument 860

Mirandola, Giovanni Pico della Oration on the Dignity of Man 317

missing letter effect 864

missing link 518

Mithen, Steve The Prehistory of the Mind 914

mitochondrial Eve 887

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) 704

Möbius, Augustus 492

modal logic 650

Moivre, Abraham de 402

Molière, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin 140

monadology 397

monetarism 637

money 38

Moniz, António 696

monotheism 119

Montaigne, Michel de 221

Montesquieu, Charles-Louis 407

Montessori, Maria 596

Moody, Raymond Life After Life 859

Moore, G. E. 616

moral absolutism 196

moral relativism 170, 171, 196

More, Sir Thomas 320, 323

Morel, Benedict 500

Morganstern, Oskar 713

Mormonism 119, 468

Morris, Henry M. The Genesis Flood 786

Morris, William News from Nowhere 580

Mosca, Gaetano 593

motion as the natural state of things 382

motion pictures 476

Motorola Corporation 881, 884

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 411

Muilenburg, James 824

multiple intelligences 881

multiverse 590

Mulvey, Laura 856

Munchausen syndrome 748

music

absolute music 459

atonality 629

Baroque 341

blues 638

classical 411

country 658

equal temperament (ET) 207

Expressionism 631

homophony 314

Impressionism 558

jazz 635

music of the spheres 146

musical indeterminacy 744

plainchant 240

polyphony 286

pop 740

postmodern music 834

program music 498

Pythagorean tuning 143, 207

rap 867

reggae 819

Renaissance music 314

rhythm and blues 736

rock ’n’ roll 751

Romanticism 411

sound collage 740

swing 686

tonality 459

Muslims see Islam

Muths, Johann Friedrich Guts 55

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 791

mystical experience 91

Nagel, Thomas What Is It Like to Be a Bat? 853

Nambu, Yoichiro 828

Napier, John 348, 353

national nativism 481

nationalism 422

naturalism 50, 130, 350

naturalistic dualism 911

nature abhors a vacuum 215

nature of personal identity 388

nature versus nurture 532

near-death experiences (NDEs) 859

neocatastrophism 875

Neoclassicism 417

neoconservatism 850

neoliberalism 690

neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) 861

New Age 780

Newcomen, Thomas 397

Newman, Craig 908

news sheets 235

Newton, Sir Isaac 133, 167, 181, 184, 199, 206, 221, 227, 343, 347, 860

alchemy 224

gravity 383

infinitesimal calculus 380

light 379

motion as the natural state of things 382

Newton’s color wheel 393

Nichomachus 245

Nielsen, Holger Bech 828

Niépce, Joseph-Nicéphore 463

Nietzsche, Friedrich 151, 170, 217, 471, 559, 564

master morality and slave morality 570

The Birth of Tragedy 537

what does not kill you makes you stronger 572

nihilism 170

nirvana 103, 107, 145, 146

Nobel Prize 592

nothingness 161

nuclear fusion 662

nudism 618

numerology 68

nunchi 308

Nussbaum, Martha 176

O’Neill, Eugene 141

Objectivism 768

obsolescence, planned 689

Occam’s razor 210

Occupy movement 938

Oesterle, Bill 906

Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm 464

Olympians, Twelve 125

Olympic Games

ancient 129

modern 496

Paralympic Games 752

Omidyar, Pierre 907

ontology in information science 899

Oort, Jan Hendrik 690

Opdyke, George 474

opera 338

optimism 395

oracles 82

organ transplantation 615

orgone energy 693

Origen 258

original position 837

original sin 251

against original sin 264

originalism 871

Ortelius, Abraham 337

Orwell, George

Animal Farm 31, 134

Nineteen Eighty-Four 323, 733

oscillating universe 686

Oughtred, William 353, 394

outer space 160

outsourcing 892

Ovid 179, 338

Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernández de 163

pacifism 613

Paine, Thomas 353, 444

Age of Reason 446

Paley, William 456

panopticon 438

pantheism 378

Paolozzi, Eduardo 721

papal infallibility 536

Paracelsus 211

paradigm shift 788

parallelism 390

Paralympic Games 752

parental advisory labels (PALs) 895

Pareto efficiency 628

Parkinson, Bradford 851

Parks, Rosa 762

Parmenides of Elea 159, 161, 171

particle physics

Higgs boson 801

Standard Model 854

strong force 846

subatomic particles 544

Pascal, Blaise 255, 279

Pascal’s triangle 366

Pascal’s Wager 373

passive housing 889

passive-aggressive behavior 717

Passover 99, 121

Pasteur, Louis 201, 286, 469, 501

pasteurization 523

Patton, George S. 112

Pavlov, Ivan 643

Pavlov’s Dog 614

Peano, Giuseppe 573

peer pressure 747

Peirce, Charles Sanders 515, 538, 550

Perelman, Grigori 620

perfect numbers 245

perfection 202

performance art 755, 770

perfume 66

Peri, Jacopo 338

periodic table of the elements 368, 533

permanent revolution 624

perpetual motion 279

perspective 180

linear perspective in painting 310

pessimism 461

phenomenology 609

Philip of Opus 184

philosopher king 187

philosophy 76, 130, 170–1

cynicism 176

end justifies the means 179

epistemological turn 355

eternal flux 151

eternal stasis 159

hedonism 136

man is the measure of all things 169

philosophical realism 185

skepticism 221

to be is to be perceived 394

phlogiston theory 373

phonograph 547

photography 463, 549

phrenology 455

physician-assisted suicide 179

physics 146, 205

pi 394

Pi Sheng 311

Piaget, Jean 668, 820

Picasso, Pablo 33, 631

pictograms 62

Pilâtre, Jean-François 271

Pilz, Reiner 905

Pitt, William, the Elder 190

Pizan, Christine de Book of the City of Ladies 308

Place, U. T. 766

plainchant 240

Planck’s Law 611

Plantinga, Alvin 267, 292, 823

Plateau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand 476

Plato 31, 76, 79, 112, 146, 151, 159, 165, 166, 169, 181, 184–5, 196, 208, 215, 219, 293, 323

absolute power corrupts absolutely 190

allegory of the cave 192

compulsory education 191

elements 199

formalism in art 194

Great Chain of Being 189

justified true belief 189

moral absolutism 196

obeying laws 186

philosopher king 187

Plato’s academy 182

platonic love 194

space 195

Third Man Problem 201

Plautus 149

Pliny the Elder 243

poetry 76

metaphysical poetry 342

Poincaré Conjecture 620

Pointillism 563

political correctness 781

Politzer, David 846

Polo, Marco 271

polygamy 86

Polykleitos Canon of Proportion 168

polyphony 286

Ponce de León, Juan 163

Ponzi schemes 653

Pop art 721

pop music 740

Popper, Karl 187, 202, 473, 691

population growth 43, 93, 453, 912

Porphyrian tree 258

positivism 192, 470

Post, Emily Etiquette 669

postmodern music 834

postmodernism 868

pottery 40

pragmatic theory of truth 550

pragmatism 538

Pre-Raphaelitism 494

predicate logic 551

presumption of innocence 444

Price, Sol 759

Priest, Graham 205, 212

Priestly, Joseph Researches Chemical and Philosophical 94

primary and secondary qualities 387

prime numbers 223

printing press 235, 311

Prior, Arthur 212

prisoner’s dilemma 743

product placement 540

progress, continual 129

Prohibition 650

propaganda 352

propaganda by deed 534

property dualism 543

property is theft 481

propositional logic 231

Protagoras 169, 170

Protestant work ethic 619

Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 461, 481, 482, 523

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 270

psychedelic experience 761

psychoanalysis 579

psychology laboratory 552

Ptolemy, Claudius 59, 184, 196, 206, 232, 328

punctuated equilibrium 844

pursuit of happiness 425

Putnam, Hilary 860

Pyrrho of Elis 221

Pythagoras of Samos 59, 68, 112, 144, 232

music of the spheres 146

Pythagorean theorem 142, 154, 166

Pythagorean tuning 143, 207

Qassim, Abdul Karim 94

Quakerism 363

queer theory 898

question of being 675

Quine, Willard van Orman Two Dogmas of Empiricism 748

racialism/racism 628

Racine, Jean 140, 141

radio waves 527

radioactivity, theory of 599

Rand, Ayn 768

rap music 867

Rastafarianism 685

rational choice theory (RCT) 783

Rational Dress 499

rational drug design 879

rational ignorance 775

rational/irrational numbers 152

rationalism 356

Ratti, Jo’Artis “Big Mijo” 922

Rawls, John A Theory of Justice 837, 839

Reaganomics 876

recapitulation theory 529

Recorde, Robert 332

recycling 835

Reformation art 324

reformed epistemology 823

reggae 819

regicide 94

Reich, Wilhelm 693

reincarnation 103, 112

samsara 103, 107, 112, 148

relativism 169

Religious Humanism 691

religious pluralism 157

religious tolerance 386

Renaissance 59, 169, 180

Renaissance man/woman 517

Renaissance music 314

repressive tolerance 804

rest as the natural state of things 206

restaurants 283

restorative justice 892

Reutersvärd, Oscar 694

Reynaud, Charles-Émile 549

rhythm and blues 736

Rist, Johann 368

Ritzer, George The McDonaldization of Society 900

Rivest, R. L. 864

Rivkin, Leonard 791

Robert-Houdin, Jean Eugène 490

Robespierre, Maximilien de The Principles of Political Morality 446

Robin Hood 297

Roblin, Richard 841

robotics 663, 707

rock ’n’ roll 751

Rococo 399

role models 736

Roman gods 155

Romanesque architecture 282

Romanticism 411

Röntgen, Wilhelm 587

Roosevelt, Franklin D. 710, 717

Rorschach Test 666

Rorty, Richard The Linguistic Turn 816

Roscher, Wilhelm 487

Rosicrucianism 347

Roslin Institute, Edinburgh 915

Roszak, Theodore 827

Rougier, Louis 690

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 353, 388, 481, 777

critique of inequality 413

man is born free 416

RSA algorithm 864

Russell, Bertrand 171, 189, 616, 623, 639, 665, 793

Russell’s paradox 610

Russell, Richard 407

Rüstow, Alexander 690

Ryder, Richard D. 831

sadism 567

safe haven law 920

Said, Edward Orientalism 865

Saint-Simon, Henri de 461

Salam, Mohammad Abdus 817, 854

salsa 685

samsara 103, 107, 112, 148

Sanger, Margaret 93

Santa Claus 259

Sartre, Jean-Paul 170, 714

Nausea 703

Satanism, LaVeyan 808

theistic 297

satire 175

Saunders, Clarence 646

Saussure, Horace-Bénédict de 418, 465

scapegoat 117

Schenkel, Rudolph 723

Schleyer, Johann Martin 554

Schoenberg, Arnold 629, 631, 667

scholasticism 293

Schopenhauer, Arthur 461

Schrödinger’s Cat 699, 934

Schumacher, E. F. Small Is Beautiful 846

science 130, 177, 161, 184, 201, 210, 359

four causes 212

scientific method 202

Scientology 112, 751

sculpture 40

SEALAB 803

Searle, John 872

Second Coming 239

Second Law of Thermodynamics 467, 530

sedentism 36, 43

self-fulfilling prophecy 730

Self-Reliance 471

Semmelweis, Ignaz 491

Seneca the Younger 141, 302

sense and reference 584

separation of church and state 455

separation of powers 407

serialism 667

set theory 542

Seuss, Dr. 134

sewer systems 115

sex reassignment surgery 683

sexism 794

sexting 932

Shakespeare, William 86, 140, 141, 149, 177, 285, 297

shamanism 30, 33, 50

Shamir, A. 864

Shannon, Claude 728

sharp projectiles 26

Sheen, Fulton 746

Shell, Tim 928

Shintõism 30, 31, 59, 276

Sidgwick, Henry 543

sign language for the deaf 418

Sikhism 103, 104, 107, 318

Simon, Herbert 766

simple life 502

Simpson, Mark 901

Singer, Peter 144

Practical Ethics 871

six degrees of separation 816

Six Green Principles 927

Six Sigma 884

Sixtus V, Pope 94

skepticism 221

Skinner, B. F. 532, 643

slavery 41, 420

slide rule 353

Smith, Adam 321, 365, 388

The Wealth of Nations 129, 425

Smith, Joseph, Jr. 468

Smith, Robert 695

soap 72

Social Darwinism 524, 549

social networking services 867

social welfare 245

societas publicanorum 237

society of the spectacle 823

Socrates 134, 151, 154, 169, 170, 174, 176, 186, 214, 215

I know that I do not know 165

Socratic Method 166

solar power 418

Sophism 169, 170, 173

Sophocles 140, 141, 163, 168, 179

souls 34

sound collage 740

space 195

space rockets 597

Space X 940

speciesism 831

speed limit 529

Spencer, Herbert 461, 470, 524

Spener, Philipp Jakob 376

Spinoza, Baruch 361, 378, 397

spiritualism 404

Spock, Benjamin 718

spontaneous generation 201

squaring the circle 224

Stampfer, Simon van 476

state, the 321

steam power 397

Steiner, George The Death of Tragedy 141

Steiner, Rudolf 629

Stevenson, Robert Louis Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 564

Stockholm syndrome 849

Stoermer, Eugene F. 924

Stoicism 67, 163, 181, 205, 207

Stoneking, Mark 887

Storey, George 544

Strauss, William Generations 898

stream of consciousness 601

Strindberg, August 140

string theory 146, 828

Stringfellow, John 485

strong force 846

structuralism 611

subjectivism 171

subjectivist fallacy 564

subsidiarity 581

substance dualism 356

Sudoku 431, 868

suffrage, universal 584

Sullivan, John L. 489

Sullivan, Louis 595

sundials 62

Sunzi, The Art of War 173

supermarkets 646

supply and demand 478

Surrealism 656

survival of the fittest 524

Susskind, Leonard 828

Sutherland, Ivan 813

Swan, Joseph 340

Swedenborg, Emanuel 404

swing music 686

Sylvester, James 229

symbolic logic 553

symbols 35

Tabourot, Jehan 337

tabula rasa 384

talkies 657

tantric sex 624

Taoism see Daoism

Tarski, Alfred 212

teleology 214

telephone 546

telescopes 347

televangelism 746

television 140, 149, 672

Ten Commandments 122

terrorism 243, 534

war on terror 928

Tertullian 251, 253, 255

Tesla, Nikola 340

thalassotherapy 407

Thales of Miletus 130, 167, 350

Thanksgiving 350

Theodosius I 129

theory 184

Theosophy 107, 112, 300

Thespis 140, 141

think tanks 474

Third Man Problem 201

Thomas, Lewis The Lives of a Cell 856

Thompson, Sir Henry Cremation: The Treatment of the Body After Death 65

Thoreau, Henry David 471, 495, 502

Thorndike, Edward L. 597

Thrasymachus 170

Tiberius 221

tipping point 770

Tokugawa shogunate 126, 362

Tolkien, J. R. R. 116, 285

Tönnies, Ferdinand 569

tool development 26, 27

toothbrushes 90

top-down cosmology 934

topology 492

Torricelli, Evangelista 215

totem poles 426

trade 28, 38

trade unions 422

traffic lights 530

tragedy 141, 537

Trajan 245

transcendental idealism 430

Transcendentalism 471

transubstantiation 283

Travels of Sir John Mandeville 163

trial by jury 298

trigonometry 232

Trojan Horse 125

Trotsky, Leon 624, 628

Troyes, Chrétien de 295

Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin 597

Turing machine 701

Turner, Michael 918

Tyndall, John 465

Ubuntu 908

UK Biobank 937

Umar 245

uncertainty principle 676

Underhill, Peter 927

unified field theory 167

uniformitarianism 436

Unitarianism 331

United Nations 717

Universal Declaration of Human Rights 149, 157, 731

universals and particulars 185

universe

infinite number of 590, 775

oscillating 686

universities 182

upcycling 905

Ur-Nammu, Code of 81, 89

Urey-Miller experiment 752

Urey, Harold 752

urgent care clinics 831

utilitarianism 439

Utopia 323

utopian socialism 461

V-chip 906

vaccination 286

Valentinus 246

value-added tax (VAT) 759

van Gogh, Vincent 577

van Inwagen, Peter 227

Veblen, Thorstein 600, 605

vector spaces 573

vegetarianism 123, 144

venture philanthropy 935

Venturi, Robert Less is a bore 807

verificationism 408

Verne, Jules Around the World in Eighty Days 540

Vesalius, Andreas 252

Vico, Giambattista 400

video on demand (VOD) 903

Virgin Galactic 940

virtual reality 813

virtual workplaces 925

vitalism 251

Vitruvius 168, 232

Volapük 554

Voltaire 257, 323, 353, 395

cultivate your garden 415

voluntarism 569

von Guericke, Otto 160

von Hartsoeker, Nicolaas 211

von Mises, Richard 704

von Moltke, Helmuth 556

von Neumann, John 713

voodoo 391

wabi-sabi 293

Waddington, C. H. 708

Wales, Jimmy 928

Waliullah, Shah 408

Wallace, Alfred Russell 511

Wantzel, Pierre 224

war is good 556

war on terror 928

warehouse clubs 759

Warnekros, Kurt 683

Watchmaker Analogy 456

water (all is) 130, 167

waterpower 218

Watson, James 370, 756, 855

Watson, John 643

wave theory of light 379

weak force 693

Weber-Fechner law 478

Weber, Max 321, 619, 621

Wegener, Alfred 337

Weierstrass, Karl 858

Weinberg, Stephen 817, 854

Weismann, August 458, 560

Wellcome Trust, London 937

Wellington, Duke of 474

Wells, H. G. 323

Werner, Karl 804

Wertheimer, Max 640

West, Brett 906

Westinghouse, George 340

Weyl, Hermann 648

Whitcomb, John C. The Genesis Flood 786

White, Ellen G. The Great Controversy 508

Whitehead, Alfred North 151

Whitney, Eli 453

Whyte, William H. 755

Wicca 159, 761

Wiener, Norbert 726

Wikipedia 928

Wilczek, Frank 846

Wiles, Andrew 359

Wilkins, John 371

William of Ockham 185, 210, 214, 293

Williams, Ralph Vaughan 326

Willis, Ceasare “Tight Eyez” 922

Wilson, Allan 887

Wilson, William 695

Wimsatt, William 718

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim 417

wind power 61

winemaking 47

Wittgenstein, Ludwig 255, 408

beetle in a box 758

if a lion could speak 758

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 665

Wollstonecraft, Mary 442, 445

Woolf, Virginia A Room of One’s Own 680

World Anti-Piracy Observatory 938

World Wide Web 893

W3C 903

world, end of 99

infinite number of worlds 336

wormholes 648

Wovoka 575

Wright, Orville and Wilbur 271, 457, 485

wu wei 136, 139

Wundt, Wilhelm 552, 611

X-rays 587

Xenophon 134

Y-chromosomal Adam 927

Yijing (I Ching) 82, 126

Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 234

Yoga Vasistha 228

you are what you eat 500

Young, Michael The Rise of the Meritocracy 778

Zahavi, Amotz 860

Zen 275, 293, 295

Zeno of Citium 217

Zeno of Elea 159

Zeno’s arrow 171

Zermelo, Ernst 610

zero 97, 161

Zhuangzi 136, 139

Zimmerman, Paul 618

Zoroastrianism 50, 65, 99, 109, 119

Zubrin, Robert The Case for Mars 912

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