Атлас искусственного интеллекта: руководство для будущего - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Кейт Кроуфорд (ч. notes)

Примечания

1

Heyn, «Berlin’s Wonderful Horse.»

2

Pfungst, Clever Hans.

3

«Clever Hans’ Again.»

4

Pfungst, Clever Hans.

5

Pfungst.

6

Lapuschkin et al., «Unmasking Clever Hans Predictors.»

7

See the work of philosopher Val Plumwood on the dualisms of intelligence-stupid, emotional-rational, and master-slave. Plumwood, «Politics of Reason.»

8

Turing, «Computing Machinery and Intelligence.»

9

Von Neumann, The Computer and the Brain, 44. This approach was deeply critiqued by Dreyfus, What Computers Can’t Do.

10

See Weizenbaum, «On the Impact of the Computer on Society,» After his death, Minsky was implicated in serious allegations related to convicted pedophile and rapist Jeffrey Epstein. Minsky was one of several scientists who met with Epstein and visited his island retreat where underage girls were forced to have sex with members of Epstein’s coterie. As scholar Meredith Broussard observes, this was part of a broader culture of exclusion that became endemic in AI: «As wonderfully creative as Minsky and his cohort were, they also solidified the culture of tech as a billionaire boys’ club. Math, physics, and the other ‘hard’ sciences have never been hospitable to women and people of color; tech followed this lead.» See Broussard, Artificial Unintelligence, 174.