QUEEN VICTORIA A Personal History

Abbreviations

RA Royal Archives

RAQVJ Royal Archives, Queen Victoria's Journal

CH Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria in her Letters and Journals

Chapter 1. THE FAMILY

1. Creevey Papers, 269.

2. Anderson passim; Duff, Edward, Duke of Kent, passim; Fulford, Royal Dukes, passim.

3. Greville, iv, 244-5.

4. Creevey, 284.

5. Ibid., 270.

6. RA 45340, Duke of Kent to Baron de Mallet, 26 January 1819.

7. Creevey, 271.

8. Hibbert, George IV, ii, 93.

9. Creevey, 425.

10. Quennell, Private Letters of Princess Lieven, 111.

11. Frampton, 267.

12. Aspinall, Letters of Princess Charlotte, 186.

13. Ibid., 262.

14. RA M2/68 quoted in Longford, Victoria, 20.

Chapter 2. THE PARENTS

1. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 17.

2. Stockmar, i, 77.

3. RA Add. 7/1355, 1 February 1819.

4. Creevey, 276-7.

5. RA M3/1, 5 April 1819.

6. Stockmar, i, 78.

7. RA M3/3 24 May 1819, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 30.

8. RA M24/2 31 May 1819, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 30.

9. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 24.

10. RA M4/26.

11. Ibid.

12. Hibbert, George IV, ii, 128-9; Chariot, 32-3; Longford, Victoria, 24.

13. RA Z/286, 19 January 1820.

14. Woodham-Smith, 44.

15. RA Y69/26 12 December 1842; RA Y82/ 101, 7 January 1859.

16. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 46.

Chapter 3. THE CHILD

1. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 28.

2. Lorne, 57-62.

3. John Lehmann, Edward Lear and his World, 1977, 68; Warner, 108.

4. RA MP 116/11, 23 March 1830.

5. Benson and Esher, i, 10.

6. Ibid., 10-11.

7. Hibbert, George IV, ii, 277-8.

8. Ibid.; Richard Edgcumbe, ed. The Diary of Frances, Lady Shelley, 1912-13, 146-7.

9. Edgcumbe, op. cit., 153.

10. Aspinall, Letters of King George IV, iii, 296.

11. RA Y36/132 15 April 1883.

12. Quoted in Hudson, 64.

13. RA Y 203/81.

14. Hudson, 73.

15. Benson and Esher, i, 18.

16. Low, Queen Victoria's Dolls; Tooley, 31.

17. Hudson, 16.

18. RA M3/36 1 April 1821.

19. Hudson, 55.

20. Quoted in Chariot, 43.

Chapter 4. CONROY

1. Greville, iv, 44.

2. Hudson, 14-15; Woodham-Smith, 258-9.

3. Hudson, 125.

4. Greville, ii, 294.

5. Hudson, 56.

6. RA M4/16, 12 January 1830; Hudson, 74.

7. Leigh Hunt, The Old Court Suburb, 1902, ii, 175, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 60; Tooley, 28.

8. Tooley, 32.

9. Charles Knight, ii, 170. 10. Greville, i, 214.

11. Wharncliffe, ii, 78-9.

12. Arbuthnot, ii, 186.

13. RA Y203/81, 2 December 1867.

Chapter 5. PROGRESSES

1. Quoted in Chariot, 40, 58.

2. RA M4/2, 30 June 1830.

3. RA M4/22, 1 July 1830; Greville, i, 196.

4. Chariot, 59.

5. RA M4/32, 26 June 1831.

6. Greville, ii, 150.

7. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 27.

8. Lee, 31.

9. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 28.

10. RA M5/78, 30 July 1835.

11. Hudson, 3.

12. Woodham-Smith, 89; Longford, Victoria, 42.

13. RAQVJ, 21 July 1832.

14. Ibid., 1 August-9 November 1832; Woodham-Smith, 88.

15. RAQVJ, 8 November 1832.

16. Greville, ii, 388, 4 July 1833.

17. RAQVJ, 2 August 1833.

18. Longford, Victoria, 43.

19. RA MP 115/73, 8 July 1836.

20. RA MP 115/75, 13 July 1836.

21. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 43.

22. Woodham-Smith, 96; Esher, Girlhood of Queen Victoria, i, 104, 355.

23. RA MP 115/58, 22 August 1835.

24. Hudson, 26; RA M5/84, 2 September 1835.

25. Greville, iii, 258.

26. Hudson, 89.

27. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 92.

28. RAQVJ, 25 September 1835.

Chapter 6. UNCLES

1. RAQVJ, 4, 6 October 1835; Longford, Victoria, 48-9.

2. Hudson, 104.

3. RAQVJ, 26 February 1838.

4. Hudson, 105.

5. RAQVJ, 14, 15 December 1835; 25 January 1836.

6. Woodham-Smith, 108.

7. RAQVJ, 18 April 1837.

8. RAQVJ, 4 June, 18 June 1836; RA 88/15 7 June 1836.

9. Warner, 4, 7, 51, 67.

10. RA Y88/14, 31 May 1836.

11. RA M4/64, 15 April 1837; Woodham-Smith, 125.

12. Hudson, 118.

13. Greville, iii, 308-11.

14. RA M7/14, 20; Woodham-Smith, 133.

15. RA M7/15.

16. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 134.

17. RAQVJ, 24 May 1837.

18. RA Add. A 11/12, 8-13 June 1837.

19. Hudson, 129.

20. RA M7/67, Prince Charles Leiningen's Memorandum; Hudson, 121.

21. RAQVJ, 20 June 1837; Bell, 91.

Chapter 7. THE YOUNG QUEEN

1. Creevey, 664.

2. Ibid., 167.

3. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 66.

4. RAQVJ, 20 June 1837.

5. Chariot, 83.

6. Greville, iii, 372-3.

7. Ibid.

8. Croker Papers, ii, 359.

9. RAQVJ, 20 June 1837.

10. Ibid.

11. Longford, Victoria, 66-73; Woodham-Smith, 140-48; Chariot, 87-91; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 65-70; Weintraub, Victoria, 99-101.

12. RA Z482/12, 17 August 1837.

13. RA M7/65.

14. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 15.

15. Healey, Courts & Co., 295.

16. RAQVJ, 16 January 1838.

17. RAQVJ, 7 November 1837.

Chapter 8. MELBOURNE

1. RALP 13 November 1837.

2. Greville, iii, 373.

3. Boykin, 104.

4. Creevey, 668.

5. Quoted in Aronson, Heart of a Queen, 5.

6. Creevey, 666.

7. Lord Holland, Holland House Diaries, quoted in Healey, The Queen's House, 121; Granville, ii, 235.

8. Greville, iv, 40.

9. Ibid., iv, 41.

10. Mitchell, 41-2.

11. RAQVJ, 1 August 1838.

12. Mitchell, 3-5, 13.

13. Ibid., 31, 118; Longford, Victoria, 69-70; RAQVJ, 1 November 1837; Ziegler, Melbourne, 257-65.

14. Mitchell, 234; RAQVJ 2 July 1837.

15. Quoted in Mitchell, 235.

16. Greville, iv, 93.

17. Mitchell, 239.

18. Quoted in Ziegler, Melbourne, 124.

19. RAQVJ, 26 December 1838; 7 April 1839.

20. Mitchell, 24; RAQVJ, 6 April 1838.

Chapter 9. CORONATION

1. Frampton, 404-5.

2. Greville, iv, 19.

3. RAQVJ, 28 June 1838.

4. Raikes, ii, 107.

5. Oman, 287.

6. Martineau, 221.

7. Greville, iv, 72.

8. Lome, 89.

9. Chariot, 123.

10. Greville, iv, 70-72.

11. RAQVJ, 28 June 1838.

12. Ibid.

13. Lome, 90.

14. Ibid., 91.

15. RAQVJ, 6 July 1838.

16. Monypenny & Buckle, 1, 429-30; Jane Ridley, 217.

17. Longford, Victoria, 82-3.

18. RAQVJ, 28 June 1838.

Chapter 10. THE HASTINGS AFFAIR

1. RAQVJ, 13 December 1838.

2. Ibid., 28 June 1838.

3. Hudson, 151.

4. RAQVJ, 2 February 1839.

5. RAQVJ, 2 February 1829; Ziegler, Melbourne, 271; Chariot, 129; Longford, Victoria, 97.

6. Greville, iv, 134.

7. Lady Flora Hastings's statement, Morning Post, 14 September 1839, quoted in Chariot; Longford, Victoria, 95.

8. Sir James Clark's statement, The Times 6 October 1839, quoted in Chariot, 129, 131.

9. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 166; Chariot, 130.

10. RA Z486/2, 17 February 1839.

11. Ibid.; Lady Flora Hastings's statement, Morning Post, 14 September 1839.

12. RA Z486/1, Certificate of Dr Clarke and Dr Clark.

13. RAQVJ, 19 September 1839.

14. RAQVJ, 7 June 1839.

15. RAQVJ, 23 February 1839.

16. Lady Flora Hastings's statement, Morning Post, 14 September 1839.

17. Morning Post, 14 September 1839: Lord Hastings to Lord Melbourne; Chariot, 133-4.

18. Morning Post, 14 September 1839, letter from Lady Flora Hastings to Hamilton Fitzgerald, 8 March 1839.

19. Morning Post, 14-18 September 1839.

20. RAQVJ, 16 April 1839.

21. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 104.

22. RAQVJ, 27 June 1839.

23. Ibid., 1 July 1839.

24. RA MP/115/141, 29 April 1839.

25. RAQVJ, 10 July; 22 September 1839.

Chapter 11. 'A PLEASANT LIFE'

1. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 63.

2. RA LP, 23 October 1837.

3. Creevey, 649.

4. St Aubyn, Royal George, 23.

5. RAQVJ, 10 May 1838.

6. Frampton, 403.

7. Greville, iv, 56.

8. RA LP, 7 October 1837.

9. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 77.

10. RAQVJ, 22 August 1837.

11. RAQVJ, 29 August 1837; 3 October 1837.

12. Benson and Esher, i, 104, 27 June 1837.

13. RA LP, 29 June 1837.

14. Ilchester, 170.

15. Mitchell, 235.

16. Quoted in Hibbert, Wellington, 352.

17. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 119.

18. Mitchell, 238.

19. Ibid.

Chapter 12 : 'A HEADSTRONG GIRL'

1. Hudson, 81.

2. Ibid., 133.

3. RA M7/68.

4. RA Z483/3, 25 May 1839.

5. Greville, iv, 198-9; Hudson, 162.

6. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 86.

7. RAQVJ, 22 March 1839.

8. RAQVJ, 7 May 1839.

9. Ibid.

10. RAQVJ, 7 May 1839.

11. RAQVJ, 8 May 1839.

12. Cecil, Lord M., 328.

13. Chariot, 143.

14. Ibid.

15. RAQVJ, 9 May 1839.

16. Ibid.

17. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 112.

18. Woodham-Smith, 174; Longford, Victoria, 112; Greville, iv, 200-203; Weintraub, Victoria, 121-3.

19. RAQVJ, 9 May 1839.

20. Ibid.

21. RAQVJ, 10 May 1839.

22. Greville, iv, 169-70.

23. Stockmar, i, 230.

Chapter 13. GERMAN COUSINS

1. Watchman, 4 May 1828, quoted by Chariot, 75.

2. Benson and Esher, i, 60-61.

3. RA Y88/11, 17 May 1836; Hudson, 116.

4. Rhodes James, Albert, Prince Consort, passim; Bennett, King Without a Crown; Weintraub, Albert, passim.

5. Grey, Early Years, 200.

6. Tooley, 205.

7. Stockmar, ii, 7.

8. RA LP, 24 May 1836.

9. Hough, Victoria and Albert, 123.

10. RA 88/15, 7 June 1836.

11. Jagow, 13.

12. RAQVJ, 25 May 1839.

13. Longford, Victoria, 75, 86; RAQVJ, 22 March, 12 April, 28 May 1839.

14. RAQVJ, 15-18 April; 24 June 1839.

15. Wyndham, 292.

16. Benson and Esher, i, 177, 15 July 1839.

17. Stockmar, ii, 2.

18. Benson and Esher, i, 186, l October 1839.

19. RAQVJ, 23 September 1839.

20. Cecil, 334.

Chapter 14. PRINCE ALBERT

1. RAQVJ, 11-14 October 1839.

2. Mitchell, 244.

3. RAQVJ, 14 October 1839.

4. RAQVJ, 15 October 1839.

5. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 131-2.

6. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 134.

7. Benson and Esher, i, 198.

8. RAQVJ, 14 November 1839.

9. Jagow, 26.

10. Ibid., 30.

11. Quoted in Weintraub, Albert, 85.

Chapter 15. THE BRIDEGROOM

1. Greville iv, 218; RAQVJ, 23 November 1839.

2. Croker, ii, 359.

3. Woodham-Smith, 201.

4. David, 116.

5. Woodham-Smith, 202.

6. The Times, 10 February 1840, quoted in Chariot, 171.

7. Quoted in Chariot, 171.

8. Longford, Victoria, 137-8; Chariot, 175.

9. Jagow, 58.

10. Martin, i, 58.

11. Greville, iv, 244.

12. Benson and Esher, i, 199.

13. Jagow, 37.

14. Greville, iv, 236.

15. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 199.

16. Russell, 26.

17. Greville, iv, 244.

18. Jagow, 37.

19. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 200.

20. Jagow, 41.

21. Benson and Esher, 199-200, 206; Longford, Victoria, 138-9.

22. RAQVJ, 7-8 February 1840.

23. Woodham-Smith, 202.

24. Longford, Victoria, 139-40; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 142-3.

25. RAQVJ, 9 February 1840.

Chapter 16. HONEYMOON

1. CH, 63, 10 February 1840, i, 217.

2. Tooley, 118.

3. Lorne, 120.

4. Ibid.

5. Hough, Victoria and Albert, 68-9.

6. Greville, iv, 239-40.

7. Private Life, 120.

8. RAQVJ, 10 February 1840.

9. Ibid.

10. Greville, iv, 240.

11. RAQVJ, 10-12 February 1840.

12. RAQVJ, 10 February 1840.

13. RAQVJ, 11 February 1840.

14. Ibid.

15. Benson and Esher, i, 217,11 February 1840.

16. Greville, iv, 240-41.

17. Benson and Esher, i, 213.

18. Greville, iv, 241.

19. Woodham-Smith, 206-7.

20. Private Life, 83; Bloomfield, i, 130.

21. RAQVJ, 10 November 1839.

22. Benson and Esher, i, 199.

23. RA Y54/4, 28 May 1840.

24. RA Y54/8, 15 August 1840.

25. Chariot, 190.

26. Grey, Early Years, 319.

27. Bolitho, Victoria, 74.

28. Princess Lieven, Une vie d'ambassadrice au siecle dernier, 1903, 285, quoted in Chariot, 188.

29. Fulford, Prince Consort, 276.

30. Longford, Victoria, 145-6; Greville v, 49-50, 77-9, 124.

31. Chariot, 224.

32. RAQVJ, 28 February 1840.

Chapter 17. ROBERT PEEL

1. RA LP, 4 June 1840.

2. RA LP, 15 June 1840.

3. Longford, 'Queen Victoria's Doctors'.

4. Hibbert, Wellington, 355.

5. Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, 21.

6. Woodham-Smith, 216.

7. Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, 30.

8. RA George Anson's Memorandum, 28 May 1840.

9. Fulford, Beloved Mama, 172; Pakula, 27; Longford, Victoria, 153.

10. Fulford, Beloved Mama, 172; Pakula, 28.

11. RA Y90/11, 5 January 1841; Benson and Esher, i, 255.

12. Grey, Early Years, 246; Chariot, 196-7.

13. Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, 34.

14. Theodore Martin, ii, 297.

15. Ibid., i, 113.

16. RA Y54/3.

17. Greville, iv, 413, 414.

18. RAQVJ, 28 August 1841.

19. Greville, iv, 409; Mitchell, 247.

20. Greville, iv, 407-8.

21. RA Y54/66-71.

22. Woodham-Smith, 223.

23. Greville, iv, 412-5.

Chapter 18. THE PRINCE AND THE HOUSEHOLD

1. RA Y54/100, 26 December 1841.

2. Ames, 15-17.

3. Watson, passim.

4. Stockmar, ii, 118-26.

5. Frederick Ponsonby, Recollections, 18.

6. Tooley, 137-8.

7. Records of the Lord Chamberlain's Department, quoted in Watson, 238.

8. Ibid., 49.

9. Jerrold, 185.

10. Jerrold, 219; David Duff, Albert and Victoria, 214.

11. Jerrold, 220.

12. Tooley, 146.

13. Watson, 234.

14. G. T. Curtis, lames Buchanan, quoted in E. S. Turner, 326-7.

15. Jerrold, 253.

16. Ibid.

17. Erskine (Stanley correspondence), 176.

18. Greville, iv, 108.

19. Kennedy, 131.

20. Ibid., 32.

21. G. O. Trevelyan, Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay, 548-9.

22. Edwin Hodder, ed., The Life and Work of the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, i, 236.

23. Greville, iv, 383.

24. Lytcelton, 389.

25. Frederick Ponsonby, 50.

26. Ibid., 51.

27. Greville, iv, 383.

28. Fulford, Dearest Child, 69. 29. RA Y203/78; RA Z491.

30. RAQVJ, 3 August 1843.

31. Fulford, Prince Consort, 242.

32. Lyttelton, 307. 33. Ibid., 357.

34. Ibid., 354.

35. RA Z491.

Chapter 19. ROYAL QUARRELS

1. Gerald Wellington, Wellington and his Friends, 139-40.

2. Ramsay, Rough Recollections, i, 66.

3. Lady Burghclere, A Great Man's Friendship: Letters of the Duke of Wellington to Mary Marchioness of Salisbury, 197; Muriel Wellesley, Wellington in Civil Life, 306.

4. Jagow, 72; Pakula, 29.

5. Fulford, Dearest Child, 78.

6. RAQVJ, 2 December 1841.

7. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 226.

8. RAQVJ, 2 December 1841.

9. RA Add. U2/2, 16 January 1842.

10. Ibid.

11. RA Add. U2/4, 18 January 1842.

12. Ibid.

13. RA Add. U2/5, 19 January 1842.

14. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 231.

15. RA Add. U2/7, 19 January 1842.

16. RA M12/1; RA Y54/100; RA M12/16, 17; RA M12/23.

17. Lyttelton, 319-22; Pakula, 34-6.

18. Pakula, 39.

19. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 232.

20. RAQVJ, 24 September 1842.

21. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 173.

Chapter 20. OSBORNE

1. RAQVJ, 1 October 1842.

2. Fulford, Dearest Child, 111-2.

3. Pakula, 41; Fulford, Prince Consort, 95.

4. Lyttelton, 338-9.

5. RA Y91/38, 6 February 1844.

6. Theodore Martin, i, 202.

7. Ibid., i, 208.

8. RAQVJ, 4 February 1844.

9. Fulford, Dearest Child, 140-41, 213, 215, 271.

10. RA Add. 40, 439; Woodham-Smith, 269-71.

11. Musgrave, 243.

12. RAQVJ, 8 February 1845.

13. RAQVJ, 19 October 1843.

14. RA 91/35, 16 January 1844.

15. RA Vic Y 92/16; Benson and Esher, ii, 35.

16. Theodore Martin, i, 322-3.

17. York and Stoney, 26.

18. Greville, v, 229.

19. RA Vic Y 92/16; Theodore Martin, i, 248.

20. Benson and Esher, ii, 36.

21. RAQVJ, 30 July 1847.

22. BM Add. 40, 440, 22 June 1845, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 275.

23. RAQVJ, 22 March 1845.

24. York and Stoney, 29-32; Mark Girouard, The Victorian Country House, 1971, 13.

25. Lyttelton, 364-5; York and Stoney, 39.

26. Ibid.

27. RAQVJ, 18 July 1854; York and Stoney, 132.

28. RAQVJ, 6 July 1849.

Chapter 21. TRAVELLING

1. RAQVJ, 2 September 1843.

2. Ibid.

3. Surtees, 95-8.

4. RAQVJ, 3-5 September 1843.

5. Theodore Martin, i, 181.

6. Jean Duhamel, Louis-Philippe et la Premiere Entente Cordiale, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 243.

7. Surtees, 109.

8. Ibid., 115.

9. E. C. Gaskell, Life of Charlotte Bronte, 1857, ii, 240.

10. Surtees, 110.

11. Monkswell, 33; quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 335.

12. Gerald Wellington, Wellington and His Friends, 185.

13. Ibid., 197-8.

14. RAQVJ, 21 January 1845.

15. Ibid.

16. Hatfield House Papers, 8 October 1849, quoted in Hibbert, Wellington, 374.

17. Gerald Wellington, Wellington and His Friends, 198.

18. Greville, v, 146-8.

19. RAQVJ, 1 December 1843.

20. Greville, v, 148. 21. RAQVJ, 12 December 1843.

22. Greville, v, 198.

23. Ibid., iv, 192.

24. Ibid., v, 229-30.

25. RAQVJ, 20 August 1845.

26. Surtees, 163.

27. Greville, v, 229-30.

Chapter 22. BALMORAL

1. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 191.

2. Jagow, 81.

3. Surtees, 115.

4. Benson and Esher, ii, 24.

5. RA Y206; Longford, Victoria, 212-6.

6. Greville, vi, 185-7.

7. Lyttelton, 393.

8. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 201.

9. Fulford, Dearest Child, 139-40.

10. Victoria, Leaves, passim; Kerr, passim.

11. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 237.

12. Rhodes James, Rosebery, 66.

13. Lytton, 37.

14. Princess Alice, 77.

15. Private Life, 117.

16. Rhodes James, 67.

17. Blake, 493.

18. Henry Ponsonby, 116.

Chapter 23. THE PRINCE OF WALES

1. Lyttelton, quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, 5.

2. Ibid., 329; RA M13/46, 67, 68, 19-25 August, 29 September 1843.

3. RA 37/7, 10 December 1843; Longford, Victoria, 171-2.

4. RA M13/87, 18 August 1847.

5. Mitchell, 214.

6. RA M12/44.

7. RA M12/46.

8. Gibbs Papers, quoted in Magnus, King Edward VII, 7-8.

9. Lyttelton, 338.

10. George Combe's Reports, National Library of Scotland, MSS. 7437.

11. Magnus, King Edward VII, 6.

12. Surtees, 124.

13. Gibbs's Diary, quoted in Magnus, King Edward VII, 9.

14. Lincolnshire Papers, Bodleian MSS., quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, 16.

15. Quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, 16.

16. Ibid., 17.

17. York and Stoney, 108-10; Stoney and Weltzien, 33-4.

18. RA Add. A/25/168, 19 March 1866; Zeepvat, 45.

Chapter 24. PALMERSTON

1. Greville, iv, 207-8.

2. RAQVJ, 15 April 1845.

3. RAQVJ, 30 January 1845.

4. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 181.

5. RAQVJ, 24 January 1846.

6. Mitchell, 249.

7. RAQVJ, 1 October 1842.

8. Quoted in Bolitho, Albert the Good, 234.

9. Quoted in Chariot, 262.

10. Benson and Esher, ii, 64.

11. Jasper Ridley, 275-6.

12. Jasper Ridley, Brian Connell, Bourne, passim.

Chapter 25. CHARTISTS

1. R. G. Gamage, The History of the Chartist Movement (1894), quoted in Best, 187.

2. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 226.

3. CH 283, 30 October 1883.

4. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 197-8.

5. Hibbert, Wellington, 380.

6. Benson and Esher, ii, 166-7, 4 April 1848.

7. Greville, vi, 51-2.

8. Theodore Martin, ii, 106.

9. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 224-5.

Chapter 26. 'PAM IS OUT'

1. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 217.

2. RAQVJ, 2 November 1848.

3. RAQVJ, 22 January 1849.

4. RAQVJ, 16 May 1850.

5. Ashley, 211-27; Jasper Ridley, 386-7.

6. RA C9/46, 12 August 1850.

7. Theodore Martin, ii, 307.

8. Chariot, 322.

9. RA A79/58, 8 October 1850. 10. Spencer Walpole, ii, 133. 11. Benson and Esher, ii, 392-400; Jasper Ridley, 396-7.

12. Theodore Martin, ii, 412.

13. Jasper Ridley, 398-400.

14. Greville, vi, 315-16.

15. RAQVJ, 20 December 1851.

Chapter 27. THE GREAT EXHIBITION

1. Benson and Esher, ii, 317-8.

2. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 227.

3. The Times, 22 June 1851.

4. Hansard, vol. 112, 903, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 309.

5. Jagow, 176-7.

6. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 230.

7. Wellington Papers, Hartley Institute, 2 April 1851, quoted in Hibbert, Wellington, 383.

8. Hansard, vol. 112, 905, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 309.

9. RAQVJ, 18 February 1851.

10. RAQVJ, 1 May 1851.

11. Ibid.

12. Asa Briggs, Iron Bridge to Crystal Palace, 172.

13. RAQVJ, 1 May 1851.

14. Theodore Martin, ii, 383.

Chapter 28. 'SCENES'

1. Benson and Esher, i, 480.

2. RA Z140/9-18.

3. RAQVJ, 31 December 1855.

4. RA Y206, Sir James Clark's Diary, 5, 15 February 1856.

Chapter 29. CRIMEAN WAR

1. RA Z171/13, 12 February 1845.

2. RAQVJ, 3 May 1855.

3. RAQVJ, 20, 22 February 1855.

4. RAQVJ, 18 April 1855.

5. RAQVJ, 22 November 1854.

6. Bolitho, Further Letters, 51.

7. Ibid.

8. RAQVJ, 8 December 1854.

9. Theodore Martin, iii, 503.

10. Panmure Papers, quoted in Hibbert, Destruction of Lord Raglan, 299.

11. Ibid., 300.

12. David, 326.

13. Raglan Private Papers D (1) 225, quoted in Hibbert, Destruction of Lord Raglan, 270.

14. RA G21/65/166.

15. Panmure Papers, 13 February 1855, quoted in Hibbert, op.cit. 256.

16. Ibid., 16 February 1855, quoted in Hibbert, op.cit., 256.

17. Ibid., 24 June 1855, quoted in Hibbert, op.cit., 256.

18. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 241.

19. Hansard, 3rd series, 156.

20. Ibid.

21. Magnus, Gladstone, 119.

22. Weibe, vi, 405.

23. Pemberton, 30.

24. RAQVJ, 21 August 1856.

25. Jasper Ridley, 519-20; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 297.

Chapter 30. NAPOLEON III

1. RA J76/84, Prince Albert's memorandum, 12 September 1854.

2. RA Add. A19/37, 6 January 1853.

3. RA Add. A19/44, 20 January 1853.

4. RAQVJ, 16 April 1855.

5. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 299.

6. Quoted in Aronson, Heart of a Queen, 102.

7. Greville, vii, 154.

8. Pakula, 59.

9. RA 76/92, 1 September 1855.

10. RA Z63, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 358.

11. Longford, Victoria, 251.

12. RAQVJ, 19 April 1855.

13. RAQVJ, 76/92, 1 September 1855.

14. RAQVJ, 18 August 1855.

15. Benson and Esher, iii, 135-6.

16. St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 302.

17. Stoney and Weltzien, 17; Pakula, 57; Munich, 67; Weintraub, Victoria, 250-51.

18. CH, 133; Benson and Esher, iii, 136-8; Martin, iii, 321-38; RAQVJ, 18 August 1855; RAJ 76/92, 1 September 1855.

19. RAQVJ, 24 August 1855.

20. Greville, vii, 157.

21. Hibbert, Edward VII, 18.

22. Ibid. 23. Greville, vii, 158.

24. Aronson, Heart of a Queen, 108.

25. Pakula, 58.

Chapter 31. THE PRINCESS ROYAL

1. RA Add. A7/9; CH, 98, 29 September 1855.

2. Pakula, 65-6.

3. RAQVJ, 28 September 1855.

4. The Times, 3 October 1855; Chariot, 378-9; Pakula, 58.

5. Punch, September 1855 quoted in Chariot, 378.

6. RA Add. A7/9;CH, 98.

7. Ibid.

8. St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 270.

9. Leaves From the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, 10 September 1855.

10. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 303.

11. RAQVJ, 15 January 1858; Kurtz, 105-6.

12. Malmesbury, i, 392-3.

13. Edmond Fitzmaurice, Life of Lord Granville, i, 288.

14. Jasper Ridley, 482.

15. RAQVJ, 25 January-2 February 1858.

16. Ibid.

17. RAQVJ, 25 January-2 February 1858.

18. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 270.

19. Pakula, 78.

20. Chariot, 385.

21. Fulford, Dearest Child, 31-2, 5 February 1858.

22. Theodore Martin, iv, 169.

23. Fulford, Dearest Child, 45,15 February 1858.

24. Pakula, 69-70.

25. RAQVJ, 7 January 1856; Pakula, 71.

26. Fulford, Dearest Child, 1-5; Thompson, 146.

27. Fulford, Dearest Child, 89.

28. Ibid., 56.

29. Ibid., 213.

30. Ibid., 195-6 and passim.

Chapter 32. INDIAN MUTINY

1. Hibbert, Great Mutiny, 59-90.

2. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 306.

3. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 280.

4. Hibbert, op. cit. 166.

5. Ibid., 165.

6. Ibid., 167.

7. Surtees, 232.

8. Theodore Martin, iv, 284.

9. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 386.

10. Greville, vii, 175.

11. RAQVJ, 4 December 1855.

12. Greville, vii, 175.

13. Steuart Erskine, 303.

14. Theodore Martin, iv, 275.

15. St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 304; Longford, Victoria, 279.

16. St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 305.

Chapter 33. THE GERMAN GRANDSON

1. Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, 177; Woodham-Smith, 375-7.

2. RA Z140, 1 October 1856.

3. Fulford, Dearest Child, 109, 29 May 1858.

4. Ibid., 115, 15 June 1858.

5. Ibid., 123, 21 July 1858.

6. Ibid., 24 July 1858.

7. Ibid., 131, 135, 21 September 1858, 5 October, 1858.

8. Ibid., 134, 27 September 1858; 139, 18 October 1858.

9. Quoted in Hough, Advice to a Grand-daughter, 126.

10. Pakula, 113-14.

11. Ibid., 114.

12. Ibid., 117.

13. Ibid., 124-6.

14. Fulford, Dearest Child, 159, 29 January 1859.

15. RA Z7/87, 28 February 1859; RA Z7/96, 12 March 1859.

16. Fulford, Dearest Child, 159.

17. Quoted in Woodham-Smith, 398.

18. Fulford, Dearest Child.

19. Quoted in Woodham-Smith.

20. RAQVJ, 25-7 September 1860.

21. Ibid., 1 October i860.

22. Memoirs of Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 402; Weintraub, Albert, 393.

23. Ibid., Weintraub, Albert, 394.

24. Theodore Martin, iv, 225.

25. Ibid., iv, 259.

26. Ibid., iv, 274.

27. Fulford, Dearest Child, 310, 14 February 1861. 28. Theodore Martin, v, 274-5.

29. Fulford, Dearest Child, 308, 16 February 1861.

30. Ibid., 354, 1 October 1861.

Chapter 34. DEATH OF THE DUCHESS

1. Chariot, 87-92.

2. RA Z484/41, 2 March 1854.

3. RA Z484/32, 3 March 1854.

4. RAQVJ, 13 October 1850.

5. RAQVJ, 8 October 1849.

6. RA 95/20, 9 July 1850.

7. CH 90, 17 September 1852; Benson and Esher, ii, 394, 402; Chariot, 342.

8. RAQVJ, 15 March 1861.

9. Theodore Martin, v, 315.

10. RAQVJ, 9 April 1861.

11. Fulford, Dearest Child, 319, 300.

12. Kennedy, My Dear Duchess, 141.

13. RAQVJ, 24 March 1861; Benson and Esher, iii, 435-9.

14. Magnus, King Edward VII, 44.

Chapter 35. THE DISAPPOINTING HEIR

1. Fulford, Dearest Child, 174.

2. Ibid., 73.

3. Ibid., 147, 245; Hibbert, Edward VII, 25.

4. Fulford, Dearest Child, 109.

5. Corti, 54.

6. Ibid., 50.

7. Ibid., 51.

8. RA Add. U/32.

9. Corti, 59.

10. Theodore Martin, v, 87.

11. Corti, 63; Magnus, King Edward VII, 41.

12. Fulford, Dearest Child, 279.

13. RA Y107/12, 26 August 1861.

14. RA Z, 11/18, 6 April 1861.

15. Fulford, Dearest Child, 342.

16. Corti, 68, Magnus, King Edward VII, 46; Pakula, 143-5.

17. RA Add. MSS. A3/69.

18. RAQVJ, 30 September 1861.

19. Corti, 72.

20. Quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, 45.

21. Magnus, King Edward VII, 50.

22. RA Z141/94.

23. RA Z141/95.

24. Corti, 72.

Chapter 36. DEATH OF THE PRINCE

1. Fulford, Dearest Child, 369-70, 27 November 1861.

2. RA Z140/62 undated.

3. RAQVJ, 3 December 1861.

4. Palmerston Papers, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 424.

5. RAQVJ, 6 December 1861.

6. Ibid., 7 December 1861.

7. Ibid., 8 December 1861.

8. Palmerston Papers, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 426-7.

9. RA Z142, 11 December 1861; Longford, Victoria, 298.

10. RAQVJ, 11 December 1861.

11. RA Add. U55, 19 December 1861.

12. Ibid.

13. RA Z142, 14 December 1861.

14. Ibid.

15. Letters of Lady Augusta Stanley, 291.

16. RA Z142, 14 December 1861.

17. McClintock, 46-7.

Chapter 37. THE GRIEVING WIDOW

1. RA Add. U 303/17, 16 January 1862.

2. RA Add. U 302/21, 11 March 1862.

3. Mallet, 4, 32.

4. Watson, 156.

5. Quoted in Weintraub, Victoria, 309.

6. Private Life, 66.

7. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 308.

8. Letters to the Duchess of Manchester, quoted in Weintraub, Victoria, 316.

9. Gardiner, 108; Letters to the Duchess of Manchester, quoted in Weintraub, 314.

10. Frogmore House and the Royal Mausoleum, 40-42.

11. Palmerston Papers, 15 December 1861, quoted in Woodham-Smith, 430.

12. Letters to the Duchess of Manchester, 183.

13. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 307.

14. Letters to the Duchess of Manchester, 186, 14 March 1862.

15. Pakula, 159.

16. Ibid., 160.

17. Corti, i, 82.

18. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 18 December 1862, 24.

19. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 331.

20. Ibid., 332.

21. Quoted in Weintraub, Victoria, 334. 22. Letters to the Duchess of Manchester, 12 March 1862, 191.

23. Hughenden Papers, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 313.

24. Quoted in Weintraub, Victoria, 334.

Chapter 38. SEANCES AND SERVICES

1. Fulford, Dearest Child, 7 October 1861, 356.

2. Princess Marie Louise, 57.

3. RA GV AA20/64, quoted in Wheeler-Bennett, 7.

4. Wheeler-Bennett, 8.

5. Martin, ii, 339-40.

6. Hough, Advice to a Grand-daughter, 76.

7. Lytton, 114.

8. Fulford, Your Dear Letter, 141.

9. Dorothy Thompson, 47, 124.

10. Portland, Men, Women and Things, 1937, 125.

11. RA Z264/2, 19 October 1873.

12. Leaves from the Journal, 29 October 1854.

13. Ibid., 14 October 1855.

Chapter 39. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA

1. RA Vic Add. MSS. A 22/71, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 308.

2. RA Vic Add. MSS. U 16.

3. CH, 161, 15 January 1862.

4. Corti, 81, 27 December 1861.

5. Quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, 50.

6. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 105-6.

7. Letters to the Duchess of Manchester, 183.

8. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 315.

9. RAQVJ, 18 September 1862.

10. CH, 162, 24 January 1862.

11. Quoted in Battiscombe, 36.

12. Ibid., 40-42.

13. CH, 172, 7 March 1863.

14. Ibid., 9 March 1863.

15. RAQVJ, 24 February, 9 March, 10 March, 1863.

16. Quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, 62.

17. Battiscombe, 50; Longford, Victoria, 316; Magnus, Edward VII, 67-8; Monypenny and Buckle, ii, 119-21.

18. RAQVJ, 28 February 1863.

19. Ibid., 10 March 1863.

20. Quoted in Weintraub, Victoria, 320-21.

21. Quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, 76.

22. Ibid.

23. Weintraub, Victoria, 327.

Chapter 40. THE RECLUSE

1. Munby, 90.

2. Grey Papers, Durham, 25 January 1863, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 16-17.

3. Ibid., 4 September 1863, 8, 26 May 1868, 32.

4. Arthur Ponsonby, 73-4.

5. Ponsonby Letters, quoted in Longford, Victoria RI, 386.

6. Ibid., 387.

7. Munby, 249.

8. Grey Papers, 17 December 1863, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 21.

9. Ibid., 4 September 1866, 22.

10. Ibid., 22 May 1868, 31

11. Disraeli, MSS, Bodleian, BXIX/A752, 22 May 1868, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 32.

12. Letters, 2nd series, i, 218-19, 15 June 1864.

13. CH, 186-7, 8 December 1864; 192-3, 22 January 1866.

14. Quoted in Weintraub, 333.

15. Quoted in Longford, Victoria RI, 348.

16. CH, 192, 22 January 1866.

17. Munby, 218.

18. RAQVJ, 6 February 1866; Letters, 2nd series, i, 296.

19. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 371.

20. CH, 197, 5 February 1867.

Chapter 41. DISRAELI

1. CH, 179, 12 November 1863.

2. Frederick Ponsonby, 58.

3. CH, 191, 25 October 1865.

4. Monypenny and Buckle, iv, 394; Blake, 431.

5. Blake, 487.

6. Ibid., 490.

7. CH, 90, 1 April 1852; Blake, 490-91.

8. Letters, 2nd series, i, 505, 26 February 1868; Blake, 491.

9. Monypenny and Buckle, vi, 453.

10. Sir H. Maxwell, Life and Letters of... Fourth Earl of Clarendon, ii, 346.

11. Blake, 491.

12. Quoted in Gardiner, 120.

13. Blake, 493. 14. Monypenny and Buckle, v, 339.

15. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 383.

16. Quoted in Weintraub, 448.

Chapter 42. JOHN BROWN

1. Munby, 239.

2. Arthur Ponsonby, 127-9.

3. Bell, ii, 31.

4. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 327.

5. Vincent, 47-8.

6. CH, 150, 21 October 1861.

7. McClintock, 33.

8. Quoted in Weintraub, 399.

9. CH, 188, 5 April 1865.

10. Ibid., 187, 24 February 1865.

11. RA Vic Add. MSS, A22/112, 26 December 1866.

12. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 459.

13. Arthur Ponsonby, 126-7.

14. Quoted in Rose, Kings, Queens and Courtiers, 87.

15. Arthur Ponsonby, 127.

16. Ibid., 126.

17. Ibid.

18. Ribblesdale, 126.

19. Arthur Ponsonby, 124-6.

20. Ibid., 122

21. Ibid., 128.

22. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 353

23. RA C3/57-8.

24. McClintock, 182.

25. Leaves from the Journal, note to entry for 16 September 1850.

26. Elizabeth Longford, Introduction to Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, Folio Society, 1973, 19.

27. Baillie and Bolitho, Letters of Lady Augusta Stanley, 72.

28. CH, 192, 23 December 1865.

29. Magnus, Edward VII, 178.

Chapter 43. 'THE ROYALTY QUESTION'

1. Dilke Papers, quoted in Jenkins, Sir Charles Dilke, 145.

2. Hibbert, Edward VII, 108.

3. Arthur Ponsonby, 70.

4. Ibid., 211.

5. Reid, 162.

6. Arthur Ponsonby, 74.

7. CH, 193, 22 January 1866.

8. Arthur Ponsonby, 72.

9. Magnus, Gladstone, 212.

10. Quoted in Thompson, 204.

11. Ibid., 206.

12. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 344.

13. CH, 315n.

14. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 374.

Chapter 44. 'THE PRINCELY PAUPER'

1. RAQVJ, 29 March 1871.

2. RA Add. A1/16.

3. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 342.

4. RAQVJ, 18 October 1871; CH, 226.

5. Letters, 2nd series, ii, 157, 160-61; RAQVJ, 18 September 1871.

6. The Times, quoted in Bolitho, Victoria, 241.

Chapter 45. TYPHOID FEVER

1. RAQVJ, 7 July 1867.

2. Macclesfield Papers, quoted in Battiscombe, 114-18.

3. Brett, i, 300.

4. Macclesfield Papers, quoted in Battiscombe, 116.

5. RA. Add A30/366, 10 January 1872.

6. RAQVJ, 29 November-31 December 1871; CH, 213-5, 29 November 1871-23 December 1871.

7. Arthur Ponsonby, 99-100; St Aubyn, Royal George, 162-3.

8. Arthur Ponsonby, 98.

9. RAQVJ, 14 December 1871.

10. CH, 215, 14 February 1872.

11. RAQVJ, 27 February 1872; Brett, i, 119-20; Longford, Victoria, 390; Jenkins, Gladstone, 348.

12. CH, 216; RAQVJ, 27 February 1872.

13. Longford, Victoria, 391.

14. Letters, 2nd series, 445-6.

15. Benson, Victoria, 232.

16. Quoted in Weintraub, 354.

17. Watson, 218.

18. Watson, 221-3; Rose, 52-3; Augustus Hare, In My Solitary Life, new edition, London, 1973, 229.

19. Hare, 52.

20. Arthur Ponsonby, Sidelights, 122, 128; Benson, Victoria, 226; Bolitho, Victoria, 245; Watson, 223; Letters, 2nd series, ii, 258-61.

Chapter 46. MAIDS-OF-HONOUR

1. Fulford, Victoria, 134.

2. Bell, 77.

3. Mallet, 4.

4. Reid, 176.

5. Ibid., 182-3.

6. 27 August 1899, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 572.

7. Reid, 188.

8. Ibid., 186.

9. Mallet, 44-5.

10. Guedalla, i, 227-9.

11. Martin, Victoria, 70.

12. Fulford, Victoria, 132.

13. Longford, Victoria, 567.

Chapter 47. SECRETARIES AND MINISTERS

1. Viscount Mersey, A Picture of Life, 1872-1940, 1941, 359.

2. Frederick Ponsonby, 16-17.

3. Arthur Ponsonby, 87.

4. Baron von Eckardstein, Ten Years at the Court of St James's, 1921, 43.

5. Ibid., 44.

6. Fulford, Victoria, 78.

7. Arthur Ponsonby, passim.

8. Quoted in Weintraub, 570.

9. Henry Ponsonby, 57-8. 10. Ibid., 60.

11. Reid, 44.

12. John Wilson, C.B. A Life of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, 132-3.

13. Ibid., 133-5.

14. Quoted in Reid, 33.

Chapter 48. REGINA ET IMPERATRIX

1. Arthur Ponsonby, 244, 245.

2. Rhodes James, 64.

3. Ponsonby Letters, 27 January 1873 quoted in Longford, Victoria, 404.

4. Blake, 562-3.

5. Monypenny and Buckle, v, 827; Blake, 582-7.

6. Letters, 2nd series, ii, 28 September 1876.

7. Blake, 607.

8. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 410, 19 June 1877.

9. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 28.

10. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 411.

11. Ibid., 412.

12. Hibbert, Disraeli and His World, 106.

13. Blake, 613.

14. Ibid., 646.

15. Monypenny and Buckle, 632.

16. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 415.

17. Blake, 649; Monypenny & Buckle, vi, 332; Longford, Victoria, 414.

18. Letters, 2nd series, iii, 37-8, 28 July 1879.

19. Ibid., 3rd series, i, 615, 12 June 1890.

20. Ibid., 2nd series, iii, 646, 17 May 1885.

Chapter 49. 'THE HALF-MAD FIREBRAND'

1. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 78.

2. Arthur Ponsonby, 184.

3. Monypenny and Buckle, vi, 538-9; Jenkins, Gladstone, 438-9; Longford, Victoria, 434; Morley, ii, 234-6; Fulford, Dearest Mama, 75; Henry Ponsonby, 187-9.

4. Letters, 2nd series, iii, 143, 20 September 1880; Blake, 716; Monypenny and Buckle, vi, 527.

5. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 445.

6. Letters, 2nd series, iii, 181.

7. Blake, 747.

8. Ibid., 748.

9. Ibid., 750.

10. Longford, Victoria, 463.

11. Quoted in Weintraub, 458.

12. CH, 284, 9 February 1884.

13. CH, 289, 5 February 1885.

14. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 456.

15. Ibid., 455.

16. Letters, 2nd series, iii, 594-5, 24 January 1885; St Aubyn, Royal George, 222-3.

17. Letters, 2nd series, iii, 619, 28 May 1885.

18. Letters, 2nd series, iii, 662, 11 June, 1885.

19. CH, 292-3.

20. Lady Geraldine Somerset, quoted in St Aubyn, Royal George, 228.

21. Arthur Ponsonby, 206.

22. Letters, 3rd series, i, 34, l February 1836.

23. Ramm, 28.

24. Letters, 3rd series, i, 119-24.

25. Viscount Milner, My Picture Gallery 1886-1901, quoted by Kenneth Rose in The Later Cecils, 13.

26. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 492.

27. Ibid., 518.

28. Letters, 3rd series, ii, 145; CH, 323, 15 August 1892.

29. Brett, i, 161.

30. Letters, 3rd series, ii, 119 et seq.

31. Jenkins, Gladstone, 589.

32. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 531.

33. Quoted in St Aubyn, Royal George, 301.

34. CH, 326-7, 28 February and 3 March 1894; Jenkins, Gladstone, 616-8.

35. Letters, 3rd series, ii, 370-71; RAQVJ, 3 May 1894.

36. Letters, 3rd series, ii, 404, 8 June 1894; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 515-18; Rhodes James, 336, 353; CH, 378, 11 March 1894.

37. Hibbert, Edward VII, 148.

38. Ramm, 215.

39. Ibid., 550.

40. CH, 337, 28 May 1898; Brett, i, 217.

41. Ponsonby Letters, 19 April 1875 quoted in Longford, Victoria.

42. Morley, ii, 764.

43. Magnus, Gladstone, 425.

Chapter 50. GOLDEN JUBILEE

1. CH, 309, 31 December 1887.

2. Salisbury Papers, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 499.

3. RAQVJ, 21, 22, 29 June 1887; CH, 305-7.

4. Lady Geraldine Somerset, quoted in St Aubyn, Royal George, 232.

5. Battiscombe, 174.

6. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 489.

7. Longford, Victoria, 501.

8. St Aubyn, Royal George, 234.

9. Rohl, 676.

10. RA Z66/69 2 June 1887.

11. Rohl, 678.

12. Ibid., 679.

13. Ibid., 680.

14. Ibid., 681.

Chapter 51. DIE ENGLANDERIN

1. Pakula, 445; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 490.

2. Pakula, 436.

3. RA Z66/75.

4. RA Z66/76; Rohl, 659.

5. Rohl, 664.

6. Ibid.

7. Rohl, 690.

8. RA Z38/87, 15 November 1887; Rohl, 692-3.

9. Pakula, 458.

10. Ibid., 462; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 528.

11. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 60.

12. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 505; Pakula, 463.

13. Ramm, 64.

14. Reid, 99.

15. Pakula, 482.

16. Ibid.

17. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 41.

18. Pakula, 483.

19. RAQVJ, 26 April 1888.

20. Corti, i, 302.

21. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 533.

22. Ibid.

23. CH, 312.

24. Buckle, iii, 168-9.

25. RA Z41/49, 19 May 1888.

26. Pakula, 490.

27. Rohl, 679.

28. Ibid., 824.

29. RA Z44/33.

30. Quoted in Weintraub, 505.

Chapter 52. THE DAUGHTERS

1. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 281.

2. RA Y104/13, 19 April 1859.

3. Fulford, Dearest Child, 287-8.

4. Hough, Advice to a Grand-daughter, 29.

5. RAQVJ, 1 July 1862; CH, 166, 2 July 1862.

6. Quoted in Rose, 147.

7. John van der Kiste, Queen Victoria's Children.

8. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 412-13.

9. Ibid., 413.

10. Letters, 2nd series, i, 633, 29 November 1869.

11. Ponsonby Letters, 8 October 1870, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 368.

12. Ibid., 382.

13. Mallet, 40, 50, 216.

14. Reid, 102.

Chapter 53. THE SONS

1. Fulford, Dearest Child, 131, 236, 243.

2. RA C64/77. August 1874; RA Add. A 3/101, 22 November 1867.

3. RA Add. A 25/388, 22 November 1873; Stoney and Weltzien, 44.

4. CH, 205, 8 July, 5 August 1868.

5. RA 527/129-30.

6. McClintock, 25-6.

7. Fulford, Dearest Child, 146.

8. McClintock, 15, 25, 41, 52, 113, 220-21, passim.

9. RAQVJ, 3 February 1878.

10. Augusta Stanley Letters, 84-5.

11. Ponsonby Letters, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 569.

12. RA Y101/35, 26 August 1856.

13. Fulford, Dearest Child, 164, 2 March 1859.

14. Ibid., 208, 2 September 1859.

15. Quoted in Zeepvat, 8.

16. RA Y104/26, 26 August 1856.

17. RA Y199/334, 3 January 1860.

18. McClintock, 48.

19. RAQVJ, 15 April 1866.

20. RA Add. A/25/179, 8 July 1866.

21. Zeepvat, 51.

22. Ibid.

23. Fulford, Your Dear Letter, 184.

24. RA Add. A/30/336, 3 September 1868.

25. RA Add. A 30/15, 4 July 1870.

26. Zeepvat, 72.

27. Ibid., 81.

28. RA Z264/43, 4 June 1875.

29. Zeepvat, 114.

30. Ibid., 122.

31. Ibid, 150.

32. Ibid, 156-7.

33. CH 271, 18 November 1881; CH 273, 27 April 1882.

34. RAQVJ, 21 February 1882.

35. Fulford, Beloved Mama, 17.

36. CH, 285.

37. Zeepvat, 189.

38. Lady Augusta Stanley Letters, 146.

39. Ibid., 206.

40. RA Y206, Clark Diary, 5 February 1856.

41. RAQVJ, 29 April 1857.

42. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 419.

43. CH, 234, 20 October 1873.

44. Pope-Hennessy, 218.

45. Henry Ponsonby, 119.

46. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 176, 177, 186.

47. Ibid., 144.

48. CH, 246, 25 July 1877.

49. RAQVJ, 23 July 1885.

50. Quoted in Weintraub, 475.

51. Quoted in Longford, Victoria, 518.

Chapter 54. THE GRANDCHILDREN

1. Mallet, 57, 100.

2. Bell, 90.

3. Mallet, 96.

4. Battiscombe, 122-3.

5. Windsor, A King's Story, 10.

6. Wheeler-Bennett, 19.

7. St Aubyn, 579.

8. Olsen, 359.

9. CH, 280; St Aubyn, 478.

10. Marie Louise, 19.

11. Private Life, 85-6.

12. Queen Victoria at Windsor and Balmoral; Letters from her Grand-daughter, James Pope-Hennessy, London, 1959, passim.

Chapter 55. WOULD-BE ASSASSINS

1. RAQVJ, 2 March 1882.

2. Ibid; CH, 272.

3. RA Prince Albert's Memorandum; RAQVJ, 2 March 1882.

4. RA Prince Albert's Memorandum.

5. Chariot, 221-3; Woodham-Smith, 212-3.

6. Forster, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 109.

7. Baroness Bunsen, ed. Memoirs of Baron Bunsen, ii, 16, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 170.

8. CH, 69-70; Chariot, 222; Longford, Victoria, 169-70.

9. Benson and Esher, Letters, ii, 220.

10. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 164.

11. RAQVJ, 2 September 1850.

12. Woodham-Smith, 310; Longford, Victoria, 193; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 164.

13. RAQVJ, 14 October 1867.

14. Ibid., 23 November 1867.

15. RAQVJ, 29 February 1872; Buckle, Letters, ii, iii, 198.

16. RAQVJ, 29 February 1872; CH, 227.

17. Longford, Victoria, 390.

18. Fulford, Beloved Mama, 116.

Chapter 56. HOLIDAYS ABROAD

1. Lytton, 75; Duff, Victoria Travels, passim.

2. Grey Papers, Durham, 5 February 1863, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 17-18.

3. Grey Papers, Durham, 29 August 1865, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 20.

4. Grey Papers, Durham, 28 August 1865, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 19.

5. RAQVJ, 4 August 1867.

6. RA Add. A25/204, 27-28 August 1867.

7. RAQVJ, 22 June 1868.

8. Quoted in Arengo-Jones, 48.

9. Ibid., 42.

10. RAQVJ, 5 August 1868.

11. Derby Papers, Liverpool, Diary 6 August 1868, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 54.

12. Ibid., 2 July 1868, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 44, 66.

13. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 35; Hough, Advice to a Grand-daughter, 35; Arengo-Jones, passim.

14. Arthur Ponsonby, 284.

15. RA Add. A 36/28 quoted in Arengo-Jones, 74.

16. Longford, Victoria, 459-60.

17. RA Add. A/36/28, quoted in Arengo-Jones, 74.

18. Arthur Ponsonby, 285-6.

19. Harold Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, entry for 2 February 1942.

20. Ramm, 65-7, 100.

21. Paget, Embassies of Other Days, 204.

22. Fulford, Beloved Mama, 56.

23. Arthur Ponsonby, 285.

24. Mallet, 41-54.

25. RAQVJ, 13 April 1898.

26. RAQVJ, 27 April 1899.

27. RAQVJ, 5 November 1847.

28. Buckle, Letters, 2nd series, iii, 162.

29. St Aubyn, Royal George, 45.

30. Frederick Ponsonby, Recollections, 63.

31. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 556.

32. Bolitho, Victoria, 356.

Chapter 57. DEATH OF BROWN

1. Reid, 51-2.

2. Ibid., 52.

3. Ibid., 54.

4. Zeepvat, 177.

5. Hough, Advice to a Grand-daughter, 146; Fulford, Beloved Mama, 135-7; CH, 280-81; Hough, 45-6; Longford, Victoria, 452-3; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 420-24; Weintraub, 340-41; The Court Historian, vol. iii, 2 July 1998, 65.

6. Arthur Ponsonby, 146-7; RA Vic. Add. MSS. A12/903, A12/904.

7. Reid, 58-9; Bell, 207-8.

8. RA Z266/13, 2 January 1884.

9. Quoted in St Aubyn, Royal George, 265. 10. Magnus, King Edward VII, 178.

Chapter 58. THE MUNSHI

1. RAQVJ, 23 June 1887.

2. Reid, 128-9.

3. Arthur Ponsonby, 131.

4. Quoted in Anand, 18.

5. Warner, 198-9.

6. Anand, 21.

7. Ibid, 22.

8. Arthur Ponsonby, 131.

9. CH, Queen to Henry Ponsonby, 12 September 1887.

10. Salisbury Papers, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 540.

11. Quoted in E. F. Benson, Victoria, 345.

12. India Office Records, MSS, Eur. F84/ 126A, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 538.

13. Arthur Ponsonby, 131-2; Anand, 50; CH, 328.

14. Frederick Ponsonby, Recollections, 13-15.

15. Ramm, 176.

16. Reid, 139.

17. India Office Records Eur. F84/126B, quoted in Anand, 54.

18. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 56.

19. Quoted in Anand, 92.

20. RA U/104/20, quoted in Anand, 96.

21. Frederick Ponsonby, Recollections, 15.

22. Reid, 154.

Chapter 59. DIAMOND JUBILEE

1. RAQVJ, 23 September 1896.

2. CH, 333, 22 March 1896.

3. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 575.

4. Ibid., 576.

5. Maylunas and Mironenko, A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra, 78, 204.

6. Reid, 124.

7. Lytton, 127. 8. Reid, 125.

9. RAQVJ, 23 September 1896.

10. Ibid., 20, 21, 22 June 1897.

11. Monkswell, 202.

12. Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 547.

13. Frederick Ponsonby, 75-6.

14. Cecil, Life of Marquis of Salisbury, iii, 191.

15. Brett, 1, 214.

Chapter 60. LIFE AT COURT

1. Frederick Ponsonby, 11-25.

2. Ibid, 36-8.

3. Ibid.

4. Quoted in Weintraub, 602.

5. Henry Ponsonby, 119.

6. Reid, 158-9.

7. Mallet, xiii.

Chapter 61. DINNER PARTIES

1. Lytton, 22.

2. Ribblesdale, 118.

3. Private Life, 228-9.

4. Ibid., 139-40.

5. Aga Khan, 46-7.

6. Private Life, 140-42.

7. Ribblesdale, 119-20.

8. Mallet, 34.

9. Ibid., 37.

10. Aga Khan, 47.

11. Mallet, passim.

12. Reid, 177.

13. Musgrave, 213.

14. Reid, 116.

15. Private Life, 88-9.

16. Arthur Ponsonby, 82-3.

17. CH, 324, 18 March 1893.

18. RAQVJ, 24 May 1899.

19. Ibid., 26 November 1891.

20. Pope-Hennessy, 217.

21. RAQVJ, 9 September 1872.

22. Ibid., 11 October 1890.

23. Henry Ponsonby, 393.

24. Ponsonby Letters, quoted in Longford, Victoria, 420.

25. Mallet, 148.

26. Brett, i, 692.

27. Ibid., i, 672.

28. Frederick Ponsonby, 25.

29. Lytton, 22.

Chapter 62. BOOKS

1. Frederick Ponsonby, 51-2.

2. Holland, 183.

3. CH, 22, 36, 39-40, 116, 188, 265.

4. Mallet, 94-5.

5. Fulford, Dearest Mama, 177.

6. Ibid., 142, 173.

7. D.N.B. entry by Elizabeth Lee.

8. Mallet, 97, 142, 158, 173.

Chapter 63. BOOKMEN

1. CH, 218.

2. Ibid., 163, 218.

3. Richard Ellman, Oscar Wilde, 1987, 172.

4. Edgar Johnson, Dickens, 1953, i, 292-4.

5. Ibid., i, 624, 646, 733-5, 872-4, 1,000; ii, 1, 146-7; Peter Ackroyd, Dickens, 1,066.

Chapter 64. FAILING HEALTH

1. Quoted in Pope-Hennessy, 225.

2. St Aubyn, Royal George, 299.

3. Ibid., 208.

4. Pope-Hennessy, 198.

5. Mallet, 211, 212, 213.

6. Reid, 195, 196-8.

7. Ibid., 197-8.

8. Monkswell, 68-9.

9. Mallet, 197.

10. Ibid., 207.

11. CH, 347-8; RAQVJ, 17 September 1900, 1 January 1901.

12. Ramm, 258.

Chapter 65. DEATH

1. Reid, 201.

2. Bell, 353-4.

3. Reid, 209-12; Longford, Victoria, 559-62; St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 593-7; Weintraub, 629-36.

4. Reid, 213.

Chapter 66. FUNERAL AND BURIAL

1. Reid, 119.

2. Mallet, 50.

3. Ibid., 52, 123. 4. Reid, 60-61.

5. Ibid.

6. RAQVJ, 6 March 1873.

7. Lytton, 203.

8. Monkswell, 80-81.

9. Dalton Papers, J. C. Dalton's Reminiscences, quoted in J. G. Fergusson, Hounds are Home, 162.

10. Frederick Ponsonby, 89.

11. Ibid., 91; Olivia Bland, The Royal Way of Death, 203.

12. Brett, i, 282.

13. Bell, 357.

14. Brett, i, 282.

15. Leon Edel, The Life of Henry James, 1972, iii, 425-7.