Слепая физиология. Удивительная книга про зрение и слух - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Сьюзан Р. Барри (ч. notes)

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1

R. L. Gregory and J. G. Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness: A Case Study, Monograph No. 2 (Cambridge, UK: Experimental Psychology Society, 1963).

2

O. Sacks, “To See and Not See,” in An Anthropologist on Mars: Seven Paradoxical Tales (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995).

3

B. Biderman, Wired for Sound: A Journey into Hearing (Toronto: Journey into Hearing Press, 2016), 26.

4

S. R. Barry, Fixing My Gaze: A Scientist’s Journey into Seeing in Three Dimensions (New York: Basic Books, 2009).

5

I. Biederman et al., “On the Information Extracted from a Glance at a Scene,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 103 (1974): 597–600.

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A. Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness: The Problems and Behavior Patterns of Visual Rehabilitation (New York: American Federation for the Blind, 1971), 39.

7

A. S. Bregman, Auditory Scene Analysis: The Perceptual Organization of Sound (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990).

8

Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness, 9.

9

D. Wright, Deafness: An Autobiography (New York: Harper Perennial, 1993), 14.

10

Biderman, Wired for Sound; H. Lane, The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community (New York: Knopf, 1992).

11

R. Latta, “Notes on a Case of Successful Operation for Congenital Cataract in an Adult,” British Journal of Psychology 1 (1904): 135–150.

12

Gregory and Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness.

13

Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness.

14

M. von Senden, Space and Sight: The Perception of Space and Shape in the Congenitally Blind Before and After Operation (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1960).

15

Gregory and Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness.

16

J. M. Hull, Touching the Rock: An Experience of Blindness (New York: Pantheon Books, 1990), 94.

17

Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness, 12.

18

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19

Hull, Touching the Rock, 217.

20

E. J. Gibson and A. D. Pick, An Ecological Approach to Perceptual Learning and Development (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000); M. E. Arterberry and P. J. Kellman, Development of Perception in Infancy: The Cradle of Knowledge Revisited (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).

21

O. Sacks, The River of Consciousness (New York: Knopf, 2017), 183.

22

V. W. Tatler et al., “Yarbus, Eye Movements, and Vision,” i-Perception (2010): 7–27.

23

J. W. Henderson, “Gaze Control as Prediction,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21 (2017): 15–23.

24

Gibson and Pick, An Ecological Approach to Perceptual Learning and Development; Arterberry and Kellman, Development of Perception in Infancy; E. J. Gibson, “Perceptual Learning: Differentiation or Enrichment?” in An Odyssey in Learning and Perception (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991); P. J. Kellman and P. Garrigan, “Perceptual Learning and Human Expertise,” Physics of Life Reviews 6 (2009): 53–84.

25

A. Noë, Action in Perception (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005), 1.

26

Von Senden, Space and Sight.

27

Gregory and Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness, 37.

28

Sacks, “To See and Not See,” 132–134.

29

Von Senden, Space and Sight.

30

D. H. Hubel and T. N. Wiesel, Brain and Visual Perception: The Story of a 25-Year Collaboration (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).

31

Biderman, Wired for Sound.

32

Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness; von Senden, Space and Sight.

33

R. Kurson, Crashing Through. A True Story of Risk, Adventure, and the Man Who Dared to See (New York: Random House, 2007).

34

P. Sinha, “Once Blind and Now They See: Surgery in Blind Children from India Allows Them to See for the First Time and Reveals How Vision Works in the Brain,” Scientific American 309 (2013): 48–55.

35

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36

В США для проверки остроты зрения используется таблица Снеллена, состоящая из одиннадцати строк печатных латинских букв, размер которых меняется от строки к строке, часто используемая на территории России таблица Сивцева устроена аналогичным образом. E в таблице Снеллена – это буква самой верхней строки; если пациент может прочитать только ее, это соответствует остроте зрения 6/60 при выражении расстояний в метрах или приблизительно 0,1 в десятичной мере остроты зрения, принятой в России. – прим. перев.

37

N. Daw, Visual Development, 3rd ed. (New York: Springer, 2014).

38

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G. Jeffery, “The Retinal Pigment Epithelium as a Developmental Regulator of the Neural Retina,” Eye 12 (1998): 499–503.

40

Hendrickson, “Primate Foveal Development.”

41

См. также R. Latta, “Notes on a Case of Successful Operation for Congenital Cataract in an Adult,” British Journal of Psychology 1 (1904): 135–150.

42

Daw, Visual Development.

43

Daw, Visual Development; K. Apkarian, “Chiasmal Crossing Defects in Disorders of Binocular Vision,” Eye 10 (1996): 222–232.

44

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A. Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness: The Problems and Behavior Patterns of Visual Rehabilitation (New York: American Federation for the Blind, 1971); M. Von Senden, Space and Sight: The Perception of Space and Shape in the Congenitally Blind Before and After Operation (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1960).

53

R. Kurson, Crashing Through: A True Story of Risk, Adventure, and the Man Who Dared to See (New York: Random House, 2007).

54

S. Hocken, Emma and I: The Beautiful Labrador Who Saved My Life (London: Ebury Press, 2011).

55

R. L. Gregory and J. G. Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness: A Case Study, Monograph No. 2 (Cambridge, UK: Experimental Psychology Society, 1963); O. Sacks, “To See and Not See,” in An Anthropologist on Mars: Seven Paradoxical Tales (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995).

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59

Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness, 39.

60

Y. Ostrovsky et al., “Visual Parsing After Recovery from Blindness,” Psychological Science 20 (2009): 1484–1491; P. Sinha, “Once Blind and Now They See,” Scientific American 309 (2013): 48–55; R. Sikl et al., “Vision After 53 Years of Blindness,” i-Perception 4 (2013): 498–507.

61

Gregory and Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness; Sikl et al., “Vision After 53 Years of Blindness.”

62

Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness; T. Gandhi et al., “Immediate Susceptibility to Visual Illusions After Sight Onset,” Current Biology 25: (2015): R345–R361.

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Gregory and Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness.

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70

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71

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72

O. Sacks, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales (New York: Summit Books, 1985).

73

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74

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Daw, How Vision Works.

76

S. Hochstein and M. Ahissar, “View from the Top: Hierarchies and Reverse Hierarchies in the Visual System,” Neuron 36 (2002): 791–804.

77

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84

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R. L. Gregory and J. G. Wallace, Recovery from Early Blindness: A Case Study, Monograph No. 2 (Cambridge, UK: Experimental Psychology Society, 1963); R. Kurson, Crashing Through: A True Story of Risk, Adventure, and the Man Who Dared to See (New York: Random House, 2007); O. Sacks, “To See and Not See,” in An Anthropologist on Mars: Seven Paradoxical Tales (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995); A. Valvo, Sight Restoration After Long-Term Blindness: The Problems and Behavior Patterns of Visual Rehabilitation (New York: American Federation for the Blind, 1971); M. Von Senden, Space and Sight: The Perception of Space and Shape in the Congenitally Blind Before and After Operation (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1960).

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109

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110

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111

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112

O. Sacks, “To See and Not See,” in An Anthropologist on Mars: Seven Paradoxical Tales (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995).

113

R. Kurson, Crashing Through: A True Story of Risk, Adventure, and the Man Who Dared to See (New York: Random House, 2007).

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144

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145

Любопытно, что иллюзия Понцо обманула и пациентов проекта Пракаш всего через 48 часов после операции на удаление катаракты, которая подарила им зрение. Для них серые линии выглядели одинаковыми: as different sizes: T. Gandhi et al., “Immediate Susceptibility to Visual Illusions After Sight Onset,” Current Biology 25 (2015): R345–R361.

146

O. Sacks, “To See and Not See,” in An Anthropologist on Mars: Seven Paradoxical Tales (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), 120–121.

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Эта цитата приписывается Хелен Келлер, но ее источник точно не установлен. Впрочем, Келлер иногда высказывала похожую идею. Например, в книге Helen Keller in Scotland: A Personal Record Written by Herself, ed. James Kerr Love (London: Methuen & Co., 1933) она писала: «Проблемы глухоты намного глубже и сложнее, нежели проблемы слепоты, а может быть и важнее. Глухота – намного большее несчастье, ибо она означает потерю самого жизненно важного – звука голоса, который несет с собой речь, приводит нашу мысль в движение и помогает нам оставаться в интеллектуальном сообществе людей». См. “FAQ: Deaf People in History: Quotes by Helen Keller,” Gallaudet University, http://libguides.gallaudet.edu/c.php?g=773975&p=5552566.

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Майкл Хорост прекрасно описывает, как работает кохлеарный имплантат, в своей книге: Rebuilt: How Becoming Part Computer Made Me More Human (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2005).

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Другие люди, впервые получившие кохлеарный имплантат, также отмечали новые для них звуки – вой ветра, хруст чипсов или звуки, с которыми предметы падают на пол. B. Biderman, Wired for Sound: A Journey into Hearing, rev. ed. (Toronto: Journey into Hearing Press, 2016); A. Romoff, Hear Again: Back to Life with a Cochlear Implant (New York: League for the Hard of Hearing, 1999).

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