Hiroshima

THE ANATOMY OF PEACE ^{BY EMERY REVES}

IN a book destined to startle by the very nature of its simplystated truths, Emery Reves analyzes the cause of war and the nature of peace. He finds that the only condition in human society that creates war is the unregulated relationship between sovereign social groups: that wars occur wherever and whenever sovereign power units come into contact.

Peace will exist, he declares, only when absolute national sovereignty, which causes anarchy in international relations, gives way to universal legal order when the relationship between nations is regulated not by treaties but by law.

Since its first publication in June, 1945, over 150,000 copies of this book have been sold in America. It has been argued about by over 20,000 discussion groups in the United States. An open letter to the American people, urging them to read and study the book, appeared over the signatures of Owen Roberts, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Dr. Einstein Thomas Mann, Christopher Morley, and a number of Senators, clergy, and other public men in America.

Penguin Books have arranged for the publication of the book in Great Britain at a price which will enable every man and woman of goodwill to obtain and read it, so that the urgency of the problem of world reconstruction and this reasoned attempt to face the foremost issues of our time may be discussed as widely as possible.

THE NUREMBERG TRIALS ^{BY R. W. COOPER}

THIS popular but full account of the epoch-making trial of the War criminals at Nuremberg, specially written for Penguin Books by The Times special correspondent, is intended as a permanent summary and record of the first attempt to bring to justice the authors and begetters of an international crime against humanity.

The reasons for the holding of the trial are discussed in Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe’s foreword. The body of the book consists of a summary of the Indictment and the general case for the Prosecution; details of the cases against the individual accused, with extracts from the evidence given in the course of the trial; a condensation of the final speech for the Prosecution; particulars of the case against the Organisations; and a summing-up of the final judgment and sentences.

Although not an “official” publication, the book has been prepared in consultation with the Central Office of Information, and its treatment of the material is dispassionate and objective

WHY SMASH ATOMS? ^{A. K. SOLOMON}

WHAT we to-day call atom-smashing, the scientists of the Middle Ages called transmutation, a change in the kernel of the atom so violent that its elementary nature is altered. In the Middle Ages the problem was the conversion of metals into gold, the creation of riches from poverty.

Unfortunately the forces required are so great that the alchemists could not possibly have been successful. It was not until 1919 that a scientist, Lord Rutherford, at Cambridge University, for the first time actually broke through the impenetrable barrier around the atomic kernel and succeeded in making one element from another, in altering the basic nature of one atom so completely that it became a different atom.

Rutherford's discovery opened the way to a significant increase in our knowledge of the fundamental constitution of matter All over the world scientists are to-day engaged in atom-smashing. The results are not only transforming the sciences of physics and chemistry and producing an immediate practical effect in the field of medicine, but have been responsible for bringing to a conclusion the greatest war that has ever been waged in the world's history. For the atomic bomb was a direct outcome of this research.

Dr. Solomon, who has taken an active part in the work of one type of atom smasher, the cyclotron, at Cambridge and Harvard Universities, has here explained for the layman the nature, purpose, and results of these epoch-making advances. This is popular science in the best sense of the term, a volume that reveals to he non-scientific reader the great sweep of modern research.

SCIENCE NEWS II ^{Edited by JOHN ENOGAT and R. E. PEIERLS}

THIS second issue of Science News is devoted entirely to the subject of Atomic Energy, which is indeed science news in its most spectacular form. All the articles have been written by scientists who, at the time when the plans for it were made, were working at Los Alamos, UJS.A., on the project which eventually led to the first atomic bomb. Some are British, some American.

The first article contains a general survey of the whole field, and forms the key to the rest. The second and last articles explain the general background. The remainder deal with special aspects of the field.

EDITORIAL NOTE

THE RELEASE OF ATOMIC ENERGY R. E. Peierls

ATOMS AND NUCLEI H. A. Bethe

PRODUCTION OF ATOMIC FUEL BY ISOTOPE SEPARATION R. E. Peierls

THE TAMING OF ATOMIC POWER AND THE PRODUCTION OF PLUTONIUM H. L. Anderson

THE PHYSICS OF THE BOMB P. Morrison

RADIOACTIVE TRACERS M. Argo and E. Teller

THE TOOLS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS O. R. Frisch

THE THINGS WE SEE—INDOORS AND OUT ^{By ALAN JARVIS}

“Because day-in, day-out,” says the author of this introductory volume to a new series of books under the PENGUIN imprint, “we see so much, and because so much of what we see is familiar, our sense of awareness of our environment and our faculty of discrimination become blurred. We see, as we live, by habit." His aim, and that of the other authors who follow him, is to increase our enjoyment of things around us by bringing a fresh and seeing eye to bear on them to encourage us to view them critically and to understand them better. The text and illustrations provide us with information and visual comparisons which will enable us to “understand the real potential of machine production and give clearer and less prejudiced guidance to the designers who set the machines to work.” For it is the public, in so far as it shows critical interest instead of indifference, that determines the shape of the things we see.

Among further volumes in preparation are:

HOUSES Lionel Brett

FURNITURE Gordon Russell

POTTERY AND GLASS A. B. Hollowood

TEXTILES AND WALLPAPERS Anthony Hunt

LETTERING AND PRINTING John Tarr

GARDENS Lady Allen of Hurtwood

SHIPS David Pye

PUBLIC TRANSPORT Cristian Barman

SHOP WINDOWS AND EXHIBITIONS Masha Black

H. G. WELLS

The following ten volumes of his works have now been added to the Penguin series:

KIPPS

TONO-BUNGAY

THE INVISIBLE MAN

THE NEW MACHIAVELLI

LOVE AND MR. LEWISHAM

THE WAR OF THE WORLDS

THE ISLAND OF DR. MOREAU

THE HISTORY OF MR. POLLY

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE WORLD

THE TIME MACHINE AND OTHER STORIES