Apache

INDEX

Afghanistan 19

British Army history in 65, 166–7

climate 14, 181

landscape 15–16, 63, 64–5

native population 22, 63–4

opium trade in 1–2, 19, 20, 63, 68, 82–4, 94, 96, 155, 284

reconstruction programmes 22

Soviet occupation of 20, 63, 83, 84, 112, 136, 193

see also under individual area

Afghan National Army 346

Afghan War, Second, 1880 166–7

air support:

AC130 Spectre gunship 47, 50

A10 Thunderbolt 2, 32, 147, 270, 271, 273–4, 275, 284, 285, 298, 338

Blackhawk 97, 167

B1B Lancer 197, 198, 209, 210, 213, 217, 227, 241, 284, 285, 286, 338

CH47 Chinook 3, 6, 11, 16, 21, 30, 44, 45, 87, 97, 105, 106, 114, 137, 141, 148, 167, 171, 186, 187, 236, 243, 244, 246–7, 262, 317, 319, 324, 329, 330, 331, 333–4

F16 135–6

F18 147, 151

Hercules transport planes 16, 132, 339

Lynx 32, 38, 45, 96, 141, 171, 236, 254, 324, 331

Harrier GR7 2, 39, 50, 119, 120, 121, 125, 145, 146, 147, 180, 201

Nimrod MR2 22, 93, 154, 168, 198, 208, 217, 224, 227, 240, 243, 275, 276, 280, 297

Predator drone 9, 208, 217, 223, 253, 254, 275, 276

al Qaeda 65, 97, 135

Alice 92–3, 94, 95, 97, 109, 110, 111, 125, 134, 137, 151, 159, 170, 195–6

Apache AH64A 17

birth of 29–30

Britain acquires and adapts 32–4

design 29–31

‘Fire and Forget’ 32

first active service 31–2

heat signature 30

Longbow Radar 32, 35, 36, 186–7, 207, 293

name of 29

Radar Warning Receiver 208

resilience under fire 30

rotor blades 29–30

size of 29

stealth technology 29

surveillance capabilities 29

weapons systems 30–1

weight 29

Apache AH64D 15, 32–3, 96

Apache AH Mk 1 xxii–xxv

air conditioning 58, 174, 251

Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE) 60, 61

ammunition 44, 320–1, 335–6, 347 see also weapons

Automatic Direction Finder 207

birth of 29–30, 32–4

Britain acquires and adapts 32–4

cameras

Day TV camera 30, 55, 73, 84, 187, 246, 252, 286, 291, 292

Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) thermal camera 30, 73, 74, 122, 160, 172, 178, 206, 213, 214, 221, 224, 246, 256, 257, 261, 325, 335, 344

Pilots Night Vision Sight (PNVS) camera 36, 87, 204, 205

climb rate 61

closing down procedure 87–8

cockpits 174

combat manoeuvre 66

combat time 40

computers, on-board 30, 35, 55, 79

control panel 54–5

cost of 33–4, 39, 42, 45, 46, 158, 237, 321, 335–6, 347

crash-landings 202

Defensive Aide Suite 110

de-icer 33

deployment in Afghanistan 12, 13, 39–41

descent 87

design, general 29–31

ECM (Electronic Counter Measures) 33

electrical avionic 18, 30, 45

engines 33, 61, 186

fire extinguisher 176

first sight of 53

fly-by-wire sensors 173

flying regulations 42–3, 45

fuel 44, 87, 174, 226, 279

GPS 200

gun tape laptop 43, 90, 107, 136, 192, 236, 341

health monitoring system 33

heat signature 30

Helicopter Integrated Defensive Aid System (HIDAS) 137–9, 233, 276

hydraulic line 176

manoeuvres 61–2, 66

maximum flying hours 45, 46

monocle 36, 58, 66, 76, 77, 117, 118, 175, 204, 220, 254, 313, 318

Multi Purpose Display (MPD) 55, 60, 67, 71, 74, 77, 79, 87, 121, 122, 124, 145, 186–7, 204, 208, 212, 214, 223, 225, 246, 252, 319

name of 29

pairs, fly in 48

pilots

Black Brain 50, 116, 169, 222, 233, 243

clothing 48–50, 72, 77, 114, 129

Crew Rest Periods 108, 190

day pattern of 104–9

debrief 90–1, 107, 151, 159, 234

‘Deliberate Tasking’ 105, 106, 144, 155, 185, 238–9

‘Duty Ops’ 105

escape plan 201–4

ethos and role of 37–9

evening brief 109

fatigue 189–91

flying regulations 42–3

flying time 107, 236

grab bag 50–1, 114

helmet 55–6, 114, 220, 313

‘IRT/HRF’ (emergency scramble) 106, 113, 114–15, 116, 117, 128, 137, 160, 171, 184, 187–8, 239, 242, 243, 244

morning brief 105, 113

multi–tasking required 35–6

Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) 172, 175, 204, 220

personal possessions 52

physical pressure on 190

post-mission report 107

radios 56, 61, 105, 114, 115, 137, 200, 203, 207, 245, 246, 253, 254, 261, 290

Release To Service 42–3, 202, 341

Relief in Place 244–5, 270

responsibility, sense of 62–3

shifts 105

situational/intelligence brief 92, 93–5, 109, 134, 195–6

survival jackets 200–1, 277, 281, 322

‘Testing and Maintenance’ 106–7

training programme 15, 17, 34–9

weapons and ammunition, personal 50, 51, 114, 288, 301, 310, 311

workload 190

Power Meter Indicator 251

re-arming 87–9

refuelling 87, 226

resilience under fire 30, 173–5

rotor blades 29–30, 33, 59, 77, 174

Saturn radios 33

seats 17, 54, 206

spare parts/maintenance 44, 45

speed of 70

stealth technology 29

surveillance capabilities 29

take-off 53–60

Target Acquisition and Designation Sight (TADS) 3, 4, 5, 6, 30, 36, 45, 55, 66, 67, 71, 74, 77, 87, 111, 117, 118, 121, 123, 124, 145, 149, 152, 157, 160, 171, 186, 204, 205, 206, 212, 215, 216, 217, 230, 246, 251, 253, 254–5, 259, 260, 264, 265, 303

trivia 85–6, 90, 180, 233

Up Front Display (UFD) 55

weapons systems:

cannon 3–4, 22, 30–1, 75–6, 88, 114, 150, 164, 205, 216–17, 218, 224, 225, 226, 247, 249, 266, 269, 289, 291, 299, 300, 324, 338, 347

development of 30–1

firing 71, 74–81

Flechette rocket 31, 75–6, 77–9, 86, 90, 150, 223, 267, 268, 269, 316, 320, 338, 347

HEISAP rocket 31, 266, 311, 316, 320, 338

Hellfire missiles 2–3, 22, 31, 32, 53, 54, 88–9, 90, 104, 110, 114, 118, 119, 122–3, 125, 126, 146, 164, 165, 173, 193, 199, 205, 214, 215, 217, 219, 221, 225, 226, 232, 234, 237, 249, 258, 264, 266, 267, 268, 260, 281, 286, 313, 316, 320, 338, 347

loading 53–4, 58

rockets 22, 31, 114, 117

wheel 66

Balkans conflict 2

Baram Cha 155

Bartlett, Sergeant Paul 3, 7, 8–9, 167

Bell AH1 ‘Huey’ Cobra 29

Billy 34, 38, 42–3, 46, 49, 105, 109, 163, 169, 182, 187, 190, 191, 193, 233

Blair visit to Camp Bastion and 129, 130, 133

callsign 100, 104

Camp Bastion, arrival at 11, 12, 13, 14, 17–18, 19, 23

commission 354

DFC 350, 351, 352

familiarisation flight 58–9, 60, 61, 62, 66, 69

Gereshk 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 80, 85, 86, 87, 90

Kajaki 115, 116, 120, 125

Operation Glacier (Garmsir) 146, 149, 155, 157, 158,

Operation Glacier (Jugroom Fort) 244, 245, 246, 248, 253, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 275, 277, 281, 282, 286, 293, 294, 308, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 328, 329, 330, 332, 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 344

Operation Glacier (Koshtay) 197, 199, 202, 205, 206, 211, 213, 216, 218, 219, 221, 225, 226, 227, 228, 233

Blair, Tony 19–20, 126, 127–34, 345

Blundell, Sergeant Kev 88, 89, 92, 109, 126, 226, 234, 321, 323–4, 347

Boeing 29, 33

Bosnia 28

British Army:

Apache, acquires 28–9

casualties 6, 22, 66, 68, 93, 148–9, 150, 151, 152, 170, 193, 243–350

first deployed to Afghanistan 19–20

friendly fire (blue-on-blue) incidents 71, 151, 152, 343–4

Helmand Task Force HQ, Lashkar Gah 12, 111, 115, 198, 227, 228, 231, 254, 342

ISTAR units 94

Joint Operations Cell (JOC) 43–4, 69, 90, 114, 116, 126, 152, 197, 243, 261

Military Internet Relay Chat (MIRC) 136

operations see under individual operation name

reconstruction programmes 22

ROE (Rules of Engagement) 164–5, 231, 336

British Army Air Corps (AAC) 12, 27–9, 37–8, 98, 191, 197, 347

656 Squadron 12

1 flight 46

2 flight 46, 113, 188

3 flight 46, 53, 103, 183, 184–5, 238–9,

241–2, 245, 262, 263, 278, 335, 339

backgrounds of pilots 24

debriefs 90–1, 159

‘Deliberate Tasking’ 105, 106, 144, 155, 185

‘Duty Ops’ 105

first deployment to Afghanistan 39–41

Gereshk 70–82

Garmsir 143–61, 194–9

Helmand Reaction Force 106

HQ flight 46, 102, 113, 144, 155, 185–6, 200, 239, 334

Incident Response Team 106

intensity of fighting 22

‘IRT/HRF’ (emergency scramble) 106, 113, 114–15, 116, 117, 128, 137, 160, 171, 184, 187–8, 239, 242, 243

Jugroom Fort 239–51

Koshtay 206–25, 226–36, 237, 347

mail 182–3

medivacs/casevac 106, 148–9, 243, 246–7

names of aircraft 98–101

Operation Glacier 143–61, 194–237, 238, 239–51

Operation Steve–O 171–80

return from second deployment 347

ROE (Rules of Engagement) 164–5, 231, 336

SBS casualties, attempt to recover 1–9, 65, 111, 137, 167, 247–8

second deployment to Afghanistan 13, 42–8

situational/intelligence brief 92, 93–5, 109, 134, 195–6

‘Testing and Maintenance’ 106–7

664 Squadron 13, 42, 43, 46–7, 67

British Army units:

C Squadron of the Light Dragoons 154, 241, 253, 291, 317

Gurkhas 2

Information Exploitation Battlegroup 153–4, 194

Joint Helicopter Command (JHC) 236, 328, 338

Joint Helicopter Force (JHF) 17, 43–4, 56, 85, 90, 92, 93, 99, 105, 108, 109, 111, 115, 116, 128, 136, 141, 151, 159, 161, 166, 170, 182, 183, 190, 192, 197, 201, 233, 234, 236, 237, 243, 245, 326, 327, 334, 337, 338

Parachute Regiment 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 94

2 Para 26, 27

3 Para 21–2, 39

16 Air Assault Brigade 20, 48, 66, 141

Royal Artillery 193

Royal Engineers 16, 67, 275

Royal Fusiliers 40

Royal Marines 94, 194

3 Commando 48, 104, 143, 144–5, 146–7, 150, 238, 341–2, 345, 349, 350

Brigade Reconnaissance Force (BRF) 154, 155–6, 157, 158, 197–8, 202–3, 208, 209, 224

29 Commando 193

42 Commando 72, 154, 159, 160–1, 170, 236, 243, 337

45 Commando 154, 348

Zulu Company 241, 242, 249, 254, 261, 263, 265, 268, 269, 270, 271, 276, 278, 279, 342–3, 344–5

SAS 26, 27, 28, 103, 197

SBS (Special Boat Service) 2, 8, 65, 111, 137, 154, 166, 167, 168, 197, 247–8

Special Forces 2–9, 154, 166, 170, 201, 240

British Army vehicles:

Pinzgauer 72, 156

Scimitar 241

Viking 249, 253, 317, 342

WMIK Land Rover 72, 129, 156

Bush, George W. 19–20

Cameron, David 128

Camp Bastion 7, 21, 43, 51, 60, 63, 64, 67, 70, 85, 112, 116, 125, 147, 167, 199, 234

appearance of 15

arrival at 12, 15–17

Christmas in 183–6

conditions 14, 18

descent into 12

front gate 162, 163

hospital 148

role of 12

security 162

surrounding landscape 15–16

Taliban observation of 162

Tony Blair visits 127–34

VIP visits 127–34, 191

Carl (Ewok) 109, 110, 111, 186, 187, 190

Blair visit to Camp Bastion and 127, 128

callsign 47, 100, 101

Electronic Warfare Officer 138–9

familiarisation flight 59, 60

Gereshk 71, 72, 74, 85, 87, 90, 91, 100, 101

joins Australian Army 354

Kajaki 113, 115, 116–17, 120, 121, 125, 126

Operation Glacier (Garmsir) 148, 158

Operation Glacier (Koshtay) 199, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 227, 228, 230, 231–2

Operation Glacier (Jugroom Fort) 244, 246, 248, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263–4, 265, 266, 267, 268–9, 270, 271, 273, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 299, 300, 302, 303, 308, 310, 311, 313, 315, 317–18, 319, 322, 323, 325, 326, 327, 330, 332, 333, 338, 339

pilot, experience as a 46

promotion 353

Charlotte 97–8, 101, 102, 129, 166, 169, 170, 172–3, 175, 177, 178, 180, 183–4, 185, 236, 238–9, 241, 250, 262, 264, 278, 285, 289, 291, 299, 305, 309, 311, 312, 316, 320, 21, 334, 335, 353

CIA 135, 196

Cold War 29, 38, 112

Daily Mirror 181–2

Dannatt, Sir Richard 191–3, 233

DGSE 196

Dunn, Tom Newton 102

Elizabeth II, Queen 351–2

Elphinstone, General 65

Falklands War 26

Ford, Joan 348, 349

Ford, Lance Corporal Mathew 250, 252, 253–65, 266, 268–9, 270, 271, 272–4, 276, 277, 278, 279–83, 285, 286, 291, 292, 294–5, 296–301, 302, 303, 304, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 324, 329, 333, 335, 336–7, 338, 341, 343–5, 347, 348–50

Forward Operating Base Dwyer 193

Forward Operating Base Robinson 136, 187

Fraser-Perry, Chris 276, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 313

Garmsir 93, 94, 104, 110, 112, 143–50, 151, 152–61, 193, 194–9, 226, 233, 239, 244, 342, 345, 346–7

GCHQ 154,196,342

Geordie (Vidal) 110, 190, 192

callsign 100–1

character 102–3, 111

Blair visit to Camp Bastion and 129, 130, 133

Operation Glacier (Koshtay) 201, 233

Operation Glacier (Jugroom Fort) 242, 244, 245, 248, 253, 258, 259, 263, 264, 267, 269, 270, 273, 276, 277, 281, 282, 283, 286, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 298, 300, 302, 308–9, 310, 311, 312, 316, 318, 319, 323, 326–7, 330, 332, 333, 336, 339, 341, 350, 351, 352, 353

Gereshk 20, 63, 69, 70, 73, 85, 96, 104

Green Zone, Helmand 4, 63, 64, 69, 70, 71, 94, 106, 112, 116, 121, 136, 143, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 181, 196, 203, 212, 226, 227, 239, 252

Gulf War, First 8, 31–2

Hambly, Corporal 53, 56

Harry, Prince 346

Hashmi, Jabron 68

Hearn, Sergeant Major Colin 275–6, 280, 282, 286, 303, 304, 306, 307, 309, 312, 341

Helmand province:

British Army history in 65, 166–7

conditions in 14, 181

Dasht-e-Margo (Desert of Death) (GAFA) 16, 64, 202, 203, 205, 206, 239, 241, 246

landscape 15–16, 63, 64–5

opium trade in 1–2, 19, 20, 63, 68, 82–4, 94, 96, 155, 284

population 63–4

Red Desert 64–5, 156

size of 21

Taliban strength in 21

winter in 181

see also under individual area

Helmand River 4, 143, 198, 203, 239, 291, 315, 342

Hussein, Saddam 8

IRA 26

Iran 204

Iraq 21, 32, 96–7, 128, 191

ISI 196

James, Major Christopher (‘Boss’) (Trigger) 46, 93, 105, 111, 163, 185, 187, 188

Apache pilot, experience as 15, 17

Blair visit to Camp Bastion and 127, 130, 131, 132

callsign 47–8, 99–100, 102, 104

Camp Bastion, arrival in 11–12

character 14–15

Crew Rest Periods, enforces 108, 109, 190

familiarisation flight 53, 56, 58, 59, 59, 61, 63, 64, 66–7, 69

Gereshk 71, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 86, 90

Kajaki 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 164–5

Maiwand 167–8

Now Zad 171–2, 173, 175, 176–7, 178, 179, 180

Operation Glacier (Garmsir) 145, 146, 147, 149, 157, 158

Operation Glacier (Koshtay) 191, 192, 197, 199, 200, 202, 203, 206, 208, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 225, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 237

Operation Glacier (Jugroom Fort) 239, 242, 254, 261, 263, 277, 324, 325, 326, 327, 330, 332, 334, 342

664 squadron, handover with 13

third tour of Afghanistan 353

Jim (FOG) 103–4, 108, 109, 113, 166, 183, 185, 238–9, 241, 250, 271, 285, 287, 289, 3–6, 307, 316, 333, 334, 353

John 13–14, 19

Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) 56, 69, 71, 73, 119, 120, 125, 145, 147, 151, 156, 164, 167, 168, 169, 180, 198, 209, 224, 227, 233, 234, 238, 245, 247, 249, 252, 254, 255, 258, 260, 263, 268, 269, 270, 272, 273, 275, 278, 284, 291, 297, 346

Jugroom Fort 239–345

Kabul 46

Kajaki 20, 63, 69, 80, 112, 164, 165, 170, 186

Arnhem 118, 119, 125–6

dam 112–13, 236

Falcon 118, 119, 120, 164, 165

missions in and around 115–26, 137

Shrine 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 164

Kandahar 11, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 44, 46, 64, 80, 82, 93, 96, 107, 122, 129, 153, 162, 163, 167, 170, 196, 237, 242, 261, 278, 279, 342

Airfield 9, 16, 44, 107

Karzai, Hamid 19, 128

Koshtay 196, 197, 199, 201, 202, 206–25, 226–36, 237, 347

Laden, Osama bin 65

Lashkar Gah 12, 15, 93, 96, 111, 115, 187, 198, 235, 238, 263, 279

Lewis, Bootsy 348

Macy, Ed (Elton)

Army Air Corps, joins 27

bicycle accident 27

birth 24

childhood 24–5

concern for life 23, 40–1

day pattern 104–9

family 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 37, 41, 108, 185, 188–9, 204, 322, 326, 341, 347, 352

fights 26

first tour in Afghanistan 12, 22–3, 39–41, 101, 107

killing the enemy, feelings after 81–2

leaves army 353

life after army 354

MC 350–2

mistakes 77–8, 79, 90–1, 104

Northern Ireland tour 23, 95, 163

operations see under individual operation name

Para 23, 26–7

retirement from army, failed attempt at 12–13

SAS, trains for selection process 26–7

school 24–5

second tour of Afghanistan, deployment to 11–19

training, Apache 17, 34–9, 101

Macy, Emily 28, 29, 37, 41, 52, 108, 185, 188–9, 204, 322, 326, 341, 347

Macy, Greg (brother) 24–5

Magowan, Lieutenant Colonel Rob 94, 144, 151, 152, 153–4, 194, 198, 234, 241, 250, 254, 263, 272, 273, 275–6, 277, 282, 283, 331, 333, 342, 346, 350

Maiwand 166–7

MI6 136, 154, 196

Ministry of Defence (MoD) 34, 42, 46, 202, 262, 341, 345, 354

Mohammed, Mullah Fahir 235

Musa Qa’leh 20, 21

Musharraf, Pervez 128

NATO 19, 20, 21

Nick (Bonnie) 101–2, 107, 129, 166, 170, 171, 183, 185, 200, 238–9, 241, 242, 245, 249, 250, 254, 262, 264, 271, 277, 278, 285, 289, 303, 305, 306, 311, 316, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353

Nimruz 19, 20, 155

9/11 97

Northern Ireland 26, 95, 163

Now Zad 20, 40, 63, 80, 112, 138, 170, 171, 175, 179, 180, 187, 192

NSA 196

Omar, Mullah 82

Operation Anthracite 94

Operation Glacier:

Garmsir 143–61

Glacier 1 196, 198, 206–25, 226–36

Glacier 2 238–49, 338

Glacier 3 346

Glacier 4 346

Glacier 5 196, 346

Jugroom Fort 239–351

Koshtay 194–237, 238, 239

Operation Herrick 20, 92, 93–4

Operation Just Cause 31

Operation Steve–O 171–80

opium trade 1–2, 19, 20, 63, 68, 82–4, 94, 96, 155, 284

Pakistan 82, 83, 153, 155, 194, 207, 210, 235

Panjwayi Valley 166, 168

Patten, Captain David 3, 7, 8, 167

Pentagon 29, 210

Philip, Prince 349, 350–1

Phillips, Fiona 181–2

Quetta 82, 195, 235

RAF 46, 120, 145, 162, 244

RAF Barkston 34

RAF Shrewsbury 34

Ramit 135–7

Ramsay, Gordon 184

Reid, Ina 348, 349

Reid, John 21–2

Rigg, Captain Dave 275, 280, 281, 282, 283, 288, 289, 292, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 309, 311, 312, 313, 317, 318, 338, 351

Roberts, Bob 131

Robinson, Marine Gary 275–6, 303, 304, 305, 306, 309, 312, 313

Robinson, Nick 133

Rocco 109–10, 111, 127, 169, 192, 193, 201, 233

Rolls Royce 33, 61, 186

Royal Navy 3

Sahib, Haji Mullah 168

Sangin 2, 20, 61, 63, 65–9, 94, 112, 115, 136, 138, 141, 147, 187, 247–8

Sexton, Colonel 327–32, 337–8, 341

Siah Choy 168

Simon 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Sky News 108, 128

Soggy Arm Field 164–6

Soviet Army 20, 63, 83, 84, 112, 136, 193

Sun 102

Taliban 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 52, 72, 95, 208, 322

adaptation to conditions of Afghanistan 22–3

Apache, fear of and approach to 7–8, 40, 49, 308, 354

bravery 74, 84–5

capture of leaders 2

casualties 80, 81–2, 213–14, 216–17, 224–5, 227, 228, 235, 235, 236, 249–50, 251, 342

Chinook and 8

clothing 84

drug trade, connection to 82–4

experience of fighters 84

fall of regime 19

fighting strength 150–1

fire fights 39–40, 73–82, 118–26, 145–50, 209–25, 227–32, 241, 244, 249, 251, 252, 257, 258–60, 266, 268, 276, 277, 305–6, 315, 335, 342, 344

Garmsir 144, 346

intensity of fighting 20–2

Islamic extremists and 82, 83

Jugroom Fort 239–40, 241, 244, 249, 250, 251, 252, 257, 258–60, 266, 268, 276, 277, 305–6, 315, 330, 335, 342, 344, 346

leadership 82–3

observe Camp Bastion movements 162–3, 205

prisoners, treatment of 6, 7, 8, 111, 247–8, 330

snipers 177–8

spotters 73

suicide bombings 95–6

supply chain 143, 153, 155, 194–9

tactics 84, 96, 162–3, 205

Tier One 82–3

Tier Three 83–4, 96

Tier Two 83, 96

weapons see weapons, Taliban

Thomas, Brigadier Jerry 153, 195, 257, 278–9, 342, 345

Thorpe, Corporal Peter 68

Tony (Darwin) 101, 103, 104, 110, 127, 130, 132, 141, 171, 172–3, 175, 178, 179, 183, 185, 233, 236, 239, 241, 250, 285, 289, 299, 316, 320, 321, 334, 335, 336, 353

Topman 120, 121, 146, 180

Uruzgan 19, 20, 153

United States 31–2

air support 2, 32, 147, 197, 198, 209, 210, 213, 217, 227, 241, 270, 271, 273–4, 275, 284, 285, 286, 298, 338

Apache crews 175, 186

Apache helicopter, develop 29–33

bases 169–70

weapons, Apache helicopter, see Apache AH

Mk 1

weapons, Taliban

107-mm Chinese rockets 68, 137

AK47 84, 139, 144, 229, 305

anti–aircraft guns 140, 180

Dushkas (14.5–mm Soviet ZPU) 140–1, 171, 175, 180, 217

HN15 135

IED (improvised explosive device) 3

landmines 193

Man Portable Air Defence Systems

(ManPADs) 135, 139

mortars 20, 72–4, 144

NVGs 204

rockets 20, 117, 119–20

RPG (rocket-propelled grenade) 2, 20, 84, 117, 139, 144, 146, 171, 174, 221, 223, 224, 229, 255, 258, 259, 261, 265, 266, 296, 298, 305, 306, 321, 335

SA14s 135

SA7s 135, 136

SAMs (surface-to-air missiles) 43, 60, 61, 84, 96–7, 134–9, 141, 171, 186, 220, 268, 269

Stinger missile 135, 137, 138, 217

Wombat (Weapon of Magnesium

Battalion Anti Tank) 68, 144

Wigley, Jonathan 152

Wright, Marine Gary 96

You Tube 43