Appendix
EMPERORS OF CONSTANTINOPLE
CONSTANTINIAN DYNASTY (324-363)
324—353......Constantine the Great
353—361......Constantius..........Son of Constantine the Great
361—363......Julian the Apostate..........Cousin of Constantius
NON-DYNASTIC
363—364......Jovian..........Soldier, chosen on the battlefield
364—378......Valens..........Brother of Western Emperor Valentinian
THEODOSIAN DYNASTY (379-457)
379—395......Theodosius I the Great..........Soldier, chosen by Western Emperor Gratian
395—408......Arcadius..........Son of Theodosius
408—450......Theodosius II..........Son of Arcadius
450—457......Marcian..........Married Theodosius II’s sister
LEONID DYNASTY (457-518)
457—474......Leo I the Thracian..........Soldier, chosen by Eastern general Aspar
474......Leo II..........Grandson of Leo I
474—475......Zeno..........Son-in-law of Leo I
475—476......Basiliscus..........Usurper, brother-in-law of Leo I
476—491......Zeno (again)
491—518......Anastasius I..........Son-in-law of Leo I
JUSTINIAN DYNASTY (527-602)
518—527......Justin I..........Commander of the Palace Guard
527—565......Justinian I the Great..........Nephew of Justin I
565—578......Justin II..........Nephew of Justinian
578—582......Tiberius II ....Adopted by Justin II
582—602......Maurice..........Son-in-law of Tiberius II
NON-DYNASTIC
602—610......Phocas..........Usurper, soldier of Maurice
HERACLIUS DYNASTY (610-711)
610—641......Heraclius..........Usurper, general from Carthage
641......Constantine III..........Son of Heraclius Son of Heraclius Son of Constantine III
641......Heraclonas..........
641—668......Constans II the Bearded..........
668—685......Constantine IV..........Son of Constans II
685—695......Justinian II the Slit-Nosed...Son of Constantine IV
695—698......Leontius..........Usurper, soldier of Justinian II
698—705....Tiberius III ....Usurper, Germanic naval officer of Leontius
705—711......Justinian 11 (again)
NON-DYNASTIC
711—713......Philippicus..........Usurper, Armenian soldier of Justinian II
713—715......Anastasius II..........Usurper, imperial secretary of Philippicus
715—717......Theodosius III..........Usurper, tax collector and son (?) of Tiberius III
ISAURIAN DYNASTY (717-802)
717—741......Leo III the Isaurian..........Usurper, Syrian diplomat of Justinian II
741—775......Constantine V the Dung-Named..........Son of Leo III
775—780......Leo IV the Khazar..........Son-in-law of Leo III
780—797......Constantine VI the Blinded..........Son of Leo IV
797—802......Irene the Athenian..........Wife of Leo IV, mother of Constantine VI
NICEPHORUS DYNASTY (802-813)
802—811......Nicephorus I..........Usurper, finance minister of Irene
811......Stauracius..........Son of Nicephorus I
811—813 ....Michael I Rangabe..........Son-in-law of Nicephorus I
NON-DYNASTIC
813—820......Leo V the Armenian..........Patrician and general of Michael I
AMORIAN DYNASTY (820-867)
820—829......Michael II the Stammerer............Son-in-law of Constantine VI
829—842......Theophilus..........Son of Michael II
842—855......Theodora..........Wife of Theophilus
842—867......Michael III the Drunkard ...Son of Theophilus
MACEDONIAN DYNASTY (867-1056)
867—886......Basil I the Macedonian..........Armenian peasant, married Michael III’s widow
886—912......Leo VI the Wise..........Son of Basil I or Michael III
912—913......Alexander..........Son of Basil I
913—959......Constantine VII the Purple-Born..........Son of Leo VI
920—944.....Romanus I Lecapenus..........General, father-in-law of Constantine VII
959—963......Romanus II the Purple-Born..........Son of Constantine VII
963—969......Nicephorus II Phocas..........General, married Romanus II’s widow
969—976......John I Tzimisces..........Usurper, nephew of Nicephorus II
976—1025......Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer..........Son of Romanus II
1025—1028......Constantine VIII..........Son of Romanus II
1028—1050......Zoë....Daughter of Constantine VIII
1028—1034......Romanus III Argyrus..........Zoë’s first husband
1034—1041......Michael IV the Paphlagonian..........Zoë’s second husband
1041—1042......Michael V the Caulker..........Zoë’s adopted son
1042......Zoë and Theodora..........Daughters of Constantine VIII
1042—1055.......Constantine IX Monomachus..........Zoë’s third husband
1055—1056........Theodora (again)
NON-DYNASTIC
1056—1057.......Michael VI the Old..........Chosen by Theodora
1057—1059......Isaac I Comnenus..........Usurper, general of Michael VI
DUCAS DYNASTY (1059-1081)
1059—1067......Constantine X..........Chosen by Isaac
1068—1071......Romanus IV Diogenes..........Married Constantine X’s widow
1071—1078......Michael VII the Quarter-Short..........Son of Constantine X
1078—1081......Nicephorus III Botaneiates............Usurper, general of Michael VII
COMNENIAN DYNASTY (1081-1185)
1081—1118......Alexius I..........Usurper, nephew of Isaac I
1118—1143......John II the Beautiful..........Son of Alexius I
1141—1180......Manuel I the Great..........Son of John II
1080—1183.......Alexius II..........Son of Manuel I
1183—1185......Andronicus the Terrible..........Usurper, cousin of Manuel I
ANGELUS DYNASTY (1185-1204)
1185 1195......Isaac II Ángelus..........Great-grandson of Alexius I
1195—1203.......Alexius III Ángelus..........Brother of Isaac II
1203—1204......Isaac II (again) and son Alexius IV
NON-DYNASTIC
1204......Alexius V the Bushy-Eyebrowed..........Usurper, son-in-law of Alexius III
PALAEOLOGIAN DYNASTY (1259-1453)
1259—1282.......Michael VIII..........Great-grandson of Alexius III
1282—1328......Andronicus II..........Son of Michael VIII
1328—1341.......Andronicus III..........Grandson of Andronicus II
1341—1391....John V..........Son of Andronicus III
1347—1354.......John VI..........Father-in-law of John V
1376—1379......Andronicus IV..........Son of John V
1390......John VII..........Son of Andronicus IV
1391—1425......Manuel II..........Son of John V
1425—1448......John VIII..........Son of Manuel II
1448—1453......Constantine XI Dragases............Son of Manuel II