Command and Control

Reports

“Acceptable Premature Probabilities for Nuclear Weapons,” Headquarters Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, FC/10570136, October 1, 1957 (SECRET/RESTRICTRED DATA/declassified).

“Accidental War: Some Dangers in the 1960s,” Mershon Center for Education in National Security, Housmans (n.d.).

“Accident Environments,” T. D. Brumleve, Chairman, Task Group on Accident Environments, Sandia Laboratories, SCL-DR-69-86, January 1970 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Accidents and Incidents Involving Nuclear Weapons: Accidents and Incidents During the Period 1 July 1957 Through 31 March 1967,” Technical Letter 20-3, Defense Atomic Support Agency, October 15, 1967 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“An Activated Barrier for Protection of Special Nuclear Materials in Vital Areas,” Ronald E. Timm, James E. Miranda, Donald L. Reigle, and Anthony D. Valente, Argonne National Laboraory, 1984.

“The Aftermath of a Single Nuclear Detonation by Accident or Sabotage: Some Problems Affecting U.S. Policy, Military Reactions, and Public Information,” Fred Charles Iklé with J. E. Hill, Research Memorandum, Project RAND, U.S. Air Force, Santa Monica, California, May 8, 1959, RM-2364 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Aggregate Nuclear Damage Assessment Techniques Applied to Western Europe,” H. Avrech and D. C. McGarvey, RAND Corporation, Memorandum RM-4466-ISA, Prepared for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/International Security Affairs, June 1965 (FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY/declassified).

“AGM-69A SRAM Explosive Components Surveillance Program Summary Report and FY74 Service Life Estimate,” Charles E. Stanbery, et al., Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, AD-A014 428, January 1975.

“Air Force Blue Ribbon Review of Nuclear Weapons Policies and Procedures,” Polly A. Peyer, Headquarters, United States Air Force, February 8, 2008.

“The Air Force Role in Five Crises, 1958–1965: Lebanon, Taiwan, Congo, Cuba, Dominican Republic,” Bernard C. Nalty, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, June 1968 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“The Air Force and Strategic Deterrence 1951–1960,” George F. Lemmer, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, December 1967 (SECRET/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“The Air Force and the Worldwide Military Command and Control System, 1961–1965 (U),” Thomas A. Sturm, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, August 1966 (SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“Airpower and the Cult of the Offensive,” John R. Carter, CADRE Paper, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education, Air University Press, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, October 1998.

“Alcohol & Drug Use in the Marine Corps in 1983,” Peter H. Stoloff and Renee K. Barnow, Center for Naval Analyses, CNR 90, Vol. 1, July 1984.

“Analytical Support for the Joint Chiefs of Staff: The WSEG Experience, 1948–1976,” John Ponturo, Institute for Defense Analyses, International and Social Studies Division, IDA Study S-507, July 1979.

“Assessing the Capabilities of Strategic Nuclear Forces: The Limits of Current Methods,” Bruce W. Bennett, N-1441-NA, RAND Corporation, June 1980.

“Assessment Report: Titan II LGM 25 C, Weapon Condition and Safety,” Prepared for the Senate Armed Services Committee and House Armed Services Committee, May 1980.

“Attack Warning: Better Management Required to Resolve NORAD Integration Deficiencies,” Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, United States General Accounting Office, July 1989.

“The Ballistic Missile Decisions,” Robert L. Perry, RAND Corporation, October 1967.

“Ballistic Missile Staff Course Study Guide,” 4315th Combat Crew Training Squadron, Strategic Air Command, Vandenberg Air Force Base, July 1, 1980.

“Beyond the United Kingdom: Trends in the Other Nuclear Armed States,” Ian Kearns, Discussion Paper 1, BASIC Trident Commission, November 2011.

“A Brief Survey of the Evolution of Ideas About Counterforce,” Alfred Goldberg, Prepared for U.S. Air Force Project RAND, Memorandum RM-5431-PR, October 1967 (revised March 1981), NSA.

“Command, Control, and Communications Problems” Ronald A. Finkler, et al., WSEG Report 159, Volume I: Summary, Institute for Defense Analyses, Science and Technology Division, February 1971 (TOP SECRET/declassified).

“Command and Control for North American Air Defense, 1959–1963,” Thomas A. Sturm, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, SHO-S-65/18, January 1965 (SECRET/declassified).

“Command and Control of Soviet Nuclear Weapons: Dangers and Opportunities Arising from the August Revolution,” Hearing Before the Subcommittee on European Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 102nd Congress, First Session, September 24, 1991.

“Command and Control Systems for Nuclear Weapons: History and Current Status,” Systems Development Department I, Sandia Laboratories, SLA-73-0415, September 1973 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Countervailing Strategy Demands Revision of Strategic Force Acquisition Plans,” Comptroller General of the United States, MASAD-81-355, August 5, 1981.

“Custody,” Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy), Office of the Secretary of Defense, November 10, 1960 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“Defense Logistics: Improvements Needed to Enhance DOD’s Management Approach and Implementation of Item Unique Identification Technology,” United States Government Accountability Office, Report to the Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, May 2012.

“Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1986,” Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, 1st Session, 1985.

“Deterrence & Survival in the Nuclear Age,” Security Resources Panel of the Science Advisory Committee, Washington, D.C., November 7, 1957 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“The Development of the SM-68 Titan,” Warren E. Greene, Historical Office, Deputy Commander for Aerospace Systems, Air Force Systems Command, August 1962 (SECRET/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“The Development of the SM-80 Minuteman,” Robert F. Piper, DCAS Historical Office, Deputy Commander for Aerospace Systems, Air Force Systems Command, April 1962 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“The Development of Strategic Air Command, 1946–1976,” J. C. Hopkins, Office of the Historian, Strategic Air Command, March 21, 1976.

“Did High-Altitude EMP Cause the Hawaiian Streetlight Incident?” Charles Vittitoe, Electromagnetic Applications Division, Sandia National Laboratories, System Design and Assessment Notes, Note 31, June 1989.

“Effect of Civilian Morale on Military Capabilities in a Nuclear War Environment: Enclosure ‘E,’ The Relationship to Public Morale of Information About the Effects of Nuclear Warfare,” WSEG Report No. 42, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, Joint Chiefs of Staff, October 20, 1959 (CONFIDENTIAL/declassified).

“The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,” United States Strategic Bombing Survey, June 30, 1946 (SECRET/declassified).

“The Effects of Nuclear War,” Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, May 1979.

“Electric Initiators: A Review of the State of the Art,” Gunther Cohn, Franklin Institute, Prepared for the Picatinny Arsenal, November 1961, AD266014 (CONFIDENTIAL/declassified).

“Enclosure ‘I’ Changes in the Free World,” Weapons Systems Evaluation Group Report No. 50, November 18, 1960 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“The Evaluation of the Atomic Bomb as a Military Weapons,” Enclosure “A,” the Final Report of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board for Operation Crossroads, June 30, 1947 (TOP SECRET/declassified).

“Evaluation of Programmed Strategic Offensive Weapons Systems,” Weapons Systems Evaluation Group Report No. 50, Washington, D.C., December 27, 1960 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“The Evolution of U.S. Strategic Command and Control and Warning 1945–1972,” L. Wainstein, Project Leader, C. D. Cremeans, J. K. Moriarity, and J. Ponturo, Study S-467, International and Social Studies Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, June 1975 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Exploiting and Securing the Open Border in Berlin: The Western Secret Services, the Stasi, and the Second Berlin Crisis, 1958–1961,” Paul Maddrell, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Cold War International History Project, Working Paper No. 58, February 2009.

“Factors Affecting the Vulnerability of Atomic Weapons to Fire,” Full-Scale Test Report No. 2, Armour Research Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project Report No. 1066, February 1958 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“The Feasibility of Population Targeting,” R. H. Craver, M. K. Drake, J. T. McGahan, E. Swick, and J. F. Schneider, Science Applications, Inc., Prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency, June 30, 1979 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Final Evaluation Report, MK IV MOD O FM BOMB,” Mk IV Evaluation Committee, Sandia Laboratory, Report No. SL-82, September 13, 1949 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Final Titan II Operational Data Summary,” Rev 3, TRW Space Technology Laboratories, September 1964.

“From Counterforce to Minimal Deterrence: A New Nuclear Policy on the Path Toward Eliminating Nuclear Weapons,” Hans M. Kristensen, Robert S. Norris, Ivan Oelrich, Federation of American Scientists & The Natural Resources Defense Council, Occasional Paper No. 7, April 2009.

“Hearing to Receive Testimony on U.S. Strategic Command and U.S. Cyber Command in Review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2014 and the Future Years Defense Program,” Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, 113th Congress, March 12, 2013.

“Historical Analysis of Command and Control Actions in the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis,” Enclosure A, C&C Internal Memorandum No. 40, August 14, 1964 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“A Historical Study of Strategic Connectivity, 1950–1981,” Joint Chiefs of Staff Special Historical Study, Historical Division, Joint Chiefs of Staff, July 1982 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“History of Air Defense Weapons, 1946–1962,” Richard F. McMullen, Historical Division Office of Information, Headquarters, Air Defense Command, ADC Historical Study No. 14, 1962.

“A History of the Air Force Atomic Energy Program: 1943–1953,” USAF Historical Division, 1959 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“History of Air Research and Development Command, July — December 1960,” Volume III, Historical Division, Air Research & Development Command, United States Air Force (n.d.) (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“History of the Custody and Deployment of Nuclear Weapons: July 1945 Through September 1977,” Office of the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy), February 1978 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“History of the Early Thermonuclear Weapons: Mks 14, 15, 16, 17, 24, and 29,” Information Research Division, Sandia National Laboratories, RS 3434/10 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), June 1967.

“History of Headquarters Strategic Air Command, 1961,” SAC Historical Study No. 89, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, January 1962 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“History of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff: Background and Preparation of SIOP-62,” History & Research Division, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, 1963 (TOP SECTRET/declassified), NSA.

“History of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff: Preparation of SIOP-63,” History & Research Division, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, January 1964 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“History of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff SIOP-4 J/K, July 1971–June 1972,” Dr. Walton S. Moody, Strategic Air Command, History & Research Division (n.d.) (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/unclassified).

“History of the Little Rock Area Office, Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office, 5 October 1960–31 July 1963,” Arthur R. Simpson, Army Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office, 1963.

“The History of Nuclear Weapon Safety Devices,” David W. Plummer and William H. Greenwood, Sandia National Laboratories, Paper Submitted at Joint Propulsion Conference, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, July 1998.

“History of the Redstone Missile System,” John W. Bullard, Historical Division, Army Missile Command, AMC 23 M, October 15, 1965.

“History of the Strategic Air Command, 1 January 1958–30 June 1958,” Historical Study No. 73, Volume 1, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command (n.d.) (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“History of Strategic Air Command, June 1958–July 1959,” Historical Study No. 76, Volume I, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command (n.d.) (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“History of the Strategic Air Command: Historical Study #73A SAC Targeting Concepts” Historical Division, Office of Information, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, 1959 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“History of the Strategic Arms Competition, 1945–1972,” Ernest R. May, John D. Steinbruner, and Thomas W. Wolfe, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Historical Office, March 1981 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“History of U.S. Nuclear Weapon Safety Assessment: The Early Years,” Stanley D. Spray, Systems Studies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND96-1099C, Version E, May 5, 1996.

“History of the XW-51 Warhead,” SC-M-67-683, AEC Atomic Weapon Data, January 1968 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Hydronuclear Experiments,” Robert N. Thorn, Donald R. Westervelt, Los Alamos National Laboratories, LA-10902-MS, February 1987.

“Information Bulletin: Intrusion Detection System, AN/TPS-39(V), Radar Surveillance Equipment,” Atlas-Titan, Radar Surveillance Security System, Sylvania Electronic Systems, West Mountain View, California, December 1964.

“Interim Report on Command and Control in Europe,” United States Department of Defense, National Command and Control Task Force, October 1961 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“Job Attitudes: How SAC Personnel Compare with the Rest of the Air Force,” Stephen D. Bull III, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, 1986.

“JTF Operations Since 1983,” George Stewart, S. M. Fabbri, and A. B. Siegel, CRM-94-42, Center for Naval Analyses, July 1994.

“Jupiter: Development Aspects — Deployment,” John C. Brassell, Historical Office, Mobile Air Material Area, Brookley Air Force Base, September 1962 (SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“Lessons Learned from Early Criticality Accidents,” Richard E. Malenfant, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Submitted for Nuclear Criticality Technology Safety Project Workshop, Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 14–15, 1996.

“Living in the Question? The Berlin Nuclear Crisis Critical Oral History,” Benina Berger Gould, Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, UC Berkeley, Working Paper, March 2003.

“The Magnitude of Initial Postattack Recovery Activities,” Richard L. Goen, Stanford Research Institute, Prepared for the Office of Civil Defense, Office of the Secretary of the Army, December 1971.

“The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb,” F. G. Gosling, National Security History Series, United States Department of Energy, January 2010.

“Manual for Handling Missile Propellants,” Facilities Engineering Department, Pan American World Airways, Guided Missiles Range Division, Patrick AFB, Florida, 1958.

“The Marshal’s Baton: There Is No Bomb, There Was No Bomb, They Were Not Looking for a Bomb,” Svend Aage Christensen, Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Report, No. 18, 2009.

“Military Applications of Nuclear Technology,” Part 1, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Military Applications, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Ninety-third Congress, April 16, 1973.

“Military and Civil Defense Nuclear Weapons Effects Projects Conducted at the Nevada Test Site: 1951–1958,” Barbara Killian, Defense Threat Reduction Agency DTRA-IR-10-57, May 2011.

“Minimum Nuclear Deterrence Research: Final Report,” Gregory Giles, C. Cleary, M. Ledgerwood, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Advanced Systems and Concepts Office, May 15, 2003.

“Minutes of the Eleventh Explosives Safety Seminar,” Vol. 2, Sheraton-Peabody Hotel, Memphis, Tennessee, Armed Services Explosives Safety Board, September 9–10, 1969.

“Missile Launch/Missile Officer (LGM-25): Missile Systems,” Student Study Guide 3OBR1821F/3121F-V1 Through 4, Volume I of II, Department of Missile and Space Training, Sheppard Technical Training Center, September 1968.

“Missile Liquid Propellant Systems Maintenance Specialist,” Volume 3, Propellant Transfer System, CDC 4551, Extension Course Institute, Air Training Command, February 1983.

“Missile Procurement, Air Force,” United States Congress, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Defense, House Committee on Appropriations, May 16, 1961 (SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“Missile Silo Fire at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas,” and “Fire Protection Problems for Special Atmospheres — Including Oxygen,” Federal Fire Council, Minutes of Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 5, 1967.

“Modernizing U.S. Nuclear Strategy, Force Structure and Posture,” Global Zero U.S. Nuclear Policy Commission Report, May 2012.

“Modernizing U.S. Strategic Offensive Forces: The Administration’s Program and Alternatives,” a CBO Study, Congressional Budget Office, Congress of the United States, May 1983.

“MX Missile Basing,” Office of Technology, United States Government Printing Office, September 1981.

“MX Missile Basing Mode,” Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, Second Session, Special Hearing, Department of Defense, 1980.

“National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 2013,” Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), March 2012.

“NATO in the 1960’s,” National Security Council, November 8, 1960 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons,” Amy F. Woolf, CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, February 14, 2012.

“NORAD’s Information Processing Improvement Program: Will It Enhance Mission Capability?” Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General of the United States, Report to Congress, General Accounting Office, LCD-78-117, September 21, 1978.

“NORAD’s Missile Warning System: What Went Wrong?” Comptroller General of the United States, Report to Congress, General Accounting Office, MASAD-81-30, May 15, 1981.

“North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons: Technical Issues,” Mary Beth Nikitin, CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, April 3, 2013.

“Nuclear Hardness and Base Escape,” Rayford P. Patrick, USAF, Engineering Report No. 5-112, Directorate of Aircraft Maintenance, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, March 31, 1981.

“The Nuclear Safety Problem,” T. D. Brumleve, Advanced System Research Department 5510, Sandia Corporation, Livermore Laboratory, SCL-DR-67, 1967 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Nuclear Warheads: The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program and the Life Extension Program,” Jonathan Medalia, CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, December 3, 2007.

“Nuclear Weapon Safety,” Sandia Corporation with the Cooperation of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and the Ernest O. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, SC-4630(WD), October 1961 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Nuclear Weapon Specialist, Volume 4: Bomb Maintenance,” CDC 46350, Extension Course Institute, Air Training Command, July 1980 (FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY).

“Nuclear Weapon Specialist, Volume 5: Rockets, Missiles, and Reentry Systems,” CDC 46350, Extension Course Institute, Air Training Command, November 1980 (FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY).

“Nuclear Weapons Engineering and Delivery,” Los Alamos Technical Series, Volume 23, LA-1161 July 1946 (SECRET/declassified).

“Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site: The First Decade,” John C. Hopkins and Barbara Killian, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, May 2011.

“On a Distributed Command and Control System Configuration,” Paul Baran, U.S. Air Force, Project RAND, Research Memorandum, RM-2632, December 31, 1960.

“On Distributed Communications Networks,” Paul Baran, RAND Corporation, P-2626, September 1962.

“On the Risk of an Accidental or Unauthorized Nuclear Detonation,” Fred Charles Iklé with Gerald J. Aronson and Albert Madansky, Research Memorandum, U.S. Air Force Project RAND, RM-2251, October 15, 1958 (CONFIDENTIAL/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“On Weapons Plutonium in the Arctic Environment (Thule, Greenland),” Mats Eriksson, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, Risø-R-1321(EN), April 2002.

“Operation Castle, Project 3.2: Crater Survey, Headquarters, Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, June 1955 (SECRET/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Operation Dominic: Fish Bowl Series,” Project Officers Report — Project 8C, Reentry Vehicle Tests, M. J. Rubenstein, Air Force Special Weapons Center, July 3, 1963 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Operation Dominic I, 1962,” United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests, Nuclear Test Personnel Review, Defense Nuclear Agency, February 1983.

“Operation Dominic II, Shot Small Boy, Project Officers Report — Project 7.14: Bomb Alarm Detector Test,” Cecil C. Harvell, Defense Atomic Support Agency, April 19, 1963 (CONFIDENTIAL/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Operation Ivy 1952,” United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests, Nuclear Test Personnel Review, Defense Nuclear Agency, DNA 6036F, December 1, 1982.

“Operation Upshot-Knothole, 1953,” United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests, Nuclear Test Personnel Review, Defense Nuclear Agency, DNA 6014F, January 11, 1982.

“The Origins and Evolution of S2C at Sandia National Laboratories, 1949–1996,” William L. Stevens, Consultant to Surety Assessment Center, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND99-1308, September 2001 (OFFICIAL USE ONLY).

“Our Nation’s Nuclear Warning System: Will It Work if We Need It?” Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session, September 26, 1985.

“Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Secruity Issues,” Paul K. Kerr and Mary Beth Nikitin, CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, March 19, 2013.

“PAL Control of Theater Nuclear Weapons,” Mark E. Bleck and Paul R. Souder, Command and Control Division, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND82-2436, March 1984 (SECRET/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Palomares Summary Report,” Field Command, Defense Nuclear Agency, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, January 15, 1975.

“Peace Is Our Profession; Alert Operations and the Strategic Air Command, 1957–1991,” Office of the Historian, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, December 7, 1991.

“Pit Lifetime,” JSR-06-335, MITRE Corporation, January 11, 2007.

“Plutonium Hazards Created by Accidental or Experimental Low-Order Detonation of Nuclear Weapons,” W. H. Langham, P. S. Harris, and T. L. Shipman, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, LA-1981, December 1955 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“The Postattack Population of the United States,” Ira S. Lowry, RAND Corporation, Prepared for the Technical Analysis Branch, United States Atomic Energy Commission, RM-5115-TAB, December 1966.

“A Preliminary Report on the B-52 Accident in Greenland on January 21, 1968,” Jørgen Koch, Symposium on Radiological Protection of the Public in Nuclear Mass Disasters, Interlaken, Switzerland, May 1968.

“A Primer on U.S. Strategic Nuclear Policy,” David M. Kunsman and Douglas B. Lawson, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2001-0053, January 2001.

“Progress Report to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Part III: Weapons,” United States Atomic Energy Commission, June Through November 1952 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Project Crescent: A Study of Salient Features for an Airborne Alert (Supersafe) Bomb,” Final Report, D. E. McGovern, Exploratory Systems Department I, Sandia Laboratories, SC-WD-70-879, April 1971 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Project Crested Ice: The Thule Nuclear Accident,” Vol. 1, SAC Historical Study No. 113, History & Research Division, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, April 23, 1969 (declassified), NSA.

“Project Crested Ice: USAF B-52 Accident at Thule, Greenland, 21 January 1968,” Defense Nuclear Agency, 1968 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Protecting U.S. Power to Strike Back in the 1950’s and 1960’s,” A. J. Wohlstetter, F. S. Hoffman and H. S. Rowen, U.S. Air Force Project RAND, R-290, September 1, 1956 (FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY).

“The Quick Count System: A User’s Manual,” N. D. Cohen, RAND Corporation, RM-4006-PR, April 1964.

“Reconsidering the Morality of Deterrence,” John D. Steinbruner and Tyler Wigg-Stevenson, CISSM Working Paper, Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland, University of Maryland, March 2012.

“Record of Decision: BOMARC Missile Accident Site, McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey,” Gary Vest, McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, November 20, 1992.

“Recovery from Nuclear Attack and Research and Action Programs to Enhance Recovery Prospects,” Jack C. Greene, Robert W. Stokely, and John K. Christian, International Center for Emergency Preparedness, Prepared for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., December 1979.

“Reevaluating Nuclear Safety and Security in a Post 9/11 Era,” Lisa Brown and Paul Booker, Sandia Report, Sandia National Laboratories, July 2005.

“Remedial Action and Final Radiological Status, 1964 B-58 Accident Site, Grissom Air Reserve Base, Bunker Hill, Indiana,” Steven E. Rademacher, Air Force Institute for Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Risk Analysis, IERA-SD-BR-SR-2000-0017, December 2000.

“Report of Ad Hoc Subcommittee on U.S. Policies Regarding Assignment of Nuclear Weapons to NATO; Includes Letter to President Kennedy and Appendices,” Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States,” February 11, 1961 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“Report to the Congress: Assessment of the Safety of U.S. Nuclear Weapons and Related Nuclear Test Requirements,“ R. E. Kidder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, July 26, 1991.

“Report of Missile Accident Investigation: Major Missile Accident, 18–19 September 1980, Titan II Complex 374-7, Assigned to 308th Strategic Missile Wing, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas,” Conducted at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, and Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, December 14–19, 1980.

“Report of Missile Accident Investigation: Major Missile Accident, Titan II Complex 533-7, Assigned to 381st Strategic Missile Wing, McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas,” Conducted at McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas, September 22–October 10, 1978.

“A Report to the National Security Council by the Executive Secretary on Basic National Security Policy,” NSC 162/2, October 30, 1953 (TOP SECRET/declassified).

“The Report of the Nuclear Weapons Safety Panel,” Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, 101st Congress, Second Session, December 18, 1990.

“Report of the Panel on Nuclear Weapons Safety of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, 101st Congress, Second Session,” Sidney D. Drell, Chairman; John S. Foster, Jr.; and Charles H. Townes, December 1990.

“Report on Recent False Alerts from the Nation’s Missile Warning System,” United States Senate, Committee on Armed Services, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session, October 9, 1980.

“Report of the Secretary of Defense Task Force on DoD Nuclear Weapons Management, Phase I: The Air Force’s Nuclear Mission,” James A. Blackwell, Jr., Executive Director, September 2008.

_____, “Phase II: Review of the DoD Nuclear Mission,” James A. Blackwell, Jr., Executive Director, December 2008.

“Report on the Unauthorized Movement of Nuclear Weapons,” Defense Science Board Permanent Task Force on Nuclear Weapons Surety, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., February 2008.

“Report of USAF Aerospace Safety Missile Accident Investigation Board, Missile Accident LGM-25C-62-006, Site 373-4,” Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, August 9, 1965.

“Requirements for Tactical Nuclear Weapons,” Special Studies Group, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Project 23, October 1962 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Rescue Mission Report, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Special Operations Review Group, July 16, 1979.

“Resilient Military Systems and the Advanced Cyber Threat,” Task Force Report, Defense Science Board, Department of Defense, January 2013.

“Restricted Data Declassification Decisions, 1946 to the Present,” RDD-8, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety, and Security, Office of Classification, January 1, 2002 (OFFICIAL USE ONLY/declassified).

“Retaliatory Issues for the U.S. Strategic Forces,” Congressional Budget Office, June 1978.

“A Review of Criticality Accidents,” William R. Stratton, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, LA-3611, January 1967.

“A Review of Criticality Accidents,” Thomas P. McLaughlin, Sean P. Monahan, Norman L. Pruvost, Vladimir V. Frolov, Boris G. Ryazanov, and Victor I. Sviridov, Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-13638, May 2000.

“A Review of the US Nuclear Weapon Safety Program—1945 to 1986,” R. N. Brodie, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND86-2955, February 1987 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“The SAC Alert Program, 1956–1959,” Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, January 1960 (SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“Security of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Overseas: Where Does It Stand?” Comptroller General of the United States, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal Services, Committee on Govermental Affairs, United States Senate, General Accounting Office, C-EMD-81-2, November 3, 1980.

“The Security of Nuclear Weapons in Pakistan,” Shaun Gregory, Pakistan Security Research Unit, Brief Number 22, November 18, 2007.

“Selection and Use of Strategic Bases,” A. J. Wohlstetter, F. S. Hoffman, R. J. Lutz, and H. S. Rowen, U.S. Air Force Project RAND, R-266, April 1954 (SECRET/declassified).

“Shots Encore to Climax: The Final Four Tests of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series, 8 May–4 June 1953,” United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests, Nuclear Test Personnel Review, Defense Nuclear Agency, 1982.

“60th Anniversary of Trinity: First Manmade Nuclear Explosion, July 16, 1945,” Public Symposium, National Academy of Sciences, July 14, 2005.

“Source Book on Plutonium and Its Decontamination,” F. C. Cobb and R. L. Van Hemert, Field Command, Kirtland AFB, Defense Nuclear Agency, DNA 3272T, September 24, 1973.

“Soviet Intentions 1965–1985, Volume I: An Analytical Comparison of U.S. — Soviet Assessments During the Cold War,” J. G. Hines, E. M. Mishulovich, and J. F. Shull, BDM Federal Inc., September 22, 1995 (declassified), NSA.

“Soviet Intentions 1965–1985, Volume II: Soviet Post-Cold War Testimonial Evidence,” J. G. Hines, E. M. Mishulovich, and J. F. Shull, BDM Federal, Inc., September 22, 1995 (declassified), NSA.

“A Soviet Paramilitary Attack on U.S. Nuclear Forces — A Concept,” L. G. Gref, A. L. Latter, E. A. Martinelli, and H. P. Smith, R & D Associates, Prepared for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, November 1974 (SECRET/declassified).

“Status of the Air Force Nuclear Security Roadmap,” Brigadier General Everett H. Thomas, Commander, Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center, Presentation to the Strategic Forces Subcommittee, House Armed Services Committee, House of Representatives, 111th Congress, January 21, 2010.

“Status of the MX Missile System,” Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, Second Session, May 1, 1980.

“Strategic Air Command and the Alert Program: A Brief History,” Dr. Henry M. Narducci, Office of the Historian, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, Offutt AFB, Nebraska, April 1, 1988.

“Strategic Air Command Operations in the Cuban Crisis of 1962,” Historical Study, Vol. 1, No. 90, February 1963 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“Strategic Air Command Participation in the Missile Program, 1 January 1958–30 June 1958,” Historical Study No. 72, Historical Division, Office of Information, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, 1958 (SECRET/declassified).

“Strategic Command, Control, and Communications: Alternative Approaches for Modernization,” a CBO Study, Congressional Budget Office, October 1981.

“Strategic Warning System False Alerts,” Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, Second Session, June 24, 1980.

“Striking First, Preemptive and Preventive Attack in U.S. National Security Policy,” Karl P. Mueller, Jasen J. Castillo, Forrest E. Morgan, Negeen Pegahi, and Brian Rosen, RAND, Project Air Force, Santa Monica, California, 2006.

“A Study on Evaluation of Warhead Safing Devices,” Headquarters, Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, FC/03580460, March 31, 1958 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Subject: Report of Special Weapons Incident [W 40] Bomarc Site, McGuire AFB, New Jersey,” Detachment 6, 2702D Explosive Ordnance Disposal Squadron, USAF, to 2702 EOD Sq, Wright-Patterson AFB, June 13, 1960 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“A Summary of NASA and USAF Hypergolic Propellant Related Spills and Fires,” B. M. Nufer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA/TP-2009-214769, June 2009.

“A Summary of the Program to Use Environmental Sensing Devices to Improve Handling Safety Protection for Nuclear Weapons,” William L. Stevens and C. Herman Mauney, Sandia Corporation, July 1961 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“A Survey of Nuclear Weapon Safety Problems and the Possibilities for Increasing Safety in Bomb and Warhead Design,” Prepared by Sandia Corporation with the Advice and Assistance of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and the University of California Ernest O. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, RS 3466/26889, February 1959 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Survey of Weapon Development and Technology” (WR708), Sandia National Laboratories, Corporate Training and Development, February 1998 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Tech Area II: A History,” Rebecca Ullrich, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND98-1617, July 1998.

“Thule-2003 — Investigation of Radioactive Contamination,” Sven P. Nielsen and Per Roos, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, Risø-R-1549(EN), May 2006.

“Titan II Action Item Status Reports,” Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, August 1, 1982.

“Titan II Class A Mishap Report: Serial Number 62-0006, 18 September 1980, Damascus, Arkansas,” Eighth Air Force Mishap Investigation Board, October 30, 1980.

“Titan II Launch Facility Accident Briefing, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas,” Charles F. Strang, Minutes of the Ninth Explosives Safety Seminar, Naval Training Center, San Diego, California, August 15–17, 1967.

“Titan II Storable Propellant Handbook,” Bell Aerosystems Company, Prepared for Air Force Ballistic Systems Division, March 1963.

“Titan II Weapon System: Review Group Report,” December 1980.

“Transforming the Security Classification System,” Report to the President from the Public Interest Declassification Board, November 2012.

“Trimming Nuclear Excess: Options for Further Reductions of U.S. and Russian Nuclear Forces,” Hans M. Kristensen, Federation of American Scientists, Special Report No. 5, December 2012.

“The Unauthorized Movement of Nuclear Weapons and Mistaken Shipment of Classified Missile Components: An Assessment,” Michelle Spencer, A. Ludin, H. Nelson, The Counterproliferation Papers, Future Warfare Series No. 56, USAF Counterproliferation Center, January 2012.

“The Unique Signal Concept for Detonation Safety in Nuclear Weapons,” Stanley D. Spray, and J. A. Cooper, System Studies Department, Sandia National Laboraties, SAND91-1269, June 1993.

“United States Air Force Missile Accident Investigation Board Report, Minuteman III Launch Facility A06, 319 Missile Sq., 90 Op. Group, 90 Missile Wing, F. E. Warren AFB, Wyoming, May 23, 2008,” Robert M. Walker, President, Accident Investigation Board, September 18, 2008.

“United States Defense Policies in 1961,” House Document No. 502, Library of Congress, Legislative Reference Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, June 7, 1962.

“United States High-Altitude Test Experiences: A Review Emphasizing the Impact on the Environment,” Herman Hoerlin, LASL Monograph, Los Alamos National Laboratory, October 1976.

“United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 Through September 1992,” United States Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office, December 2000.

“USAF Ballistic Missiles, 1958–1959,” Max Rosenberg, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, July 1960 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“USAF Ballistic Missile Programs, 1962–1964,” Bernard C. Nalty, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, April 1966 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

—— “1964–1966,” March 1967 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“USAF Ballistic Missile Programs, 1969–1970,” Jacob Neufeld, Office of Air Force History, June 1971 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“USAF Mishap Report, Parking Spot A-10, Grand Forks Air Force Base,” Headquarters Fifteenth Air Force, September 29, 1980.

“The U.S. ICBM Force: Current Issues and Future Options,” C. H. Builder, D. C. Kephart, A. Laupa, a Report Prepared for U.S. Air Force Project RAND, R-1754-PR, October 1975 (SECRET/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“U.S. Strategic Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence,” C. Johnston Conover, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, August 1977.

“U.S. Tactical Nuclear Weapons in Europe After NATO’s Lisbon Summit: Why Their Withdrawal Is Desirable and Feasible,” Tom Sauer and Bob Van Der Zwaan, Discussion Paper No. 2011-015, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, 2011.

“The View from Above: High-Level Decisions and the Soviet-American Strategic Arms Competition, 1945–1950, “Samuel R. Williamson, Jr., with the collaboration of Steven L. Rearden, Office of the Secretary of Defense, October 1975 (TOP SECRET/declassified).

“Vulnerability Program Summary: Joint DOD-AEC Weapon Vulnerability Program,” Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, FC/010 May 1958 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Weapon System Familiarization, LGM-25 (Titan II),” Course O7R1821F/3121F, Technical Training, Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, January 1965.

“WSEG Report No. 50, Evaluation of Strategic Offensive Weapons System, Weapons System Evaluation Group, ODDR&E, December 27, 1960 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA 00422.

“The Worldwide Military Command and Control System: A Historical Perspective (1960–1977),” Historical Division, Joint Secretariat, Joint Chiefs of Staff, September 1980 (SECRET/declassified).

“The World Wide Military Command and Control System — Major Changes Needed in Its Automated Data Processing Management and Direction,” Comptroller General of the United States, Report to the Congress, General Accounting Office, December 14, 1979.

“Worldwide Survey of Alcohol and Nonmedical Drug Use Among Military Personnel: 1982,” R. M. Bray, L. L. Guess, R. E. Mason, R. L. Hubbard, D. G. Smith, M. E. Marsden, and J. V. Rachel, Research Triangle Institute, July 1983.

“The Yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki Nuclear Explosions,” John Malik, Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-8819, September 1985.

Journal Articles

Adamsky, Viktor, and Yuri Smirnov. “Moscow’s Biggest Bomb: The 50-Megaton Test of October 1961,” Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Issue 4, Fall 1994.

Allard, Dean C. “Interservice Differences in the United States, 1945–1950 — A Naval Perspective,” Airpower Journal, Winter 1989.

Alperovitz, Gar, and K. Bird. “A Theory of Cold War Dynamics: U.S. Policy, Germany, and the Bomb,” History Teacher, Vol. 29, No. 3, May 1996, 281–300.

Anderson, Herbert L. “Metropolis, Monte Carlo, and the MANIAC,” Los Alamos Science, Fall 1986.

Asada, Sadao. “The Shock of the Atomic Bomb and Japan’s Decision to Surrender — A Reconsideration,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 67, No. 4, November 1998, 477–512.

Bacevich, A.J. “The Paradox of Professionalism: Eisenhower, Ridgway, and the Challenge to Civilian Control, 1953–1955,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 61, No. 2, April 1997, 303–33.

Ball, Desmond. “Can Nuclear War Be Controlled?” Adelphi Paper #169, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981.

——. “U.S. Strategic Forces: How Would They Be Used?” International Security, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1982, 31–60.

——. “Nuclear War at Sea,” International Security, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1985, 3–31.

——. “Controlling Theatre Nuclear War,” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 19, No. 3, July 1989, 303–27.

——. “Improving Communications Links Between Moscow and Washington,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1991, 135–59.

Belletto, Steven. “The Game Theory Narrative and the Myth of the National Security State,” American Quarterly, Vol. 61, No. 2, June 2009, 333–57.

Bernstein, Barton J. “The Quest for Security: American Foreign Policy and International Control of Atomic Energy, 1942–1946,” Journal of American History, Vol. 60, No. 4, March 1974, 1003–44.

——. “Eclipsed by Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Early Thinking About Tactical Nuclear Weapons,” International Security, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1991, 149–73.

——. “The Alarming Japanese Buildup on Southern Kyushu, Growing U.S. Fears, and Counterfactual Analysis: Would the Planned November 1945 Invasion of Southern Kyushu Have Occurred?” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 68, No. 4, 1999, 561–609.

——. “Reconsidering the ‘Atomic General’: Leslie R. Groves,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 67, No. 3, July 2003, 883–920.

Betts, Richard K. “A Nuclear Golden Age? The Balance Before Parity,” International Security, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1986, 3–32.

Biddle, Tami Davis. “Dresden 1945: Reality, History, and Memory,” Journal of Military History, April 2008, 413–49.

Blackett, P.M.S. “Nuclear Weapons and Defence: Comments on Kissinger, Kennan, and King-Hall,” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), Vol. 34, No. 4, October 1958, 421–34.

Brands, H.W. “The Age of Vulnerability: Eisenhower and the National Insecurity State,” American Historical Review, Vol. 94, No. 4, October 1989, 963–89.

Bray, R.M., M. E. Marsden, and M. R. Peterson. “Standardized Comparisons of the Use of Alcohol, Drugs, and Cigarettes Among Military Personnel and Civilians,” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 81, No. 7, July 1991, 865–69.

Bray, R.M., and L. L. Hourani. “Substance Use Trends Among Active Duty Military Personnel: Findings from the United States Department of Defense Health Related Behavior Surveys, 1980–2005,” Addiction, Vol. 102, No. 7, 2007, 1092–1101.

Bresler, Robert J., and R. C. Gray. “The Bargaining Chip and SALT,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 92, No. 1, 1977, 65–88.

Briggs, Herbert W. “World Government and the Control of Atomic Energy,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 249, Social Implications of Modern Science, January 1947, 42–53.

Brodie, Bernard. “The McNamara Phenomenon,” World Politics, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1965, 672–86.

Buhite, Russell D., and W. Christopher Hamel. “War for Peace: The Question of an American Preventive War Against the Soviet Union, 1945–1955,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1990, 367–84.

Burr, William. “The Nixon Administration, the ‘Horror Strategy,’ and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options, 1969–1972,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2005, 34–78.

——, and J. T. Richelson. “Whether to ‘Strangle the Baby in the Cradle’: The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960–1964,” International Security, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2000, 54–99.

Burt, Marvin R. “Prevalence and Consequences of Drug Abuse Among U.S. Military Personnel: 1980,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1981–82, 419–39.

Carter, Donald Alan. “Eisenhower Versus the Generals,” The Journal of Military History, Issue 71, October 2007, 1169–99.

Colman, Jonathan. “The 1950 ‘Ambassador’s Agreement’ on USAF Bases in the UK and British Fears of US Atomic Unilateralism,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, April 2007, 285–307.

Dyer, Davis. “Necessity as the Mother of Convention: Developing the ICBM, 1954–1958,” Business and Economic History, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1993, 194–209.

Earle, Edward Mead. “H. G. Wells, British Patriot in Search of a World State,” World Politics, Vol. 2, No. 2, January 1950, 181–208.

Egilsson, Haraldur Þór. “The Origins, Use and Development of Hot Line Diplomacy,” Netherlands Institute of International Relations, Issue 85 in Discussion Papers in Diplomacy.

Elliot, David C. “Project Vista and Nuclear Weapons in Europe,” International Security, Vol. 11, No. 1, Summer 1986, 163–83.

Enthoven, Alain C. “Defense and Disarmament: Economic Analysis in the Department of Defense,” American Economic Review, Vol. 53, No. 2, 1963, 413–23.

——. “U.S. Forces in Europe: How Many? Doing What?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 53, No. 3, 1975, 513–32.

Evangelista, Matthew. “Stalin’s Postwar Army Reappraised,” International Security, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1982, 110–38.

——. “The ‘Soviet Threat’: Intentions, Capabilities, and Context,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1998, 439–49.

Forsyth, James Wood, Jr., B. C. Saltzman, and G. Schaub, Jr. “Remembrance of Things Past: The Enduring Value of Nuclear Weapons,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 2010, 74–89.

Frankel, Sherman. “Aborting Unauthorized Launches of Nuclear-Armed Ballistic Missiles Through Postlaunch Destruction,” Science & Global Security, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1990, 1–20.

Fravel, M. Taylor, and Evan S. Medeiros. “China’s Search for Assured Retaliation: The Evolution of Chinese Nuclear Strategy and Force Structure,” International Security, Vol. 35, No. 2, Fall 2010, 48–87.

Garwin, Richard L. “New Weapons/Old Doctrines: Strategic Warfare in the 1980s,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 124, No. 4, 1980, 261–65.

Gavin, Francis J. “The Myth of Flexible Response: United States Strategy in Europe During the 1960s,” International History Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, December 2001, 847–75.

Gentile, Gian P. “Advocacy or Assessment? The United States Strategic Bombing Survey of Germany and Japan,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 66, No. 1, February 1997, 53–79.

——. “Planning for Preventive War, 1945–1950,” Joint Force Quarterly, Spring 2000, 68–74.

Giangreco, D.M. “Casualty Projections for the U.S. Invasions of Japan, 1945–1946: Planning and Policy Implications,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 61, No. 3, 1997, 521–81.

_____. “‘A Score of Bloody Okinawas and Iwo Jimas’: President Truman and Casualty Estimates for the Invasion of Japan,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 72, No. 1, February 2003, 93–132.

Gibson, J. William. “Redeeming Vietnam: Techno-Thriller Novels of the 1980s,” Cultural Critique, No. 19, The Economics of War, Autumn 1991, 179–202.

Gimbel, John. “U.S. Policy and German Scientists: The Early Cold War,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 101, No. 3, 1986, 433–51.

Glaser, C.L., and S. Fetter. “Counterforce Revisited: Assessing the Nuclear Posture Review’s New Missions,” International Security, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2005, 84–126.

Goncharov, G.A. “American and Soviet H-Bomb Development Programmes: Historical Background,” Physics-Uspekhi, Vol. 39, No. 10, 1996, 1033–44.

Graybar, Lloyd J. “The 1946 Atomic Bomb Tests: Atomic Diplomacy or Bureaucratic Infighting?” Journal of American History, Vol. 72, No. 4, March 1986, 888–907.

Gregory, Shaun. “The Security of Nuclear Weapons in Pakistan,” Pakistan Security Research Unit, Brief No. 22, November 18, 2007.

Guidotti, Ronald A. “Thermal Batteries: A Technology Review and Future Directions,” Sandia National Laboratory, Presented at 27th International SAMPE Technical Conference, October 9–12, 1995, SAND95-1313C.

_____, and P. Masset. “Thermally Activated (‘Thermal’) Battery Technology, Part I: An Overview,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 161, No. 2, 2006, 1443–49.

Hämäläinen, P., J. Takala, and K. L. Saarela. “Global Estimates of Occupational Accidents,” Safety Science, No. 44, 2006, 137–56.

Harlow, Francis H., and N. Metropolis. “Computing and Computers: Weapons Simulation Leads to the Computer Era,” Los Alamos Science, Winter/Spring 1983, 132–41.

Harvey, John R., and Stefan Michalowski. “Nuclear Weapons Safety: The Case of Trident,” Science and Global Security, Vol. 4, 1994, 261–337.

Harvey, Mose L. “Lend-Lease to Russia: A Story That Needs to Be Told Like It Was,” Russian Review, Vol. 29, No. 1, January 1970, 81–86.

Herken, Gregg. “‘A Most Deadly Illusion’: The Atomic Secret and American Nuclear Weapons Policy, 1945–1950,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 49, No. 1, February 1980, pp. 51–76.

Herring, George C., Jr. “Lend-Lease to Russia and the Origins of the Cold War, 1944–1945,” Journal of American History, Vol. 56, No. 1, June 1969, 93–114.

Hewitt, Kenneth. “Place Annihilation: Area Bombing and the Fate of Urban Places,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 73, No. 2, June 1983, 257–84.

Holt, George C. “The Conference on World Government,” Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 17, No. 5, May 1946, 227–35.

Holt, Hamilton. “The League to Enforce Peace,” Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York, Vol. 7, No. 2, The Foreign Relations of the United States: Part I, July 1917, 65–69.

_____. “The League of Nations Effective,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 96, The Place of the United States in a World Organization for the Maintenance of Peace, July 1921, 1–10.

Hooks, Gregory. “The Rise of the Pentagon and U.S. State Building: The Defense Program as Industrial Policy,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 96, No. 2, September 1990, 358–404.

Hughes, Jeff. “The Strath Report: Britain Confronts the H-Bomb, 1954–1955,” History and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2003, 257–75.

Huntington, Samuel P. “Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 55, No. 1, March 1961, 40–52.

Iklé, Fred C. “The Effect of War Destruction upon the Ecology of Cities,” Social Forces, Vol. 29, No. 4, May 1951, 383–91.

_____. “The Social Versus the Physical Effects from Nuclear Bombing,” Scientific Monthly, Vol. 78, No. 3, March 1954, 182–87.

_____. “When the Fighting Has to Stop: The Arguments About Escalation,” World Politics, Vol. 19, No. 4, July 1967, 692–707.

_____. “Can Nuclear Deterrence Last Out the Century?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 51, No. 2, January 1973, 267–85.

_____. “The Prevention of Nuclear War in a World of Uncertainty,” Policy Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1976, 245–50.

Johnson, Robert H. “Periods of Peril: The Window of Vulnerability and Other Myths,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 61, No. 4, 950–70.

Jones, Matthew. “Targeting China: U.S. Nuclear Planning and ‘Massive Retaliation’ in East Asia, 1953–1955,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2008, 37–65.

Kanwal, Gurmeet. “Are Pakistan’s Nuclear Warheads Safe?” Pakistan Security Research Unit, Brief No. 27, January 24, 2008.

Kincade, William H. “Repeating History: The Civil Defense Debate Renewed,” International Security, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1978, 99–120.

Kissinger, Henry A. “Force and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 34, No. 3, April 1956, 349–66.

Komer, Robert W. “What ‘Decade of Neglect’?” International Security, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1985, 70–83.

Kramer, Mark. “The Soviet Union and the 1956 Crises in Hungary and Poland: Reassessments and New Findings,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 33, No. 2, April 1998, 163–214.

Kringlen, Einar. “The Myth of Rationality in Situations of Crisis,” Medicine and War, Vol. I, 1985, 187–94.

McNamara, Robert S. “The Military Role of Nuclear Weapons: Perceptions and Misperceptions,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 62, No. 1, 1983, 59–80.

Metropolis, N. “The Age of Computing: A Personal Memoir,” Daedalus, a New Era in Computation, Vol. 121, No. 1, 1992, 119–30.

Mian, Zia, M. V. Ramana, and R. Rajaraman. “Plutonium Dispersal and Health Hazards from Nuclear Weapon Accidents,” Current Science, Vol. 80, No. 10, 2001, 1275–84.

Moore, Richard. “The Real Meaning of the Words: A Pedantic Glossary of British Nuclear Weapons,” UK Nuclear History Working Paper, Number 1, Mountbatten Centre for International Studies, March 2004.

Morland, Howard. “Born Secret,” Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, March 2005, 1401–8.

Neufeld, Michael J. “The End of the Army Space Program: Interservice Rivalry and the Transfer of the von Braun Group to NASA, 1958–1959,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 69, No. 3, July 2005, 737–58.

Newman, Robert P. “Ending the War with Japan: Paul Nitze’s ‘Early Surrender’ Counterfactual,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 64, No. 2, May 1995, 167–94.

_____. “Hiroshima and the Trashing of Henry Stimson,” New England Quarterly, Vol. 71, No. 1, March 1998, 5–32.

Oakes, Guy. “The Cold War Conception of Nuclear Reality: Mobilizing the American Imagination for Nuclear War in the 1950’s,” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1993, 339–63.

_____, and A. Grossman. “Managing Nuclear Terror: The Genesis of American Civil Defense Strategy,” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1992, 361–403.

Olesen, Thorsten Borring. “Tango for Thule: The Dilemmas and Limits of the ‘Neither Confirm Nor Deny’ Doctrine in Danish-American Relations, 1957–1968,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, Spring 2011, 116–47.

Park, You-Me. “Compensation to Fit the Crime: Conceptualizing a Just Paradigm of Reparation for Korean ‘Comfort Women,’” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2010, 204–13.

Pearlman, Michael D. “Unconditional Surrender, Demobilization, the Atomic Bomb,” U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Combat Studies Institute, 1996.

Perkins, Ray. “Bertrand Russell and Preventive War,” Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies, Vol. 14, Iss. 2, 1994, 135–53.

Pines, Maya. “The Magic Carpet of Inertial Guidance,” Harper’s Magazine, Vol. 224, No. 1342, March 1962, 72–81.

Potter, William C. “Coping with MIRV in a MAD World,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1978, 599–626.

Prados, John. “The Navy’s Biggest Betrayal,” U.S. Naval Institute, Naval History Magazine, Vol. 24, No. 3, 2010.

Preble, Christopher A. “‘Who Ever Believed in the “Missile Gap”?’: John F. Kennedy and the Politics of National Security,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4, December 2003, 801–26.

Quester, George H. “Through the Nuclear Strategic Looking Glass, or Reflections off the Window of Vulnerability,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1987, 725–37.

Ralph, William W. “Improvised Destruction: Arnold, LeMay, and the Firebombing of Japan,” War in History, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2006, 495–522.

Robock, Alan. “Nuclear Winter Is a Real and Present Danger,” Nature, Vol. 473, May 19, 2011, 275–76.

Roman, Peter J. “Ike’s Hair-Trigger: U.S. Nuclear Predelegation, 1953–60,” Security Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4, 121–64.

Rosenberg, David Alan. “American Atomic Strategy and the Hydrogen Bomb Decision,” Journal of American History, Vol. 66, No. 1, June 1979, 62–87.

_____. “The Origins of Overkill: Nuclear Weapons and American Strategy 1945–1960,” International Security, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1983, 3–71.

_____, and W. B. Moore. “‘A Smoking Radiating Ruin at the End of Two Hours’: Documents on American Plans for Nuclear War with the Soviet Union, 1954–55,” International Security, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1981, 3–38.

Sagan, Scott D. “SIOP-62: The Nuclear War Plan Briefing to President Kennedy,” International Security, Vol. 12, No. 1, Summer 1987, 22–51.

_____. “Nuclear Alerts and Crisis Management,” International Security, Vol. 9, No. 4, Spring 1985, 122–31.

_____, and J. Suri. “The Madman Nuclear Alert,” International Security, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2003, 150–83.

Scott, Len, and S. Smith. “Lessons of October: Historians, Political Scientists, Policy Makers and the Cuban Missile Crisis,” International Affairs, Vol. 70, No. 4, October 1994, 659–84.

Searle, Thomas R. “‘It Made a Lot of Sense to Kill Skilled Workers’: The Firebombing of Tokyo in March 1945,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 66, No. 1, January 2002, 103–33.

Seckel, Al. “Russell and the Cuban Missile Crisis,” Russell: Journal of the Bertrand Russell Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, 253–61.

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Steinbruner, John D. “Nuclear Decapitation,” Foreign Policy No. 45 (Winter 1981–1982), 16–28.

_____, and T. M. Garwin. “Strategic Vulnerability: The Balance Between Prudence and Paranoia,” International Security, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1976, 138–81.

Stiles, David. “A Fusion Bomb over Andalucía: U.S. Information Policy and the 1966 Palomares Incident,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2006, 49–67.

Sutton, George P. “History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines in the United States,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 19, No. 6, 2003, 978–1007.

Tertrais, Bruno. “A Nuclear Coup? France, the Algerian War and the April 1961 Nuclear Test,” Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique, Draft, October 2, 2011.

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Trachtenberg, Marc. “The Influence of Nuclear Weapons in the Cuban Missile Crisis,” International Security, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1985, 137–63.

_____. “The ‘Accidental War’ Question,” Department of History — University of Pennsylvania, February 14, 2000.

Tsypkin, Mikhail. “Adventures of the ‘Nuclear Briefcase’: A Russian Document Analysis,” Strategic Insights, Vol. 3, Iss. 9, 2004.

Twigge, Stephen, and L. Scott. “Learning to Love the Bomb: The Command and Control of British Nuclear Forces, 1953–1964,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1999, 29–53.

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Wells, Samuel F., Jr. “The Origins of Massive Retaliation,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 96, No. 1, 1981, 31–52.

Woolven, Robin. “UK Civil Defence and Nuclear Weapons, 1953–1959,” UK Nuclear History Working Paper No. 2, Mountbatten Centre for International Studies (n.d.).

Yockey, Charles C., B. M. Eden, and R. B. Byrd. “The McConnell Missile Accident: Clinical Spectrum of Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 244, No. 11, September 12, 1980, 1221–23.

Young, Ken. “A Most Special Relationship: The Origins of Anglo-American Nuclear Strike Planning,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2007, 5–31.

_____. “No Blank Cheque: Anglo-American (Mis)understandings and the Use of the English Airbases,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 71, No. 4, 2007, 1133–67.

_____. “US Atomic Capability and the British Forward Bases in the Early Cold War,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 42, No. 1, January 2007, 117–36.

Zubok, Vladislav M. “Khrushchev and the Berlin Crisis (1958–1962),” Cold War International History Project — Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 6, Washington, D.C., May 1993.

Dissertations

Fitzpatrick, Anne. “Igniting the Elements: The Los Alamos Thermonuclear Project, 1942–1952,” Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-13577-T, Thesis, July 1999.

Francis, Sybil. “Warhead Politics: Livermore and the Competitive System of Nuclear Weapons Design,” Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Politic Science, 1995.

Isemann, James Louis. “To Detect, to Deter, to Defend: The Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line and Early Cold War Defense Policy, 1953–1957,” Dissertation, Department of History, Kansas State University, 2009.

Jodoin, Vincent J. “Nuclear Cloud Rise and Growth,” Dissertation, Graduate School of Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Air University, June 1994.

Michel, Marshall L., III. “The Revolt of the Majors: How the Air Force Changed After Vietnam,” Dissertation Submitted to Auburn University, Alabama, December 15, 2006.

Pomeroy, Steven Anthony. “Echos That Never Were: American Mobile Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, 1956–1983,” Dissertation Submitted to Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, August 7, 2006.

Document Collections

Cantelon, Philip L., Richard G. Hewlett, and Robert C. Williams. The American Atom: A Documentary History of Nuclear Policies from the Discovery of Fission to the Present. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.

Coster-Mullen, John. Atom Bombs: The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man. Waukesha, WI: John Coster-Mullen, 2009.

Etzold, Thomas E., and John Lewis Gaddis. Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945–1950. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.

Ferrell, Robert H., ed. Harry S. Truman and the Bomb: A Documentary History. Worland, WY: High Plains Publishing Company, 1996.

Hansen, Chuck. The Swords of Armageddon (Digital Collection). Sunnyvale, CA: Chuklea Publications, 2007.

Kort, Michael. The Columbia Guide to Hiroshima and the Bomb. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012.

Maggelet, Michael H., and James C. Oskins. Broken Arrow: The Declassified History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accidents. Raleigh, NC: Lulu, 2007.

_____. Broken Arrow, Volume II: A Disclosure of Significant U.S., Soviet, and British Nuclear Weapon Incidents and Accidents, 1945–2008. Raleigh, NC: Lulu, 2010.

May, Ernest R., and Philip D. Zelikow. The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton, 2002.

Merrill, Dennis, ed. Documentary History of the Truman Presidency, Volume 1: The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan. Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America, 1995.

Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Containing the Public Messages and Statements of the President, January 1, 1960 to January 20, 1961. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, 1961.

Steury, Donald P., ed. Intentions and Capabilities: Estimates on Soviet Strategic Forces, 1953–1983. Washington, D.C.: History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1996.

United States State Department. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, Volume V, Europe. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1967.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946, Volume I, General, the United Nations. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States: 1946, Volume VI, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Volume XIX, National Security Policy. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Volume III, National Security Policy, Arms Control and Disarmament. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume VIII, National Security Policy. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume XI, Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Berlin Crisis, Volume XIV, 1961–1962. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Berlin Crisis, Volume XV, 1962–1963. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume XVI, Eastern Europe; Cyprus; Greece; Turkey. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994.

_____. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXXIV, National Security Policy, 1969–1972. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2011.

Letters, Diaries, Memoirs, and Oral Histories

Adams, Chris. Inside the Cold War: A Cold Warrior’s Reflections. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, September 1999.

Alvarez, Luis W., Alvarez: Adventures of a Physicist. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

Anderson, Clinton P., with Milton Viorst. Outsider in the Senate: Senator Clinton Anderson’s Memoirs. New York: World Publishing Company, 1970.

Badash, Lawrence, Joseph O. Hirschfelder, and Herbert P. Broida, eds. Reminiscences of Los Alamos, 1943–1945. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1980.

Boyle, Peter G., ed. The Churchill-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953–1955. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

Brian, Denis. The Voice of Genius: Conversations with Nobel Scientists and Other Luminaries. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

Brown, Harold. Thinking About National Security: Defense and Foreign Policy in a Dangerous World. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Advisor, 1977–1981. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 1983.

Bundy, McGeorge. Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years. New York: Random House, 1988.

Carter, Bill, and Judi Turner. Get Carter: Backstage in History from JFK’s Assassination to the Rolling Stones. Nashville, TN: Fine’s Creek Publishing, 2006.

Carter, Jimmy. White House Diary. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 2010.

Chertok, Boris. Rockets and People, Volume II: Creating a Rocket Industry. Washington, D.C.: NASA History Series, 2006.

Clancy, Tom, and Chuck Horner. Every Man a Tiger. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1999.

Clinton, Bill. My Life. New York: Knopf, 2004.

Courchene, Douglas E. Pioneers with Intent: Memoirs of an Air Force Fire Fighter. Tyndall Air Force Base, FL: Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency, July 2003.

D’Amario, Alfred J. Hangar Flying. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.

Enthoven, Alain C., and K. Wayne Smith. How Much Is Enough? Shaping the Defense Program, 1961–1969. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1971.

Ferrell, Robert H., ed. The Eisenhower Diaries. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981.

Gates, Robert M. From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.

Groves, Leslie R. Now It Can Be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project. New York: Da Capo Press, 1982.

Gulley, Bill, with Mary Ellen Reese. Breaking Cover. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1980.

Jordan, Hamilton. Crisis: The Last Year of the Carter Presidency. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1982.

Kelly, Cynthia C., ed. The Manhattan Project: The Birth of the Atomic Bomb in the Words of Its Creators, Eyewitnesses, and Historians. New York: Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers, Inc., 2007.

Kissinger, Henry A.. White House Years. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979.

_____. Years of Upheaval. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982.

_____. Years of Renewal. New York: Touchstone, 1999.

Kistiakowsky, George B. A Scientist at the White House: The Private Diary of President Eisenhower’s Special Assistant for Science and Technology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976.

Kohn, Richard H., and Joseph P. Harahan, eds. Strategic Air Warfare: An Interview with Generals Curtis E. LeMay, Leon W. Johnson, David A. Burchinal, and Jack J. Catton. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1988.

Leavitt, Lloyd R. Following the Flag: An Air Force Officer Provides an Eyewitness View of Major Events and Policies During the Cold War. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press, 2010.

LeMay, Curtis E., with Dale O. Smith. America Is in Danger. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1968.

_____, with MacKinlay Kantor. Mission with LeMay: My Story. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965.

Lilienthal, David E. The Journals of David E. Lilienthal, Volume II: The Atomic Energy Years, 1945–1950. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Little, James S. Brotherhood of Doom: Memoirs of a Navy Nuclear Weaponsman. Bradenton, FL: Booklocker, 2008.

McNamara, Robert, with Brian VanDeMark. In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. New York: Vintage Books, 1996.

Meyer, Cord. Facing Reality: From World Federalism to the CIA. New York: Harper & Row, 1980.

Millis, Walter, and E. S. Duffield, eds. The Forrestal Diaries. New York: Viking, 1951.

Nichols, Kenneth D. The Road to Trinity: A Personal Account of How America’s Nuclear Policies Were Made. New York: William Morrow, 1987.

Nutter, Ralph H. With the Possum and the Eagle: The Memoir of a Navigator’s War over Germany and Japan. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 2002.

O’Keefe, Bernard J. Nuclear Hostages. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983.

Powell, Colin, with Joseph E. Persico. My American Journey. New York: Random House, 1995.

Power, Thomas S., with Albert A. Arnhym. Design for Survival. New York: Coward-McCann, 1964.

Pryor, David, with Don Harrell. A Pryor Commitment: The Autobiography of David Pryor. Little Rock, AR: Butler Center Books, 2008.

Reed, Thomas C. At the Abyss: An Insider’s History of the Cold War. New York: Ballantine Books, 2004.

Rubel, John H. Doomsday Delayed: USAF Strategic Weapons Doctrine and SIOP-62, 1959–1962, Two Cautionary Tales. New York: Hamilton Books, 2008.

_____. Reflections on Fame and Some Famous Men. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press, 2009.

Schonfeld, Reese. Me and Ted Against the World: The Unauthorized Story of the Founding of CNN. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.

Sheff, David, and G. Barry Golson, eds. All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2000.

Sweeney, Charles W., with James A. Antonucci and Marion K. Antonucci. War’s End: An Eyewitness Account of America’s Last Atomic Mission. New York: Avon Books, 1997.

Vance, Cyrus. Hard Choices: Critical Years in America’s Foreign Policy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.

Womack, John. Titan Tales: Diary of a Titan II Missile Crew Commander. Franklin, NC: Soliloquy Press, 1997.

York, Herbert F. Making Weapons, Talking Peace: A Physicist’s Odyssey from Hiroshima to Geneva. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

_____. Race to Oblivion: A Participant’s View of the Arms Race. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970.

Books

Abella, Alex. Soldiers of Reason: The RAND Corporation and the Rise of the American Empire. New York: Harcourt, 2008.

Abrahamson, James L., and Paul H. Carew. Vanguard of American Atomic Deterrence: The Sandia Pioneers, 1946–1949. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002.

Ackland, Len. Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1999.

Air Force Missileers: Victors in the Cold War. Paducah, KY: Association of the Air Force Missileers, Turner Publishing Company, 1998.

Allison, Graham. Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe. New York: Times Books, 2004.

_____, and Philip Zelikow. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Longman, 1999.

Alperovitz, Gar. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb. New York: Vintage Books, 1996.

Ambrose, Stephen E. Eisenhower, Soldier and President: The Renowned One-Volume Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.

Ammerman, Robert T., Peggy J. Ott, and Ralph E. Tarter, eds. Prevention and Societal Impact of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1999.

Anderson, Martin, and Annelise Anderson. Reagan’s Secret War: The Untold Story of His Fight to Save the World from Nuclear Disaster. New York: Crown Publishers, 2009.

Andrew, Christopher, and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. New York: Basic Books, 1999.

_____. The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. New York: Basic Books, 2005.

Arbatov, Alexei, and Vladimir Dvorkin. Beyond Nuclear Deterrence: Transforming the U.S. — Russian Equation. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006.

Armacost, Michael H. The Politics of Weapons Innovation: The Thor-Jupiter Controversy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969.

Auten, Brian J. Carter’s Conversion: The Hardening of American Defense Policy. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2008.

Ayson, Robert. Thomas Schelling and the Nuclear Age: Strategy as Social Science. New York: Frank Cass, 2004.

Ball, Adrian. Ballistic and Guided Missiles. London: Frederick Muller, 1960.

Ball, Desmond. Politics and Force Levels: The Strategic Missile Program of the Kennedy Administration. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.

_____, and Jeffrey Richelson. Strategic Nuclear Targeting. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.

Barlow, Jeffrey G. Revolt of the Admirals: The Fight for Naval Aviation 1945–1950. Washington, D.C.: Government Reprints Press, 2001.

Berhow, Mark A. U.S. Strategic and Defensive Missile Systems, 1950–2004. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2005.

Bernstein, Jeremy. Plutonium: A History of the World’s Most Dangerous Element. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2007.

Bird, Kai, and Martin J. Sherwin. American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. New York: Vintage Books, 2006.

Blair, Bruce G. Strategic Command and Control: Redefining the Nuclear Threat. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1985.

_____. The Logic of Accidental Nuclear War. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993.

_____. Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1995.

Blechman, Barry, ed. Technology and the Limitation of International Conflict. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Policy Institute, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, 1989.

Bliss, Edward, Jr., ed. In Search of Light: The Broadcasts of Edward R. Murrow 1938–1961. New York: Knopf, 1967.

Borowski, Harry R. A Hollow Threat: Strategic Air Power and Containment Before Korea. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982.

Bowden, Mark. The Finish: The Killing of Osama bin Laden. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2012.

Bower, Tom. The Paperclip Conspiracy: The Hunt for the Nazi Scientists. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987.

Boyer, Paul. By the Bomb’s Early Light: American Thought and Culture at the Dawn of the Atomic Age. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.

Bracken, Paul. The Command and Control of Nuclear Forces. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1983.

_____. The Second Nuclear Age: Strategy, Danger, and the New Power Politics. New York: Times Books, 2012.

Brennan, Frederick Hazlitt. One of Our H-Bombs Is Missing. New York: Fawcett Publications, 1955.

Bright, Christopher J. Continental Defense in the Eisenhower Era: Nuclear Antiaircraft Arms and the Cold War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Bryant, Peter. Red Alert. New York: Ace Books, 1958.

Brzenzinski, Matthew. Red Moon Rising: Sputnik and the Hidden Rivalries That Ignited the Space Age. New York: Henry Holt, 2007.

Bunn, George, and Christopher F. Chyba, eds. U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy: Confronting Today’s Threats. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2006.

Burdick, Eugene, and Harvey Wheeler. Fail-Safe. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.

Burnham, John C. Accident Prone: A History of Technology, Psychology, and Misfits of the Machine Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

Burrows, William E. By Any Means Necessary: America’s Secret Air War in the Cold War. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 2001.

Call, Steve. Selling Air Power: Military Aviation and Popular Culture After World War II. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2009.

The Campaigns of the Pacific War: United States, Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1946.

Campbell, Duncan. The Unsinkable Aircraft Carrier: The Implications of American Military Power in Britain. London: Michael Joseph, 1984.

Carothers, James. Caging the Dragon: The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions. Alexandria, VA: Defense Nuclear Agency, 1995.

Carroll, James. House of War: The Pentagon and the Disastrous Rise of American Power. Boston: Mariner Books, 2006.

Carter, Ashton, John D. Steinbruner, and Charles A. Zraket, eds. Managing Nuclear Operations. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1987.

Cienciala, Anna M., Natalia S. Lebedeva, and Wojciech Materski, eds. Katyn: A Crime Without Punishment. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.

Cimbala, Stephen J., ed. Soviet C3. Washington, D.C.: AFCEA International Press, 1987.

Cirincione, Joseph. Bomb Scare: The History & Future of Nuclear Weapons. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.

Clearwater, John. Canadian Nuclear Weapons: The Untold Story of Canada’s Cold War Arsenal. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1998.

Clodfelter, Mark. Beneficial Bombing: The Progressive Foundations of American Air Power 1917–1945. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2010.

Coffey, Thomas M. Iron Eagle: The Turbulent Life of General Curtis LeMay. New York: Crown Publishers, 1986.

Cohen, Stephen F. Soviet Fates and Lost Alternatives: From Stalinism to the New Cold War. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: Technical Issues for the United States. Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, National Research Council of the National Academies (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2012).

Condit, Kenneth W. The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy: Volume II, 1947–1949. Washington, D.C.: Office of Joint History, Office of the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1996.

Corera, Gordon. Shopping for Bombs: Nuclear Proliferation, Global Insecurity, and the Rise and Fall of the A. Q. Khan Network. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Courtois, Stéphane, et al., and Mark Kramer, tr., with Mark Kramer. The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Craven, Wesley Frank, and James Lea Cate, eds. The Army Air Forces in World War II: Volume Five, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1983.

Dalton, Russell J., et al., eds. Critical Masses: Citizens, Nuclear Weapons Production, and Environmental Destruction in the United States and Russia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.

Davis, Vincent. The Admirals Lobby. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1967.

Defense’s Nuclear Agency: 1947–1997. Washington, D.C.: Defense Threat Reduction Agency, U.S. Department of Defense, 2002.

Delgado, James P. Nuclear Dawn: From the Manhattan Project to the Bikini Atoll. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2009.

Del Tredici, Robert. At Work in the Fields of the Bomb. New York: Harper & Row, 1987.

DeVorkin, David H. Science with a Vengeance: How the Military Created the US Space Sciences After World War II. New York: Springer, 1992.

Dobbs, Michael. One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.

Dobson, Joel. The Goldsboro Broken Arrow: The Story of the 1961 B-52 Crash, the Men, the Bombs, the Aftermath. Raleigh, NC: Lulu, 2011.

Dower, John W. War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon, 1987.

_____. Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000.

Drea, Edward, Greg Bradsher, Robert Hanyock, James Lide, Michael Petersen, and Daqing Yang. Researching Japanese War Crime Records: Introductory Essays. Washington, D.C.: Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group, U.S. National Archives, 2006.

Drell, Sidney D. In the Shadow of the Bomb: Physics and Arms Control. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1993.

_____. Nuclear Weapons, Scientists, and the Post-Cold War Challenge: Selected Papers on Arms Control. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007.

_____, and James E. Goodby. The Gravest Danger: Nuclear Weapons. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2003.

_____, and George P. Shultz, eds. Implications of the Reykjavik Summit on Its Twentieth Anniversary: Conference Report. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, 2007.

Duignan, Peter, and Alvin Rabushka. The United States in the 1980s. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1980.

Dumas, Lloyd J. Lethal Arrogance: Human Fallibility and Dangerous Technologies. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

Dyson, George. Project Orion: The True Story of the Atomic Spaceship. New York: Henry Holt, 2002.

Eden, Lynn. Whole World on Fire: Organizations, Knowledge & Nuclear Weapons Devastation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004.

Edwards, Paul N. The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996.

Farquhar, John Thomas. A Need to Know: The Role of Air Force Reconnaissance in War Planning, 1945–1953. Montgomery, AL: Air University Press, February 2004.

Feaver, Peter Douglas. Guarding the Guardians: Civilian Control of Nuclear Weapons in the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992.

Ferguson, Charles D., and William C. Potter. The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism. New York: Routledge, 2005.

Ferrell, Robert H. Harry S. Truman: A Life. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1994.

FitzGerald, Frances. Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War. New York: Touchstone, 2001.

Ford, Daniel. The Button: The Pentagon’s Strategic Command and Control System — Does It Work? New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985.

Frank, Richard B. Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.

Frankel, Max. High Noon in the Cold War: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Ballantine Books, 2004.

Freedman, Lawrence. The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Friedrich, Jörg. The Fire: The Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.

Furman, Necah Stewart. Sandia National Laboratories: The Postwar Decade. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1990.

Fursenko, Aleksandr, and Timothy Naftali. “One Hell of a Gamble”: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.

_____. Khruschchev’s Cold War: The Inside Story of an American Adversary. New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.

Futrell, Robert F. Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine, Volume I: Basic Thinking in the United States Air Force 1907–1960. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press, 1989.

_____. Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine, Volume II: Basic Thinking in the United States Air Force 1961–1984. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press, 1989.

Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: A New History. New York: Penguin Press, 2007.

_____. George F. Kennan: An American Life. New York: Penguin Press, 2011.

Ganguly, Šumit, and S. Paul Kapur. India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.

Garwin, Richard L., and George Charpak. Megawatts and Megatons: The Future of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Weapons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

George, Peter. Commander-1. New York: Delacorte Press, 1965.

Ghamara-Tabrizi, Sharon. The Worlds of Herman Kahn: The Intuitive Science of Thermonuclear War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.

Giarchi, G.G. Between McAlpine and Polaris. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.

Gibson, Chris. Vulcan’s Hammer: V-Force Projects and Weapons Since 1945. Manchester, England: Hikoki Publications, 2011.

Gibson, James N. Nuclear Weapons of the United States: An Illustrated History. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 1996.

Gilbert, Martin. The Second World War: A Complete History. New York: Holt Paperbacks, 2004.

Glasstone, Samuel, ed. The Effects of Nuclear Weapons. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964.

Goldberg, Alfred, Steven L. Rearden, and Doris M. Condit. History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense: The McNamara Ascendancy, 1961–1965. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1984.

Gottfried, Kurt, and Blair, Bruce G., eds. Crisis Stability and Nuclear War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Grayling, A.C. Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan. New York: Walker Publishing, 2006.

Greene, Benjamin P. Eisenhower, Science Advice, and the Nuclear Test Ban Debate, 1945–1963. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.

Gregory, Shaun R. The Hidden Cost of Deterrence: Nuclear Weapon Accidents. Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1990.

_____. Nuclear Command and Control in NATO: Nuclear Weapons Operations and the Strategy of Flexible Response. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.

Gusterson, Hugh. Nuclear Rites: A Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998.

_____. People of the Bomb: Portraits of America’s Nuclear Complex. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2004.

Hacker, Barton C., and James M. Grimwood. On the Shoulders of Titans: A History Project of Gemini. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1977.

Hackett, John. The Third World War: August 1985. New York: Macmillan, 1978.

Haines, Gerald K., and Robert E. Leggett, eds. Watching the Bear: Essays on CIA’s Analysis of the Soviet Union. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2003.

Halberstam, David. The Best and the Brightest. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.

Hall, R. Cargill, ed. Case Studies in Strategic Bombardment. Washington, D.C.: Air Force Historical Studies Office, 1998.

Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi. Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2005.

Hastings, Max. Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944–45. New York: Vintage Books, 2009.

Haynes, James Earl, and Harvey Klehr. Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.

Hendrickson, Paul. The Living and the Dead: Robert McNamara and Five Lives of a Lost War. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.

Hennessy, Peter. The Secret State: Whitehall and the Cold War. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.

Heppenheimer, T.A. Countdown: A History of Space Flight. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Herken, Gregg. The Winning Weapon: The Atomic Bomb in the Cold War 1945–1950. New York: Vintage Books, 1982.

_____. Counsels of War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Hersey, John. Hiroshima. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003.

Hershberg, James G. James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993.

Hewlett, Richard G., and Oscar E. Anderson, Jr. The New World, 1939/1946: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Volume I. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962.

Hewlett, Richard G., and Francis Duncan. Atomic Shield, 1947/1952: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Volume II. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1969.

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