Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career

Index

Abwehr

Action Groups (Einsatzgruppen)

Ahnenerbe (Ancestral Heritage)

Alexander, Gen. Sir Harold

d’Alquen, Gunther

Antonescu, Marshal Ion

Apollo Club (Munich)

Attolico, Bernardo

Austin, Sergeant-Major Edwin

Baarova, Lida

Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem

Baretski, Stefan

Becher, Kurt

Beck, Gen. Ludwig

Berger, Gottlieb

Best, Karl Werner

Bethge, Pastor Eberhardt

Bernadotte, Count Folke

Blomberg, Gen. Werner von

Blum Léon

Bocchini, Police Chief

Bodenschatz, Gen. Karl von

Bohle, Ernst

Bonhoeffer, Pastor Dietrich

Bormann, Frau Herda

Bormann, Martin

Bose, Herbert von

Bouhler, Philip

Brack, Dr Viktor

Brand, Yoel

Brandt, Dr Karl

Brandt, Dr Rudolf (Himmler’s principal secretary).

Brauchitsch, Field-Marshal Walter von

Braun, Eva

Braun, Prof. von

Brunswick, Archbishop of

Burckhardt, Karl

Busch, Field-Marshal Ernst

Butler, Ewan

Canaris, Adm. Wilhelm

Carinhall (Göring’s residence)

Churchill, Odette

Ciano, Count Galeazzo

Concentration Camps; rival foundations (1933); Göring’s conception of; Himmler’s pre-war organization of; Himmler on prisoners in; Himmler’s attitude to; Himmler’s visits to; medical experiments in; wartime developments in, first phase; extermination of defective persons in; organization of slave labour in; instructions for executions in; looting from prisoners in; evacuation and liberation from; individual camps: Auschwitz; Bergen-Belsen; Birkenau; Buchenwald; Dachau; Flossenbürg; Gross-Rosen; Linz; Lublin; Natzweiler, Mauthausen; Oranienburg; Ravensbrück; Sachsenhausen; Treblinka

Concerzowo, Lydia and Bertha

Crinis, Prof. de

Daluege, Kurt

Darré, Walter

Das Schwarze Korps

Death’s Head Unit (later Division)

Degrelle, Léon

Diels, Rudolph

Dietrich, Sepp

Doctors’ Trial (Nuremberg 1946-7)

Doenitz, Grand Admiral Karl

Dollfuss, Engelbert

Dornberger, Maj.-Gen. Walter

Dulles, Allen

Eberstein, Freiherr von

Eden, Sir Anthony

Eichmann, Adolf

Eicke, Theodor

Einsatzgruppen (see Action Groups)

Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight D.

Epp, Ritter von

Ernst, Karl

Falkenhausen, Gen. von

Farben-Industrie

Fegelein, Hermann

Fellgiebel, Gen. Erich

‘Final Solution’, the, Chap. V passim

Fischer, Dr Fritz

Franco, Gen. Francisco

Frank, Hans

Frankfurt Trial 1964-5

Frederick the Great

Freisler, Roland

Frick, Wilhelm

Fritsch, Gen. Baron Werner von

Fromm, Gen. Friedrich

Gebhardt, Karl

Gestapo (principal refs.): origin; under Goring; taken over by Himmler; later power of; and the Fritsch case; under Heydrich

Giesler, Paul

Gisevius, Hans Bernd

Globocnik, Odilo

Glücks, Richard

Goebbels, Joseph

Goerdeler, Carl

Goring, Hermann

Greim, Ritter von

Groeber, Archbishop

Grothmann, SS Col. Werner

Guderian, Gen. Heinz

Günther, Christian

Gürtner, Franz

Hacha, Emile

Hajji Iman, Mufti

Halifax, Lord

Hallgarten, Wolfgang

Hanke, Karl

Hassell, Ulrich von

Hauser, Paul

Haushofer, Albrecht

Hedwig (also known as Häschen, Himmler’s mistress)

Heiden, Erhard

Heiliger, Max

Herff, SS. Gen. von

Heinrich, Prince of Bavaria

Heinrich I (Henry the Fowler)

Heinrici, Gen. Gotthard

Held, Heinrich

Helge (Himmler’s illegitimate son)

Helldorf, Count Wolf von

Henderson, Sir Nevile

Hess, Rudolf

Hewitt, Abram Stevens

Heydrich, Frau Lina

Heydrich, Reinhard, SS. Gen.: character; first meeting with Himmler (1931); early relationship with Himmler; appointed Chief of S.D.; work for SS.; builds up S.D. files; establishes S.D. in Berlin; appointed Himmler’s Deputy (1934); and Roehm purge; appointed SS. Lieut.-Gen.; and Kaltenbrunner; and concentration camps; relations with Canaris and Abwehr; and the Tuchachewski affair; and the Blomberg-Fritsch cases; and the Anschluss; and Eichmann; and persecution of Jews; visits Mussolini; gradual independence from Himmler; contempt for Himmler’s obsessions; Gisevius on; Schellenberg on; Kersten on; Himmler on; uses brothel Salon Kitty to obtain information; possibility of Jewish blood; flies with Luftwaffe; and first conception of genocide; suspicions of Kersten; prepares for Russian campaign; receives extermination order from Goring; relation to Eichmann; appointed SS. General and Acting Reich Protector in Czechoslovakia; relations with Bormann; voices Himmler’s views in speech to Czechs; at Wannsee conference on ‘final solution’; assassinated (May, 1942); compiles medical evidence on Himmler; encourages Horia Sima at the expense of Antonescu

Himmler, Anna (mother)

Himmler, Ernst (brother)

Himmler, Gebhard (father)

Himmler, Gebhard (brother)

Himmler, Gerhard (foster-son)

Himmler, Gudrun (daughter)

Himmler, Heinrich: character, Chap. vi passim; contribution to Nazi regime; childhood and schooling; youth in Munich; diary; character in early youth; attitude to first world war; officer-cadet (1917); studies agriculture in Munich; character as student — social life, attitude to girls and sex, selfcriticism, parsimony, precision, early anti-semitism; initial relationship with Roehm; takes part in Munich putsch (Nov. 1923); initial contact with Hitler; joins Nazi Party (August 1923); joins Völkische movement; on Strassers’ staff; early contact with Goebbels; Goebbels on Himmler (1926); joins SS. (1925); appointed Deputy Reich Propaganda Chief and Deputy Commander, SS.; marries (1928); buys smallholding Waltrudering; daughter Gudrun born (1929); appointed Reichsführer SS. (1929)

Initial plans for SS. — the élite corps; institutes SS. marriage code; made member of Reichstag (1930), development of racial obsessions and anti-semitism; claims peasant ancestry; employs Heydrich as principal assistant; relation with Goring after January 1933, appointed President of Police in Munich (1933); founds Dachau as ‘model’ concentration camp; relations with Hoess; concept of camp discipline; developing powers of; assumes control of German police and Gestapo (1934—5).

Residences (1934); relations with wife and family; and Roehm purge; and SS. in Austria; and murder of Dollfuss; purges ranks of SS. (1934); insistence on sport; and concept of Teutonic knights; founds Wewelsburg as SS. retreat; and Henry the Fowler; and Catholic Church; founds Ahnenerbe; responsibility for principle of concentration camps; relations with other Nazi leaders during midthirties; relation with High Command; and Blomberg and Fritsch cases; addresses High Command on function of SS. (1934)(1940); founds Lebensborn movement; has two children by mistress Hedwig; on SS.; on pan-Germanic culture; and the occult; and the Anschluss; appointment of Eichmann as specialist in Jewish affairs; persecution and extermination of the Jews: in Austria; first conception of genocide; on duties of Security Police; on necessity for genocide; extermination of Jews and Slavs in Russia; makes Auschwitz centre for extermination under Hoess; the ‘final solution’, chap. v passim; slave labour; instructions for executions; sale of emigration permits to rich Jews; and Warsaw Ghetto; and Theresienstadt Ghetto.

Conducts tour of Sachsenhausen; attitude to camps; sent by Hitler on diplomatic mission to Italy, and to Czechoslovakia; the attack on Poland — operation Himmler; relations with other Nazi leaders during war; their characterisation of Himmler; later relationship with Heydrich; increasing ill-health; subservience to Hitler; in Poland; appointed head of Reich Commissariat for Consolidation of German Nationhood; on policy in Poland; German racial re-settlement scheme; decrees forcible adoption of racially desirable children; and euthanasia of mentally unfit; promotes medical experiments in concentration camps; encourages controlled breeding by SS., later racial obsessions; parsimony and financial straits; and the campaign in the West (1940), wartime development of the Waffen-SS., of the Ahnenerbe; relations with Kersten; orders extermination of defective prisoners in the camps; orders collection of ‘sub-human’ skulls; extends powers during war; directed by Hitler to prepare for Russian campaign.

Oppressed by decision on genocide; reaction to Heydrich’s appointment to Prague; becomes increasingly subject to Schellenberg’s influence; on the Russian front; reaction to assassination of Heydrich; attempts to control industry; forms international SS.; plans for world domination by Germany; speech on destruction of Warsaw Ghetto; visits Auschwitz; briefs Skorzeny on rescue of Mussolini; applies Hitler’s leadership system to his own staff; sends reproofs to SS. officers; concern over Hitler’s health and sanity; first considers independent peace negotiations; fails to oppose Ribbentrop; later influence of Kersten on, chaps. vi and viii passim; extends military ambitions; admiration for Jenghis Khan; regains confidence of Hitler after misunderstanding; becomes Minister of Interior (August 1943); relations with Bormann; takes over V2 from Army; destroys Abwehr. Mature beliefs concerning medicine; on pan-Germanic culture; destruction of Bolshevism; alliance with other Nordic races to control world; on place and function of women; on homosexuality; on religion and the Churches; on the Jewish race; on violence; on genocide; on the leadership principle.

Meets Goring and Ribbentrop on Allied landing in Normandy; actions after attempt on Hitler’s life (July 1944); appointed Commander-in-Chief, Reserve Army; negotiates sale of Jewish liberties; deportations and evacuations from camps; as Army Commander; uses Free Russian forces in the East; helps found German Home Guard; fear of Hitler; negotiates with Bernadotte on release of prisoners from camps and on peace terms; discusses peace negotiations with Goebbels; final meeting with Hitler; meets Masur to discuss liberation of Jews; seeks meeting with Allied Commanders; considers founding new Party without Hitler; hopes Allies will join with Germany to crush Bolshevism; dismissal by Hitler; final relations with Doenitz; arrest and interrogation by British; suicide.

Described by Bernadotte; by Bormann; by Dornberger; by Goebbels; by Guderian; by Hitler; by Kersten, chap. vi passim; by Doris Mehner (secretary); by Schellenberg; by Westphal.

Himmler, Marga (wife)

Hindenburg, Field-Marshal Paul von

Hitler Adolf, character; leads Munich putsch (November 1923); in Landsberg castle; concept of the SS.; attitude to Himmler and other prominent Nazis up to 1933, et seq.; attitude to S.A.; intrigue prior to coming to power; action on coming to power; declares amnesty for political prisoners (1933); desires to centralize control; gives Himmler control of police and Gestapo; and Roehm purge; decrees independence of SS. from SA; becomes Supreme Head of State on death of Hindenburg; and murder of Dollfuss; compares Himmler to Loyola; permits limited military training for SS; relations with High Command during and after the Blomberg and Fritsch cases; in Austria after Anschluss; employs Himmler as diplomat; and Czechoslovakia; attitude to his leaders at the beginning of war; appoints Heydrich Chief of Reich Security Office; Reichstag speech on Poland; orders extermination of mentally unfit; campaign in the West (1940); restricts Waffen SS; prepares Russian campaign; reaction to assassination of Heydrich; and leadership principle; Himmler’s medical report on; leaders’ concern over his health; isolation at various headquarters; regains confidence in Himmler after misunderstanding; at time of Allied landings in Normandy; attempt on his life (July 1944); agrees to demotion of Himmler as Army Commander in East; last meeting with Himmler; decides to stay in Berlin; dismisses Goring; dismisses Himmler; suicide

Hoepner, Gen. Erich

Hoess, Rudolf

Hoffmann, Heinrich

Hossbach, Col. Friedrich

Höttl, SS. Col. Wilhelm

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Prince of

Hunsche, Eichmann’s associate

Immfeld, Mme.

International Military Tribunal (the Nuremberg Trial (1945—6))

International Tracing Centre (Arolsen)

Jehovah’s Witnesses

Jodl, Alfred

John, Otto

Kaduk, Oswald

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, SS. Gen.

Kaminski

Kammler, Heinz

Kaufmann, Karl

Keitel, Field-Marshal Wilhelm

Keppler, Wilhelm

Kersten, Felix, chaps. vi and vii passim

Kersten, Frau Irmgard

Kiep, Otto

Kiermaier, Josef

Kogon, Eugen

Korherr, Dr

Kramer, Josef

Kripo (the Criminal Police)

Krosigk, Count Schwerin von

Krueger, Friedrich

Krumey, Eichmann’s associate

Lammers, Dr Hans

Langbehn, Carl

Lebensborn movement

Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler

Ley, Dr Robert

Lidice, martyrdom of

Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince

Loritz family (Munich)

Lüdecke, Kurt

Ludendorff, Gen. Erich, F. W.

Ludwig II, Prince of Bavaria

Luther, Martin

Macher, Major

Mähner, Doris

Masur, Norbert

Mecklenburg, Prince von

Meisinger, Josef

Mengele, Dr

Moltke, Helmuth Count von

Montgomery, Field-Marshal Lord

Morell, Dr Theodor

Mueller, Heinrich

Müller, Dr Josef

Munich putsch (November 1923)

Munich Pact (1938)

Murphy, Col. L. M.

Musi, Jean-Marie

Mussolini, Benito

Nanette-Dorothea (Himmler’s illegitimate daughter)

Nazi regime, nature of

Nebe, Artur

Neurath, Baron Constantin von

Nuremberg Trial (see International Military Tribunal)

Ofner, Dr Abram

Ohlendorf, Otto

Olbricht, Col. Gen. Friedrich

Papen, Franz von

Payne-Best, Capt. S.

Pohl, Oswald

Popitz, Johannes

Pringsheim, Fritz

Pruetzmann, SS. Gen.

Quisling, Vidkun

Race and Resettlement Office

Raeder, Adm. Erich

Rankine, Paul Scott

Rascher, Dr Sigmund

Rauter, Hans

Reichstag fire

Reitlinger, Gerald

Reitsch, Hanna

Remer, Otto Ernst

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

Riss, Dr

Roehm, Ernst

Rommel, Gen. Erwin

Rosenberg, Alfred

Rote Kapelle

Rothschild, Baron Louis de

Rundstedt, Field-Marshal Gerd von

SA (Sturmabteilungen: Assault Sections)

Salon Kitty

Saradeth, Col.

Sarre, Puppi

Schacht, Dr Hjalmar

Schellenberg, Walter , chap. viii passim

Schleicher, Gen. Kurt von

Scholl, Hans and Sophie

Schroeder, Kurt von

Schulenburg, Gen. Graf von

Schuschnigg, Kurt von

SD (Sicherheitsdienst: Security Service): founded under Heydrich; Heydrich builds up intelligence files; Section relations with the Abwehr; and the Tukhacchewski affair; Himmler on SD; SD spy-ring abroad; and Operation Himmler; departments under Heydrich; becomes an official state organisation; wartime duties; wartime relations with High Command; under Schellenberg; telephone-tapping; later wartime development

Selvester, Capt. Tom

Semmler, Rudolf

Seyss-Inquart, Dr Arthur

Schirach, Baldur von

Sievers, Wolfram

Sima, Horia

Simon, Sir John

Six, SS Col. Prof. Dr Franz

Skorzeny, Otto

Skubl, Michael

Solf, Dr and Frau Wilhelm

Speer, Albert

SS (Schutzstaffeln: Protection Squads): initial formation; Himmler appointed Reichsführer SS; SS under Himmler (1929-32)et seq.: concept of elite corps; SS marriage code (1932); SS Junkerschule (Bad-Toelz); growth of the SS; relation to the SA; rival factions within SS; recruitment of aristocrats and prelates; Himmler reduces numbers (1934).

Sense of respectability in SS; independence from SA; relationship with the Army; SS as a racial elite: developments after 1934, as latter-day Teutonic Knights; loyalty oath to Hitler; health and sport in; Jesuitical basis to organization; work with the concentration camps; para-military nature of; origin of the Waffen-SS; Himmler on; and the Lebensborn movement; and the Jews; and the Action Groups in Poland; and euthanasia of the mentally-unfit; and the medical experiments; international recruitment to; and European Jewry; later developments in the Waffen SS; Himmler’s ‘philosophy’ of future role of SS in Germanic society, chap. vi passim; opposition to homosexuality in SS by Himmler

Stalin, Joseph

Staudte, Dr Hans Hilmar

Stauffenberg, Colonel Claus Schenk, Count

Steiner, Felix

Stevens, Major P. H.

Stieff, Gen. Helmuth

Storch, Hilel

Strasser, Gregor

Strasser, Otto

Stroop, Lieut.-Gen.

Stuckart, Wilhelm

Terboven, Gauleiter Josef

Teutonic Knights

Theresienstadt Ghetto

Thiele, Gen. Fritz

Trevor-Roper, Prof. H. R.

Tukhachevski, Mar. Mikhail

Venlo Incident

Vlassov, Andrei

Völkischer Beobachter

Wagner, Gen. Eduard

Waldeck, Prince von

Wannsee Conference

Warsaw Ghetto

Wells, Capt. C. J. L.

Wenck, Gen.

Westphal, Siegfried

Wewelsburg, SS castle of

Winocaur, Jack

Wisliceny, Dieter

Witzleben, Field-Marshal Erwin von

Wolff, SS General Karl

Wulff, Wilhelm

Yorck von Wartenburg, Count Peter

Zahler, Ludwig

Zansen, Col.