Footnotes

1

Kisama, ore, and omae mean, respectively, “you,” “I,” and, again “you.” They have a rugged, masculine sound in Japanese and would be more commonly used among soldiers, sailors, and so on. (In Japanese there are a number of equivalents for any given English personal pronoun; their usage can vary according to gender, degree of formality, and so on.)

2

The China Incident is a reference to the fighting between Japanese forces and nationalist Chinese forces in July of 1937 at the Marco Polo Bridge (near Beijing), which sparked the Sino-Japanese War (1937-45).

3

These words all have either slightly feminine or informal connotations, hence their disuse in military contexts. Boku is a first-person pronoun (“I”); kimi, a second-person pronoun (“you”); ne is in this context roughly equivalent to “to be”; tono, a suffix sometimes applied to names as an honorific.

4

Wang Ching-wei (1883-1944), rival of Chiang Kai-shek, was head of the government established in Nanking to administer Japanese-occupied China; he lived in Japan during the war and died in Nagoya.

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