10 Hot Air

'I believe you!'

It was a moment before he recognized Stefi: a velvet pill-box hat, glistening wet, was pulled down almost to her eyes, a Doctor Who scarf was wrapped around her neck and she was wearing a knee-length coat and leather boots. She was holding two large suitcases, and her eyes were shining with enthusiasm. 'I knew there was something about you.'

'Come in, Stefi.' Findhorn looked quickly up and down the street but could see nothing out of the ordinary.

'I won't be a problem. I'll keep totally out of your way.'

'Okay. Maybe I'll get to sample those shish kebabs.'

Beyond the marble Eve, on a landing as large as the Dundee Street flat, a hippopotamus peered at them through reeds. A zebra was drinking on the other wall. Unseen by it, a crocodile watched quietly, its eyes just above the water. The crocodiles on the ceiling, however, had wings and were flying in formation. The African watering-hole motif surrounding them was broken by six pastel-coloured doors. 'I'll take Dougie's room,' said Findhorn, opening a blue door. He heard Stefi Stefanova give a squeal of delight as she opened the pink door next to him. Romella took the green room across the landing.

Findhorn had a shower in a vast blue bathroom and wondered if Stefi's helpfulness would extend to buying him some underwear. When he emerged, wrapped in a bath towel, Romella was sitting on his bed with the papers in front of her, neatly sorted by years.

'Stefi's nipped out for some late-night shopping. I've left the front door unlocked if that's okay. I thought we might carry on.'

'Excellent.'

She riffled through a sheaf of the papers. 'I can't make out forty-one. It's hopeless.' Romella dropped the photocopy of the water-stained diary onto the floor. 'Before we start, what are you looking for?'

'I wish I knew. Maybe some new scientific process.' Side by side on the single bed, leaning against the ornate Mexican-imported headboard, Findhorn was enjoying the warmth of her forearm.

She picked up 1942. 'Why all this macho Arctic explorer stuff? What do you actually do?'

Findhorn looked at his new companion, and decided she was genuinely curious.

'I go out to my ice station and measure things. Cloud cover, wind patterns near the ground, most of all the way the pack ice moves.'

'Why? For weather forecasting?'

'I just do stuff like that to finance my research. What I'm really about is testing a theory.'

'So what's the great theory?'

'I think we're heading for a catastrophe.'

'A catastrophe,' she repeated tonelessly.

'Romella, I have a confession to make. I'm not a polar explorer, I'm a mathematician. My field is instability in complicated systems.'

She laughed in surprise. 'Well, I'm gobsmacked. What's a mathematician doing at the north pole?'

'Because of something I discovered. On paper.'

'Tell me about it,' she encouraged him.

'Did you know that sea level has risen by ten centimetres in the last century? Half of that comes from melting icebergs, the other half from warming oceans.'

'Fred, I know lots of things, but not that.'

'Ten centimetres isn't a catastrophe, but fifteen metres is and I think that's where we're headed. I think that big hunks of Antarctica are about to break off. Especially the West Antarctic ice shelf, which reaches hundreds of kilometres out to sea. It's sitting on the ocean bed, barely holding onto the continent. Now a little warming to lubricate its contact with the rock and off it goes, an iceberg half the size of Britain drifting into the Pacific and melting.'

She was looking at him thoughtfully. He continued, 'Every city round the ocean rims would end up like Venice. Los Angeles would disappear, New York City would be reduced to a handful of islands and London would turn into a big lake with buildings sticking out of it. All the major financial centres except Zurich would go, and every harbour in the world would be flooded. And the map-makers would have to redraw their atlases. Can you imagine the economic chaos?'

'So why aren't you in the Antarctic drilling holes?' 'Because I think the first signs will appear around the north pole, not the south.' 'How come?'

'The way I think it will go is this. When pack ice cracks it opens up a lead — a long channel of open water. This sea water is at about minus two degrees as against minus thirty-five for the air. So heat pours out from the lead, warming the ice around it. Okay, as things are at the moment the lead will slowly freeze over again. But with global warming under way there will come a point where the leads which open up are too big to be closed again by refreezing. They'll melt more ice, creating more leads and so melting even more ice — et cetera. The ocean will suddenly dump its heat into the ice. The Arctic ice cap will just crack up and disappear.'

'The polar cap will disappear? Suddenly?' Findhorn nodded. 'Suddenly. But that's just the trigger. The rise in sea level will add buoyancy to the West Antarctic shelf which will just lift off and float away, adding to the mayhem. Cities, islands, countries will be submerged all around the world's ocean rims. And with all that water vapour in the air, even the Greenland ice cap will start to melt. Big hunks of the planet will become hotter than the Sahara. That's why, even if you live in Jamaica or Tokyo, you should still care about the Arctic. We're all wired up together.'

'And you're out there, a lone pioneer trying to save the world. Can't you get government support or something?'

'Unfortunately my funding application was sent to Mickey Mouse, alias Sir David Milton, and that was that.'

Somebody was running up the stairs. Findhorn started.

Romella said, 'Relax, it's just Stefi. You're serious about being hunted, aren't you? Do you think this mad theory of yours has anything to do with Norsk asking you to collect the diaries?'

'I don't see any connection. Petrosian was a different sort of mad scientist.'

Stefi appeared at the bedroom door, holding a plastic bag. She looked at them and grinned slyly. Romella gave her a look and said, 'But what's it actually like, working out there? Disappearing into Arctic wastes with no TV, no fish and chips?'

'And no girls?' Stefi added.

'Imagine being inside a deep freeze day after day, sometimes with a howling wind. It can be so cold you want to weep. But there are compensations. When you fly in you see this tiny cluster of huts next to a ship and all around it is this huge expanse of ice, with long open cracks of sea water. You see these big blocks of ice, all weird sculptures and aquamarine blue. You feel as if you're on solid ground but you know you're on a skin of ice only a metre thick and the water under it goes down for two miles. Sometimes in the night you can hear the ice cracking. I've seen a hut disappear overnight. I've walked two hundred yards to starboard from an icebreaker, worked in a hut for a couple of hours, and come out to see the ship fifty yards away, aimed right at me. There's nothing like it. It's like being an explorer on another planet.'

'It sounds dangerous. All those blizzards and cracks in the ice.'

'The polar bears are the big problem. They're wonderful killing machines. They're clever, and they're especially dangerous when they're hungry.'

'Talking of which,' Stefi said. She waved the plastic bag and disappeared.

Romella flicked through the copy of the 1942 diary. 'There's some gobbledegook in here. Maybe you can make sense of it.'

Petrosian's diary, Wednesday, 28 July 1942

Our much-promised, and badly needed, long weekend.

Collected Kitty early. A joy to see her so happy. She was wearing a long green skirt and a sweater, and the Indian ear-rings I gave her. Loaded up the wagon with camping gear, but about half the car taken up with her easels and canvasses and other painting stuff. Guess what she'll be doing.

Took off eight a.m. and headed west. It was interesting to see the cacti getting smaller as we got higher and then the trees starting to appear and get bigger. Spent a couple of hours in the Petrified Forest and then on to Flagstaff. Nice town, clear air after the furnace heat of Los Alamos. Lots of pine trees around. Found a picnic place and devoured salad sandwiches and lemonade. Sky blue, air warm, and impossible to believe there's a war on. Then turned north and took a long straight road to the south rim of the Grand Canyon. It was dark by the time we got there.

Couldn't afford the restaurant prices in Grand Canyon village so decided we'd have a barbecue, which would be more fun anyway. Went to local store and bought hickory chips, charcoal, matches, firelighter, barbecue skewers, tin plates, mugs, coffee, sugar, milk, two bottles of red wine, T-bone steaks, barbecue sauces, cutlery, salt, pepper and chillies. Worked out twice as expensive as a dinner but who cares! Had a super time. Tried my party trick (reciting π to thirty decimal places). Kitty made me keep repeating it as the wine bottle went down. Think I passed the test.

Then the funny phone call. It makes me wonder how the hell they found me because I didn't know myself we were even going to be in Arizona, never mind the Grand Canyon, south rim. Went back to the store for toiletries and the phone was ringing as I entered. The storekeeper says are you Mister Miller — my code name when I travel — and I say yes. Unbelievable!! It's Oppie. Wants me to go to some lakeside cabin near a place called Escanaba, which apparently is on Lake Michigan. Over a thousand miles away. Wants me there tomorrow as a matter of 'supreme urgency'. I tell him I'm drunk and I'm here with Kitty, but he says dump her and make it anyway.

Got lost on the way back to the tent and wandered around the forest in the dark with visions of dropping into the canyon. Furious row. She can't believe I didn't phone in. Asked her if she'd run me to Flagstaff in the morning and could I borrow the train fare and she nearly hit me.

Thursday, 29 July 1942

I'll remember this day as long as I live.

I slept in the wagon, Kitty took the tent. I love Kitty to distraction and it hurts to have us quarrel. I can't blame her but at the same time can't tell her about the project.

Woke up about six. A racoon was heading for the remains of our barbecue, stopping to go up on its hind legs now and then. Ran off when I went to waken Kitty. Packed up, then zero conversation all the way to Flagstaff. Asked her to stay until Saturday and I'd try to get back and we'd still get our weekend but she took off the earrings and said, 'Give them to your Lake Michigan broad.' Felt sick.

Got to the cottage, which it turns out is being rented by Arthur Compton, also on holiday. We took a car down to a quiet beach overlooking the lake, and there I listened to Oppie's story.

Teller has been calculating the temperature build-up in the fission reaction. He finds that the heat will ignite the atmosphere and maybe even the oceans.

Arthur and Oppie both devastated. Compton says it's better to accept Nazi slavery than take the slightest chance that atom bombs could explode the air or the sea. The gadget must never be made.

Friday, 30 July 1942

Exhausted, having worked overnight on Teller's calculations. He thinks a deuterium/nitrogen reaction will take place and, the air being eighty per cent nitrogen, that we have a massive problem:

C12(H,γ)N13

N13(β)C13

C13(H,γ)N14

N14(H,γ)O15

015(β)N15

N15(H, He4)C12

So at fission temperatures two hydrogens combine with carbon to give a burst of gamma rays, the atmospheric nitrogen combines with the hydrogen in water vapour to create oxygen 15 and more gamma radiation, carrying a thumping great 7.4 Mev of energy. The O15 isotope is unstable and beta-decays to heavy nitrogen N15 in 82 seconds. A neutrino carries the energy from this clean out of the Galaxy so we forget it. But then the heavy nitrogen so created interacts with more hydrogen. It disintegrates back to ordinary carbon, creating helium and a hefty 5 Mev. It's as if the Earth's atmosphere has been created just waiting for the nuclear match. The bottleneck is the long reaction time for combining two hydrogen atoms with a carbon one. The fireball would cool down too fast to pull it off. But Teller has a trick up his sleeve. He says the two hydrogens are already there in the atmosphere's water: about one hydrogen atom in ten thousand is deuterium.

I suspect he's wrong. If my overnight sums are right the nuclear reaction rates need one hundred million degrees to be self-sustaining. I doubt if an atom bomb will yield more than fifty million degrees. So we're maybe on the right side of hell. Nice ethical dilemmas: (i) do we have the right to risk humanity on the correctness of our calculations? (ii) with a safety margin of only two, and given a straight choice, should we take a chance on burning the world or submit to Nazi slavery?

Mentally and physically worn out. But I can't complain. Nobody's shooting bullets at me.

Saturday, 31 July 1942

Refined the calculations with the help of better cross-sections. Chance now about three in a million. Compton says this is acceptable. Oppie asked who are we to decide on behalf of humanity what's an acceptable risk. I suggest we stick a notice in the local newspaper asking the public for their opinion. They don't think that's funny.

Flew back to Flagstaff on borrowed money, in desperation borrowed a pick-up from an incredibly kind woodcutter and hammered it all the way to the Grand Canyon. Kitty gone.

'What do you make of that?' Romella asked, rubbing her forearm. 'I'm freezing.'

'An irate girlfriend, and a near-miss on vaporizing the planet. Just another weekend.'

'This formula…' Romella asked.

'I haven't a clue.'

'If you say so.'

'If the sums had gone the other way…' Findhorn said. 'What's that?' He pointed to a smudged scribble.

She tilted the page and screwed up her nose in concentration. 'It says HMS Daring.'

'What has that got to do with anything?'

Romella shrugged. 'How would I know? It's probably nothing.'

'I agree. Probably nothing. Forget it.'

* * *

'Standard stuff, Freddie. Teller was discovering what's called the carbon-nitrogen cycle. It's what fuels hot stars, hotter than the Sun. But nothing on Earth can approach that sort of temperature.'

It was three o'clock in the morning and they were using oblique language. Archie had said it didn't matter as he was working anyway, and Findhorn didn't believe him even slightly.

Just a chat between friends.

About nuclear physics.

At three o'clock in the morning.

Nothing unusual about that. No eavesdropper would even notice.

Could Petrosian have discovered some way of getting the necessary temperature, of locking into this cycle to create a powerful new bomb? The question came out as: 'Not even, say, a nuclear fireball?'

'Not even a nuke.'

'It's another red herring, then?'

'Extremely red. But keep digging, laddie. This gets more intriguing by the minute.'

Findhorn switched off the bedside lamp and flaked out.

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