Что всё это значит? Очень краткое введение в философию

Об авторе

Томас Нагель родился 4 июля 1937 г. В 1954–1958 гг. он обучался в Корнельском университете, где получил степень бакалавра. 1958–1960 гг. Нагель провел в стенах Корпус Кристи Колледжа в Оксфордском университете (Англия), где имел честь слушать лекции Джона Остина и получить степень бакалавра по философии. Докторскую диссертацию по философии Т. Нагель защитил в 1963 г. в Гарвардском университете.

Впоследствии Нагель преподавал философию в Калифорнийском университете (1963–1966 гг.); в Принстонском университете (1966–1980 гг., в т. ч. с 1972 г. — профессор); с 1980 г. — профессор философии, а с 1986 г. — профессор философии и права в Нью-Йоркском университете.

Т. Нагель читал лекции в разных университетах США и мира: Rockefeller University 1973–1974 гг.; University of Pittsburgh 1976 г.; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 1977 г.; University of the Witwatersrand 1982 г.; U.C.L.A. 1986–1987 гг.; All Souls College, Oxford 1990 г… Выступал с лекциями в качестве Tanner Lecturer, Stanford University 1977 г.; Tanner Lecturer, Oxford University 1979 г.; Howison Lecturer, U.C. Berkeley 1987 г.; Thalheimer Lecturer, Johns Hopkins University 1989 г.; John Locke Lecturer, Oxford University 1990 г.; Hempel Lecturer, Princeton University 1995 г.; Whitehead Lecturer, Harvard University 1995 г.; Immanuel Kant Lecturer, Stanford University 1995 г.; Townsend Lecturer, U.C. Berkeley 1999 г. Он получал исследовательские гранты от фондов Гуггенхайма (1966–1967); NSF (1968–1970); NEH (1978–1979); NEH (1984–1985).

Т. Нагель является членом Американской Академии искусств и наук (с 1980 г. по настоящее время), членом Британской Академии (с 1988 г. по настоящее время), почетным членом Корпус Кристи Колледжа, Оксфорд, Англия (с 1992 г. по настоящее время). В 1970–1982 гг. был членом редакции журнала «Philosophy & Public Affairs», а в 1978–1990 гг. — консультантом в области философии для издательства «Oxford University Press».

1. The Possibility of Altruism. Oxford University Press, 1970; пeреизд. Princeton University Press, 1978. Переведена на итальянский (1994) и немецкий (1998) языки.

2. Mortal Questions. Cambridge University Press, 1979. Переведена на испанский (1981), французский (1983), немецкий (1984, переизд. 1996); итальянский (1986); японский (1989); румынский (1996); польский (1997); датский (1997); македонский (1998); китайский (в печати) языки.

3. The View from Nowhere. Oxford University Press, 1986. Переведена на итальянский (1988); немецкий (1992); французский (1993); шведский (1993); испанский (1996); польский (1997); корейский (1998); греческий (в печати) языки.

4. What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 1987. Переведена на греческий (1989); итальянский (1989); немецкий (1990); голландский (1990); датский (1991); шведский (1991); словацкий (1991); французский (1993); китайский (1993); японский (1993); польский (1993); румынский (1994); словенский (1995); испанский (1996); португальский (1996); корейский (1999) языки и на иврит (1994).

5. Equality and Partiality. Oxford University Press, 1991 Переведена на итальянский (1993); французский (1994); немецкий (1994); испанский (1996) языки.

6. Die Grenzen der Objektivitat. (сборник переводов) Stuttgart, Reclam, 1991.

7. Other Minds: Critical Essays, 1969–1994. Oxford University Press, 1995. Переведена на испанский (в печати) язык.

8. The Last Word. Oxford University Press, 1997. Переведена на румынский (1998); португальский (1999); итальянский (1999); немецкий (1999); испанский (в печати); голландский (в печати); польский (в печати); венгерский (в печати) языки.

II. Сборники статей

1. Philosophy, Morality, and International Affairs (with Virginia Held and Sidney Morgenbesser). Oxford University Press, 1974.

2. The Rights and Wrongs of Abortion (with Marshall Cohen and Thomas Scanlon). Princeton University Press, 1974.

3. War and Moral Responsibility (with Marshall Cohen and Thomas Scanlon). Princeton University Press, 1974.

4. Equality and Preferential Treatment (with Marshall Cohen and Thomas Scanlon). Princeton University Press, 1977.

5. Marx, Justice, and History (with Marshall Cohen and Thomas Scanlon), Princeton University Press, 1980.

6. Medicine and Moral Philosophy (with Marshall Cohen and Thomas Scanlon), Princeton University Press, 1981.

(переиздания и переводы не указаны)

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2. Dreaming // Analysis, 1959, pp. 112–116;

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5. Linguistics and Epistemology // Sidney Hook (ed.). Language and Philosophy. New York University Press, 1969, pp. 171–182;

6. The Boundaries of Inner Space // Journal of Philosophy, 1969, pp. 452–458;

7. Death // Nous, 1970, pp. 73–80;

8. Armstrong on the Mind // Philosophical Review, 1970, pp. 394–403 (a discussion review of A Materialist Theory of the Mind by D.M.Armstrong);

9. Wittgenstein // The Village Voice, Feb. 11, 1971;

10. Brain Bisection and the Unity of Consciousness // Synthese, 1971, pp. 396–413;

11. The Absurd // Journal of Philosophy, 1971, pp. 716–727;

12. War and Massacre // Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1972, № 1, pp. 123–144;

13. Reason and National Goals // Science, 1972, pp. 766–770;

14. Aristotle on Eudaimonia // Phronesis; 1972, pp. 252–259;

15. Rawls on Justice // Philosophical Review, 1973, pp. 220–234 (a discussion review of A Theory of Justice by John Rawls)

16. Equal Treatment and Compensatory Discrimination // Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1973, № 2, pp. 348–362;

17. Freud’s Anthropomorphism // Richard Wollheim (ed.). Freud. New York, Doubleday, 1974, pp. 11–24;

18. What Is it Like to Be a Bat? // Philosophical Review, 1974, pp. 435–450;

19. Altruism and Economics // E. S. Phelps (ed.). Altruism, Morality, and Economic Theory. New York, Russell Sage Foundation, 1975, pp. 63–67;

20. Libertarianism without Foundations // Yale Law Journal, 1975, № 85, pp. 136–149 (a discussion review of Anarchy, State, and Utopia by Robert Nozick);

21. Moral Luck // Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 50, 1976, pp. 137–155;

22. The Fragmentation of Value // Daniel Callahan and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. (eds.). Knowledge, Value and Belief. Hastingson-Hudson, N.Y., Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences, 1977, pp. 279–294;

23. Poverty and Food: Why Charity is Not Enough // Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue (eds.). Food Policy, New York, The Free Press, 1977, pp. 54–62;

24. Ethics as an Autonomous Theoretical Subject // Gunther S. Stent (ed.). Morality as a Biological Phenomenon, Berlin, Dahlem Konferenzen, 1978, pp. 221–232;

25. The Justification of Equality // Critica (Mexico), 1978, pp. 3–27;

26. Ruthlessness in Public Life // Stuart Hampshire (ed.). Public and Private Morality, Cambridge University Press, 1978, pp. 75–91;

27. The Meaning of Equality // Washington University Law Quarterly, 1979, pp. 25–31;

28. The Limits of Objectivity // Sterling M. McMurrin (ed.). The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Vol. I, University of Utah Press and Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 75–139;

29. Tactical Nuclear Weapons and the Ethics of Conflict // Parameters: Journal of the U.S. Army War College, 1981, pp. 327–328;

30. The Supreme Court and Political Philosophy // New York University Law Review, 19.81, № 56, pp. 519–524;

31. A Month in the Country // The New Republic, March 14,1983;

32. The Objective Self // Carl Ginet and Sydney Shoemaker (eds.). Knowledge and Mind, Oxford University Press, 1983, pp. 211–232;

33. Caste Struggle // The New Republic, January 23, 1984;

34. Bemerkungen zu Bernard Williams' Beitrag // Eva Schaper and Wilhelm Vossenkuhl (eds.). Bedingungen der Moglichkeit, Stuttgart, Klett-Cotta, 1984, pp. 262–266;

35. Public Support for the Arts // Columbia Journal of Art and the Law, 1985, № 9, pp. 236–239;

36. No Way Out // The Philosophical Forum, vol. XVIII, No. 2–3, 1986–1987, pp. 171–176;

37. Moral Conflict and Political Legitimacy // Philosophy & Public Affairs, summer 1987, pp. 215–240;

38. Libertad у Objetividad // E. Villanueva (ed.). Secundo Simposio Internacional de Filosofia, Vol. 2, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1987;

39. The Foundations of Impartiality // N. Fotion and D. Seanor (eds.). Hare and Critics, Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 101–112;

40. What Makes a Political Theory Utopian? // Social Research, 1989, № 56, pp. 903–920;

41. Freedom Within Bounds // Times Literary Supplement, Feb. 16–22, 1990, p. 169;

42. Coscienza e realta oggetiva // G. Giorello & P. Strata, (eds.). L'Automa Spirituale: Menti, Cervelli e Computer. Rome, Laterza, 1991, pp. 31–37;

43. What Is the Mind-body Problem? and Summary // Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Consciousness, Ciba Foundation Symposium 174, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1993, pp. 1–13, 304–306;

44. La valeur de Pinviolabilite // Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale, 1994, № 2, pp. 149–166;

45. Consciousness and Objective Reality // R. Warner and T. Szubka (eds.). The Mind-Body Problem, Blackwell, 1994;

46. Moral Epistemology // R. E. Bulger, E. M. Bobby, and H. V. Fineberg (eds.). Society's Choices: Social and Ethical Decision Making in Biomedicine. Washington, National Academy Press, 1995, pp. 201–214;

47. Personal Rights and Public Space // Philosophy & Public Affairs, vol. 24, № 2, 1995, pp. 83–107;

48. Universality and the Reflective Self // Onora O'Neill (ed.). The Sources of Normativity, Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 200–209;

49. Justice and Nature // Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 17, № 2, 1997, pp. 303–321;

50. Reductionism and Antireductionism // The Limits of Reductionlsm in Biology, Novartis Symposium 213, John Wiley & Sons, 1998, pp. 3–10;

51. Concealment and Exposure // Philosophy & Public Affairs, vol. 27, № 1, 1998, pp. 3–30;

52. Conceiving the Impossible and the Mind-Body Problem // Philosophy, vol. 73, № 285, 1998, pp. 337–352;

53. The Shredding of Public Privacy // Times Literary Supplement, August 14, 1998;

54. Dialogue with Michael Kinsley on «Politicians and Privacy» // Slate, Sept. 22–Oct. 7, 1998;

55. Davidson's New Cogito // Lewis Hahn, ed. The Philosophy of Donald Davidson. Chicago: Open Court, 1999, pp. 195–206.

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2. D. С Dennett. Content and Consciousness // Journal of Philosophy, 1972, pp. 220–224;

3. Brian O'Shaughnessy. The Will: a Dual-Aspect Theory // Times Literary Supplement, March 27, 1981;

4. Bernard Williams. Moral Luck // Times Literary Supplement, May 7, 1982;

5. R. M. Hare. Moral Thinking // London Review of Books, July 1–14, 1982;

6. Colin McGinn. The Subjective View // Times Literary Supplement, November 18, 1983;

7. Stuart Hampshire. Morality and Conflict // New York Times, April 8, 1984;

8. Thomas Schelling. Choice and Consequence // The New Republic, August 27, 1984;

9. Bernard Williams. Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy // Journal of Philosophy, 1986, pp. 351–360;

10. Ronald Dworkin. Law's Empire // London Review of Books, September 18, 1986;

11. J. Z. Young. Philosophy and the Brain, and Galen Strawson. Freedom and Belief // London Review of Books, October 1, 1987;

12. Alasdair MacIntyre. Whose Justice? Which Rationality? // Times Literary Supplement, July 8–14, 1988;

13. David Pears. The False Prison: A Study of the Development of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy, Vol. II // London Review of Books May 18, 1989;

14. Edna and Avishai Margalit, eds. Isaiah Berlin: A Celebration // London Review of Books, July 25, 1991;

15. Daniel C. Dennett. Consciousness Explained // The Wall Street Journal, November 7, 1991;

16. John R. Searle. The Rediscovery of the Mind // New York Review of Books, March 4, 1993;

17. Richard Wollheim. The Mind and Its Depths, and Paul Robinson. Freud and His Critics // New York Review of Books, May 12, 1994;

18. Joseph Raz. Ethics in the Public Domain: Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics // London Review of Books, September 22, 1994;

19. Willard Gaylin and Bruce Jennings. The Perversion of Autonomy // New York Times, September 8, 1996;

20. Richard Rorty. Truth and Progress: Philosophical Papers, vol. 3 // Times Literary Supplement, August 28, 1998;

21. Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont. Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Philosophers Abuse of Science // The New Republic, October 12, 1998;

22. Т. М. Scanlon. What We Owe to Each Other // London Review of Books, February 4, 1999;

23. Martha C. Nussbaum. Sex and Social Justice // The New Republic, March 8, 1999;

24. Wendy Shalit. A Return to Modesty // Times Literary Supplement, June 18, 1999;

25. Jeremy Waldron. The Dignity of Legislation // London Review of Books, October 14, 1999;

26. John Rawls. Collected Papers, The Law of Peoples, with «The Idea of Public Reason Revisited», and A Theory of Justice, Revised Edition // The New Republic, October 25, 1999;

27. Steven Pinker, Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language // The New Republic, January 24, 2000.