Bloodlands

INDEX

AB Aktion (Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion, Extraordinary Pacification Action)

Abakumov, Viktor

Adamczyk, Wiesław

Aged. See Elderly

Aginskaia, Perla

Akhmatova, Anna

Allilueva, Svetlana

Angielczyk, Czesława

Anielewicz, Mordechai

Anschluss

Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)

Anti-Semitism

Belarus and

in Britain

in Czechoslovakia

Hitler, Adolf and

National Socialism and

in Poland

Soviet Union and

Stalin, Joseph and

in United States

Arajs, Viktor

Archangelsk, Soviet Union

Arendt, Hannah

Armenians

Aronson, Stanisław

Aryanization

Auschwitz

Austria

Babi Yar

Babushkina, Evgenia

Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem

Backe, Herbert

Baltic States See also Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

Balts

See also Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians

Balytskyi, Vsevolod

BBC. See British Broadcasting Corporation

Bełżec

Bechtolsheim, Gustav von

Belarus

anti-Semitism in

Final Solution and

Final Solution in

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Great Terror of 1937–1938 and

Hitler, Adolf and

Holocaust and

Jews, murder of in

Jews in

Lenin, Vladimir and

Minsk

nationalism and

partisan warfare in

Polish Jews in

Soviet prisoners of war and

Stalin, Joseph and

Belarusians

murder of

Belgium

Belomor canal

Belozovskaia, Iza

Belsen

Beneš, Edvard

Bergen-Belsen concentration camp

Berger, Oskar

Bergman, Bluma

Beria, Lavrenty

Berman, Boris

Berman, Jakub

Bielski, Tuvia

Bierut, Bolesław

Birkenau

See also Auschwitz

Black Book of Soviet Jewry

Blokhin, Vasily

Blum, Léon

Bolshevik Revolution (1917)

Bolshevism, Bolsheviks

Borowski, Tadeusz

Britain. See Great Britain

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

The Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky)

Brzeziński, Mieczysław

Buber-Neumann, Margarete

Buchenwald concentration camp

Bukharin, Nikolai

Bulgaria

Bulgarians

First World War and

Cannibalism

Capitalism

Caucasus

Cedrowski, Izydor

Central Powers

Chamberlain, Neville

Chełmno

Cheka

Children

Final Solution and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

Poland, German invasion of and

Soviet concentration camps and

Soviet famines and

China

Churchill, Winston

Circus (film)

Cold War

Collectivization

failure of

industrialization and

legal basis for

socialism and

Soviet famines and

Stalin, Joseph and

Cominform (Communist Informational Bureau)

Communism

fascism and

Hitler, Adolf and

Holocaust and

Home Army (Poland) and

industrialization and

Jews and

National Socialism and

Poland and

Tito-Stalin split and

Communist International

Concentration Camp Warsaw

Congress of Victors (1934)

Cosmopolitanism

Crabwalk (Grass)

Cracow, Poland

Crimea

Croatia

Cukierman, Icchak

Czapski, Józef

Czechoslovakia

Czechs

Czerniaków, Adam

Dąbal, Tomasz

Dachau concentration camp

Daladier, Edouard

Darkness at Noon (Koestler)

Darwinism

Death factories

Auschwitz

Bełżec

Chełmno

concentration camps vs.

“euthanasia” program and

liberation of

Polish Jews and

Polish Jews executed in

Sobibór

Soviet prisoners of war and

Treblinka

Defoe, Daniel

Democracy

Denmark

Der Nister

Dirlewanger, Oskar

Dirlewanger Brigade

Dmowski, Roman

Dnipropretrovsk, Ukraine

Donetsk, Ukraine. See Stalino, Ukraine

Dorfmann, Ruth

Dostoevsky, Fyodor

Dowbor, Janina

Dubček, Aleksandr

Dulles, Allen

Duranty, Walter

Dzierżyński, Feliks

East Germany (German Democratic Republic)

Eberl, Irmfried

Edelman, Marek

Ehrenburg, Ilya

Eichmann, Adolf

Einsatzgruppen

Jews and

Political enemies and

Einsatzkommandos

Eizenshtayn, Sofia

Elderly

Engels, Friedrich

Enlightenment

Entente Powers

Estonia

ethnic cleansing of

Final Solution in

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 in

Soviet occupation and annexation of

Ethnic cleansing

of Germans

in Latvia

in Lithuania

in Poland

in Soviet Union

Stalin, Joseph and

Etinger, Yakov

European Union

Everything Flows (Grossman)

Evian Conference (1938)

The Family Mashber (Der Nister)

Fascism, fascists

Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)

Fefer, Itzik

Field, Noel and Hermann

Final Solution

in Belarus

children and

death factories and

deportation and

enslavement and

in Estonia

“euthanasia” program and

final version of

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Hitler, Adolf and

in Hungary

Hunger Plan and

Jews, elimination of and

Large Action (1942) and

in Latvia

Lublin plan of

Madagascar plan of

Nazi justification for

partisan warfare and

Poland and

reformulating

in Romania

Soviet plan of

Stalin, Joseph and

in Ukraine

Wehrmacht and

women and

Finland

First World War

Fischer, Ludwig

Fiterson, Sima

Five-Year Plan

Flak, Jadwiga

Flak, Marian

Flossenberg concentration camp

For a Just Cause (Grossman)

Four-Year Plan Authority

France

Czechoslovakia, annexation of and

First World War and

German invasion of

Jewish deportation from

Poland, German invasion of and

Second World War and

Versailles Treaty (1919) and

Franco, Francisco

Frank, Hans

Franz, Kurt

Free Masons

French Revolution

Frenkel, Paweł

Furet, François

Gandhi, Mohandas

Garden of Eden

Gassing

Gauleiters

Gęborski, Czesław

Geibel, Paul

Geller, Eliezer

General Commissariat White Ruthenia

See also Belarus

General Government

Generalplan Ost

Gerassimova, Rosa

German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

German Empire

defeat of

German Jews

deportation

Holocaust and

murder of

German Order Police

Germans

deportation of

ethnic cleansing of

First World War and

Soviet famines and

superiority of

German-Soviet war (1941–1945)

Belarus and

Civilians and

Final Solution and

Generalplan Ost and

Hitler, Adolf and

Hunger Plan and

Japan and

Jewish resistance and

Leningrad, seige of and

“lightning victory” in

Moscow, Soviet Union and

National Socialism and

Operation Bagration and

partisan warfare and

Polish resistance and

Red Army and

Soviet power and

Soviet prisoners of war and

Stalin, Joseph and

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and

Wehrmacht and

Germany

Anschluss and

Austria, annexation of by

British problem and

concentration camps in

Czechoslovakia, annexation of by

economy of

First World War and

gas chambers in

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

Japanese alliance with

Jews, murder of in

killing fields in

Poland, invasion of by

Poland, occupation of by

Rapallo, Treaty of and

socialism in

Soviet alliance with

Soviet occupation of

Soviet Union, encirclement of and

Soviet war (1941–1945) with

starvation campaign of 1941 and

starvation zones in

Treaty on Borders and Friendship (1939) and

Gestapo

Ghettos

Łódź, Poland

death factories and

Lublin, Poland

Minsk, Belarus

Polish Jews in

Riga, Latvia

Slutsk, Belarus

Warsaw, Poland

Glińska, Irena, Janina and Serafina

Globocnik, Odilo

Goebbels, Joseph

Goglidze, S. A.

Gold, Artur

Goloshchekin, Filip

Gomułka, Władysław

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Gorbman, Ekaterina

Göring, Hermann

Gottberg, Curt von

Gottwald, Klement

Graniewicz, Bazylii

Graniewicz, Kolya

Grass, Günter

Great Britain

anti-Semitism in

concentration camps, liberation of by

Czechoslovakia, annexation of and

First World War and

Jews and

Poland, German invasion of and

Poland and

Second World War and

socialism in

Great Depression

Great Terror of 1937–1938

in Belarus

Belarus and

casualties of

children and

class operations of

end of

family, destruction of and

Germany and

Gulag and

Hitler, Adolf and

Japan and

Jews and

kulak operation of

Latvian operation of

Leningrad and

national operations of

NKVD (Soviet secret police) and

NKVD and

Polish operation of

Politburo (Soviet) and

rationale for

Soviet Poles and

Stalin, Joseph and

torture and

troikas and

Ukraine and

Greece

Greeks

Greiser, Arthur

Grossman, Vasily

Gulag

See also Special settlements

Habrowski, Mieczysław

Habsburg monarchy

Halder, Franz

Hanke, Karl

Hecht, Thomas

Hegel, Georg Wihelm Friedrich

Herriot, Édouard

Heydrich, Reinhard

death factories and

Final Solution and

Minsk, Belarus and

Hilberg, Raul

Himmler, Heinrich

Auschwitz and

death factories and

Final Solution and

partisan warfare and

Warsaw Ghetto and

History

as class struggle

of Holocaust

Marx, Karl and

Marxism and

rewriting of

Soviet Union and

Stalin, Joseph and

Hitler, Adolf

agricultural policy of

anti-Semitism of

assassination attempts on

Belarus and

class terror and

communism and

death of

economic policies of

Final Solution and

Garden of Eden and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

Jews, murder of and

Lenin, Vladimir and

National Socialism and

Nazi terror of 1936–1938 and

partisan warfare and

peasant question and

Poland and

purges of

racism of

Reichstag fire (1933) and

rise to power of

Soviet prisoners of war and

Soviet Union, destruction of and

Soviet-German relations and

Stalin, Joseph alliance with

Stalin, Joseph and

Stalin, Joseph, betrayal of by

Höfle, Hermann

Holocaust

anti-Semitism and

Auschwitz and

Belarus and

communism and

death factories and

gassing and

German Jews and

history of

Hitler, Adolf and

Israel and

Jews and

non-Jews and

Soviet history and

Stalin, Joseph and

Ukraine and

See also Final Solution; Jews

Homage to Catalonia (Orwell)

Home Army (Poland)

Hoover, Herbert

Höss, Rudolf

Hughes, John

Hungarians

Hungary

Hunger Plan

IG Farben

Industrialization

Innitzer, Theodor

Internationalism

Israel

Holocaust and

Italy

Czechoslovakia, annexation of and

fascism in

First World War and

Jewish deportation from

Jahntz, Eva

Jakubowicz, Dobiesław

Janion, Marion

Japan

espionage missions of

German alliance with

German rapprochement with

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

Polish cooperation with

Second World War and

Siberia and

Soviet famines and

Soviet neutrality pact with

Soviet Union, encirclement of and

Ukraine and

Jeckeln, Friedrich

Jehovah’s Witnesses

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee

Jewish Combat Organization

Jewish community organizations

Jewish Military Union

Jews

Austrian

in Belarus

Britain and

capitalism and

communism and

Einsatzgruppen and

Final Solution and

German

Great Britain and

Holocaust and

Latvian

Lithuanian

Lublin plan for

Madagascar plan and

National Socialism and

NKVD and

Nuremberg laws of 1935 and

Poland, German invasion of and

Polish

Soviet

Soviet famines and

Soviet Union and

Stalin, Joseph and

United States and

See also Final Solution; Holocaust

Jones, Gareth

Judenrat

Juriewicz, Janina

Juriewicz, Maria

Kagan, Dobcia

Kaganovich, Lazar

Kamenev, Lev

Kamianets-Podilskyi

Kaminskii, Bronislav

Kanał, Izrael

Karpai, Sofia

Karski, Jan

Katyn massacre (1940)

Kaunas, Lithuania

Kazakhstan

collectivization and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

Poland, Soviet occupation of and

Soviet famines and

Kaziniets, Isaei

Kennan, George

Kharkiv, Ukraine

Khartsyzsk, Ukraine

Khrushchev, Nikita

Kiev, Ukraine

Kim Il-Sung

Kirov, Sergei

Kołakowski, Leszek

Koch, Erich

Koestler, Arthur

Korczak, Janusz

Korean War

Kosior, Stanisław

Kostrovitskaia, Vera

Koszewicz, Zeferyna

Kozelsk prisoner of war camp

Krause, Franciszek

Kravchenko, Viktor

Kravets, Lev

Kristallnacht

Krzepicki, Adam

Kube, Wilhelm

Kulaks. See Soviet peasants

Kuperhand, Saul

Kurapaty Forest, Belarus

Kurzmann, Martha

Kyrgyzstan

Łabędź, Maksymilian

Landau, Ludwik

Lange, Herbert

Lapidus, Israel

Large Action (1942)

Latvia

ethnic cleansing of

Final Solution in

German mass murder of Jews in

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

Jews, murder of in

Soviet occupation and annexation of

Latvian Jews

Lejkin, Jakub

Lemkin, Rafał

Lenin, Vladimir

communism and

compromise policy of 1920s and

death of

Hitler, Adolf vs.

Marxism and

nationalism and

Poland and

Soviet peasants and

Leningrad, Soviet Union

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

siege (1941–1944) of

Leninism

Leplevskii, Izrail

Levi, Primo

Levinson, Hanna

Lichtenberg concentration camp

Life and Fate (Grossman)

Lipski, Feliks

Lithuania

ethnic cleansing of

Final Solution and

German mass murder of Jews in

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Jews, execution of in

Jews, murder of in

Soviet occupation and annexation of

Lithuanian Jews

Litvinov, Maxim

Łódź, Poland

Low Countries

See also Belgium; Luxembourg; Netherlands

Łowińska, Maria

Lublin, Poland

Lurie, Wanda

Luxembourg

Lysenko, Yurii

Machine Tractor Stations

Madagascar

Mahileu, Belarus

Majdanek

Makowski, Jerzy

Makowski, Stanisław

Manchester Guardian

Manchukuo

Manchuria

Mao Zedong

Margolius, Rudolf

Marshall Plan

Marx, Karl

history and

Marxism

Matsuoka, Yōsuke

Mauthausen concentration camp

Mazowiecka, Rawa

Mein Kampf (My Struggle) (Hitler)

Meir, Golda

Meyer, Konrad

MGB. See Ministry of State Security

Mickiewicz, Adam

Miete, August

Mikhoels, Solomon

Mikołajczyk, Stanisław

Miłosz, Czesław

Minc, Hilary

Ministry of State Security (MGB)

Minsk, Belarus

Modernization

Moldova

Molotov, Viacheslav

Molotov-Ribbentrop line

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939)

Moscow, Soviet Union

See also Belarus

Moscow show trials (1936–1937)

Moszyńska, Jadwiga

Muggeridge, Malcolm

Munich Pact (1938)

Mussolini, Benito

Muszyński, Marian

Napoleon

Napoleonic Wars

National Armed Forces

National Socialism

anti-Semitism and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Hitler, Adolf and

ideology of

Jews, elimination of and

Soviet Union, destruction of and

Stalinism and

Zionism and

National Socialists

anti-Semitism and

casualties of

Communism and

German concentration camps and

Hitler, Adolf and

peasant question and

racism and

Soviet policy and

Stalinism and

Wehrmacht and

National Socialist German Workers Party

Nationalism

Belarusian

peasant question and

Ukrainian

NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Nazi terror of 1936–1938

Nebe, Artur

Netherlands

New York Times

Night of the Long Knives

Nikolaev, Leonid

NKVD (Soviet secret police)

Great Terror of 1937–1938 and

Jews and

Poland, Soviet occupation of and

Non-Jews

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Norway

Norwid, Cyprian

Nuclear weapons

Nuremberg laws of 1935

October Revolution (1917). See Bolshevik Revolution (1917)

Odessa, Ukraine

OGPU (Soviet state police)

collectivization and

kulaks, liquidation of and

Soviet famines and

“On Anti-Soviet Elements,”

“On the Fascist-Insurgent, Sabotage, Defeatist, and Terrorist Activity of the Polish Intelligence Service in USSR,”

“On the Operations to Repress Former Kulaks, Criminals, and Other Anti-Soviet Elements,”

Operation Bagration

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Cottbus

Operation East

Operation Easter Bunny

Operation Gypsy Baron

Operation Harvest Festival

Operation Hermann

Operation Hornung

Operation Marksman

Operation Priboi

Operation Reinhard

Operation Spring

Operation Swamp Fever

Operation Tannenberg

Operation Tempest

Operation Typhoon

Operation Vistula

Operation West

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt)

Orphanages, orphans

Orthodox Church

Orwell, George

Ostashkov prisoner of war camp

Ottoman Empire

Palestine

Palmiry Forest

Panasenko, Yosyp

Partisan warfare

Paszkiewicz, Eleanora

Pearl Harbor

Peasants. See Soviet peasants

People’s Army

People’s Republic of Mongolia

Piłsudski, Józef

Piwiński, Ludwik

Poalei-Zion Right

Poland

anti-Semitism in

border issues in

collectivization and

communism and

espionage and

ethnic cleansing in

Final Solution and See also Polish Jews

First World War and

General Government in

German control of

German invasion of

German nonaggression declaration with

German occupation of

German-Soviet occupation of

Great Britain and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

ideology of

independence of

intelligentsia of

Japanese cooperation with

Jewish resistance in

liberation of

Polish-Bolshevik War of 1919–1920 and

Russian Revolution (1917) and

Soviet famines and

Soviet invasion of

Soviet liberation of

Soviet nonagression pact with

Soviet occupation of

Soviet Union, encirclement of and

Soviet Union, German invasion of and

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943) in

Warsaw Uprising of August 1944 in

Poles

in Belarus

collectivization and

deportation of

execution of

First World War and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

murder of

Soviet famines and

Ukraine famine of 1933 and

Polish Jews

in Belarus

death factories and

gassing of

ghettos and

Lublin plan for

Madagascar plan and

murder of

Poland, German invasion of and

resistance of

Polish Military Organization

Polish Worker’s Party

Polish-Bolshevik War

Polish-Bolshevik War of 1919–1920

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Politburo (Soviet)

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

kulaks, liquidation of and

Soviet famines and

Soviet peasants and

Popular Front

Potsdam conference

Pravda

Prisoners of war

ethnic cleansing and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Poland, German invasion of and

Polish

Soviet

Warsaw Uprising of August 1944 and

Pronicheva, Dina

Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia

Racism

Hitler, Adolf and

National Socialism and

Radical Party (France)

Raikhman, Lev

Rajchman, Chil

Rájk, Lászlo

Rapallo, Treaty of

Ravensbrück concentration camp

Red Army

Auschwitz, liberation of by

bloodlands and

civil wars and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Poland, German invasion of and

Poland, invasion of and

Poland, occupation of and

Polish-Bolshevik War and

Soviet famines and

Red Cross

The Red Star

Reichsgau Wartheland

Reichstag (German parliament)

Reichstag fire (1933)

Reikhman, Leonid

Reinefarth, Heinz

Religion

Requiem (Akhmatova)

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

Riga, Latvia

Ringelblum, Emanuel

Riumin, Mikhail

Robinson Crusoe (Defoe)

Rodal, Leon

Röhm, Ernst

Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholics

Romania

Romanians

RONA. See Russian Popular Army of Liberation

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Rosenberg, Alfred

Rufeisen, Oswald

Russian Empire

crumbling of

First World War and

Russian General Military Union

Russian Popular Army of Liberation (RONA)

Russian Revolution (1917). See Bolshevik Revolution (1917)

Russians

murder of

Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905

Ruthenia

Słowacki, Juliusz

SA

Sachsenhausen concentration camp

Sammern-Frankenegg, Ferdinand von

Satan

Savhira, Petro

Savicheva, Tania

Scandinavia

Schön, Waldemar

Schuschnigg, Kurt von

Schwede-Coburg, Franz

SD (Sicherheitsdienst)

Second Book (Hitler)

Second World War

Britain and

casualties of

concentration camps, liberation of and

Germany, Soviet defeat of in

Japan and

Poland, German-Soviet invasion of

prisoners of war in

United States and

Warsaw, Poland and

See also German-Soviet war (1941–1945)

Sedentarization

Sen, Amartya

Serbia

Servants of the Victory of Poland

Sèvres, Treaty of

Shcherbakov, Aleksandr

Sheng Shicai

Short Course (Stalin)

Shostakovich, Dmitrii

Show trials (1936–1937)

Shulinskyi, Ivan

Siberia

Sicherheitsdienst (SD). See SD (Sicherheitsdienst)

Sikorski, Władysław

Silesia

Six-Day War (1967)

Škirpa, Kazys

Slánsky, Rudolf

Slavs

See also Belarusians; Poles; Russians; Ukrainians

Slovakia

Slovaks

Slutsk, Belarus

Smolar, Hersh

Sobibór

Sobolewska, Hanna

Sobolewski, Józef

Sochacki, Jerzy

Social Democrats (Germany)

Socialism

collectivization and

Five-Year Plan and

peasant question and

Popular Front and

propaganda and

resistance to

Soviet famines and

Stalin, Joseph and

Solovki concentration camp

Solski, Adam

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander

Sosnowski, Jerzy

Soviet Belarus. See Belarus

Soviet famines

cannibalism and

children and

collectivization and

death toll from

explanation for

family, destruction of and

Five-Year Plan and

Hitler, Adolf and

international awareness of

Japan and

Jews and

OGPU and

peasantry and

Poland and

politburo and

Red Army and

socialism and

Soviet Poles and

Soviet propaganda and

Stalin, Joseph and

suicide and

in Ukraine

United States and

women and

Soviet Jews

murder of

Soviet peasants

collectivization and

deportation of

forced labor and

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

liquidation of

persecution of

Poland, flight to of

religion and

resistance of

Soviet famines and

Stalin, Joseph Five-Year Plan and

Soviet prisoners of war

Belarus and

death factories and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Hitler, Adolf and

killing sites and

as labor

starvation of

Wehrmacht and

Soviet Ukraine. See Ukraine

Soviet Union

anti-Semitism in

British problem and

civil wars in

collapse of

collectivization in

concentration camps in See also Gulag

encirclement of

equality and

ethnic cleansing and

fascism and

First World War and

German alliance with

German-Polish relationship and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Germany, defeat of by

Germany, occupation of by

history and

Hitler, Adolf rise to power and

Holocaust, history of and

industrialization and

Japan and

Jews, murder of in

modernization and

National Socialism and

Poland, invasion of by

Poland, occupation of by

Polish espionage in

Polish nonaggression pact with

Polish prisoners of war in

Polish-Bolshevik War of 1919–1920 and

Rapallo, Treaty of and

Treaty on Borders and Friendship (1939) and

U.S. diplomatic relations with

See also German-Soviet war (1941–1945)

Spain

Spanish Civil war

Special settlements

See also Gulag

Speer, Albert

SS

St. Germain, Treaty of

Stalin, Joseph

agricultural policy of

anti-Semitism and

Belarus and

collectivization and

economic policies of

ethnic cleansing and

fascism and

Five-Year Plan and

German-Polish relationship and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Great Terror of 1937–1938 and

history and

Hitler, Adolf alliance with

Hitler, Adolf and

Hitler, Adolf betrayal of

Hitler, Adolf rise to power and

Hitler, Adolf vs.

Holocaust and

industrialization and

Japan anad

Korean War and

modernization and

Munich Pact (1938) and

nationalism and

NKVD and

peasant question and

Poland, invasion of and

purges of

rise to power of

show trials and

socialism and

Soviet famines and

Soviet-German relations and

Ukraine and

Stalinism

casualties of

crimes of

National Socialism and

Stalino, Ukraine

Stangl, Franz

Starobilsk prisoner of war camp

Stars of David

Stroop, Jürgen

Strykowski, Michał

Sudetenland

Sugihara, Chiune

Suicide

Swastikas

Światło, Józef

Szerzyński, Józef

Szklarska Poręba

Szulcman, Gitla

TASS news agency

Taxation

The Tin Drum (Grass)

Tito (Josip Broz)

Todorov, Tsvetan

Torture

Totalitarianism

Trawniki

Treaty of Berlin (1926)

Treaty of Rapallo

Treaty of Sèvres

Treaty of St. Germain

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Treaty on Borders and Friendship (1939)

Treblinka

deportation to

liberation of

Trianon, Treaty of

Troikas

Great Terror of 1937 and 1938 and

kulaks, liquidation of and

Polish prisoners of war and

Trotsky, Leon

Truman, Harry

Tsanava, Lavrenty

Turks

Ukraine

anti-Polish campaign in

anti-Semitism in

civil wars in

communist party in

Final Solution and

Generalplan Ost and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Great Terror of 1937–1938 and

Hitler, Adolf and

Hunger Plan and

Japan and

Jews in

nationalism in

Polish prisoners of war in

Soviet famines in

Soviet prisoners of war in

Soviet Union, German invasion of and

Ukrainian Military Organization

Ukrainians

murder of

Soviet famines and

Umschlagplatz

UN. See United Nations

Union of Armed Struggle

United Nations (UN)

United States

anti-Semitism in

bloodlands and

concentration camps, liberation of by

death factories and

First World War and

Jews and

Korean War and

Poland, liberation of and

Second World War and

Soviet diplomatic relations with

Soviet famines and

UPA

Ural Mountains

Uspenskii, A. I.

Uzbekistan

Veldii, Petro

Vienna, Austria

Vilnius, Lithuania

Vishniatskaia, Junita

Volkovskaia, Rosalia

Volodymyr Volynskyi women’s camp

Voroshilov, Kliment

Vovsi, Miron

Vyshynskii, Andrei

Waffen-SS

Wagner, Edouard

Wandurski, Witold

Warsaw, Poland

Warsaw Ghetto, Poland

Concentration Camp Warsaw and

destruction of

Jewish resistance in

liquidation of

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943)

Warsaw Uprising of August 1944

Webb, Beatrice

Wehrmacht

bloodlands and

Final Solution and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Hunger Plan and

National Socialism and

Poland, German invasion of and

Soviet prisoners of war and

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and

Weimar Republic

Weinstein, Edward

Weissberg, Alexander

West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)

Wiernik, Yankiel

Wiesel, Elie

Wilczyńska, Stefania

Willenberg, Tamara and Itta

Wilner, Aryeh

Wirth, Christian

Wnuk, Bolesław and Jakub

Wola (neighbordhood in Warsaw)

Women

death factories and

Final Solution and

German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and

Poland, German invasion of and

Soviet Union, German invasion of and

World War II. See Second World War

Wyganowski, Stanisław

Yagoda, Genrikh

Yalta Conference

Yezhov, Nikolai

Young Communists

Yugoslavia

Zhdanov, Andrei

Zhemchuzhina, Polina

Zinoviev, Grigory

Zionism, Zionists

Zorin, Sholem

Zvierieva, Wanda

Zygielbojm, Shmuel

Zylberberg, Michaeł