CAUGHT IN THE REVOLUTION Petrograd, Russia, 1917— A World on the Edge - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Helen Rappaport (ч. 5)

25 For accounts of this episode, see: Wright, 143; Gordon, Russian Year, 254–5; Barnes, 266–7; Francis, 179; see also Kennan, Russia Leaves the War, 71–2.

26 Pipes, Russian Revolution, 492.

27 Williams, 100–1.

28 lbid., 101, 102, 103.

29 Reed, 98.

30 Beatty, 193.

31 Reed, 100.

32 Beatty, 202.

33 Williams, 11; Bryant, 83.

34 Beatty, 204; Reed, 105.

35 Bryant, 84–6.

36 Beatty, 210; Bryant, 86.

37 Beatty, 210; Bryant, 86–7; Rhys Williams, 119; Reed, 108.

38 Bryant, 87; Beatty, 211; Williams, 119.

39 Beatty, 212, 213, 215.

40 Williams, 122; see also Bryant, 88; Reed, 109.

41 Fuller, Journal, 29.

42 Crosley, 202, 200.

43 Ibid., 204.

44 Bruce, Silken Dalliance, 163–4.

45 Crosley, 208.

46 Nostitz, Romance and Revolutions, 195–6; see also Stites, Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, 299–300; Tyrkova-Williams, From Liberty to Brest-Litovsk, 256–9.

47 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 183.

48 Dissolution, 251; Brun, Troublous Times, 14.

49 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 183; Crosley, 209, 210.

50 Robien, 136.

51 Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 413.

52 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 183; Dissolution, 251.

53 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 184; Dissolution, 251; Knox, With the Russian Army, 713.

54 Tyrkova-Williams, From Liberty to Brest-Litovsk, 25.

55 Williams, 126, 129.

56 Reed, 128.

57 Williams, 130.

58 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 241.

59 Beatty, 217.

60 Williams, 144; Beatty, see Chapter 12; Philips Price, 151–4; Crosley, 211.

61 Beatty, 226.

62 lbid., 229, 237; Williams, 149.

63 Beatty, 235; Williams, 149.

64 Beatty, 233–4.

65 Ibid., 237; Williams, 149; Reed, 184.

66 Reed, 182.

67 Ibid., 183.

68 lbid., 183, 184.

69 Nostitz, Romance and Revolutions, 195–6.

70 Brun, Troublous Times, 18, 20.

71 Robien, 137.

72 Petrograd, 200; Mission, 212.

73 Beatty, 225. Forty-four boys and three of their officers captured at the Vladimirsky were taken away to the fortress at Kronstadt; 129 cadets from the Telephone Exchange were locked up in the Peter and Paul Fortress. See A. Mitrofanov, Za spasenie rodiny, a ne revolyutsii: Vosstanie yunkerov v Petrograde 29 Oktyabrya 1917 g., http://rusk.ru/vst.php?idar=419873

74 Robien, 142.

15 ‘Crazy People Killing Each Other Just Like We Swat Flies at Home’

1 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 146–7; Francis, 188–9.

2 Rogers, 3:9, 181.

3 Ibid., 181-2.

4 Wright, 149–50.

5 Letter of 21 November (4 December), quoted in Cordasco (Woodhouse), online memoir.

6 Dissolution, 263; Mission, 239; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 187.

7 Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 424.

8 Mission, 218, 219; Lady Georgina Buchanan, ‘From the Petrograd Embassy’, 21.

9 Barnes, 277; Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 425.

10 Barnes, 281; Wright, 283; Barnes, 283.

11 Robien, 147.

12 Patouillet, 2:368.

13 Robien, 147.

14 For a description of this, see Doty, Behind the Battle Line, 77–9, and Keeling, Bolshevism, 111–15.

15 Beatty, 293.

16 Rogers, 3:9, 182; Rogers, Wine of Fury, 262–3.

17 See Rogers, 3:9, 191, 190.

18 Robien, 160, 177.

19 Ibid., 166.

20 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 185–6; Cordasco (Woodhouse), online memoir.

21 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 144–5.

22 Crosley, 213; Rogers, Wine of Fury, 261.

23 Robien, 170.

24 Salzman, Reform and Revolution, 198, 383.

25 Robien, 147.

26 Beatty, 322.

27 Letter to Annie Pulliam, quoted in Barnes, 271–2.

28 Ibid.

29 Beatty, 330, 332.

30 Ibid., 331; De Robien, 163–4.

31 Beatty, 332.

32 Ibid., 331.

33 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 249.

34 Robien, 164; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 188.

35 Rogers, 3:9, 205.

36 Dissolution, 266; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 188.

37 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 188; Rogers, 3:9, 199.

38 Robien, 176.

39 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 189–90.

40 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 150.

41 Lunacharsky, quoted in Mark Schrad, Vodka Politics: Alcohol. Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State, New York: OUP, 2014, 202.

42 Rogers, Wine of Fury, 216; Rogers, 3:9, 199; Robien, 164.

43 Robien, 164, 175, 166–7.

44 Garstin, ‘Denis Garstin and the Russian Revolution’, 596.

45 Crosley, 210; Pax, 44, 72–3.

46 Crosley, 230, 231.

47 Rogers, 3:9, 203.

48 Mission, 239.

49 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 150.

50 Beatty, 386.

51 Ibid., 387.

52 Fuller, Journal, 47.

53 Beatty, 390; Fuller, Journal, 47. Mildred Farwell, another unsung American female journalist, was based on the Eastern Front during World War I. She published articles for the Public Ledger on Serbia and elsewhere in the Balkans, and on Petrograd for the Chicago Tribune.

54 Fuller, Journal, 47–8, Fuller, Letters, 52; Rogers, 3:9, 211.

55 Gerhardie letter, quoted in Pitcher, Witnesses of the Russian Revolution, 263.

56 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 191; see also Dissolution, 273.

57 Rogers, 3:10, 213; Fuller, Journal, 48.

58 Rogers, 3:10, 214.

59 Ibid., 214–15.

60 Ibid., 215; Fuller, Letters, 54.

61 Rogers, 3:10, 218, 220. The Bolsheviks were still occupying the bank when Rogers finally left Petrograd in February 1918.

62 Stinton Jones, ‘The Czar Looked Over My Shoulder’, 106–8.

63 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 191.

64 Ibid., 192; Dissolution, 276–7.

65 Dissolution, 275.

66 Mission, 247.

67 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 253–4; Bousfield Swan Lombard, letter to his wife 2 January 1918, courtesy John Carter.

68 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 150.

69 Crosley, 264.

70 Rogers, 3:10, 223.

71 Ibid., 224.

Postscript: The Forgotten Voices of Petrograd

1 See Mission, Chapter XXXV; Ambassador’s Daughter, 201–8.

2 For their life in Rome, see Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, Chapter XVII.

3 For a discussion of the Romanov asylum issue, see Helen Rappaport, Ekaterinburg: The Last Days of the Romanovs, London: Hutchinson, 2008, 147–51.

4 See Roy Bainton, Honoured by Strangers: Captain Cromie’s Extraordinary First War, London: Constable & Robinson, 2002, Chapter 22; Oudendyk, Ways and By-Ways of Diplomacy, Chapter XXVII.

5 Cross, ‘Corner of a Foreign Field’, 354.

6 Francis, 235.

7 Letter of 18 January 1918 (NS), quoted in Barnes, 300.

8 See Harper Barnes, ‘Russian Rhapsody: A Small City North of Moscow Opens a Museum to Honour a Former St Louis Mayor’, St Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 August 1997. Some photographs of the interior and the museum’s exhibits can be seen at http://ruspics.livejournal.com/572095.html

9 Barnes, 373. For Francis and Jordan in Russia after Petrograd, see Barnes, Chapters 19–21.

10 See Barnes, 405–7; ‘D. R. Francis Valet Dies in California, St Louis Post-Dispatch, 1941.

11 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 166–7.

12 Crosley, 221.

13 Lindley, untitled memoirs, 96.

14 Bousfield Swan Lombard, letters to his wife 26 June, 17 March, 19 February 1918, courtesy John Carter.

15 Hawkins, ‘Through War to Revolution with Dosch-Fleurot’, Afterword, 105.

16 Marcosson, Before I Forget, 330, 340; see also ibid., Chapter 12, ‘Trotsky and the Bolsheviks’.

17 Williams, Shadow of Tyranny, 318–19.

18 Syndicated to the Topeka Capital as ‘Thompson Risks Life to Film Russian Revolution Scenes’, 30 September 1917.

19 ‘Woman Saw Revolution Begin’, Boston Sunday Globe, 30 June 1918.

20 See Rogers’s account in Rogers, 3:10, 251–61.

21 Interview with Rogers’s great-niece, Charlotte Roe, 2005, for the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, 12–13, http://www.adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Roe,%20Charlotte.toc.pdf

22 ‘Missouri Negro in Russia is “Jes a Honin’ for Home”’, Wabash Daily Plain Dealer, 29 September 1916.

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Please note that some of the links referenced in this work are no longer active.

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Wharton, Paul [pseudonym of Philip H. Chadbourn], ‘The Russian Ides of March: A Personal Narrative’, Atlantic Monthly, 120, July 1917, 21–30.

Whipple, George Chandler, ‘Chance for Young Americans in the Development of Russia’, Literary Digest, 26 January 1918, 47–51.

Wood, Joyce, ‘The Revolution outside Her Window: New Light shed on the March 1917 Russian Revolution from the papers of VAD nurse Dorothy N. Seymour’, Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association, 2005, 71–86.

SECONDARY SOURCES

Books

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Allison, W., American Diplomats in Russia: Case Studies in Orphan Diplomacy 1916–1919, Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Almedingen, E. M., Tomorrow Will Come, London: John Lane, 1946.

—— I Remember St Petersburg, London: Longmans Young, 1969.

Babey, Anna Mary, Americans in Russia 1776–1917: A Study of the American Travellers in Russia from the American Revolution to the Russian Revolution, New York: Comet Press, 1938.

Basily, Lascelle Meserve de, Memoirs of a Lost World, Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1975.

Bolshevik Propaganda. Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 65th Congress 3rd Session … Feb 11 to March 10 1919, US Government Printing Office, 1919.

Brennan, Hugh G., Sidelights on Russia, London: D. Nutt, 1918.

Brogan, Hugh, The Life of Arthur Ransome, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985.

Brown, Douglas, Doomsday 1917: The Destruction of Russia’s Ruling Class, Newton Abbott: Reader’s Union, 1976.

Chambers, Roland, The Last Englishman: The Double Life of Arthur Ransome, London: Faber & Faber, 2009.

Chessin, Serge de, Au Pays de la démence rouge: La Révolution russe (1917–1918), Paris: Librairie Plon, 1919.

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Clarke, William, Hidden Treasures of the Romanovs: Saving the Royal Jewels, Edinburgh: National Museum of Scotland, 2009.

Coates, Tim, The Russian Revolution, 1917, London: HM Stationery Office, 2000.

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Desmond, Robert W., Windows on the World: The Information Press in a Changing Society 1900–1920, Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1980.

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Ferguson, Harry, Operation Kronstadt, London: Hutchinson, 2008.

Figes, Orlando, A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924, London: Jonathan Cape, 1996.

Filene, Peter G., American Views of Soviet Russia 1917–65, Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press, 1968.

Foglesong, David, America’s Secret War against Bolshevism: US Intervention in the Russian Civil War 1917–1920, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

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Gerhardie, William, Memoirs of a Polyglot, London: Duckworth, 1931.

Gordon, Alban, Russian Year: A Calendar of the Revolution, London: Cassell & Co., 1935.

Hagedorn, Hermann, The Magnate William Boyce Thompson and His Times, New York: Reytnal & Hitchcock, 1935.

Harmer, Michael, The Forgotten Hospital, Chichester: Springwood Books, 1982.

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Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, The February Revolution, Petrograd, 1917, Washington: University of Washington Press, 1981.

—— ‘Crime, Police, and Mob Justice in Petrograd during the Russian Revolutions of 1917’, in Rex A. Wade, ed., Revolutionary Russia: New Approaches, London: Routledge, 2004.

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Herval, René, Huit mois de révolution russe (Juin 1917–Janvier 1918), Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1919.

Homberger, Eric, John Reed. Lives of the Left, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990.

Howe, Sonia Elisabeth, Real Russians, London: S. Low, Marston, 1918.

Hughes, Michael, Inside the Enigma: British Officials in Russia 1900–1939, London: Hambledon Press, 1997.

Kehler, Henning, The Red Garden: Experiences in Russia, London: Gyldendal, 1922.

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Kettle, Michael, The Allies and the Russian collapse March 1917–March 1918; London: André Deutsch, 1981.

Lange, Christian Louis, Russia and the Revolution and the War: An Account of a Visit to Petrograd and Helsingfors in March 1917, New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1917.

Lehman, Daniel, John Reed and the Writing of Revolution, Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1997.

Lincoln, Bruce, In War’s Dark Shadow: The Russians before the Great War, New York: Dial Press, 1983.

—— Passage Through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution 1914–18, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

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Mackenzie, Midge, Shoulder to Shoulder, A Documentary, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.

Marcosson, Isaac Frederick, Adventures in Interviewing, New York: John Lane, 1919.

—— Turbulent Years, New York: Dodd Mead & Co., 1938.

Marye, George R., Russia Observed: Nearing the End in Imperial Russia, Philadelphia: Dorranee & Co., 1929.

Maugham, Somerset, Ashenden, London: Vintage Classics, 2000.

Merry, Rev. W. Mansell, Two Months in Russia July–September 1914, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1916.

Metcalf, H. E., On Britains Business, London Rich & Cowan, 1943.

Mitchell, David J., Women on the Warpath: The Story of Women in the First World War, London: Jonathan Cape, 1966.

Mohrenschildt, D. von, The Russian Revolution of 1917: Contemporary Accounts, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Moorhead, Caroline, Dunant’s Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross, London: HarperCollins, 1998.

Morgan, Ted, Somerset Maugham, London: Jonathan Cape, 1980.

Nadeau, Ludovic, Le Dessous du chaos Russe, Paris: Hachette, 1920.

Paget, Stephen, A Short Account of the Anglo-Russian Hospital in Petrograd, London, n.p., 1917.

Pearlstein, Edward W., Revolution in Russia as Reported in the NY Tribune and NY Herald 1894–1921, New York: Viking Press, 1967.

Pethybridge, Roger, Witnesses to the Russian Revolution, New York: Citadel Press, 1967.

Pipes, Richard, The Russian Revolution 1899–1919, London: Fontana Press, 1992.

Pitcher, Harvey, When Miss Emmie Was in Russia: English Governesses Before, During and After the October Revolution, Cromer: Swallow House Books, 1978.

Pollock, Sir John, War and Revolution in Russia, London: Constable & Co., 1918.

Poole, DeWitt Clinton, An American Diplomat in Bolshevik Russia, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014.

Poutiatine, Olga, War and Revolution: Extracts from the Letters and Diaries of the Countess Olga Poutiatine, Tallahassee, FL: Diplomatic Press, 1971.

Powell, Anne, Women in the War Zone: Hospital Service in the Great War, Stroud: The History Press, 2009.

Purvis, June, Emmeline Pankhurst, A Biography, London: Routledge, 2003.

—— ‘Mrs Pankhurst and the Great War’, in Fell and Sharp, The Women’s Movement in Wartime.

Rappaport, Helen, Conspirator: Lenin in Exile 1900–1917, London: Hutchinson, 2009.

Rivet, Charles, The Last of the Romanofs, London: Constable & Co., 1918.

Rosenstone, Robert A., Romantic Revolutionary: A Biography of John Reed, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975.

Sadoul, Captain Jacques, Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, October 1917–Janvier 1919, Paris: Éditions de la Sirène, 1919.

Salisbury, Harrison E., Black Night, White Snow: Russia’s Revolutions 1905–1917, London: Cassell, 1978.

Sanders, Jonathan, Russia 1917: The Unpublished Revolution, New York: Abbeville Press, 1989.

Saul, Norman E., Life and Times of Charles Richard Crane 1858–1939, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013.

Seeger, Murray, Discovering Russia: 200 Years of American Journalism, Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2005.

Service, Robert, Spies and Commissars: Bolshevik Russia and the West, London: Macmillan, 2012.

Shelley, Gerald, Speckled Domes, London: Duckworth, 1925.

Sisson, Edgar Grant, One Hundred Red Days: A Personal Chronicle of the Bolshevik Revolution, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1931.

Smele, Jonathan D., The Russian Revolution and Civil War 1917–1921: An Annotated Bibliography, London: Continuum, 2003.

Steffens, Lincoln, Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens, vol. 2: Muckraking. Revolution, Seeing America at Last, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1958.

Steveni, William Barnes, Petrograd Past and Present, London: Grant Richards, 1915.

Stites, Richard, Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia: Feminism, Nihilism and Bolshevism, 1860–1930, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Swann, Herbert, Home on the Neva: A Life of a British Family in Tsarist St Petersburg, and After the Revolution, London: Gollancz, 1968.

Thurstan, Violetta, Field Hospital and Flying Column, Being the Journal of an English Nursing Sister in Belgium and Russia, London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915.

—— The People Who Run, Being the Tragedy of the Refugees in Russia, London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1916.

Tyrkova-Williams, Ariadna, From Liberty to Brest-Litovsk, London: Macmillan & Co., 1919.

—— Cheerful Giver: The Life of Harold Williams, London: P. Davies, 1935.

Walpole, Hugh, The Secret City, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1997 [1919].

Wilcox, E. H., Russia’s Ruin, New York: Scribner’s, 1919.

Williams, Harold, Russia of the Russians, London: Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1920.

Windt, Harry de, Russia as I Know It, London: Chapman & Hall, 1917.

Winter, Ella and Hicks, Granville, Letters of Lincoln Steffens, vol. 1: 1889–1919, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1938.

Newspaper & magazine articles

‘The Anglo-Russian Hospital’, British Journal of Nursing, 9 October 1915, 293–4.

Barnes, Harper, ‘Russian Rhapsody: A Small City North of Moscow Opens a Museum to Honor a Former St Louis Mayor’, St Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 August 1997.

Birkmyre, Robert, ‘The Anglo-Russian Bureau in Petrograd’, Review of Reviews, 55, 1917, 262–3.

‘Bolsheviki at Russia’s Throat’, Literary Digest, 55, October–December 1917, 9–11.

Britannia [formerly The Suffragette], June–November 1917.

Bullard, Arthur, ‘The Russian Revolution in a Police Station’, Harper’s Magazine, CXXXVI, 1918, 335–40.

Chatterjee, Choi, ‘Odds and Ends of the Russian Revolution, 1917–1920’, Journal of Women’s History 20:4, Winter 2008, 10–33.

Colton, Ethan, ‘With the YMCA in Revolutionary Russia’, Russian Review, 2: XXIV, April 1955, 128–39.

Corse, Frederick, ‘An American’s Escape from Russia. Parleying with the Reds and the Whites’, The World’s Work, 36:5, 1918, 553–60.

Cross, Antony, ‘Forgotten British Places in Petrograd’, Europa Orientalis, 5:1, 2004, 135–47.

Feist, Joe Michael, ‘Railways and Politics: The Russian Diary of George Gibbs 1917’, Wisconsin Magazine of History, 62:3, Spring 1979, 178–99.

Hunter, T. Murray, ‘Sir George Bury and the Russian Revolution’, Rapports annuels de la Société historique du Canada, 44:1, 1965, 58–70.

Jansen, Marc, ‘L.H. Grondijs and Russia: The acts and opinions of a Dutch White Guard’, Revolutionary Russia, 7:1, 1994, 20–33.

Jones, R. Jeffreys, ‘W. Somerset Maugham, Anglo-American Agent in Revolutionary Russia’, American Quarterly, 28:1, 1976, 90–106.

Karpovich, M., ‘The Russian Revolution of 1917’, Journal of Modern History, 2:2, 1930, 258–80.

‘Lady Georgina Buchanan’, obituary, The Times, 26 April 1922.

McGlashan, Z. B., ‘Women Witness the Russian Revolution: Analysing Ways of Seeing’, Journalism History, 12:2, 1995, 54–61.

Mason, Gregory, ‘Russia’s Refugees’, Outlook, 112, 19 January 1916, 141–4.

Mohrenschildt, Dimitri von, ‘The Early American Observers of the Russian Revolution’, Russian Review 3(1), Autumn 1943, 64–74.

Mohrenschildt is also author of ‘Lincoln Steffens and the Russian Bolshevik Revolution’, Russian Review, 5:1, 1945, 31–41.

Neilson, K., ‘“Joy Rides?” British Intelligence and Propaganda in Russia 1914–1917’, Historical Journal, 24:4, 1981, 885–906.

Sokoloff, Jean, ‘The Dissolution of Petrograd’, Atlantic Monthly, 128, 1921, 843–50.

Urquhart, Leslie, ‘Some Russian Realities’, Littell’s Living Age, 296, 1918, 137–44.

Varley, Martin, ‘The Thornton Woollen Mill, St Petersburg’, History Today, 44:12, December 1994, 62.

Walpole, Hugh, ‘Pen Portrait of Somerset Maugham’, Vanity Fair, 13:4, 1920, 47–9.

Williams, Harold, ‘Petrograd’, Slavonic Review, 2:4, June 1923, 14–35.

Wynn, Marion, ‘Romanov connections with the Anglo-Russian Hospital in Petrograd’, Royalty Digest, 139, January 2003, 214–19.

Index

The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

Academy of Art, Petrograd

accommodation shortages

Admiralty Gardens, Petrograd

African Americans

alcohol

Alexander II

Alexander III

Alexander Nevsky Monastery, Petrograd

Alexander Palace, Tsarskoe Selo

Alexandra Feodorovna

Alexandra, Queen

Alexandrinsky Theatre, Petrograd

Alexandrovsky Military Academy Petrograd

Alexey Nikolaevich, Tsarevich

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

All Russian Congress of Soviets

American Church, Petrograd

American Colony Hospital, Petrograd

American International Corporation

anarchists

Andrews, Louisette

Anet, Claude

Anglican Church, Petrograd

Anglo-Russian Hospital, Petrograd

Anglo-Russian Propaganda Bureau

Anichkov Bridge, Petrograd

anneksiya

anti-Semitism

Arbenina, Stella (Baroness Meyedorff)

Archangel, Russia

Armour, Norman

Army and Navy Hall, Petrograd

‘Around the World in Wartime’

Arsenal, Petrograd

Artillery Department, Petrograd

Ashenden (Maugham)

Associated Press

Astor family

Astoria, see Hotel Astoria

Astrakhan, Russia

astrakhan hats

atheism

Aurora

Austria-Hungary

Axelbank, Hermann

bacon

Baku, Azerbaijan

Bakunin, Mikhail Alexandrovich

balalaika

Balfour, Arthur

ballet

Baltic fleet, see under Russian Navy

Baltic Station, Petrograd

Baring, John, 2nd Baron Revelstoke

baseball

Bastille, Paris

Bathurst family

Battle of Mons (1914)

Battle of the Somme (1916)

Battle of Verdun (1916)

‘bayonetocracy’

Beatty, Bessie

Beatty, Warren

Belarus

Belgium

Bell syndicate

Beloostrov, Petrograd

Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace, Petrograd, see also Anglo-Russian Hospital

Beringer, Guy

Berkman, Alexander

Bicycle Battalion

Blanqui, Louis Auguste

Bliss, Clinton A.

BloodStained Russia (Thompson)

Bloody Sunday (1905)

Bochkareva, Maria

Bologoe, Russia

Bolsheviks

Boris Godunov (Mussorgsky)

Boris Vladimirovich, Grand Duke

Boston Red Sox

Boston Sunday Globe

bourgeoisie

Bowerman, Elsie

bread, bread protests

Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918)

bribery

bridge (game)

Brisac, Auguste

Britain, British embassy

1910 Buchanan becomes ambassador to Russia

1916 opening of Anglo-Russian Hospital; Buchanan visits Tsar at Tsarskoe Selo

1917 New Year diplomatic reception at Catherine Palace, Allied conference in Petrograd, Buchanan visits Pokrovsky, Buchanan refuses Freedericksz family refuge, recognition of Russian Provisional Government, Labour Party representatives visit Petrograd, Henderson sent to Petrograd, Pankhurst visits Petrograd, British Colony Hospital offers refuge to expat community, expats begin fleeing Petrograd, Maugham sent to Petrograd for SIS, Buchanans prepare to leave Petrograd, Knox negotiates with Bolsheviks over Women’s Battalion, cadets smuggled out of Petrograd, Trotsky refuse exit permits for expats, assassination threats against Buchanan, Christmas celebrations; farewell for Buchanans, Buchanans leave Petrograd

1918 closure of Anglo-Russian Hospital, Red Guards raid embassy; diplomats arrested

Britannia

British Armoured Car Division

British Colony Hospital, Petrograd

British Foreign Office

British Propaganda Bureau, Petrograd

British Russian Luncheon Club

Brocard, Henri

Brooke, Lord, see Greville, Francis

Bruce, Henry James

Brusilov, Aleksey Alekseevich

Bryant, Louise

Buchanan, Sir Andrew

Buchanan, Sir George

Buchanan, Lady Georgina

Buchanan, Meriel

de Buisseret, Conrad

Bukovina

Bullard, Arthur

Bullitt, William

Bury, George

Cadet Corps

cadets, see under Committee for Salvation of Country and Revolution

Café de la Grave, Petrograd

Café de Paris, Petrograd

Café Donon, Petrograd

Café Empire, Petrograd

California, United States

Canada

Cantacuzène-Speransky, Julia (Julia Dent Grant)

Cantacuzène-Speransky, Prince Mikhail

Caspian Sea

de Castelnau, see Édouard, Noël

Catherine II the Great

Catherine Hall, Tauride Palace

Catherine Palace, Tsarskoe Selo

Caucasus

caviar

censorship

Central Post Office, Petrograd

Central Telegraph Office, Petrograd

Central Telephone Exchange, Petrograd

Chaadaev, Petr

Chadbourn, Esther

Chadbourn, Philip

Chaliapin, Feodor

de Chambrun, Charles

champagne

Chaplin, Charlie

Chaucer, Geoffrey

Che-Ka (Chrezvychainaya Komissiya)

Chekhov, Anton

cherkeska

Chernov, Viktor

Chicago Tribune

children

arming of

killing of

poverty

China

cholera

Chopin, Frédéric

Christian Science Monitor

Christian, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein

Christianity

Christmas

Church of the Resurrection, Petrograd

cigarettes

Cinematograph

Circassians

Circular Hall, Tauride Palace

Cirque Moderne, Petrograd

Clare, Rev. Joseph

Clerk, George

Cleveland, Grover

Coats of Paisley

coffee

Committee for Salvation of Country and Revolution

Congregational Church, Petrograd

Constantinople, Ottoman Empire

Constituent Assembly

Constitutional Democrats

Contant’s restaurant, Petrograd

corsets

Cossacks

Cotton, Dorothy

Council of People’s Commissars

de Cram, Matilda

Crime and Punishment (Dostoevsky)

Crimea

Crimean War (1853–6)

Cromie, Francis

Crosley, Pauline

Crosley, Walter

Cross of St George

‘Czar, Revolution, Bolsheviks’ (Rogers)

Dailey, Arthur

Daily Chronicle

Daily Mail

Daily Mirror

Daily News

Daily Telegraph

Darkest Siberia (Kennon)

Dearing, Fred

Death of Ivan the Terrible (Alexey Tolstoy)

Decree on Land (1917)

Democratic Congress (1917)

Democratic Party (US)

Destrée, Jules

Diamandi, Constantine

Diaz, Porfirio

disease

Dissolution of an Empire (Meriel Buchanan)

District Court, Petrograd

Dmitri Pavlovich, Grand Duke

Don Quixote

Don region, Russia

Dorr, Rheta Childe

Dosch-Fleurot, Arno

Dostoevsky, Fyodor

Doumergue, Gaston

Dowager Empress, see Maria Feodorovna

Dracula (Stoker)

droshkies

Duma

Dvinsk, Latvia

dysentery

Eastman Company

Édouard, Noël, Vicomte de Curières de Castelnau

Edward VII

Egerton Hubbard & Co.

Eisenstein, Sergey

Ekaterinburg, Russia

Ekaterininsky Canal, Petrograd

electricity

Elisabeth ‘Ella’, Grand Duchess

Elizabeth, Empress

emigration

Engelhardt, Boris

Engineer Battalion

English Church, Petrograd

English Club, Petrograd

English Embankment, Petrograd

English language

English Shop, Petrograd

Estonia

Evening Mail

Everybody’s Magazine

Evgeniy Onegin (Tchaikovsky)

Executive Committee of Duma

Fairbanks, Douglas

Falconet, Étienne Maurice

faraony

Farson, Negley

Farwell, Mildred

February Revolution

Putilov lockout, Women’s Day protests; bread-riots, Putilov strike begins, looting begins, troops and faraony ordered to clear crowds, Cossacks side with protesters, looting of Pekar’s patisserie, Tsar informed of disturbances, Khabalov institutes draconian measures to control city, violence near Anichkov Bridge, massacre at Znamensky Square, Pavlovsky Regiment mutiny, party at Princess Radziwill’s palace, Duma prorogued, Red Monday mutinies and violence, Tsar announces plans to return, Duma forms Provisional Executive Committee; orders arrest of Council of Ministers, formation of Petrograd Soviet, Baltic fleet mutiny at Kronstadt, violence at Hotel Astoria, killing of Stackelberg, surrender of Arsenal, Duma and Soviet negotiate at Tauride Palace; arrests of tsarist ministers, militia formed to keep peace, abdication of Tsar, Provisional Government formed, destruction of imperial insignia, Allies recognise Provisional Government; diplomats received at Mariinsky Palace, funeral held for casualties

feminism, see also women’s rights

Field of Mars, Petrograd

Filippov’s bakery, Petrograd

Finland

Finland Station, Petrograd

Finnish Regiment

Fleurot, Arno see under Dosch-Fleurot, Arno

Fontanka River Embankment

food shortages

Ford

France, French embassy

1789 Revolution

1848 Revolution

Francis, David Rowland

Francis, Jane

Francis, Perry

Freedericksz, Baron Vladimir Borisovich

freedom of speech

French Embankment, Petrograd

French language

From Tsar to Lenin

Fuller, John Louis

Furshtatskaya, Petrograd

Fyfe, Hamilton

Galicia (Eastern Europe)

gambling

Garstin, Denis

gas gangrene

Gatchina, Russia

Gavriil Konstantinovich, Prince

Gaylord, Franklin

General Staff College, Petrograd

George V

Gerhardie, William

German Curse in Russia, The (Thompson)

Germany

Gibson, William J.

Gogol, Nikolay Vasilievich

Gogolskaya, Petrograd

Golder, Frank

golf

Golitsyn, Nikolai Dmitriyevich

Goremykin, Ivan

Gorokhovaya, Petrograd

Government Inspector, The (Gogol)

Grabbe, Mikhail

Graflex cameras

gramophones

Grant, Julia, see Cantcuzène-Speransky, Julia

Grant, Lilias

Grant, Ulysses

Grebetskaya, Petrograd

Greenwich Village, New York

Grenadersky Barracks, Petrograd

grenades

Greville, Francis, Lord Brooke

Grey, Sir Edward

Grey, Lady Sybil

Guard Equipage

Guchkov, Alexander

Gumberg, Alexander

gyroscopic cameras

H.H.H.s (‘helpless, hopeless, hystericals’)

Hall, Bert

hand-grenades

Harper, Florence

Harper, Samuel

Heald, Edward

Hegan, Edith

Helena, Princess

Henderson, Arthur

Hercules, Jim

Hermitage Museum, Petrograd

Hitler, Adolf

Hog Alley, Jefferson

Hotel Astoria, Petrograd

Hotel d’Angleterre, Petrograd

Hotel d’Europe, Petrograd

Hotel de France, Petrograd

Hotel Metropole, Moscow

Houghteling, James

House of Preliminary Detention, Petrograd

Hubbard, Egerton

L’Idée de Françoise (Paul Gavault)

ikons

imperial insignia

Imperial Yacht Club

Indianapolis, Indiana

Industrial Workers of the World

Inside the Russian Revolution (Dorr)

International Harvester

International Women’s Day

‘Internationale’

internment camps

Iskra

Islam

Italy

Izmailovsky Prospekt, Petrograd

Izmailovsky Regiment

Izvestiya

izvozchiki, see under droshkies

Japan

Jefferson, Geoffrey

Jefferson, Missouri

Jewish people

Jordan, Philip

Journal de St-Pétersbourg

Judson, William J.

July Days

Kadets

Kalmyks

Kamenev, Lev

Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, Petrograd

Kantemirovsky Palace, Petrograd

Karsavina, Tamara

kasha

Kazan Cathedral, Petrograd

Keeling, Henry

Keksgolmsky Regiment

Kenney, Jessie

Kennon, George

Kerby, Edith

Kerensky, Alexander

Khabalov, Sergey

Kiev, Ukraine

Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke

Kirochnaya, Petrograd

Knox, Alfred

Kolomensky Women’s Institute, Petrograd

Konstantin Konstantinovich, Grand Duke

kontributsiya

Konyushennaya, Petrograd

Kornilov, Lavr

Korsakov, Nikolay Rimsky—

Krasnov, Pyotr Nikolayevich

Kremlin, Moscow

Krestovsky prison, Petrograd

Kristiania, Norway

Kristianiafjod

Kronstadt, Petrograd

Kronversky Prospekt, Petrograd

Kropotkin, Alexandra

Kropotkin, Peter

Krymov, Alexander

Kschessinska, Mathilde

Kschessinska Mansion, Petrograd

Labour Party (Britain)

Laiming, Vladimir Aleksandrovich

Lake Ladoga

Lampson, Oliver Locker

Lansing, Robert

‘Last-Ditchers’ in Petrograd

Latvia

Lawrence, David Herbert

Leeds Russian Archive

Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich

Leslie’s Weekly

Levashovo, Petrograd

Lewis, Roger

Liberty Loan

Lidvall, Fredrik

Lighthouse, see Mayak

Ligovskaya, Petrograd

Lindley, Francis

Liteiny Bridge, Petrograd

Liteiny Prospekt, Petrograd

Lithuanian Regiment

Litovsky prison, Petrograd

Litovsky Regiment

Livadia, Crimea

Lloyd George, David

Locker Lampson, Oliver

Lockhart, Robert Bruce

Lombard, Bousfield Swan

London, England

Long, Robert Crozier

looting

Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904)

Lunacharsky, Anatoly

Lvov, Georgiy

Machine Gun Regiment

machine guns

Magasin Anglais, Petrograd, see English Shop

Malachite Hall, Winter Palace

management-by-committees

Marat, Jean-Paul

Marble Palace, Petrograd

Marcosson, Isaac

Maria Feodorovna, Dowager Empress

Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess

Mariinsky Hospital, Petrograd

Mariinsky Palace, Petrograd

Mariinsky Theatre, Petrograd

‘Marseillaise’

Marxism

Mary, Queen

Marye, George

Masaryk, Thomas

Masses, The

Maugham, Somerset

maxim guns, see under machine guns

Maximalists

May Day

Mayak

McCully, Newton

Medved restaurant, Petrograd

‘meetinki’

de Meilhan, Sénac

Melita, Victoria, Grand Duchess Kirill

Mensheviks

Metropolitan Magazine

Mewes, George

Mexican Revolution (1910–20)

Meyendorff, Paul

Meyerhold, Vsevolod Emilevich

Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke

Mikhailovskaya, Petrograd

Mikhailovsky Theatre, Petrograd

Military Club, Petrograd

Military Garage, Petrograd

Military Revolutionary Committee

Military Revolutionary Tribunal

Militia

Miller, William

Millicent Fawcett Medical Unit

Millionnaya, Petrograd

Milner, Alfred, 1st Viscount Milner

Milyukov, Pavel

Missouri, United States

Model T Ford

Mogilev, Belarus

Moika River

Moir, Ethel

Molodechno, Belarus

Mooney, Thomas J.

Morskaya, Petrograd

Moscow

Moscow Congress (1917)

Moskovsky Regiment

Mrs Waller’s Company

Murino golf course, Petrograd

Murmansk, Russia

My Mission to Russia (George Buchanan)

My Own Story (Pankhurst)

nagaikas (short whips)

Napoleon I, Emperor

Naryshkina, Elizaveta

National City Bank of New York

Naudeau, Ludovic

Nazi Party

de Néry, Amélie (Marylie Markovitch)

Neva River

Neva Stearin Soap and Candle Works

Nevsky Prospekt, Petrograd

Nevsky Thread Manufacturing Company

New Arsenal, Petrograd

New English Club

New Republic

New York, United States

New York Call

New York Life Insurance Company

New York Times

Newport, Rhode Island

newspapers

Nicholas II

Nicholas Station, Petrograd

Nikolay Nikolaevich, Grand Duke

Norway

Nostitz, Count Grigory

Nostitz, Countess Lillie (Madeleine Bouton)

Noulens, Joseph

Novoe vremya

Nutcracker, The (Tchaikovsky)

O’Grady, James

Observer

Obukhov Hospital, Petrograd

October (Eisenstein)

October Revolution

Bolsheviks vote for armed uprising, Revolution begins, Bolshevik newspapers banned, Provisional Government issues arrest warrant for Trotsky, guard raised to protect Provisional Government at Winter Palace, Petrograd garrison mutiny, Bolsheviks set up base at Smolny, Aurora anchors beside Winter Palace, Kerensky flees city; Lenin announces Bolshevik takeover, Bolsheviks capture Winter Palace, Lenin announces new government, Committee for Salvation cadets clash with Bolsheviks, Lenin announces defeat of Provisional Government

Okhrana

Old Arsenal, Petrograd

Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess

opera

Order No.

Order of St Andrew

Orthodox Church

Oscar II

Ottoman Empire (1299–1924)

Oudendijk, Willem (William Oudendyk)

Paget, Lady Muriel

Palace Bridge, see Winter Palace Bridge

Palace Embankment, Petrograd

Palace of Justice, Petrograd

Paléologue, Maurice

pamphlets

Pankhurst, Christabel

Pankhurst, Emmeline

Pankhurst, Sylvia

papirosy

Parchevsky, Tovarishch

Paris, France

Pathé

Patouillet, Louise

Pavlovsky Barracks, Petrograd

Pavlovsky Regiment

Pax, Paulette

Pekar’s patisserie, Petrograd

People’s House, Petrograd

Peter I the Great

Peter and Paul Fortress, Petrograd

Petit Parisien, Le

Petrograd

1905 Bloody Sunday; Revolution

1910 Buchanan becomes British ambassador

1913 Romanov Tercentenary

1914 outbreak of First World War; departure of Central Powers diplomats, arrival of US expatriates

1916 opening of Anglo-Russian Hospital, Francis becomes US ambassador, food shortages begin, strike on Vyborg Side, arrival of Fleurot, assassination of Rasputin, Buchanan visits Tsar at Tsarskoe Selo

1917 New Year diplomatic reception at Catherine Palace, accommodation shortage after torpedo warning, Allied conference; strikes commemorating Bloody Sunday, food shortages worsen; wave of strikes, Putilov lockout; February Revolution begins, Women’s Day protests; bread-riots, Putilov strike begins, looting begins, troops and faraony ordered to clear crowds, Cossacks side with protesters, looting of Pekar’s patisserie, Tsar informed of disturbances, Khabalov institutes draconian measures to control city, violence near Anichkov Bridge, massacre at Znamensky Square, Pavlovsky Regiment mutiny, party at Princess Radziwill’s palace, Duma prorogued, Red Monday mutinies and violence, Tsar announces plans to return, Duma forms Provisional Executive Committee; orders arrest of Council of Ministers, formation of Petrograd Soviet, Baltic fleet mutiny at Kronstadt, violence at Hotel Astoria, killing of Stackelberg, surrender of Arsenal, Duma and Soviet negotiate at Tauride Palace; arrests of tsarist ministers, militia formed to keep peace, abdication of Tsar, Provisional Government formed, destruction of imperial insignia begins, newspapers reappear, trams reappear, Allies recognise Provisional Government; diplomats received at Mariinsky Palace, funeral for casualties of revolution, political amnesty; return of émigrés, return of Lenin, British Labour Party representatives make visit, Albert Thomas makes visit, protest at US embassy, return of Salvation Army, May Day demonstrations, Milyukov’s Note; protests erupt, Paléologue recalled to Paris, Milyukov and Guchkov resign, return of Trotsky, formation of Coalition Provisional Government, arrival of Henderson, Soviet takes control of Kronstadt, formation of Petrograd Women’s Death Battalion, arrival of Pankhurst, arrival of Root Mission, Pankhurst meets with Bochkareva, Bochkareva promoted to ensign, Women’s Death Battalion leaves for front, Pankhurst attends British Russian Luncheon Club; visits Tsarskoe Selo, All Russian Congress of Soviets, anti-war protests, Thompson visits Kronstadt; advised to leave Petrograd by Lenin, Root Mission leaves for Finland, resignation of Kadet ministers, Bolsheviks incite protests, Bolshevik Kronstadters enter city; July Days violence, Provisional Government reveals Lenin’s German funding, Kornilov takes control of army; quells mutinies, Trotsky arrested; Lenin flees city, funeral for Cossacks killed in July Days, Pankhurst meets with Kerensky, closure of British Colony Hospital, arrival of US Red Cross mission, Tsar sent to Siberia, Maugham arrives on SIS mission, Kornilov challenges Kerensky; moves troops on city, Kornilov arrested; Trotsky released from prison, Kerensky declares republic, arrival of Reed and Bryant, Democratic Congress, Trotsky elected chair of Soviet, Maugham meets with Kerensky, Lenin returns to city, Bolsheviks vote for armed uprising, October Revolution begins, Bolshevik newspapers banned, Provisional Government issues arrest warrant for Trotsky, guard raised to protect Provisional Government at Winter Palace, Petrograd garrison mutiny, Bolsheviks set up base at Smolny, Aurora anchors beside Winter Palace, Kerensky flees city; Lenin announces Bolshevik takeover, Bolsheviks capture Winter Palace, Lenin announces new government, Committee for Salvation cadets clash with Bolsheviks, Lenin announces defeat of Provisional Government, Lenin issues Decree on Land, Duma dissolved, establishment of Che-Ka, Constituent Assembly begins, Trotsky announces armistice with Germany, looting of imperial wine cellars, Bolsheviks take control of foreign banks

1918 closure of Anglo-Russian Hospital, Red Guards British raid embassy; diplomats arrested, diplomats evacuated to Vologda

Petrograd garrison

Petrograd Side, Petrograd

Petrograd Soviet

Petrograd Women’s Battalion

Petrograd, The City of Trouble (Meriel Buchanan)

Philosophical Letters (Chaadaev)

photography

Pickford, Jack

Pitirim (Pavel Vasilievich Oknov), Metropolitan of Petrograd

Plekhanov, Georgiy

Podolia

poker

Pokrovsky Hospital, Vasilievsky Island

Pokrovsky, Nikolay

police

Pollock, James

Polotsk Infantry

Poole, De Whitt Clinton

Poole, Ernest

Potemkin, Grigory

Pravda

Preobrazhensky Regiment

Price, Morgan Philips

Prince Igor (Borodin)

prisons

‘property is theft’

prostitution

Protopopov, Alexander

Provisional Government

Pskov

Pulliam, Annie

Putilov munitions works, Petrograd

Rabochi put

racism

Radziwill, Princess Catherine

Ransome, Arthur

rape

Rasputin, Grigory

Razliv, Petrograd

Rebirth of Russia, The (Marcosson)

Red Cross

Red Guards

Red Heart of Russia, The (Beatty)

Red Monday

Reds

Reed, John

refugees

Reilly, Sidney

Reinke, Arthur

Republican Party (US)

Resurrection (Leo Tolstoy)

Revelstoke, Lord, see Baring, John

Rhys Williams, Albert

Riga, Latvia

robbery, see also looting

de Robien, Louis

Robins, Elizabeth

Robins, Margaret

Robins, Raymond

Rodzianko, Mikhail

Rogers, Leighton

Rolls-Royce

Romania

Romanov Tercentenary (1913)

Rome, Italy

Roosevelt, Theodore

Root Mission

Root, Elihu

Rusalka (Dvorˇák)

Russell Square, London

Russia in Revolution (Stinton Jones)

Russia Relief Association

Russian Air Service

Russian Army

conscription

Finnish Regiment

Izmailovsky Regiment

Keksgolmsky Regiment

Lithuanian Regiment

Litovsky Regiment

Machine Gun Regiment

Moskovsky Regiment

Pavlovsky Regiment

Petrograd garrison

Polotsk Infantry

Preobrazhensky Regiment

reservists

Sapper Regiment

Semenovsky Regiment

Stavka

Volynsky Regiment

Women’s Death Battalion

Russian Foreign Office

Russian language

Russian Navy

Russian Orthodox Church

Russian Social Democratic and Labour Party (RSDLP)

Russian Women’s Mutual Philanthropic Society

Russo-Japanese War (1904–5)

Russo-Turkish War (1877–8)

Ruzsky, Nikolay

Sadovaya, Petrograd

Saltykov family

Salvation Army

Sampsonievksy, Petrograd

San Francisco Bulletin

Sapper Regiment

Sassnitz, Germany

Saturday Evening Post

Savonarola, Girolamo

Savoy Hotel, London

Sazonov, Sergey

scarlatina

Scotland

scurvy

Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)

secret police, see Okhrana

Semenovsky Regiment

Senate Square, Petrograd

Sergey Alexandrovich, Grand Duke

Sergievskaya, Petrograd

Seymour, Dorothy

Shabanova, Anna

Shaw, Dorothy

Shcheglovitov, Ivan

Shepherd, William G.

shock battalions

Shpalernaya, Petrograd

Shulgin, Vasily

Siberia

Sikes, Fred

Singer Building, Petrograd

Singer Sewing Machine Company

Skobelev, Matvey

Skrydlova, Mariya

Sleeping Beauty (Tchaikovsky)

Smirnova, Elena Alexandrovna

Smolny Institute, Petrograd

Smorgon, Belarus

Smyth, Ethel

Social Democratic Party of Germany

Socialist Revolutionary Party

Soldat

Soldiers’ Market

Source, La

Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies

Soviet Union (1922–91)

sport

Springfield, Captain Osborn

St Isaac’s Cathedral, Petrograd

St Isaac’s Square, Petrograd

St Louis, Missouri

Stackelberg, Count Gustave

Stalin, Joseph

State Bank, Petrograd

State Department, US

Stavka

Stebbing, Edward

Steffens, Lincoln

Stevens Railroad Commission

Stevens, John F.

Stevens, Robbie

stikhiya

Stinton Jones, James

Stoker, Enid

Stopford, (Albert) Bertie

strikes

Stroganovsky Bridge, Petrograd

students

Stürmer, Boris

Style Moderne

suffragettes

sugar

Summer Garden, Petrograd

Suvorov Square, Petrograd

Sweden

Swinnerton, Chester

Switzerland

Taft, William Howard

Tarnopol, Ukraine

Tartars

Tatiana Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess

Tatiana Refugee Committee

Tauride Palace, Petrograd

Teatralnaya Ploshchad, Petrograd

Telephone Committee

Temps, Le

Ten Days that Shook the World (Reed)

Tereshchenko, Mikhail

theatres

thievery, see also looting

Thomas, Albert

Thompson, Donald

Thorne, Will

Thornton, Nellie

Thornton, Vera

Thornton’s woollen mill, Petrograd

Through War to Revolution (Dosch-Fleurot)

Times, The

Tobolsk, Siberia

Tokay

Tomsk, Siberia

Torgovaya, Petrograd

Torneo, Finland

torpedoes

tovarishchi

trams

Trans-Siberian Railway

Travis, Norton C.

Treasury Notes

Troitskaya, Petrograd

Troitsky Bridge, Petrograd

Trotsky, Leon

Tsarskoe Selo, Petrograd

Tsereteli, Irakli

tuberculosis (TB)

Tumanov family

Turkey

typhus

U-boats

Ukraine

United States, United States embassy

1912 trade treaty broken off with Russia over anti-Semitism

1916 Francis becomes ambassador to Russia

1917 New Year diplomatic reception at Catherine Palace, refuge offered to Countess Nostitz, recognition of Russian Provisional Government, declaration of war on Germany, protest at Petrograd embassy, Root Mission to Russia, Red Cross mission arrives in Petrograd, steamer commissioned to evacuate Petrograd expats, arrival of Reeds in Petrograd, evacuation of nationals from Russia, Christmas celebrations in Petrograd

1918 diplomats evacuated to Vologda

Varpasaari, Finland

Vasilievsky Island, Petrograd

Vecchi, Joseph

Vendée, France

Victoria, Queen

vigilantes

Villa Rodé, Petrograd

Villa, Pancho

Vladimir, Grand Duchess, see Maria Pavlovna

Vladimirsky Military School, Petrograd

Vladimirsky, Petrograd

Vladivostok, Russia

vodka

Volga River

Volga-Kama Bank

Vologda, Russia

Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD)

Volynsky Regiment

Voznesenskaya, Petrograd

Vulture, HMS

Vyborg Side, Petrograd

Walpole, Hugh

Warsaw Station, Petrograd

Westinghouse

‘What Is to Be Done?’ (Lenin)

Whiffen, Walter

Whipple, George Chandler

whisky

Wightman, Orrin Sage

William Miller & Co.

Williams, Harold

Wilson, Henry

Wilson, Woodrow

Wilton, Robert

wine

Wine of Fury (Rogers)

Winship, North

Winter Palace, Petrograd

Winter Palace Bridge, Petrograd

Wiseman, William

With the Russians at the Front

Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the World)

Wolff’s bookshop, Petrograd

Women’s Battalion

Women’s Day

Women’s Death Battalion

women’s rights

Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)

wood-burning

Woodhouse, Arthur

Woodhouse, Ella

workers’ rights

World War I (1914–18)

1914 Battle of Mons

1916 Battle of Verdun, Battle of the Somme

1917 Germany issues torpedo warning to neutral ships, Allied conference in Petrograd, Russian Baltic fleet mutiny at Kronstadt, US declares war on Germany, Milyukov’s Note; protests erupt in Russia, formation of Petrograd Women’s Death Battalion, Battle of Smorgon, Kerensky Offensive, German capture of Tarnopol, German capture of Riga, Brest-Litovsk conference begins

1918 Brest-Litovsk Treaty

World War II (1939–45)

World

Wright, J. Butler

Yakutsk, Siberia

Yeliseev’s emporium, Petrograd

YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association)

Yusupov, Felix

zakuski

Zeppelins

Zetkin, Clara

Zhivoe slovo

Zinoviev, Grigory

Znamensky Square, Petrograd

Photographs

1. The Nevsky Prospekt in Petrograd, c. 1910.

2. A sewing party at the British Embassy in Petrograd organized by Lady Georgina Buchanan, who stands at the head of the table.

3. Sir George Buchanan, pictured in 1912.

4. Maurice Paléologue, the French Ambassador to Russia, c. 1914.

5. Sir George Buchanan and family dining with staff at the British Embassy in Petrograd.

6. US Ambassador to the Russian Empire David R. Francis and his valet Phil Jordan, pictured here aboard the Swedish steamship Oscar II headed to Oslo from New York.

7. Francis with counsellor J. Butler Wright, being chauffeured in Petrograd by Phil Jordan in the US Embassy’s Model T Ford.

8. Leighton Rogers, a young American clerk at the National City Bank of New York in Petrograd.

9. Julia Cantacuzène-Speransky, granddaughter of US President Ulysses S. Grant, American wife of a Russian prince, and subsequently a memoirist of the Russian Revolution.

10. The intrepid war photographer and cinematographer Donald C. Thompson.

11. James Negley Farson, American journalist and adventurer.

12. Arthur Ransome, correspondent for the Daily News at the time of the Revolution.

13. Journalist Florence Harper, pictured while working as a nurse at an American Field Hospital in Ukraine during 1917.

14. A bread line in Petrograd in 1917.

15. Nursing sisters and a wounded young soldier at the Anglo-Russian Hospital.

16 The International Women’s Day parade in Petrograd, 23 February 1917, that sparked a wave of popular protest at bread shortages.

17. Donald C. Thompson’s picture shows how the February Revolution claimed fatal casualties faster than the morgues could cope with.

18. Revolutionary barricades on Liteiny Prospekt, March 1917.

19. Cossack troops on patrol in Petrograd.

20. ‘Shoot the Pharaos on their roofs…’: a propaganda postcard urging popular resistance to the police (known derisively as ‘pharaohs’ or faraony) who would snipe at revolutionaries from rooftops.

21. The toppling of imperial monuments, 27 February 1917.

22. Shop-front Imperial emblems thrown onto the ice under a bridge across the Fontanka Canal.

23. Nurses with a wounded soldier at the Anglo Russian Hospital, observing events on the Nevsky Prospekt below.

24. An artist’s rendering of the attack on the Hotel Astoria, 28 February 1917.

25. The lobby of the Astoria after the attack, its floor bloodstained, a revolutionary sentry on guard.

26. Official buildings of the old tsarist regime, the first institutions to be attacked during the February Revolution: The District Court…

27. The Litovsky Prison

28. Police Station No. 4.

29. A burnt fragment of a secret police record picked up on the street by American bank clerk Leighton Rogers.

30. Soldiers digging the mass grave for the victims of the February Revolution at the Field of Mars.

31. The funeral procession for the dead of February.

32. A crowded session of the Petrograd Soviet in the Tauride Palace.

33. Romanov coats of arms are burned in Petrograd, May 1917.

34. Troops of the Petrograd Women’s Death Battalion.

35. Commander of the Women’s Death Battalion Maria Bochkareva with Emmeline Pankhurst, their mutual regard clear.

36. Jessie Kenney, suffragette and former mill worker who accompanied Emmeline Pankhurst to Russia.

37. The Daily Mirror front page reports the July Days violence in Petrograd.

38. The American journalist John Reed, a ‘charismatic socialist and professional rebel’.

39. Feminist journalist Louise Bryant, who travelled to Russia with Reed, her husband.

40. People run for cover during a gun battle on Nevsky Prospect in October 1917.

41. A room in the Tsar’s Winter Palace, ransacked by the Bolsheviks after they took the Palace with little or no resistance.

Also by Helen Rappaport

No Place for Ladies

Joseph Stalin

An Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers

Queen Victoria

The Last Days of the Romanovs

Conspirator

Beautiful for Ever

A Magnificent Obsession

The Romanov Sisters

WITH WILLIAM HORWOOD

Dark Hearts of Chicago

WITH ROGER WATSON

Capturing the Light

About the Author

Helen Rappaport studied Russian at Leeds University and is a specialist in Russian and Victorian history. Her books include Caught in the Revolution: Petrograd, Russia, 1917 - A World on the Edge, A Magnificent Obsession: Victoria, Albert, and the Death That Changed the British Monarchy and The Last Days of the Romanovs. She lives in West Dorset. You can sign up for author updates here.

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Dedication

List of Illustrations

Glossary of Eyewitnesses

Author’s Note

Map of Petrograd 1917

Prologue: ‘The Air is Thick with Talk of Catastrophe’

PART 1: THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION 1 ‘Women are Beginning to Rebel at Standing in Bread Lines’

2 ‘No Place for an Innocent Boy from Kansas’

3 ‘Like a Bank Holiday with Thunder in the Air’