1. (Top) Mikhail Gorbachev with Mohamed Najibullah (RIA Novosti) (Bottom) Eduard Shevardnadze, the Soviet Foreign Minister, signs the Geneva agreements (RIA Novosti)
2. (Top) Nur Mohamed Taraki (Itar-TASS) (Bottom) Leonid Brezhnev greets Babrak Karmal (Itar-TASS)
3. (Top) Communist Activists (photograph courtesy of A. Dyshev) (Bottom) Students at the Kabul Polytechnic (RIA Novosti)
4. Clockwise from top left: Igor Morozov (Author photograph); Sergeant Alexander Gergel (photograph courtesy of A. Gergel); Nikolai Bystrov (Author photograph) and Lieutenant Alexander Kartsev (photograph courtesy of A. Kartsev)
5. (Top) The elite troops—parachutists, reconnaissance units and special forces (photograph courtesy of A. Dyshev) (Bottom) Dembels (photograph courtesy of A. Dyshev)
6. (Top) The 860th Regiment medical team (photograph courtesy of A. Smolina) (Bottom) Two weddings (photograph courtesy of A. Smolina)
7. Action in the mountains (photographs courtesy of A. Dyshev)
8. Summer 1988. Soviet troops withdraw from Jalalabad towards Kabul (photograph by Richard Ellis)
9. Babur’s garden and tomb in 2008 (Author photograph)
10. (Top) The Arg (RIA Novosti) (Bottom) The Taj Bek (Author photograph)
11. (Top) Ahmad Shah Masud—the Lion of Pandsher (Sygmus collection, Corbis) (Bottom left) Sher Ahmad Maladani (Author photograph) (Bottom right) Unknown man by the Salang tunnel (Author photograph)
12. (Top) Soldiers fighting off an ambush (RIA Novosti) (Bottom) Soldiers are relaxing on their BMP (RIA Novosti)
13. (Top) Mi-24 battle helicopters, called Crocodiles (photograph courtesy of Yannick Fournier) (Bottom) Mi-8 helicopters, called Bees (RIA Novosti)
14. Sappers searching for mines (RIA Novosti)
15. A Soviet supply column in the mountains (RIA Novosti)
16. Pandsher Valley, September 2008 (Author photograph)
While every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders of illustrations, the author and publishers would be grateful for information about any illustrations where they have been unable to trace them, and would be glad to make amendments in further editions.