My Studio Neighbors

INDEX

[Illustration]

Agalena, house-spider, 7.

Alypia, grape-vine-moth, 160.

Andromeda (A. ligustrina),

singular greeting to the bee, 126;

interior arrangement of flower, 128;

release of the pollen, 129.

Angræcum, orchid of Madagascar, with nectary eleven inches long, 219.

Ants,

herding the aphides, 166;

a model honey-farm, 167.

"Ant-holes," 61.

Aphides, plant-lice,

founders of the feast, 165;

herded by ants, 167.

Apocynum, dogbane, 236.

Aprophora, spume-bearer, 82.

Arethusa bulbosa, orchid, 175.

Argiope, field spider, 8.

Aristolochias, 119.

Aristotle, 23.

Arum, wild:

-Position of the anthers, 141;

progressive stages of change, 142.

Asclepias cornuta, milkweed, 227.

Asilus, "robber-fly", 8.

Axell, a follower of Darwin, 116.

Bees:

-The drone of, 5;

a counterpart of clover; dependence of clover on, 117;

manner of approach, 121;

black-and-white banded, 126;

approach to the blue-flag, 131;

experiment with the bumblebee, 209;

his escape from the flower, 210;

manner of cross-fertilizing, 212;

manner of conveying the pollen, 218;

his difficulties with the milkweed flower, 233;

the cumbersome handicap, 234;

destroyed by the milkweed, 235.

Beetles (Cicindela), tiger, 68.

Birds:

-Swifts, 5;

robin, 5;

vireo, 5, 45;

indigo, 5;

chat, 5, 40;

oriole, 5, 32;

red-headed chippy; barn-swallow, 6, 28, 39, 40;

cuckoo, 23;

"kow-bird"; cow black-bird; bunting, 27;

song-sparrow, 30, 40;

Maryland yellow-throat, 28, 45;

Wilson's thrush; chewink, 32;

fly-catcher; bluebird; oven-bird; cat-bird; phoebe, 40;

bobolink; "reed-bird," 53;

humming, 227.

Birds' nests:

-Flimsy structure of the cuckoo's, 26;

song-sparrow's, 30;

oriole's swinging hammock; cobweb structure of the vireo's, 32;

size of yellow-bird's; summer yellow-bird's beautiful home, 47;

a four-story house, a possible fashion in featherdom, 51;

pipit's, 35;

wood-sparrow's, 37.

Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), queer little harlequins on, 9;

its scarlet-coated seeds, 88.

Blackburn, Mrs., quoted, 35.

Blair, Patrick, his claims concerning pollen, 111.

Blossom ceremonies, 119.

Blue-flag,

its hidden anthers reached only by the bumblebee or large fly,129;

manner of the bee's approach, 131.

Burroughs on wren-building, 17.

Butterflies:

-Great yellow swallow-tail (Papilio turnus); red admiral

(Pyrameis Atlanta); small yellow (Philodice); semicolon

(Grapta interrogationis); comma (Vanessa comma ), 153;

orange; white (Aphrodite), 154;

white cabbage (Pontia oleracea) 153.

Cactus, prickly-pear, its golden bower, 118.

Collinsonia, horse-balm, 136.

Caterpillars, 10, 14, 15, 62.

Celastrus scandens, bittersweet, 88.

Chamælirium luteum, devil's-bit, 133.

Chipmonk, 6.

Cicada,

victim of the sand-hornet, 77;

manner of depositing its eggs; period of transformation, 97;

time of hatching, 100.

Cicindela, tiger-beetle, 68.

Clover, cause of failure of crop in Australia, 117.

Cobwebs:

-A dusty prize; a two year's span, 7;

a mixed assortment in, 8.

Cone-flower (Rudbeckia hirta), 138;

embryo seeds; arrangement of the anthers, 139.

Cow black-bird, 27;

his favorite perch; old dame's theory, 28;

an unwelcome intruder, 30;

a prowling foe, 31.

Cow-bird:

-Ravenous young parasite, 31;

a clamoring lubber, 37;

"Black Douglas" of the bird-home, 38;

selected victims, 39;

distribution of its eggs; vicious habits, 40;

egg-laying intervals; demoralizing conditions; American species

an improvement, 41;

survival of the fittest, 42;

balance of power, 44;

outwitted, 51;

massing for migration, 52.

"Cow-spit," 80.

Cross-fertilization, 115, 122, 178, 189, 194.

"Cuckoo-spit," 80.

Cuckoos:

-Poetic misnomer, 23;

outrage on maternal affection; yellow-billed; black-billed;

imagination versus facts, 25;

bad workmanship of nest, 26;

its stammering cry, 27;

manner of depositing its eggs; handling the egg with her bill, 33;

short period of incubation; voracious appetite of the young;

aggressive selfishness, 34;

the tragedy of the nest, 35;

manner of disposing of its nest-mates, 36.

Cypripedium acaule, moccasin-flower; ladies'-slipper;

Venus's-slipper, 205.

Darwin:

-Process of anatomical evolution, 35;

theory of cross-fertilization, 105;

inspired insight, 115;

his disciples, 116;

experiments with pollen, 126;

weakness of self-fertilizing flowers, 144;

triumphant revelation, 171;

reaffirming Sprengel's theory, 178;

a chosen interpreter, 181;

dependence on insects, 183;

revealing the hidden treasure, 185;

foretelling the manner of cross-fertilization, 189;

description of the cross-fertilization, 209;

bees as implied fertilizers, 212;

truth of his belief, 220.

Darning-needle, dragon-fly (Libellulidæ), 156;

his dainty morsel, 160.

Delpino, a follower of Darwin, 116.

Desmodium, its hospitable welcome, 118.

Devil's-bit (Chamælirium luteum), 133.

Digger wasp,

its color and wire-like waist, 72;

manner of working, 74;

covering its tracks; opening the tomb, 76;

living food for the young grub, 77;

its remarkable carrying power, 78.

Dogbane (Apocynum),

its fragrant, bell-shaped flowers, 236;

trapping moths, 237.

Dogwood, 5.

Door-Step Neighbors:

-Chronicle of a day, 58;

disappearing holes, 59, 16;

"ant-holes"; a danger signal; an unhealthy court, 61;

a transformation, 62;

an experiment; method of excavation, 63;

a stalwart worker, 64;

an uncouth nondescript; spider-like legs, 66;

crawls on his back, 67;

a tiny black wasp; a spider-catcher, 69;

resting on her wings; inspecting her burrow, 70;

manner of burying her prey; skilful workmanship, 71;

a new-comer; her wire-like waist; digging her tunnel, 72;

manner of working; sound of labor, 74;

covering her tracks; opening the tomb, 76;

fresh living food, 77;

carrying seven times its weight; peculiar features of stone-piling, 78;

color of the wasp, 79;

the spume-bearer, 81;

nomadic blossoms; a sack bearer, 83;

winter quarters, 84.

Epeira, field spider, 8.

Epiphytes, air-plants, 181.

Evening primrose, its golden necklace, 118.

"Fertilization of Flowers," 116;

wrong theory, 114.

Fertilization of orchids, 105, 183.

Flies:

-Robber, 8;

bluebottle, 8;

harvest ichneumon, 45, 77, 96.

Foxes, wild gambols of, 6.

Froghopper. See Spume-bearer (Aprophora), 82.

Gärtner, recognizing the theory of cross-fertilization, 115.

Genesta, its reception of insects, 118.

Geranium, wild (G. sylvaticum), 112.

Gilbert, concerning cuckoo's eggs, 25.

"Gobs," 80.

Gray, Asa:

-Demonstration concerning orchids, 184;

surmise concerning the withdrawal of pollen, 188;

orchid structure, 190.

Grew, Nehemias, discovery concerning pollen, 110;

discoveries about pollen, 113;

first step in progress, 116.

Habenaria flava:

-Yellow-spiked, 203;

H. lacera, ragged, 200;

H. orbicularis, showy, 194, 199;

H. psycodes, purple-fringed, 200;

H. mascula, 189.

Heath, its distinguishing characteristics, 123.

Hemiptera, bugs with sucking beaks, 81.

Herbert:

-A follower of Sprengel, 108;

recognizing the principle of cross-fertilization, 115.

"Honey-dew Picnic":

-Gathering of the clans, 153;

a selected spot, 154;

a motley assemblage, 155;

an outlaw, 157;

a finish fight, 158;

funeral baked meats, 164;

gathering his grist;

the founder of the feast, 158.

Honey-guides, 112, 129.

Hornets:

-Its heavy load, 9;

on the watch, 15;

"solitary," 17;

queer home of, 18;

great sand, 77;

black paper, 161.

Horse-balm (Collinsonia), its singular shape, 136;

manner of bee's approach to, 138.

Huber:

-On insect slavery, 151;

on the cultivation of the aphides, 166.

Insect Fertilization, 115.

Jack-in-the-Pulpit, detaining its guests, 119.

Jardine, Sir William, concerning cuckoo's eggs, 32.

Jenner, Dr., habits of the young cuckoo, 35.

Knight, Andrew:

-On the divination of flowers, 108;

theory of cross-fertilization, 115.

Köhlreuter:

-Recognizing Sprengel's principles, 108;

a botanical pioneer, 115.

Krunitz, on flower honey, 111.

Labiates, flowers with lips, 122.

Ladies'-tresses (Spiranthes), 218.

Larva:

-Hornet, 16;

"puss-moth," 76;

psychid, 83.

Linnæus:

-Settling the theory of fertilization, 110;

puzzled as to the function of honey, 111;

a second step, 116;

imperfect knowledge of the orchid, 173.

Logan, concerning the cuckoo, 23.

Lubbock:

-On the divination of flowers, 108;

follower of Darwin, 116;

on the cultivation of aphides, 166.

Martial Spirit of Vespa, 19.

Membracis binotata, insect with a sharp beak, a tree-hopper, 91.

Milkweed:

-Its matchless hospitality;

purple pompons;

its five horns, 227;

its one mission;

the humming-bird its friend, 228;

complex mechanism;

enticing fragrance;

removal of pollen on insects' legs, 229;

four captives, 230;

its honey trap;

its tenacious grip, 233;

an assortment of victims;

cumbersome handicap, 234;

a wholesale destroyer, 235.

Mint family, 122.

Mnio-tiltidæ, summer yellow-bird, 47.

Moccasin-flower (Cypripedium acaule), 205.

Moths:

-Twilight;

sphinx, 118, 190, 220;

grape-vine, 160.

Mountain laurel:

-Showers of pollen of;

curious construction of flower of;

withers if brought indoors, 124;

character of the pollen, 125.

Mouse, motley collection of food of;

mischief of, 7.

Müller, Hermann:

-On the divination of flowers, 108;

on defective observation, 114;

the relations between the flower and insect, 116;

on fertilization, 142

Nature's Equilibrium, 39.

Natural observation, 57.

Nomadic blossoms, 83.

Orchids:

-Dependence on insects, 144;

strange mechanical adaptation;

sweet-pogonia;

perfume suggesting raspberries, 145;

intention of the blossom, 146;

adaptation for insects, 147;

its fragrance a perfumed whisper of welcome, 148;

a contrast, 172;

form of invitation, 173;

insect complement, 174;

Arethusa bulbosa, 175;

theories concerning the conveyance of the pollen, 176;

the most highly specialized form of flowers, 180;

distinguished by its structure;

American varieties not air-plants;

form of flower, 181;

elasticity of the pollen of the Spectabilis, 182;

self-fertilizing, 183;

American and exotic species, 184;

Arethusa's fragrance, 185;

its structure, 186;

significant depth of nectar wells;

conditions demanded of insects, 187;

Gray's surmise, 188;

sphinx-moth its only complement, 190;

manner of carrying the pollen by sphinx-moth, 193;

extracting the pollen with a pencil;

length of the nectary, 196;

purple-fringed, 198;

ragged, 200;

very exceptional provision, 201;

yellow-spiked, 203;

moccasin-flower;

ladies'-slipper;

Venus's-slipper;

the color of, 205;

distinctive character of, 206;

practical experiment, 209;

imprisonment of the bee;

manner of its release, 210;

rattlesnake-plantain, 213;

Angræcum, its long nectary, 219;

tongue of a sphinx-moth eleven inches long, 220;

nectary thirteen inches long, 223.

"Origin of Species":

-First important presentation of the theory of

cross-fertilization, 105;

tardy appreciation of the work, 115.

Odynerus flavipes, wren-wasp, 10.

Ovid, concerning hornets, 18.

Parallels in Nature, 152.

Platanthera, orchid group, 192.

Pliny, 23.

Pogonia ophioglossoides, sweet-pogonia, 145.

Polistes, brown wasp, 161.

Primrose, evening, 118.

Psychid:

-A sack-bearer; drags its house with it; feeds on seed-pods, 83;

winter quarters of silk, 84.

Queer Little Family:

-Tree-hopper (Membracis binotata); a singular entertainment;

graceful curves, 87;

a branch in masquerade; queer thorns, 88;

a sudden disappearance; animated thorns; like a covey of quails, 89;

like "Bob White," 90;

singular agility; queer anatomy; always ready for flight, 91;

fondness for locust and oak-trees, simulating the color and character

of the branches, 92;

manner of sitting on the branches, 93;

always headed towards the top; tiny tufts of cotton, 94;

color and size of the tufts; a mere frothy shell; a riddle, 95;

its relations, 96;

an investigation, 97;

its technique, 98;

aërated cement; froth-house builder, 99;

period of hatching, 100;

a house for the winter; not a wanderer, 101.

Ragged Orchid (H. lacera), 200.

"Rattlesnake-plantain," 213.

Rudbeckia hirta, cone-flower, 138.

Sage (Salvia officinalis), strange curved stamen, 119;

nature's arrangement, 112.

Salvia, its welcome to the bee, 117.

Self-fertilization, 141.

Sheep-spit, 80.

Showy orchid (H. orbicularis),194.

Snorting war-horse, 18.

Solitude, the pleasures of, 3.

"Solomon's ant," 152.

Spectabilis, orchid, 182;

its favorite haunt, 195.

Spiders, agalena, epeira, argiope, 8;

a two years' span, 7;

a silken vortex;

miscellaneous food, 8.

Spiranthes, "Lady's-tresses," 218.

Sprengel, Christian Conrad:

-Inspiration from the wild geranium, 108;

on the mystery of color, 112;

theory of fertilization;

a poser to Linnæus, 113;

his wrong theory, 114;

divining half the truth, 176;

assumption disproved, 178.

Spume-bearer (Aprophora), its domicile of suds;

wonderful power of jumping, 82.

Starling, dispossessing woodpecker from nest, 43.

Studio Company:

-"Tumultuous privacy"; contested territory; snickering squirrels, 4;

selected food; unsymmetrical carpentry; drone of bees; carol of birds;

flurry of swifts; accompaniments to my toil, 5;

wild fox; pet chipmonk; pet toad; his lightning tongue;

home in a bowl, 6;

an old friend, 9.

Summer yellow-bird (Mnio-tiltidæ), 47.

Sweet-pogonia (P. ophioglossoides), 145.

Swift, Jonathan, on parasites, 44.

Tennyson, quoted, 24.

"The Secrets of Nature in Forms and Fertilization of Flowers Discovered,"

Sprengel's work, 113.

Thévenot, concerning the thrift of insects, 152.

Tiger-beetle (Cicindela), 68.

Toads, 6.

Toad-spit, 80.

Tree-hopper, 93.

Venus's-slipper (Cypripedium acaule), 205.

Vireo, abandons its nest, 45.

Wasps:

-Wren, 10;

microscopic, 45;

tiny black, 69;

digger, 72, 162;

orange-spotted, 79;

brown; mud, 161.

"Waxwork" bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), 88.

Welcome of the flowers:

-The function of the stamen, 106;

difference in cells, 107;

condition of the flower, 108;

physiological features; recognition of sex in flowers, 109;

exchange of courtesies; each flower a law unto itself, 117;

action of "jack-in-the-pulpit"; cypripedium and aristolochias;

peculiarity of the sage, 119;

queer stamens; nature's arrangement, 121;

cross-fertilization insured, 122;

showers of laurel pollen; curious construction of flower, 124;

singular greeting to the bee, 126;

remarkable interior arrangement of the Andromeda, 128;

hidden anthers of the blue-flag, 129;

intercommunication and reciprocity, 135.

Wild geranium (G. sylvaticum), 112.

Wild volapük, 4.

Wilson, cow-bird's eggs, 33.

Wind as a fertilizing agent, 154.

White, Gilbert, cuckoo's eggs, 32;

rich localities, 58.

Wood, Alphonso:

-On tubercles, 203;

on embarrassed bees, 235.

Woodchucks, 5.

Wren-wasp (Odynerus flavipes):

-A cumbersome prize, 10;

selecting a home; way stations; a second instalment, 11;

very familiar, 12;

a well-stocked home, 13;

impotent anæsthetic, 14;

manner of catching her prey; a hypodermic injection, 15;

food on storage; closing the cell after depositing egg, 16;

living food; preference for ready-made houses; resemblance to

the yellow-jacket, 17.

Zenarchus, concerning the cicada, 96.

THE END

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