Mort

1

Not only does ‘Mort’ mean ‘death’ in French, but in The Light Fantastic we also learned (on p. 95/95), that Death’s own (nick)name is Mort. Opinions on a.f.p. are divided as to which of these two facts is the ‘coincidence’ Death is talking about.

2

A reference to the old Eastern European practice of covering a dead friends’ eyes with coins.

In the Greek version of this custom, a single coin or obulus was put under the tongue of a deceased person. This was done so that the departed loved one would have some change handy to pay Charon with (the grumpy old ferryman who transported departed souls over the river Styx towards the afterlife—but only if they paid him first).

The Eastern European version has a similar background.

3

An acknowledgment of the “nothing is certain but death and taxes” saying.

4

The subplot of Ysabell and Mort and the matchmaking efforts by her father echoes Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations (where Estelle, for instance, also insists on calling Pip ‘Boy’ all the time).

5

There exists a make of woodburning stove called ‘The Little Wenlock’.

For those who don’t know what a Moloch is, I’ll let Brewer do the explaining:

“Moloch: Any influence which demands from us the sacrifice of what we hold most dear. Thus war is a Moloch, king mob is a Moloch, the guillotine was the Moloch of the French Revolution, etc. The allusion is to the god of the Ammonites [Phoenicians], to whom children were ‘made to pass through the fire’ in sacrifice.”

To be fair, however, it must be pointed out that almost all we know about Moloch is based on what the bitter enemies of the Phoenicians said about him.

6

The whole section on Mort’s training, and this paragraph in particular, explores a theme familiar from stories such as told in The Karate Kid, or The Empire Strikes Back, and of course the TV series Kung Fu, where a young student is given many menial tasks to perform, which are revealed to be integral to his education.

7

Terry loves playing with morphogenetic principles in the Discworld canon, and I think this is the first place he explicitly mentions it. Morphogenetics are part of a controversial theory put forward by ex-Cambridge biologist Rupert Sheldrake. ‘Controversial’ is in fact putting it rather mildly: personally I feel ‘crackpot’ would be a much better description. Which explains why on the Discworld, of course, it’s valid science.

8

Death is quoting from Our God, Our Help in Ages Past, by Isaac Watts. The verse in full is:

No wonder Albert thinks Death has been overdoing it.

9

DM (Unseen) means that Cutwell holds a Doctorate in Magic from Unseen University. It’s the usual way of writing an academic qualification in Britain (e.g. DD for Doctor of Divinity, or PhD for Doctor of Philosophy)—though the University name ought to be in Latin.

10

Refers to the Cheshire cat in Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, a beast famous for slowly vanishing until only its grin remains.

11

This is the air glow around Cori Celesti (as in our aurora borealis), but it is also a reference to the Coriolis force that acts on spinning objects.

12

For those readers who are not familiar with Tibetan Buddhism: it is believed that religious leaders who are spiritually advanced (the Dalai Lama being only one such individual) will reincarnate and continue to guide the people. In 1993, for instance, an eight-year old boy in Tibet was discovered to be the seventeenth reincarnation of the Karmapa, and was promptly whisked away from his native village and installed in the Tsurphu-monastery.

In Guards! Guards! we eventually learn that Abbot Lobsang has indeed been reincarnated.

13

Considering the sheer volume of Discworld material written so far, with its high jokes-per-page count, it is quite remarkable that Terry Pratchett doesn’t recycle (or inadvertently reinvent) his own jokes more often than he does. As for instance in the case of this particular Shakespeare-inspired joke that would be repeated two books later in Wyrd Sisters.

14

Albert here mangles the Grimm/Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale known as The Princess and the Pea, in which a princess proves her nobility to her future husband and his mother by being so fine-constitutioned that a pea placed underneath the dozen mattresses she was given to sleep on kept her awake all night.

15

Caroc = Tarot and Ching Aling = I Ching: two ways of accessing the Distilled Wisdom of the Ancients, and all that.

16

In the fishing world there exists a popular dry fly called Greenwell’s Glory, named after its inventor, a 19th century parson.

17

Ysabell starts to list off a number of tragic romances, mostly mangled versions of existing stories. This one appears to be the Shakespearean tragedy Romeo and Juliet, or perhaps the original source: Ovid’s Pyramus and Thisbe.

18

This is the saga of Hero and Leander. Leander swam the Hellespont each night to be with Hero (who was a virgin (yeah, sure!) in the service of Aphrodite, and therefore not accessible by more conventional means). But then there was indeed a storm, and the candle she used as a beacon blew out, and the Gods couldn’t hear his prayers over the noise of the storm, and so he drowned, and the next morning she saw his body and drowned herself as well. Read Christopher Marlowe’s Hero and Leander for more details.

19

Scumble is the Discworld equivalent of scrumpy, a drink probably unknown to most non-UK readers. It’s a (very) strong cider, originating from the West country, Somerset farmhouses in particular.

On the subject of scrumpy, Terry writes:

"I can speak with authority, having lived a short walking—to get there, at least, although it seemed to take longer coming back—distance from a real cider house.

1) You are unlikely to buy scrumpy anywhere but from a farm or a pub in a cider area.

2) It won’t fizz. It slumps in the glass, and is a grey-orange colour.

3) The very best scrumpy is (or at least, was) made on farms where a lot of the metalwork around the press was lead; the acid apple juice on the lead gave the resultant drink a kick which lasted for the rest of your life.

4) While a lot of the stories about stuff being put in ‘to give it body’ are probably apocryphal, apparently it wasn’t uncommon to put a piece of beef in the stuff to give it ‘strength’.

5) I certainly recall a case of a female tourist having to have an ambulance called out after two pints of scrumpy.

6) We used to drink almost a pint, topped off with half an inch of lemonade; this was known as ‘cider and gas’ and was popular in our part of the Mendips. Two pints was the max. I recall that as we went back across the fields someone who is now a professor of medieval history fell down a disused mineshaft and still carried on singing.”

20

Alberto Malich was rumoured to have disappeared when trying to perform the Rite of AshkEnte backwards. Since we know that the Rite is used to summon Death, it doesn’t seem too unreasonable to suppose that performing it backwards might drive Death away from you, which is probably why Albert did it. Unfortunately for him, it is also not very unreasonable to suppose that performing the rite backwards will instead summon you to Death…

There also are two villages called Ash in Kent, UK. It is unknown if there is a deliberate connection.

21

Queen Ezeriel refers to our world’s Cleopatra who also used to bathe in asses’ milk, and who eventually committed honourable suicide by clutching a venomous snake (an asp, to be precise) to her bosom.

22

Ysabell probably read one part of this in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings where we find (in The Fellowship of the Ring, Book One, Chapter III) that Gildor Inglorion the High Elf says: “Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards because they are subtle and quick to anger”. The other part she may have got from signs often seen in stores and pubs around the English-speaking world: “Do not ask for credit, because a refusal often offends”.

23

Death is alluding to Shakespeare’s Macbeth, act 4, scene 1, where Macbeth says to the witches: “How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags!”

24

"Sodomy non sapiens” is dog-Latin for “buggered if I know”. Since this is explicitly translated by Albert two sentences later, it never occurred to me to include this annotation in earlier versions of the APF. I had to change my mind when email and discussions in a.f.p. made it clear that quite a few readers never make the connection, and think instead that Albert really doesn’t know what the phrase means.

25

The original quote here dates back to 1777, and is by Samuel Johnson (a well-known harmless drudge): “When a man is tired of London he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford.”

Quite a few people have mistaken this quote for a reference to Douglas Adams. Of course Adams was simply parodying Johnson’s quote as well when he wrote (in Chapter 4 of The Restaurant at the End of the Universe):

"[…] when a recent edition of Playbeing magazine headlined an article with the words ‘When you are tired of Ursa Minor Beta you are tired of life’, the suicide rate there quadrupled overnight.”

26

Refers to an old playground one-liner: “give me an alligator sandwich and make it snappy!”.

27

The stuff about wizards knowing all about fireworks is a reference to Tolkien’s The Hobbit, where the great Wizard Gandalf was famed (in times of peace) for entertaining everybody with fireworks.

28

A carbuncle is (1) a red semiprecious gem, and (2) a festering sore like a boil.

29

Albert’s name resonates slightly with our world’s Albertus Magnus (also known as Albert the Great). Albertus Magnus (born in 1193 in Laufingen at the Donau, Germany), became known as ‘the Magician’ and was probably the most famous priest, philosopher and scientist of his time. Amongst other things he taught at the University of Paris, was Bishop of Regensburg, and at the age of 84 he again undertook the long journey from Cologne to Paris to defend the scientific work of his greatest student, Thomas Aquinas, against attacks and misunderstandings.

30

Superstition says that both walking under a ladder and breaking a mirror give bad luck. Therefore, by the sort of skewed logic Terry continually gives to his characters, walking under a mirror must be really bad news.

31

The remark about sharpening razor blades is a reference to the pseudo-scientific ‘fact’ that (small models of) pyramids are supposed to have, among many other powers, the ability to sharpen razor blades that are left underneath the pyramids overnight.

32

Three years later, in 1990, Neil Gaiman’s Death says, in the story Facade:

"When the first living thing existed, I was there, waiting. When the last living thing dies, my job will be finished. I’ll put the chairs on the tables, turn out the lights and lock the universe behind me when I leave.”

33

A reference to Helen of Troy (or Tsort, I suppose I should say), over whom the Trojan War was started. The exact original quote, from Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Dr Faustus, goes:

Ilium is the Latin name for Troy.

34

Except that the events detailed in Soul Music imply that Ysabell was right in this case ("After that, it was a matter of math. And the Duty.”)…

35

This is where the popular (on the net, at least) ‘kingons and queons’ footnote starts out, which parodies a postulate of J. Sarfatti based on Bell’s theorem on quantum physics. Bell proves that in order for quantum theory to be valid, there has to exist a way to transfer information between subatomic particles that is faster than light. Sarfatti then theorised that this so called ‘superluminar’ communication could be modulated and used to send messages.

During a discussion on a.f.p., Terry had this to add to the subject:

"I’ve a strong suspicion that the smaller the country, the more powerful the monarch as an emitter of kingons.

Surely the size of the king in proportion to the size of his country is the important factor. If you’re king of a country of ten people there must be quite a high kingon flux.

As to where kingons come from in the first place, they come from God. God is invoked in the coronation service. God wants fat red-haired girls and clothes horses who can’t keep their mobile phone conversations private. God likes people with lots of front teeth. God must have a hand in all this, otherwise we’d have slaughtered all kings years ago.”