Магеллан. Великие открытия позднего Средневековья - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Фелипе Фернандес-Арместо (ч. notes)

Примечания

1

Общество, специализирующееся на публикации текстов исторических источников о географических экспедициях. Носит имя Ричарда Хаклита (1553–1616), составителя сборника «Книга путешествий» о географических открытиях елизаветинской эпохи. – Здесь и далее, если не указано иное, прим. пер.

2

Поднимемся и пойдем; и я пойду пред тобою (Быт. 33: 12) (лат.).

3

Внушительный список юбилейных событий см. в: López-Calvo I. Magallanes, Elcano, la marca España y los resabios de nostalgias imperials// Revista Communitas 3, no. 6. July-December 2019. P. 56–67.

4

Colección de los viajes y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles / Ed. M. de Navarrete. Madrid: Imprenta Nacional, 1837, 4. P. 3–8.

5

Цит. по: Lucena Giraldo M. Renaissances, Reformations, and Mental Revolutions // The Oxford Illustrated History of the World / Ed. F. Fernández-Armesto. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. P. 273.

6

Burke P., Clossey L., Fernández-Armesto F. The Global Renaissance // Journal of World History 28. 2017. P. 1–30.

7

Глобальное распространение малого ледникового периода подвергается сомнению (Houghton J. T.et al. Climate Change 2001, Working Group I, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. sec. 2.3.3: Was There a ‘Little Ice Age’ and a ‘Medieval Warm Period’? https://web.archive.org/web/20060529044319/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/070.htm), но свидетельства ледников Антарктиды и Южного полушария, судя по всему, с холодной беспристрастностью выступают в его пользу (Meyer I., Wagner S. The Little Ice Age in Southern South America: Proxy and Model Based Evidence Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions // Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research 14. 2009. P. 395–412).

8

Исследованием этой проблемы занимается Джеймс Белич. См. Belich J. The Black Death and the Spread of Europe // The Prospect of Global History / Ed. J. Belich. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof: oso/9780198732259.003.0006.

9

Lamb H. H. The Little Ice Age: Climate, History and the Modern World. London: Routledge, 1995. Fagan B. M. The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History, 1300–1850. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

10

Pfister C. et al. Daily Weather Observations in Sixteenth-Century Europe // Climatic Change 42. 1999. P. 111–150.

11

Научный консенсус склоняется в пользу взаимосвязи эпидемий и низких температур. См. Eisenberg M., Mordechai L. The Justinianic Plague and Global Pandemics // American Historical Review 125. 2020. P. 1659, а также приведенные источники; Fernández-Armesto F. The Perils of Environmental Truthfulness, 106. 2021. P. 41–65; Antonianum. From proceedings of the conference «Il Patto Educativo», chaired by G. Buffon and I. Colagé.

12

О чуме в целом см. McNeill W. H. Plagues and Peoples, 3rd ed. New York: Doubleday, 1998. О «черной смерти» см. Dols M. W. The Black Death in the Middle East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977; Benedictow O. J. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2004; Pandemic Disease in the Medieval World: Rethinking the Black Death / Ed M. H. Green. Kalamazoo, MI: Arc Humanities Press, 2015 [special issue, Medieval Globe 1, no. 1 (2014)].

13

Utzinger B. and H. Itinéraires des danses macabres. Chartres: Garnier, 1996; Clark J. C. The Dance of Death in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Glasgow: Jackson, 1950.

14

Williamson E. D., Oynston P. D. F. The Natural History and Incidence of Yersinia pestis and Prospects for Vaccination // Journal of Medical Microbiology 61. 2012. P. 911–918; Achtman M. et al. Microevolution and History of the Plague Bacillus, Yersinia pestis // Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 101. 2004. P. 17837–17842.

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В своей работе Snowden F. M. Epidemics and Society from the Black Death to the Present. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019. P. 80 автор придерживается иного мнения, но см. Parker G. Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017, xix—xxiii. P. 1–23, 69.

16

MacLennan W. J. The Eleven Plagues of Edinburgh, Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 31. 2001. P. 256–261, www.rcpe.ac.uk/journal/issue/vol31_no3/T_Eleven_Plagues.pdf.

17

Heinrichs E. A. The Plague Cures of Caspar Kegler: Print, Alchemy, and Medical Marketing in Sixteenth-Century Germany // Sixteenth-Century Journal 43. 2012. P. 417–440.

18

Oliveira L. L. de. Viver em Lisboa: Século XVI. São Paolo: Alameda, 2015. P. 40; Rodrigues T. Crises de mortalidad em Lisboa, séculos XVI e XVII. Lisbon: Horizonte, 1990. P. 16.

19

Villalba J. de. Epidemiología española o Historia de las pestes, contagios, epidemias y epizootias que han acaecido en España desde la venida de los cartagineses hasta el año 1801. Madrid, 1802; Pérez Moreda V. La crisis de mortalidad en la España interior. Siglos XVI–XIX. Madrid: Siglo Veintiuno, 1980. P. 248–249.

20

Santos Pereira A. dos. The Urgent Empire: Portugal between 1475 and 1525 // Journal of Public Health 4, no. 2. Winter 2006. www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue8/html/apereira_main.html.

21

Crosby A. W. The Columbian Exchange. New York: Greenwood, 1972.

22

Colección de documentos inéditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y organización de las posesiones españolas en América y Oceania, 42 vols. / Ed. J. F. Pacheco, F. de Cárdenas, L. Torres de Mendoza. Madrid: Quirós, 1864–1884, 2. P. 373.

23

Biraben J. N. L Essai sur l’évolution du nombre des hommes // Population 34. 1979. P. 13–25.

24

Речь идет о великом князе Василии III, который не был царем. Впервые царский титул принял его сын Иван IV.

25

von Herberstein S. Notes upon Russia, ed. R. H. Major, 2 vols. (London: Hakluyt Society, 1852), 2:42.

26

В русском издании подобное пророчество, видимо, отсутствует, а Золотая старуха – не шаманка, а идол (https://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus8/Gerberstein/text6.phtml).

27

Freeman P. Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.

28

Fernández-Armesto F. Food: A History. London: Macmillan, 2001. P. 177–178.

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Brown J. C. Prosperity or Hard Times in Renaissance Italy? // Renaissance Quarterly 42. 1989. P. 761–780; Some Records of Ethiopia / Ed. C. F. Beckingham, G. W. Huntingford. London: Hakluyt Society, 1954.

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Lopez R.S. Hard Times and Investment in Culture // The Renaissance: A Symposium. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1953. P. 19–32.

31

Goldstein T. Geography in Fifteenth-Century Florence // Merchants and Scholars: Essays in the History of Exploration and Trade / Ed. J. Parker. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1965. P. 9–32.

32

Major R. H. India in the Fifteenth Century. London: Hakluyt Society, 1957. P. 10.

33

Там же. P. 6.

34

Там же. P. 9.

35

Там же. P. 30.

36

Там же. P. 23.

37

Там же. P. 11.

38

Conti N. The Most Famous and Noble Travels / Ed. N. M. Penzer. London: Argonaut, 1929. P. 169.

39

Washburn W. E. A Proposed Explanation of the Closed Indian Ocean on Some Ptolemaic Maps of the Twelfth-Fifteenth Centuries // Revista da Universidade de Coimbra 33. 1985. P. 431–441.

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Parry J. H. The European Reconnaissance. London: Macmillan, 1968. P. 68.

41

The Prester John of the Indies, 2 vols. / Ed. C. F. Beckingham, G. W. B. Huntingford. Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1961, 2. P. 369.

42

Descripción de los reinos, puertos e islas que hay desde el Cabo de Buena Esperanza hasta los Leyquios / Ed. A. Blázquez y Delgado-Aguilera. Madrid: Torrent, 1921.

43

Pearson M. N. Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the Early Modern Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

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Beaujard P. Progressive Integration of Eastern Africa into an Afro-Eurasian World-system // The Swahili World / Ed. S. Wynne-Jones, A. LaViolette. London: Routledge, 2018. P. 375.

45

Walz J. Early Inland Entanglement in the Swahili World, c. 750–1550 CE // Swahili World / Ed. S. Wynne-Jones, A. LaViolette. London: Routledge, 2018. P. 388–402; Kusimba C. M., Kusimba S. B. Mosaics: Rethinking African Connections in Coastal and Highland Kenya // Swahili World / Ed. S. Wynne-Jones, A. LaViolette. London: Routledge, 2018. P. 403–418.

46

O livro de Duarte Barbosa / Ed. Maria Augusta da Veiga e Sousa, i. Lisbon: Ministério da Ciencia e da Tecnologia, 1996. P. 15–17. Благодарю за это наблюдение профессора Санджая Субрахманьяна.

47

The Book of Duarte Barbosa, 2 vols. / Ed. M. L. Dames. 1918, 1921. 1. P. 29.

48

Pearson. Port Cities and Intruders. P. 119.

49

Там же. P. 8.

50

The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century / Ed. R. E. Dunn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. P. 231–240.

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Santos J. M. dos. Kalu Muhammad Hilali, Sultan of the Maldives (1491–1528) // Archipel 70. 2005. P. 63–75.

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Bouchon G. Les Musulmans de Kerala à l’époque de la découverte portugaise // Mare Luso-Indicum, 2.1973. P. 3–59.

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Bouchon G. Mamale de Cananor: Un adversaire de l’Inde portugais (1507–1528). Geneva: Droz, 1975. P. 16–23, 13–37.

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The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema / Ed. G. P. Badger. London: Hakluyt Society, 1863. P. 135–136.

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Pearson M. N. Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976. P. 67–73.

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The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, vol. 1 / Ed. N. Tarling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. P. 483.

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Cortesão A. As mais antigas cartografia e descrição das Molucas // A viagem de Fernão de Magalhães e a questão das Molucas: Actas do II Congreso luso-espanhol de História Ultramarina / Ed. A. Teixeira da Mota. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Cientificas, 1975. P. 53.

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Камоэнс Л. Сонеты. Лузиады. М., 1999 / Пер. О. Овчаренко, под ред. В. Столбова.

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Donkin. Between East and West. P. 149, 156.

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Andaya L.Y. The World of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in the Early Modern Period. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993. P. 47–49, 80–81.

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The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires, 2 vols. / Ed. A. Cortesão. London: Hakluyt Society, 2010. 1. P. 213–216.

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Laufer B. The Relations of the Chinese to the Philippine Islands // European Entry into the Pacific: Spain and the Acapulco Galleons / Ed. D. O. Flyn, A. Giráldez. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001. P. 55–91.