Putin

NOTES

1

Winston Churchill, “The Russian Enigma,” BBC Broadcast, October 1, 1939. The Churchill Society London.

2

Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Russian Question at the End of the Twentieth Century (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), p. 18.

3

“Full transcript: FBI Director James Comey testifies on Russian interference in 2016 election,” The Washington Post, March 20, 2017, p. 3.

4

Ibid., p. 9.

5

Glenn Thrush and Maggie Haberman, “Trump’s Weary Defenders Face Fresh Worries,” The New York Times, March 20, 2017.

6

Ibid.

7

Full transcript, p. 2.

8

Full text of Christopher Steele dossier published by Buzzfeed, January 10, 2017, unpaginated.

9

Glenn Garvin, “Donald Trump, the Unwanted Palm Beach Mansion and the Russian Fertilizer King,” The Miami Herald, March 7, 2017.

10

Eric Shawn, “Felix Sater, man at center of Ukraine plan, said he was only trying to help.” Fox News Politics, February 20, 2017.

11

Glenn Kessler, “Trump’s Claim that ‘I Have Nothing to Do with Russia,’” The Washington Post, July 27, 2016.

12

Megan Twohey, Scott Shane, “A Back-Channel Plan for Ukraine and Russia, Courtesy of Trump Associates,” The New York Times, February 19, 2017.

13

Christopher Steele dossier, Buzzfeed.

14

Andrew E. Kramer, “Paul Manafort, Former Trump Campaign Chief, Faces New Allegations in Ukraine,” The New York Times, March 20, 2017.

15

“Here’s the transcript of Trump’s repeated evasions on whether his campaign had contacts with Russian officials,” The Los Angeles Times, March 26, 2017.

16

James Miller, “Trump and Russia: All the Mogul’s Men,” Daily Beast, November 6, 2016.

17

Ibid.

18

Jeremy Diamond, “Timeline: Donald Trump’s Praise for Vladimir Putin:, CNN Politics, July 29, 2016.

19

Jeff Horowitz, Chad Day, “Manafort Had Plan to Benefit Putin Government,” Associated Press, Bloomberg News/Politics, March 22, 2017.

20

John R. Schindler, “The Spy Revolt Against Trump Begins,” Observer.com, February 2, 2017.

21

Glenn Thrush, Maggie Haberman, “Why Letting Go, for Trump, Is No Small or Simple Task,” The New York Times, March 21, 2017.

22

Nicholas Kristof, “A Smell of Treason in the Air,” The New York Times, March 23, 2017.

23

Full transcript, Washington Post, p. 6.

24

Ibid., p. 2.

25

Mark Galeotti, “Putin’s Hydra: Inside Russia’s Intelligence Services,” European Council on Foreign Affairs, ecfr.eu.

26

Nikolai Petrov, “How Putin Changed the Balance of Power Among Russia’s Elite,” Moscow Times, April 15, 2016.

27

Mikhail Fishman, “A Bigger Bludgeon,” Moscow Times, April 14, 2016.

28

Pete Earley, Comrade J (New York: Berkeley Books, 2009), p. 299.

29

Ibid., p. 301.

30

“John Kerry: We Could Have Shot Down Russian Jets ‘Buzzing’ US Warship,” Guardian, April 14, 2016.

31

Pavel Felgenhauer, “Russian Jets Fly Close to US Ship and Recon Aircraft over Baltic Sea,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, April 21, 2016.

32

“US Armor Paraded 300 Meters from Russian Border,” RT News, March 23, 2015.

33

www.freekaliningrad.ru/tsukanov-intelligence-services-of-the-west

34

Sergey Sukhaov, “Kaliningrad as a New Ideological Battlefield Between Russia and the West,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, April 25, 2016.

35

Ibid.

36

“Putin’s Personal Army,” Moscow Times, April 7, 2016.

37

Lisa Ferdinando, “Carter Outlines Security Challenges, Warns Against Sequestration,” DoD News, March 17, 2016.

38

Julian Barnes, “NATO’s Breedlove Calls for Sharper Focus on Russia Ahead of Departure,” Wall Street Journal, May 1, 2016.

39

Ibid.

40

The Rolling Stones, “Street Fighting Man,” Beggars Banquet.

41

Vladimir Putin, First Person (New York: Public Affairs, 2000), p. 81.

42

Robert Gates, Quotation of the Day, New York Times, September 20, 2008.

43

Richard Lourie, Russia Speaks (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), p. 189.

44

Ben Judah, Fragile Empire (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 20.

45

Putin, First Person, p. 6.

46

Ibid., p. 61.

47

Ibid., p. 10.

48

Ibid.

49

Ibid., p. 17.

50

Andrew Jack, Inside Putin’s Russia (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 52.

51

Inna Lazareva, “Remembering Vladimir Putin as a boy,” New Statesman, Jan. 15, 2015.

52

Daniel Triesman, “For Vladimir Putin What’s at Stake in Metrojet Investigation,” CNN, November 6, 2015.

53

Ben Judah, “Behind the Scenes in Putin’s Court,” Newsweek, July 23, 2014.

54

Putin, First Person, p. 22.

55

The poem “Restoration of Order” by Stanislaw Baranczak in my translation from Polish was published in Dissent, Winter 1984.

56

Putin, First Person, p. 23.

57

Ibid.

58

Ibid.

59

Ibid., p. 4.

60

Judah, Fragile Empire, p. 10.

61

Putin, First Person, pp. 41–42.

62

Lourie, Russia Speaks, p. 312.

63

Putin, First Person, p. 52.

64

Gary Weir and Walter Boybe, Rising Tide (New York: New American Library, 2003), p. 41.

65

Jacques Margeret, The Russian Empire and Grand Duchy of Moscow (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1983), p. 26.

66

my translation. Appears as “wasn’t too exceptional” in Putin, First Person, p. 48.

67

Earley, Comrade J, pp. 49 and 50 respectively.

68

Yuri Shvets, Washington Station (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), p. 15.

69

Early, Comrade J, p. 38.

70

attributed to Sakharov; Peter Baker and Susan Glasser, Kremlin Rising (Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007), p. 258.

71

Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield (New York: Basic Books, 1999), p. 5.

72

“Soviet Cold War Tapping of the US Embassy in Moscow. A Post-Mortem,” September 15, 2012. See also Sharon Maneki, “Learning from the Enemy: The Gunman Project,” National Security Agency, 2012.

73

www.agentura.ru/english/dossier/fsb/academy/

74

Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield, p. 7.

75

Gregory Freeze et al., ed., The KGB Files on Andrei Sakharov (Waltham Mass.: Andrei Sakharov Archives, Brandeis University / Yale University Press, 2005), pp. 25–26.

76

Ibid., p. 37.

77

Ibid., p. 58.

78

Putin, First Person, p. 50.

79

Vladimir Usoltsev, Sosluzhivets (Moscow: Eksmo, 2004), p. 186, my translation.

80

Dmitri Volkogonov, Autopsy of an Empire (New York: Free Press, 1998), p. 382.

81

Putin, First Person, p. 62.

82

Ibid., p. 54.

83

Ibid., p. 44.

84

Ibid., p. 53.

85

Ibid.

86

Jack, Inside Putin’s Russia, p. 58.

87

Putin, First Person, p. 40.

88

Earley, Comrade J, p. 54.

89

Vladimir Kuzichkin, Inside the KGB (New York: Pantheon, 1990), p. 63.

90

Putin, First Person, p. 55.

91

Ibid., p. 37.

92

Putin, First Person, p. 75.

93

Markus Wolf, Man Without a Face (New York: Public Affairs, 1999), p. 121.

94

Kurt Vonnegurt, Slaughterhouse Five (New York: Dial, 1969), p. 1.

95

John Koehler, Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1999), p. 73.

96

Wolf, Man Without a Face, p. 110.

97

Usoltsev, Sosluzhivets, p. 62.

98

Putin, First Person, p. 77.

99

Koehler, Stasi, p. 8.

100

Ibid., p. 9.

101

Ibid., p. 27.

102

Kuzichkin, Inside the KGB, p. 82.

103

Putin, First Person, p. 69.

104

Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield, pp. 8–9.

105

Kuzichkin, Inside the KGB, pp. 86–87.

106

Thom Shanker, “A Secret Warrior Leaves the Pentagon as Quietly as He Entered,” New York Times, May 1, 2015.

107

Mark Franchetti, “Agent Reveals Young Putin’s Spy Disaster,” Sunday Times, London March 19, 2000.

108

Shvets, Washington Station, p. 27.

109

Usoltsev, Sosluzhivets, p. 24.

110

Masha Gessen, The Man Without a Face (New York: Riverhead, 2012), p. 66.

111

Earley, Comrade J, p. 330.

112

Putin, First Person, p. 67.

113

Ibid., p. 74.

114

Ibid., p. 72.

115

Shvets, Washington Station, p. 25.

116

Putin, First Person, p. 61.

117

This and other Lyudmila Putin quotes are in my translation from Oleg Blotsky, Vladimir Putin: Istoriya zhizni (Moscow: Izdatelstvo Mezhdunarodniye otnosheniya, 2002). No page numbers because the section was from an online post. Apparently the book was published in English that same year as Vladimir Putin: The Road to Power.

118

Usoltsev, Sosluzhivets, p. 53.

119

Ibid., p. 185.

120

Ibid., p. 166.

121

Ibid., p. 201.

122

Putin, First Person, p. 76.

123

Ibid., p. 78.

124

Ibid., p. 79.

125

Ibid.

126

Baltasar Gracián, The Pocket Oracle and Art of Prudence, quoted in Lapham’s Quarterly 9, no. 3 (Summer 2016), p. 171.

127

Jakub Korejba, “Democracy? No Thanks!”; New Eastern Europe, January–March 2013.

128

Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, The New Nobility (New York: Public Affairs, 2010), p. 28.

129

Putin, First Person, pp. 86–87.

130

Ibid., p. 85.

131

Ibid., p. 87.

132

Ibid., p. 88.

133

Gessen, The Man Without a Face, p. 97.

134

Putin, First Person, p. 92.

135

from Quora interview “What Are Putin’s Views on Communism?” www.quora.com.

136

John Lloyd, “The Logic of Vladimir Putin,” New York Times, March 19, 2000.

137

Putin, First Person, p. 93.

138

Obituary in the Economist, February 24, 2000.

139

Putin, First Person, p. 93.

140

Richard Lourie, “Window on Russia,” Boston Phoenix, October 18, 1991.

141

Ibid.

142

Andrei Amalrik, Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? (New York: Perennial Library, 1970), p. 23.

143

C. J. Chivers and Erin E. Arvedlund, “Head of Russian Electricity Monopoly Survives Ambush,” New York Times, March 3, 2005.

144

David Hoffman, The Oligarchs (New York: Public Affairs, 2002), p. 5.

145

TASS, Politika, June 16, 2015, tass.ru/ronika/2042091.

146

Hoffman, The Oligarchs, p. 184.

147

Ibid., p. 183.

148

Richard Lourie, “Pride and Prices,” Boston Phoenix, January 3, 1992.

149

Ibid.

150

Leon Aron, Yeltsin (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000), p. 317.

151

Gessen, The Man Without a Face, p. 81.

152

John Lloyd, “The Logic of Vladimir Putin,” New York Times, March 19, 2000.

153

Ibid.

154

Gessen, The Man Without a Face, p. 124.

155

Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p. 52.

156

novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his241/notes/geography/caucasus.html.

157

Hoffman, The Oligarchs, p. 117.

158

Chrystia Freeland, Sale of the Century (New York: Crown, 2000), p. 134.

159

Hoffman, The Oligarchs, p. 132.

160

Freeland, Sale of the Century, p. 169.

161

Hoffman, The Oligarchs, p. 308.

162

Philip Berman, review of Leon Aron, Yeltsin, Philadelphia Inquirer, April 16, 2000.

163

Hoffman, The Oligarchs, p. 326.

164

Ibid., p. 328.

165

Aron, Yeltsin, p. 596.

166

Ibid., p. 607.

167

Ibid., p. 617.

168

Ibid.

169

Ibid., p. 621.

170

Ibid., p. 622.

171

Ibid.

172

Ibid., p. 627.

173

Gessen, The Man Without a Face, p. 134.

174

Aron, Yeltsin, p. 637.

175

Putin, First Person, p. 128.

176

Ibid., p. 131.

177

Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p. 53.

178

Freeland, Sale of the Century, p. 330.

179

“Yeltsin Resigns,” New York Times, January 1, 2000.

180

Florence Becker, “Woman’s Place,” New International 2, no. 5 (August 1935), pp. 175–76.

181

Gorbachev press conference, July 21, 2015, AP Archive. Also “Gorbachev Denounces Putin on Rights and Corruption,” Moscow Times, March 8, 2013.

182

Putin, First Person, p. 187.

183

Paul Johnson, Heroes (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 253.

184

Thomas Friedman, “Taking Ownership of Iraq,” New York Times, June 25, 2006.

185

Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand (New York: Random House, 2003), p. 197.

186

Ibid., p. 76.

187

Ibid., p. 357.

188

Putin, First Person, p. 141.

189

Ibid., p. 139.

190

Ibid., p. 142.

191

Ibid., p. 140.

192

Vladimir Ryzhkov, “Guriev Is Latest Victim of Putin’s Police State,” Moscow Times, June 4, 2013.

193

Interview with Vladimir Grechukhin, “Pravda dlya nas vazhnee zakonov,” Argumenty I fakty, no. 38, 2007.

194

Peter Chaadayev, Philosophical Letters (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969), p. 38.

195

Ibid.

196

Arthur Conolly, Journey to the North of India 2 volumes, 1838. Also quoted in Philip Glazebrook, Journey to Khiva.

197

Quoted in Avril Pyman, The Life of Alexander Blok (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979). Also quoted in Funeral Games in Honor of Arthur Lourie (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), p. 12.

198

The hacker called “Lightwatch” quoted in Clifford Levy, “What’s Russian for Hacker?” New York Times, October 21, 2007.

199

Ibn Miskawayh quoted in Richard Lourie, Predicting Russia’s Future (Whittle Direct Books, 1991), p. 8.

200

Peter Maas, Underboss (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), p. 25.

201

Vladimir Volkoff, Vladimir the Russian Viking (Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press, 1985), p. 223.

202

Richard Lourie, Predicting Russia’s Future, p. 10. My translation.

203

Volkoff, Vladimir the Russian Viking, p. 176.

204

Lourie, Predicting Russia’s Future, p. 9.

205

James Billington, The Icon and the Axe (New York: Vintage Books, 1970), pp. 36–37.

206

Andrei Sinyavsky, Soviet Civilization (New York: Arcade, 1988), p. 11.

207

Leon Trotsky, Literature and Revolution, Last lines, Leon Trotsky Internet Archive.

208

Tim McDaniel, The Agony of the Russian Idea (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), p. 10.

209

Nikolai Berdyaev, The Russian Idea (Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Press, 1992), pp. 20–21.

210

McDaniel, The Agony of the Russian Idea, p. 36.

211

Alexei Pankin, “Trying to Remain Moral Amid ‘Dom 2’,” Moscow Times, July 8, 2013.

212

Foreword by Norman Davies in Tomasz Kizny, Gulag (Richmond Hill, Canada: Firefly, 2004), p. 9.

213

Mark MacKinnon, The New Cold War (New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007), p. 153.

214

Winston Churchill, “The Gift of a Common Tongue” Harvard Commencement Ceremony, September 6, 1943, www.winstonchurchill.org.

215

Thane Gustafson, Wheel of Fortune (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 2012), p. 27.

216

Section 1, Chapter 4, Article 92, Constitution of the Russian Federation, President of Russia Official Web Portal.

217

Putin, First Person, p. 186.

218

Alex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko, Death of a Dissident (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 210.

219

Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo (New York: Modern Library, 2001), p. 23.

220

http://www.marxists.org/ … /stalin/ … /stalin/05.ht.

221

Obituary, “Stalin’s Oil Minister Dies at 97,” New York Times, April 2, 2008.

222

Lourie, Russia Speaks, p. 132.

223

“Nikolai Baibakov, Stalin’s oil supremo, he went on to direct the Soviet economy,” Guardian, April 16, 2008.

224

Egor Gaidar, “The Soviet Collapse,” American Enterprise Institute, April 2007.

225

Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 185.

226

Ibid., p. 135.

227

Hoffman, The Oligarchs, p. 125.

228

Ibid., p. 126.

229

Marshall Goldman, Petrostate (New York: Oxford, 2008), p. 63.

230

Ibid., p. 64.

231

Ibid.

232

Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p. 275.

233

Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 401.

234

Gustafson, Wheel of Fortune, p. 252.

235

Ibid., p. 293.

236

Goldman, Petrostate, p. 111.

237

Ibid., p. 115.

238

Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p. 288.

239

Gustafson, Wheel of Fortune, p. 296.

240

Boris Kagarlitsky, Back in the USSR (London: Seagull Books, 2009), p. 32.

241

Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p. 340.

242

Gustafson, Wheel of Fortune, p. 251.

243

Dimtri Medvedev, “Go Russia!” President of Russia Official Web Portal, September 10, 2009.

244

iipdigital. Usembassy.gov.

245

Putin quoted in “Responsible Nanotechnology,” Russia and Nanotechnology, crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/2007/05/russia_and_nano.html.

246

Ibid.

247

Alexander and Zaitchik, “Russia Pours Billions in Oil Profits into Nanotech Race,” Wired.com, November 1, 2007.

248

Ibid.

249

Ibid.

250

Nadia Popova, “Chubais Predicts Big Growth in Nano Jobs,” Moscow Times, September 3, 2009.

251

archive.government.ru/eng/multimedia/photo/2009/?page=95.

252

“Viktor Chernomyrdin, a Russian prime minister, died on November 3rd, aged 72,” Economist, November 4, 2010. There are several translations of this brilliant formulation. None quite work.

253

Robert Kaplan, “Old World Order,” Time, March 20, 2014.

254

“Putin Hints at Splitting Up Ukraine,” Moscow Times, April 8, 2008. I have here modified the translation of “gosudarstvo,” which could also be rendered as “state” or “nation-state.”

255

Ivan Nechepurenko, “Gorbachev on Russia and Ukraine,” Moscow Times, November 21, 2014.

256

quoted in Volkoff, Vladimir the Russian Viking, p. 39.

257

“Putin Says Crimea Sacred, Attacks US, EU over Ukraine,” Bloomberg Business, December 3, 2014.

258

Volkoff, Vladimir the Russian Viking, p. 234.

259

Jack Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2004), p. 7.

260

Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (New York: Fred de Fau, 1906), vol. 7, p. 4.

261

Simon Seabag Montefiore, Potemkin (New York: Vintage Books, 2005), p. 362.

262

Anna Reid, Borderland (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2000), p. 31.

263

Ibid., p. 29.

264

Ibid., p. 30.

265

My translation.

266

Reid, Borderland, p. 64.

267

Ibid., p. 79.

268

Ibid., pp. 81–82.

269

Ibid., p. 82.

270

Quoted in Paul Taylor, “Frictions Created in Civil Service in Reagan Era,” Washington Post, January 19, 1983.

271

Reid, Borderlands, p. 83.

272

My translation.

273

Remark by Menshevik Nikolai Sukhanov quoted in a review by Ian Cumming of Stalin: Paradoxes of Power by Stephen Kotkin, Sydney Morning Herald, March 2, 2015.

274

Reid, Borderland, p. 158.

275

John Thor Dahlburg, “Ukraine Votes to Quit Soviet Union,” Los Angeles Times, December 3, 1991.

276

John Steinbeck, A Russian Journal (London: Penguin, 1994), pp. 53–54.

277

“NATO’s Eastward Expansion,” Der Spiegel Online International, November 26, 2009.

278

Tim Weiner and Barbra Crossette, “George F. Kennan Dies at 101,” New York Times, March 18, 2005.

279

Like nearly all great quotes, unless by Churchill, this one may have been misattributed.

280

Adrian Blomfield and Mike Smith, “Gorbachev: US Could Start New Cold War,” Telegraph (London), May 6, 2008.

281

Ivan Nechepurenko, “Gorbachev on Russia and Ukraine,” Moscow Times, November 21, 2014.

282

Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Russian Question at the End of the Twentieth Century (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), p. 90.

283

Megan Stack, “Why Russia Is Back,” Los Angeles Times, September 4, 2008.

284

“Putin Hints at Splitting Up Ukraine,” Moscow Times, April, 8, 2008.

285

National Geographic, April 2011.

286

Steven Erlanger, “Britain and Europe Sleepwalked into Ukraine Crisis Report Says,” New York Times, February 20, 2015.

287

Andrew Higgins, “Upheaval Highlights E.U.’s Past Miscalculations and Future Dangers,” New York Times, March 21, 2014.

288

Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 504.

289

Peter Hopkirk, Setting the East Ablaze (New York: Kondasha, 1984), p. 142.

290

Anna Dolgov, “Navalny Wouldn’t Return Crimea,” Moscow Times, October 16, 2014.

291

Andrew Small, “Chinese Foreign Policy Comes of Age,” New York Times, March 26, 2015.

292

“Frozen Conflict,” Economist, December 20, 2014.

293

“Norway in Arctic Dispute with Russia over Rogozin Visit,” BBC News, April 20, 2015. Also appears as “The Arctic is a Russian Mecca” in Steve Lee Myers, “Arctic Council Meeting Nears in the Shadow of Tension with Russia,” New York Times, April 24, 2015.

294

Franz-Stefan Gady, “Meet the Russian Politician Who Thinks,” Diplomat, May 27, 2015.

295

Adam Taylor, “Putin Thinks of the Past When Talking Ukraine—but the Arctic When He Sees Russia’s Future,” Washington Post, August 29, 2014.

296

Bruce Panner, “Security Concerns Rising as Arctic Thaw Spurs Race for Oil,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), January 29, 2009.

297

Roderick Kefferputz, “On Thin Ice?” CEPS Policy Brief no. 205, February 2010.

298

Lawrence Daina and Daniel Dombey, “Canada Joins Rush to Claim the Arctic,” Financial Times, August 9, 2007.

299

Scott Borgerson, “Arctic Meltdown,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2008, p. 65.

300

CEPS Policy Brief no. 205, February 2010.

301

Ibid.

302

Christoph Seidler and Gerald Trauletter, “Boon to Global Shipping: Melting of Artic Ice Opening Up New Routes to Asia,” Der Spiegel Online, September 27, 2010.

303

“Exploitation of Arctic Resources Will Happen,” Der Spiegel Online, October 26, 2012.

304

“Definition of the Continental Shelf,” UNCLOS 1982, Part VI, Article 76, p. 53.

305

Keith Johnson, “GOP Scuttles Law-of-Sea Treaty,” Wall Street Journal, July 16, 2012.

306

Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta’s speech on the Law of the Sea, May 2012, Council on Foreign Relations, May 9, 2012.

307

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, Senator Richard G. Lugar Opening Statement, September 27, 2007. www.ceanlaw.org.

308

Ibid.

309

Ibid.

310

Terence Armstrong, The Russians in the Arctic (Fair Lawn, N.J.: Essential Books, 1958), p. 74.

311

Ibid.

312

Ibid., p. 78.

313

Ibid., p. 163.

314

“Worst Journey in the World,” RFE/RL, March 20, 2013.

315

“Nuclear Waste Poses Arctic Threat,” BBC News, March 1, 2013.

316

“Arctic Oil Drilling Threatens International Radioactive Contamination from Old Soviet Nuclear Dump Sites,” Bellona, www.bellona.org/articles, February 3, 2009.

317

Arama Ter-Ghazaryan, “Ancient Bacteria Might Help Us Live to 140,” RBTH (Russia Beyond the Headlines), October 19, 2015.

318

Michael Bohm, “Carelessness as a Russian National Trait,” Moscow Times, August 2, 2013.

319

James Brooke, “Russia Moves into Arctic Oil Frontier with a Lax Safety Culture?” VOA (Voice of America), December 22, 2011.

320

Fiona Harvey and Shaun Walker, “Arctic Oil Spill Is Certain If Drilling Goes Ahead, Says Top Scientist,” Guardian, November 19, 2003.

321

Christoph Seidler, “Spring Cleaning in the Arctic: Putin’s Environmental Action Plan for the Far North,” Der Speigel Online, September 24, 2010.

322

Ken Stier, “In Russia, a push for Floating Power Plants,” Time, Nov. 12, 2010.

323

Ken Stier, “In Russia a Push for Floating Nuclear Power Plants,” Time, November 12, 2010.

324

Alissa de Carbonnel, “Can Nuclear Power Plants Float?” Reuters, April 18, 2011.

325

Seidler and Traufetter, “Boon to Global Shipping.”

326

“Tequila Sunset,” Economist, February 9, 2013.

327

Matthew Farish, The Contours of America’s Cold War (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010), p. 174.

328

Ivan Nechepurenko, “Oil Price Drop Puts Russia’s Arctic Drive in Question,” Moscow Times, January 15, 2015.

329

Eva Stolberg review of John McCannon, Red Arctic: Polar Exploration and the Myth of the North in the Soviet Union 1932–1939, H-Russia networks, h-net.org.

330

Tony Halpin, “Russia Warns of War Within a Decade over Arctic Oil and Gas Riches,” Timesonline, Times, May 14, 2009.

331

James Bamford, “Frozen Assets,” Foreign Policy, May/June 2015, p. 47.

332

Douglas Ernst, “U.S. Cedes Arctic to Russia,” Washington Times, July 8, 2015.

333

“Battle for Arctic Key for Russia’s Sovereignty—Rogozin,” RIA/NOVOSTI, December 4, 2012.

334

Evan Osnos, “Born Red,” New Yorker, April 16, 2015.

335

“Putin: Russia’s development vector is directed eastward in the 21st century,” Interfax, December 12, 2012. Translation changed slightly.

336

see entry on Vyacheslav Plehve in Prominent Russians in Russiapedia.

337

Denis Warner and Peggy Warner, The Tide at Sunrise: History of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905 (New York: Routledge, 2002), p. 530.

338

“The Opening to China Part II,” Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State, history@state.gov.

339

Arkady Shevchenko, Breaking with Moscow (New York: Knopf, 1985), pp. 164–65.

340

Russian Reform Monitor No. 1779, May 17, 2012.

341

Alex Rodriguez, “Chinese Reap Opportunity, Rancor in Russia’s Far East,” Chicago Tribune, September 27, 2006.

342

www.president.kremlin.ru/events.

343

Sujata Rao and Michelle Chen, “Russian Firms Turn to Asia for Finance as Western Firms Demur,” Reuters, April 30, 2014.

344

Rens Lee, “The Far East Between Russia, China, and America,” FPRI (Foreign Policy Research Institute), July 2012.

345

J. Berkshire Miller, “Getting Serious: An End to the Russia-Japan Dispute?” Diplomat, April 19, 2013.

346

David Tweed, “Why Putin Fears China,” Bloomberg Business, February 15, 2015.

347

Yu Sun, “March West: China’s Response to the U.S. Rebalancing,” Brookings Upfront, January 31, 2013.

348

Mao Zedong, Speech of April 25, 1956, Selected Works, vol., 5 (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1977).

349

Jane Perlez, “China Looks West as It Bolsters Regional Ties,” New York Times, September 7, 2013.

350

Jeremy Page, “China Turns to New Hero: Putin the Great,” Wall Street Journal, October 2, 2014.

351

Charles Clover, “Russia and China Learn from Each Other as Military Ties Deepen,” ft.com>world>asia-pacific, June 24, 2016.

352

“China Irked by Dalai Lama’s ‘East Turkestan’ Comment,” Tibetan Review, July 22, 2013.

353

Ibid.

354

Joseph Bosco, “Taiwan and Strategic Security,” Diplomat, May 15, 2015.

355

Farangis Najbullah, “Putin Downplays Kazakh Independence, Sparks Angry Reaction,” RFE/RL, September 3, 2014.

356

Ian Traynor “Kazakhstan Is Latest Russia Neighbor to Feel Putin’s Chilly Nationalist Rhetoric,” Guardian, September 1, 2014.

357

“Alexander Solzhenitsyn on the New Russia,” Forbes interview, August 5, 2008.

358

Jonathan Aiken, Nazarbayev and the Making of Kazakhstan (London: Continuum, 2009), p. 107.

359

Ibid., p. 62.

360

Katrina Swett and M. Zuhdi Jasser, “CIS Has a Poor Record on Religious Freedom,” Moscow Times, August 16, 2013.

361

Joshua Kucera, “Kazakhstan’s Islamist Threat,” Diplomat, August 15, 2011.

362

Deidre Tynan, “Central Asia Is a Sitting Duck for Islamic State,” Moscow Times, June 15, 2015.

363

Robert Kaplan, The Revenge of Geography (New York: Random House, 2012), p. 74.

364

Ibid., p. 185.

365

Victor Davidoff, “Gays Are New Enemy No. 1,” Moscow Times, June 23, 2013.

366

Edvard Radzinsky, Alexander II, the Last Great Tsar (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005), p. 53.

367

Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p. 376.

368

International Affairs 36 (1960), p. 4.

369

Danny Hakim, “Once Celebrated in Russia, the Programmer Pavel Durov Chooses Exile,” New York Times, December 2, 2014.

370

Ibid.

371

Ibid.

372

Ibid.

373

Ibid.

374

John Thornhill, “Lunch with the FT: Pavel Durov,” Financial Times, July 3, 2015.

375

Chris Boyette, “Russia’s Mark Zuckerberg Offers Edward Snowden a Job,” CNN Money, August 5, 2013.

376

Andrew Roth, “Putin Signs New Anti-Terror Law in Russia. Edward Snowden Is Upset,” Washington Post, July 7, 2016.

377

David Sherfinski, “Donald Trump: Putin Would Return ‘Total Traitor’ Snowden If I’m President,” Washington Times, July 9, 2015.

378

Andrew Higgins, “For Guccifer, Hacking Was Easy. Prison Is Hard,” New York Times, November 10, 2014.

379

Ewen MacAskill, “Putin Calls Internet a ‘CIA Project’ Renewing Fears of Web Breakup,” Guardian, April 24, 2014.

380

Karl Vick, “Is Putin Taking Sides?” Time, August 8, 2016.

381

Ilya Khrennikov and Stepan Kravchenko, “Putin’s New Internet Czar Wants Apple and Google to Pay More Taxes,” Bloomberg Technology, February 8, 2016.

382

“Meet Vladimir Putin’s new Internet advisor,” Meduza, December 24, 2015.

383

Ibid.

384

Khrennikov and Kravchenko, “Putin’s New Internet Czar.”

385

“Hillary Clinton’s ‘Hacked’ Benghazi Emails Sent to RT,” RT, March 19, 2013.

386

Ludmilla Alexeyeva, Soviet Dissent (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1985), p. 12.

387

Mikhail Heller and Aleksandr Nekrich, Utopia in Power (New York: Summit Books, 1986), p. 544.

388

Claire Berlinski, “Update on the Bukovsky Trial,” Ricochet, July 28, 2016.

389

Sir Robert Owen, The Litvinenko Inquiry (London, 2016), p. 244.

390

Claire Berlinski, “Did Britain Fall into Putin’s Trap in Prosecuting a Russian Dissident?” National Review, May 11, 2016.

391

Ellen Nakashima, “Russia Hackers Targeted Arizona Election System,” Washington Post, August 29, 2016.

392

“A man who’s seen society’s black underbelly Meduza meets ‘Anonymous International’.” Meduza, February 2, 2015.

393

Ibid.

394

Eduard Limonov, Drugaya Rossiya (Moscow: Yauza, 2004), p. 66.

395

Bloomberg TV Video, December 17, 2014.

396

Richard Lourie, Russia Speaks, pp., 279–80. I tinkered with the translation, which was mine to begin with.

397

Dmitri Oreshkin, “What Would Happen to Russia If Putin Died,” Week, February 3, 2015.

398

“‘No Putin, No Russia’ says Kremlin Deputy Chief of Staff,” Moscow Times, October 23, 2014.

399

Ellen Barry, “Rousing Russia with a Phrase,” New York Times, December 9, 2011.

400

Sean Guillory, “Russian Opposition Leader Alexei Navalny,” Exiled, December 26, 2011.

401

Donld Jensen, “Sergei Ivanov Returns to Center Stage,” IMR, April 2, 2013.

402

Ibid.

403

Ibid.

404

Luke Harding, “WikiLeaks Cables Claim Vladimir Putin Has Secret Wealth Abroad,” Guardian, December 11, 2010.

405

Vladimir Bukovsky, Nasledniki Lavrentiya Beria (Moscow: Algoritm, 2013), p. 155. My translation.

406

Sam Knight, “The Bouvier Affair,” New Yorker, February 8, 2016.