Inventing the Enemy: Essays

First American edition

Copyright © 2011 by RCS Libri S.p.A.

English translation copyright © 2012 by Richard Dixon

All rights reserved

For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 215 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10003.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Eco, Umberto.

[Costruire il nemico e altri scritti occasionali. English]

Inventing the enemy and other occasional writings / Umberto Eco.—1st American ed.

p. cm.

ISBN 978-0-547-64097-6

I. Title.

PQ4865.C6C5713 2012

854'.914—dc23 2012014407

Printed in the United States of America

DOC 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

eISBN 978-0-547-57760-9

v1.0912

Excerpts from Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell (copyright © George Orwell, 1949) are reprinted by permission of Bill Hamilton as the Literary Executor of the Estate of the Late Sonia Brownell Orwell, and Secker & Warburg Ltd.

ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

Page 150: Series of observations of the planet Saturn, 1656, Oxford, Science Archive; © 2011 Foto Scala Firenze/Heritage Images (Italian text p. 238). Pages 210–211: Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de (1729–1811), Développement de la route faite autour du monde par les vaisseaux du roy La Boudeuse et L’Etoile, © BnF (Italian text pp. 318–319).