Становление Европы: Экспансия, колонизация, изменения в сфере культуры. 950 — 1350 гг.

1

Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius 3.19, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Reium italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), pp. 68–9

2

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 3, ed. and tr. Marjorie Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford, 1968 — 80), 2, p. 26.

3

Этот анализ средневековых католических епископств опирается на следующие документы: Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum ecclesiae catholicae (Regensburg, 1873); Conrad Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi О (1198–1431) (2nd ed., Munster, 1913), дополненные и исправленные в словарях: Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographie ecclesiastiques (21 vols, to date, Paris, 1912-); Lexicon fur Theologie und Kirche, ed. Josef Hofer and Karl Rahner (2nd ed., 11 vols.. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1957–67), а также карты и библиография в кн.: Atlas zur Kirchengeschichte, ed. Hubert Jedin et al. (2nd ed., Freiburg im Breisgau, 1987), различных национальных и региональные исследованиях, которые отчасти поименованы ниже.

Magdeburg: Diplomata Conradi I, Heinrici I et Ottonis I, ed. Theodor Sickel (MGH, Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae 1, Hanover, 1879–84), no. 366, pp. 502–3.

Общие труды по истории становления епископатов Восточной Европы включают: AP.Vlasto, The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom (Cambridge, 1970), chapter 3; Francis Dvomik, The Making of Central and Eastern Europe (London, 1949); о землях между Эльбой и Одером см.: Jiirgen Petersohn, Der südliche Ostseeraum im kirchlich-politischen Kraftespiel des Reichs, Polens und Danemarks vom 10. bis 13. Jahrhundert (Cologne and Vienna, 1979), part I, а также работы по истории отдельных епархий, напр.: Dietrich Claude, Geschichte des Erzbistums Magdeburg bis in das 12. Jahrhundert (2 vols., MF 67, Cologne, 1972–5); Fritz Curschmann, Die Diozese Brandenburg (Veroffentlichungen des Vereins fur Geschichte der Mark Brandenburg, Leipzig, 1906).

4

Vita Constantini 15, tr. Marvin Kantor and Richard S. White, The Vita of Constantine and the Vita of Methodius (Michigan Slavic Materials 13, Ann Arbor, 1976), p. 47.

5

Adam of Bremen: Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 3.77, ed. Werner Trillmich, in Quellen des 9. und Im. Jahrhunderts zur Geschichte der Hamburgischen Kirche und des Reiches (АО 11, Darmstadt, 1961), pp. 135–503, at pp. 428–30.

6

Pagan Uppsala: ibid. 4.26–7, ed. Trillmich, pp. 470–72.

7

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 4.7, ed. Pontieri, pp. 88–90; см.: Dieter Girgensohn, 'Dall'episcopate greco all'episcopato latino nell'Italia meridionale', in La chiesa greca in Italia dall'VIII al XVI secolo (3 vols., Italia sacra 20–22, Padua, 1973) 1, pp. 25–43.

8

Charles Homer Haskins, 'England and Sicily in the Twelfth Century', English Historical Review 26 (1911), pp. 433–47, 641–65, at p. 437.

9

Paul Freedman, The Diocese of Vic (New Brunswick, 1983), pp. 14–15.

О Реконкисте см.: Derek W. Lomax, The Reconguest of Spain (London, 1978); Charles J. Bishko, “The Spanish and Portuguese Reconguest, 1095–1492“, in Kenneth M. Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 1955–89) 3: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, ed. Harry W. Hazard, pp. 396–456; Angus MacKay, Spain in the Middle Ages: From Frontier to Empire, 1000–1500 (London, 1977), pp. 1–78; подробности истории отдельных епархий см.: Diccionario de historia eclesidstica de Espana, ed. Quintin Aldea Vaquero et al. (4 vols., Madrid, 1972–5).

10

Privilegios reales у viejos documentes de Toledo, ed. Juan Francisco Rivera Recio et al. (limited ed., Madrid, 1963), no. 1.

11

De expugnatione Lyxbonensi: The Conquest of Lisbon, ed. and tr. Charles W. David (New York, 1936), pp. 178–80 and n. 5.

12

Primera cronica general de Espana 1129, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal (2 vols., Madrid, 1955), 2, p. 769.

13

Об истории латинской церкви Восточного Средиземноморья см.: Bernard Hamilton, The Latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church (London, 1980); Hans Eberhard Mayer, Bistumer, Oldster und Stifte im Konigreich Jerusalem (MGH, Schriften 26, Stuttgart, 1977), part 1; Jean Richard, 'The Political and Ecclesiastical Organization of the Crusader States', in Kenneth M. Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 1955–89) 5: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East, ed. Norman P. Zacour and Harry W. Hazard, pp. 193–250; Giorgio Fedalto, La Chiesa Latina in Oriente (2nd ed., 3 vols., Verona, 1981); R.L. Wolff, 'The Organization of the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1204–1261', Traditio 6 (1948), pp. 33–60.

14

Об Афинской церкви см.: Innocent III, 14 July 1208, Sacrosancta Romana ecclesia, Po. 3456; Registrum sive epistolae 11.113, PL 214–16, at 215, col. 1433, см.: Jean Longnon, 'L'organisation de l'eglise d'Athenes par Innocent III, in Memorial Louis Petit: Melanges d'histoire et d'archeologie byzantines (Archives de Г Orient Chretien 1, Bucharest, 1948), pp. 336–46; Leo Santifaller, Beitrage zur Geschichte des Lateinischen Patriarchats von Konstantinopel (1204–1261) und der venezianischen Urkunden (Weimar, 1938), pp. 130–40; G.L.F. Tafel and G.M. Thomas (eds.), Urkunden zur alteren Handels und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig (3 vols., Fontes rerum Austriacarum II, 12–14, Vienna, 1856–7) 2, p. 101, no. 209.

15

О епархиях Прибалтики см.: Petersohn, Der siidliche Ostseeraum; R. Bartlett, 'The Conversion of a Pagan Society in the Middle Ages', History 70 (1985), pp. 185–201; Karl Jordan, Die Bistumsgriindungen Heinrichs des Lowen (MGH, Schriften 3, Leipzig, 1939); Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades (London, 1980).

16

Об Ордене меченосцев см.: Friedrich Benninghoven, Der Order der Schwertbrüder (Cologne and Graz, 1965). О Тевтонских рыцарях имеется обширная литература, одним из добротных последних исследований является: Hartmut Boockmann, Der Deutsche Orden (Munich, 1981).

17

Notker: Gesta Karoli 1.10, ed. Reinhold Rau, Quellen zur karolingischen Reichsgeschichte 3 (AQ7, Darmstadt, 1960), pp. 321–427, at pp. 334–6.

18

'Tota latinitas': Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 12.43, ed. Chibnall, 6, p. 364.

19

Об истории Ирландии XII–XIII веков см.: Robin Frame, Colonial Ireland 1169–1369 (Dublin, 1981); idem. The Political Development of the British Isles 1100–1400 (Oxford, 1990); Л J. Otway-Ruthven, A History of Medieval Ireland (2nd ed., London, 1980); R. Bartlett, 'Colonial Aristocracies of the Fligh Middle Ages', in Robert Bartlett and Angus MacKay (eds.). Medieval Frontier Societies (Oxford, 1989), pp. 23–47.

20

Vita sancti Malachiae 8.16, in J. Leclerq and H.M. Rochais (eds.). Opera 3 (Rome, 1963), pp. 295–378, at p. 325.

21

ibid. 8.17, ed. Leclerq and Rochais, p. 326; цит. из Библии: Осия 2:23.

22

Song of Dermot and the Earl, lines 431–5, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 34.

23

Walter Bower, Scotichronicon 12.27, ed. D.E.R. Watt, 6 (Aberdeen, 1991), p. 388 (Remonstrance of 1317–18).

24

Bernard, Vita sancti Malachiae 8.16, ed. Leclerq and Rochais, p. 325.

25

Цит. по кн.: Chanson de Roland, laisse 72, line 899, ed. F. Whitehead (Oxford, 1942), p. 27.

26

John of Salisbury, Letters, 1: The Early Letters (1153–61), ed. W.J. Millor, H.E. Butler and C.N.L. Brooke (London, etc., 1955), no. 87, p. 135.

27

Schlesisches UB, ed. Heinrich Appelt and Winfried Irgang (4 vols, to date, Graz, Cologne and Vienna, 1963-), 1, no. 11, pp. 8–9 (1143–5).

28

Philip of Novara (Philippe de Navarre), Les quatres ages de l'homme 1.16, ed. Marcel de Freville (Paris, 1888), p. 11.

29

О роде Жуанвилей см.: Henri-François Delaborde, Jean de Joinville et les seigneurs de Joinville (Paris, 1894)

30

Jean de Joinville, Histoire de Saint Louis XXXVI (167), ed. Natalis de Wailly (Paris, 1874), p. 92.

31

Calendar of the Gormanston Register, ed. James Mils and M.J. McEnery (Dublin, 1916), p. 182.

32

Joinville, Histoire, ed. de Wailly, p. 545.

33

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica, ed. and tr. Marjorie Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford, 1968–80), indices, s.v. 'Grandmesml'; генеалог, древо — ibid. 2, p. 370; Marjorie Chibnall, The World of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford, 1984), p. 227; Leon-Robert Menager, 'Inventaire des families normandes et franques emigrees en Italie meridional e et en Sicile (Xle-XIIe siècles)', in Roberto il Guiscard e il suo tempo (Fonti e studi del Corpus membranarum italicarum. Centre» di studi normanno-suevi. Universita degli studi di Bari, Rome, 1975), pp. 259–387, at pp. 316–18.

34

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 3, ed. Chibnall, 2, p. 94.

35

'Funambuli': Gesta Francorum 9.23, ed. and tr. Rosalind Hill (London, 1962), p. 56; Baudri de Bourgueil, Historia jerosolimitana, RHC, Occ. 4, pp. 1–111, at pp. 64–5.

36

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 8.3, ed. Chibnall, 4, pp. 138–40.

37

О Роберте Рудланском см.: Domesday Book, ed. Abraham Parley (2 vols., London, 1783), 1, fol. 269; map in H.C. Darby, Domesday England (Cambridge, 1977), p. 332, fig. Ill; Rees Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 30–31, 82–3; John Le Patourel, The Norman Empire (Oxford, 1976), pp. 62–3, 312–14.

38

О Сурдевалях см.: Domesday Book 1, fols. 298, 305–8, 373; Lewis C. Loyd, The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, ed. C.T. Clay and D. C. Douglas (Harleian Society Publications 103, 1951), p. 99; Menager, 'Inventaire des families normandes', p. 346; Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. Hubert Hall (3 vols., RS, 1896), 2, p. 602; Register of the Abbey of St Thomas Dublin, ed. John T. Gilbert (RS, 1889), nos.106, 349–50, pp. 92, 302–4.

39

Derek W. Lomax, The Reconquest of Spain (London, 1978),p. 62.

40

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica, 13.5, ed. Chibnall, 6, p. 404.

41

Reinhold Rohricht, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Kreuzzüge 2: Deutsche Pilger- und Kreuzfahrten nach dem heiligen Lande (700–1300) (Berlin, 1878), pp. 297–359.

42

Pommersches UB 1: 786–1253, ed. Klaus Conrad (2nd ed., Cologne and Vienna, 1970), nos. 213, 485, pp. 261–3, 579–80.

43

O. Eggert, Geschichte Pommems 1 (Hamburg, 1974), pp. 150–60, and also the bibliography cited there, pp. 263–4.

44

Schlesisches UB, ed. Heinrich Appelt and Winfried Irgang (4 vols, to date, Graz, Cologne and Vienna, 1963-), 2, no. 346, p. 208 (1248).

45

См.: Т.Е. McNeill, Anglo-Norman Ulster: The History and Archaeology of an Irish Barony 1177–1400 (Edinburgh, 1980), esp. chapter 1; Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans, 1169–1333 (4 vols., Oxford, 1911–20) 2, pp. 5–23, 114–18, 134–44; New History of Ireland 2: Medieval Ireland, 1169–1534, ed. Art Cosgrove (Oxford, 1987), pp. 114–16, 135.

46

См. также: R. Bartlett, 'Colonial Aristocracies of the High Middle Ages', in Robert Bartlett and Angus MacKay (eds.), Medieval Frontier Societies (Oxford, 1989), pp. 23–47, at pp. 31–41.

47

О кампании 1201 г. см.: Annals of Ulster (Annala Uladh), ed. and tr. William M. Hennessy and Bartholomew MacCarthy (4 vols., Dublin, 1887–1901), 2, pp. 235–7; ibid. 2, p. 229.

48

См.: William Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum, ed. John Caley et al. (6 vols, in 8, London, 1846), 6/2, p. 1125; Gearoid MacNiocaill, 'Cartae Dunenses XII–XIII Cead', Seanchus Ard Mhaca 5/2 (1970), pp. 418–28, at p. 420, nos. 4–5.

49

См.: William O'Sullivan, The Earliest Anglo-Irish Coinage (Dublin, 1964), pp. 1–5, 20–21; plate 1.

50

См.: Roger of Howden, Chronica, ed. William Stubbs (4 vols., RS, 1868–71), 4, pp. 176 and 25; cf. Jocelyn of Fumess, Vita sancti Patricii, Acta sanctorum Martii 2 (Antwerp, 1668), pp. 540–80, at p. 540, who refers to de Courcy as Ulidiae princeps.

51

См.: Eberhard Schmidt, Die Mark Brandenburg unter den Askanien (1134–1320) (MF 71, Cologne and Vienna, 1973); Johannes Schultze, Die Mark Brandenburg 1: Entstehung und Entwicklung unter den askanischen Markgrafen (bis 1319) (Berlin, 1961); Hermann Krabbo and Georg Winter, Regesten der Markgrafen von Brandenburg aus Askanischem Hause (Leipzig, Munich and Berlin, 1910–55).

52

О дате образования Марки Бранденбург см.: Schultze, Die Mark Brandenburg 1, p. 74.

53

Henry of Antwerp, Tractatus de captione urbis Brandenburg, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MGH, SS 25 (Hanover, 1880), pp. 482–4, at p. 484.

54

Cronica principum Saxonie, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MGH, SS 25 (Hanover, 1880), pp. 472–80, at p. 478.

55

О семье фон Веделей см.: Helga Cramer, 'Die Herren von Wedel im Lande fiber der Oder: Besitz und Herrschaftsbildung bis 1402', Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands 18 (1969), pp. 63–129; документ 1212 содержится в: Hamburgisches UB (4 vols, in 7, Hamburg, 1907–67) 1, no. 387, pp. 342–3. См. также документы, связанные с историей этой семьи, в: UB zur Geschichte des schlossgesessenen Geschlechts der Grafen und Herren von Wedel, ed. Heinrich Friedrich Paul von Wedel (4 vols, in 2, Leipzig, 1885–91).

56

См.: Pommersches UB 2 (Stettin, 1881–5, repr. Cologne and Graz, 1970), no. 891, pp. 218–19.

57

См.: UB... von Wedel 2/1, no. 3, p. 3 (1272), nos. 7–8, p. 6 (1281).

58

ibid. no. 113, pp. 65–6.

59

См.: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, ed. Adolph Friedrich Riedel (41 vols., Berlin, 1838–49), AXViII, pp. 151–3, no. 87 (1388); ibid, pp. 102–3, no. 5; ibid., pp. 111–12, no. 22; ibid., pp. 218–19, no. 9.

60

См.: Cramer, 'Die Herren von Wedel', p. 119: 'nahezu landesherrliche Stellung'.

61

О семье Монферрат см.: Leopoldo Usseglio, / marchesi di Monferrato in Italia ed in oriente durante i secoli XII e XIII, ed. Carlo Patracco (2 vols., Bibliotheca della societa storica subalpina 100–101, Turin, 1926).

62

См.: William of Tyre, Chronicle 21.12(13), ed. R.B.C. Huygens (2 vols.. Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 63–63Д Turnhout, 1986), 2, p. 978.

63

См.: Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr. Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 177 (Ibn al-Athi'r).

64

Peire Vidal: Poesie, ed. D'Arco Silvio A valle (2 vols., Milan and Naples, 1960), 2, pp. 159–61, no. 19 ('Per mielhs sofrir'), lines 49–50, at p. 161.

65

См.: Marcelin Defourneaux, Les Frangais en Espagne aux Xle et XIIe siècles (Paris, 1949), p. 197, n. 1; Bernard F. Reilly, The Kingdom of Leon-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1063–1109 (Princeton, 1988), pp. 194 and п., 254–5

66

См.: Robert of Clari, La conquête de Constantinople 106, ed. Philippe Lauer (Paris, 1924), p. 102.

67

Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius 1.11, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), p. 14. Цитата из Библии: см.: от Луки 6:38.

68

Amarus of Montecassino, Storia de Normanni 2.45, ed. Vincenzo de Bartholomaeis (Fonti per la storia d'ltalia 76, Rome, 1935), p. 112.

69

Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), p. 21.

70

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 3.37, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 749.

71

Livlandische Reimchronik, lines 612–18, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderborn, 1876), p. 15.

72

Цит. по кн.: Song of Dermot and the Earl, lines 431–6, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 34. (Имеется русское издание: Песнь о Роланде, М., 1974)

73

Цит. по кн.: Cantor de Mio Cid, line 1213, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal (rev. ed., 3 vols., Madrid, 1944–6), 3, p. 945. (Имеется русское издание: Песнь о моем Сиде, М., 1975.)

74

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.16, ed. Pontieri, p. 17.

75

Georges Duby, The Early Growth of the European Economy (Eng. tr., London, 1974), p. 51.

76

Тацит. Германия 13–14.

77

Цит. по кн.: Beowulf, lines 2490–93, ed. F. Klaeber (3rd ed., Boston, 1950), p. 94. (Имеется русское издание: Беовульф — в кн.: Б-ка всемирной л-ры, т. 9, М., 1975, с. 2490–94).

78

Bede, Epistola ad Ecgbertum episcopum, in Charles Plummer (ed.). Opera historica (2 vols., Oxford, 1896) 1, pp. 405–23, at pp. 414–17.

79

Dudo of Saint-Quentin, De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum 4.83, ed. Jules Lair, Memoires de la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie, 3rd ser., 3 (Caen, 1858–65), p. 238.

80

Sachsenspiegel, Lehnrecht, ed. Karl August Eckhardt (Germanenrechte, n.s.. Göttingen, 1956), passim.

81

Walther von der Vogelweide, Die Lieder, ed. Friedrich Maurer (Munich, 1972), no. 74/11, p. 232 ('Ich nan min lehen').

82

Le Patourel, The Norman Empire, p. 303.

83

ibid., p. 290.

84

О темпах вырождения европейских аристократических родов см.: Оснабрюк: Werner Hillebrand, Besitz- und Standesverhaltnisse des Osnabrticker Adels bis 1300 (Gottingen, 1962), p. 211; Айхштатт — Benjamin Arnold, German Knighthood 1050–1300 (Oxford, 1985), p. 180; Haмюруа — Leopold Genicot, L'economie rurale namuroise au Bos Moyen Age 2: Les hommes — la noblesse (Louvain, 1960), p. 140; Форез — Edouard Perroy, 'Social Mobility among the French Noblesse in the Later Middle Ages', Past and Present 21 (1962), pp. 25–38.

85

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.5, ed. Pontieri, p. 9.

86

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 3, ed. Chibnall, 2, p. 98.

87

Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana, RHC, Occ. 3, pp. 717–882, at p. 728.

88

См.: Jack Goody, The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (Cambridge, 1983), p. 44.

89

О структуре аристократического рода см.: Karl Schmid, 'Zur Problematik von Familie, Sippe und Geschlecht, Haus und Dinastie beim mittelalterlichen Ariel', Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 105 (1957), pp. 1–62; idem, 'The Structure of the Nobility in the Earlier Mddle Ages', in Timothy Reuter (ed.). The Medieval Nobility (Amsterdam, etc., 1978), pp. 37–59; Georges Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 59–80, at pp. 68–75; for an attempt to extend the model to England see James С. Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family in Early Medieval England', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 32 (1982), pp. 193–212; 33 (1983), pp. 193–220; 34 (1984), pp. 1–25; 35 (1985), pp. 1–28, esp. 32 (1982), pp. 199–200; Karl Leyser, “The German Aristocracy from the Ninth to the Early Twelfth Century: A Historical and Cultural Sketch', Past and Present 41 (1968), pp. 25–53, esp. pp. 32–6, Medieval Germany and its Neighbours (London, 1982), pp. 161–89, at pp. 168–72; Constance B. Bouchard, 'Family Structure and Family Consciousness among the Aristocracy in the Ninth to the Eleventh Centuries', Francia 14 (1987), pp. 639–58.

90

Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Erd in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980), title of chapter 1.

91

Prawer, Crusader Institutions, p. 24.

92

Glanvill, The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of England commonly called Glanvill, ed. and tr. G.D.H. Hall (London, 1965), p. 75.

93

Assise au comte Geffroy 1, ed. Marcel Planiol, La tres ancienne coutume de Bretagne (Rennes, 1896, repr. Paris and Geneva, 1984), pp. 319–25, at pp. 321–2.

94

См.: London, British Library, Add. MS 11283, fols. 21v — 22. Автор выражает благодарность Венди Дэвис за сверку этой цитаты.

95

См.: Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', p. 75; idem, “The Structure of Kinship and Nobility“, in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 134–48, at p. 148; idem. Early Growth of the European Economy, p. 171.

96

Lucien Musset, 'L'aristocratie normande au Xle siècle', in Philippe Contamine (ed.). La noblesse au Moyen Age (Paris, 1976), pp. 71–96, at p. 95.

97

См.: Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 32 (1982), p. 201.

98

Lorenz Weinrich (ed.), Quellen zur deutsche Verfassungs-.Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte bis 1250 (AQ 32, Darmstadt, 1977), no. 25, pp. 106–8.

99

См.: Graham Loud, 'How “Norman” was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy?', Nottingham Medieval Studies 25 (1981), pp. 13–34, at p. 26.

100

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), pp. 125–8.

101

Hans К. Schulze, Adelsherrschaft und Landesherrschaft: Studien zur Verfassungs- und Besitzgeschichte der Altmark, des ostsachsischen Raumes und des hannoverschen Wendlandes im hohen Mittelalter (MF 29, Cologne and Graz, 1963).

102

A.J. Otway-Ruthven, A History of Medieval Ireland (2nd ed., London, 1980), pp. 102–3; eadem, 'Knight Service in Ireland', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 89 (1959), pp. 1–15.

103

Song of Dermot, lines 3206–7, ed. Orpen, p. 232.

104

О размерах бенефициев в Ирландии см.: Otway-Ruthven, History of Medieval Ireland, p. 105.

105

О денежных бенефициях в крестоносных государствах см.: Joshua Prawer, 'Social Classes in the Latin Kingdom: The Franks', in Kenneth Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 1955–89) 5: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East, ed. Norman Zacour and Harry Hazard, pp. 117–92, at p. 135.

106

Frank Stenton, The First Century of English Feudalism 1066–1166 (2nd ed., Oxford, 1961), p. 166.

107

См. об этом: Англия и Нормандия — Thomas К. Keefe, Feudal Assessments and the Political Community under Henry II and His Sons (Berkeley, etc., 1983), pp. 42, 141; Шампань — Theodore Evergates, 'The Aristocracy of Champagne in the Mid-Thirteenth Century: A Quantitative Description', Journal of Interdisciplinary History 5 (1974–5), pp. 1–18; Иерусалим — Alan V. Murray, 'The Origins of the Frankish Nobility in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1118', Mediterranean Historical Review 4/2 (1989), pp. 281–300, at pp. 281–2; Jean Richard, 'Les listes des seigneuries dans le livre de Jean d'Ibelin', Revue historique de droit frangais et etranger 32 (1954), pp. 565–77.

108

AJ. Otway-Ruthven, 'Knights' Fees in Kildare, Leix and Offaly', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 91 (1961), pp. 163–81, at p. 164, n.10.

109

Catalogue baronum, ed. Evelyn Jamison (Fonti per la storia d'ltalia 101, Rome, 1972); see, in general, Claude Cahen, Le regime feodale d'ltalie normande (Paris, 1940).

110

L'estoire d'Eracles empereur et la congueste de la terre d'Outremer, RHC, Occ. 2, pp. 1–481, at pp. 188–90 (note); La continuation de Guillaume de Тут (1184–1197) 136, ed. Margaret R. Morgan (Documents relatifs a l'histoire des croisades 14, Paris, 1982), p. 139 (cf. also p. 138); Peter Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades 1191–1374 (Cambridge, 1991), chapter 3, 'Settlement'.

111

Barrow, Anglo-Norman Era, pp. 132, 44 and n. 59, 40, 62, 127.

112

Early Scottish Charters prior to 1153, ed. Archibald С Lawrie (Glasgow, 1905), no. 186, p. 150.

113

Gervase of Tilbury, Otia imperialia 2.10, ed. G.W. Leibnitz, Schptores rerum brunsvicensium illusi ratio ni inservientes (3 vols., Hanover, 1707–11) 1, pp. 881–1004; 2, pp. 751–84; at 1, p. 917, with better readings at 2, p. 772.

114

См.: К. Schunemann, Die Deutsche in Ungam bis zum 12. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1923), p. 130.

115

См.: (Contributions to a) Dictionary of the Irish language (Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 1913–76), s.v. Polish and Czech loan words: Perry Anderson, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism (London, 1974), p. 231.

116

См.: Cahen, Regime feodale, p. 47.

117

J.F.A. Mason, 'Roger de Montgomery and his Sons (1067–1102)', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 13 (1963), pp. 1–28, at pp. 6–12.

118

Murray, 'Origins of the Frankish Nobility', p. 293.

119

Erik Fügedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Konigreich Ungam als Gastland', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.). Die deutsche Ostsiedlung als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 471–507, at pp. 495–6.

120

См.: Robert I. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders: Colonial Survival in the Thirteenth-Century Kingdom of Valencia (Princeton, 1973), ос. Гл. 13.

121

См.: Barrow, Anglo-Norman Era, pp. 157–8.

122

См.: Fügedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Königreich Ungam', pp. 495–6.

123

См.: William Rees, South Wales and the March 1284–1415 (Oxford, 1924), pp. 145–7; Cahen, Regime feodale, pp. 38–9, 82–9; OtwayRuthven, 'Knight Service', pp. 14–15.

124

Amatus of Montecassino, Storia de' Normanni 1.42, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp. 53–4.

125

Bemhard Guttmann, 'Die Germanisierung der Slawen in der Mark', Forschungen zur brandenburgischen und preussischen Geschichte 9 (1897), pp. 39 (395) — 158 (514), at p. 70 (426).

126

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 3.37, ed. Hagenmeyer, p. 748.

127

Henri Bresc, 'Feodalite coloniale en terre d'Islam: La Sièile (1070–1240)', in Structures feodales et feodalisme dans l'Occident mediterraneen (XeXIIIe s.) (Paris, 1980), pp. 631–47, p. 640.

128

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Lurier, p. 165.

129

Об истории рода де Ласи см.: W.E. Wightman, The Lacy Family in England and Normandy 1066–1194 (Oxford, 1966).

130

Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change, p. 181.

131

См.: Bartlett, 'Colonial Aristocracies', pp. 38–40.

132

См.: Lacarra, nos. 354, 366.

133

Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Costilla en la epoca de Alfonso VIII (3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 3, no. 897, pp. 567–8.

134

См.: Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 121, pp. 448–50; Queden (Klein Queden) is the German Tiefenau and modem Polish Tychnowy.

135

Codex iuris Bohemici, ed. Hermenegild Jiricek (5 vols, in 12, Prague, 1867–98), 2/2, p. 114 (Majestas Carolina 7).

136

The Leiden Book of Maccabees is Leiden, University Library, MS Perizoni 17; репродукции см.: A. Merton, Die Buchmalerei in St. Gallen (Leipzig, 1912), plates LV — LVTI.

137

Frank Stenton et al,. The Bayeux Tapestry (London, 1957); см. также: Ibid, 'Arms and Armour', pp. 56–69.

138

Thietmar of Merseburg, Chronicon 4.12, ed. Werner Trillmich (АО 9, Darmstadt, 1957), p. 126.

139

Lacarra, no. 238 (c. 1145); Gerald of Wales (Giraldius Cambrensuis), De principis instructione 2.13, in J.S.Brewer, J.F.Dimock and G.F.Warner (eds.), Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 8, pp. 183–4.

140

См.: Indiculus loricatorum, in Constitutions et acta publico imperatorum et regum 1, ed. Ludwig Weiland (MCH, Hanover, 1893), no. 436, pp. 632–3; Karl Ferdinand Werner, 'Heeresorganisation und Kriegfuhrung im Deutschen Königreich des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts', in Ordinamenti militari in Occidente nell'alto medioevo (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo 15, 2 vols., Spoleto, 1968) 2, pp. 791–843.

141

Forge production: Fino, 'Notes sur la production du fer'.

142

William Beveridge, Prices and Wages m England 1 (London, 1939), pp. xxv — xxvi.

143

См.: William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi ducis Normannorum 1.13, 40, ed. Raymonde Foreville (Paris, 1952), pp. 26, 98; Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Henry R. Luard (7 vols., RS, 1872–84), 4, pp. 135–6; see in general R.H.C. Davis, The Medieval Warhorse (London, 1989).

144

Pierre Chaplais (ed.). Diplomatic Documents preserved in the Public Record Office 1:1101–1272 (Oxford, 1964), pp. 1–4.

145

См.: Philippe Contamine, War in the Middle Ages (Eng. tr., Oxford, 1984), p. 670.

146

P. Guilhiermoz, Essai sur l'origine de la noblesse en France au Moyen Age (Paris, 1902); George Duby, “The Origins of Knighthood', The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 158–70; idem, 'La diffusion du titre chevaleresque', in Philippe Contamine (ed.). La noblesse au Moyen Age (Paris, 1976), pp. 39–70; Arno Borst (ed.). Das Rittertum im Mittelalter (Wege der Forschung 349, Darmstadt, 1976); Leopold Genicot, La noblesse dans I'Occident medieval (London, 1982); Jean Fiori, L'essor de la chevalerie (Geneva, 1986), L'ideologie du glaive: Prehistoire de la chevalerie (Geneva, 1983).

147

William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi 2.29, ed. Foreville, p. 218.

148

О боевых конях см.: Davis, The Medieval Warhorse

149

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Itinerarium Kambriae 1.4, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 6, pp. 1–152, at p. 54.

150

См.: Richer, Historiae 2.92; 3.98, 104, ed. R. Latouche, Histoire de France (2 vols., Paris, 1930–37) 1, p. 282; 2, pp. 126, 134; J.F. Fino, Forteresses de la France medievale (3rd ed., Paris, 1977), p. 89; Paris BN lat. 12, 302, Haimo of Auxerre's Commentary on Ezekiel.

151

Anna Comnena, Alexiad 10.8.5, ed. B. Leib (3 vols., Paris, 1937–45), 2, pp. 217–18.

152

Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta, ed. J. Alberigo et al. (3rd ed., Bologna, 1973), p. 203 (canon 29).

153

Constitutions et acta publico imperatorum et regum 2, ed. Ludwig Wetland (MCH, Hanover, 1896), no. 335, p. 445.

154

B. Thordemann, Armour from the Battle of Wisby 1361 (2 vols., Stockholm, 1939) 1, pp. 186–7.

155

Roger of Wendover, Flores historiarum, ed. H.G. Hewlett (3 vols., RS, 1886–9), 2, pp. 116, 151, 194, 212, 215–16; this material was incorporated into Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Luard, 2, pp. 586–7, 626, 666; 3, pp. 18, 21.

156

E. Audouin, Essai sur l'armee royale au temps de Philippe Auguste (Paris, 1913), pp. 113–14.

157

Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. Hubert Hall (3 vols., RS, 1896), 2, pp. 458–9, 467; J.H. Round, The King's Serjeants and Officers of State (London, 1911), pp. 13–14.

158

Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis, ed. H. Markgraf and J.W. Schulte (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 14, Breslau, 1889), pp. 14–15.

159

Hariulf, Gesta ecclesiae Centulensis 4.21, ed. F. Lot, Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Riquier (Paris, 1894), p. 230.

160

Otto of Freising, Gesta Friderici I imperatoris 1.12, ed. Georg Waitz and Bemhard von Simson (SRC, Hanover and Leipzig, 1912), p. 28.

161

J.P. Bushe-Fox, Old Sarum (London, etc., 1930).

162

G. Fournier, Le peuplement rural en Basse Auverqne durant le haut Moyen Aqe (Paris, 1962), pp. 329–99.

163

Atlas vorqeschichtlicher Befestigungen in Niedersachsen, ed. A. von Opperman and C. Schuchhardt (Hanover, 1888–1916), pp. 67–8, fig. 53.

164

Karl Wilhelm Strave, 'Die slawischen Burgen in Wagrien', Offa 17–18 (1959–61), pp. 57–108, at pp. 61, 99–100.

165

К рис. 2: бурги — С. A. Ralegh Radford, 'Later Pre-Conquest Boroughs and their Defences', Medieval Archaeology 14 (1970), pp. 83–103; Aggersborg — David M. Wilson, 'Danish Kings and England in the Late 10th and Early 11th Centuries — Economic Implications', in Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 3 (1980), ed. R. Allen Brown, pp. 188–96, at pp. 192–3; славянские крепости Barpuu — Struve, 'Die slawischen Burgen', p. 60; австрийские замки — W. Getting and G. Griill, Burgen in Oberosterreich (Wels, 1967), p. 317 (figures for Hauptburg); мотт — Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 44.

166

Sidney Painter, 'English Castles in the Early Middle Ages: Their Numbers, Location, and Legal Position, Speculum 10 (1935), pp. 321–32, at p. 322; C. Warren Hollister, The Military Organization of Norman England (Oxford, 1965), p. 138; Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 46.

167

Lawrence of Durham, Dialogi 1, lines 367–8, ed. James Raine (Surtees Society 70, 1880 for 1878), p. 11.

168

Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 44. Были, разумеется, и более крупные, см.: A Hermbrodt, 'Stand der frühmittelalterlichen Mottenforschung im Rheinland', Chateau Gaillard 1 (1964 for 1962), pp. 77–100, at p. 8i; H.W. Heine, 'Ergebnisse und Probleme einer systematischen Aufnahme und Bearbeitung mittelalterlicher Wehranlagen zwischen junger Donau und westlichen Bodensee', ibid. 8 (1976), pp. 121–34, at p. 126.

169

Vita Ludovici Grossi regis 24 (Crecy), 19 (Le Puiset), 18 (Mantes), 3, ed. H. Waquet (Paris, 1929), pp. 176, 140, 124, 20.

170

Alpert of Metz, De diversitate temporum 2.2, ed. Hans van Rij and Anna Sapir Abulafia (Amsterdam, 1980), pp. 42–4.

171

Bruno, De bello Saxonico liber 16, 27, ed. H.E. Lohmann (MGH, Deutsches Mittelalter 2, Leipzig, 1937), pp. 22, 31.

172

См.: Maurice Beresford, New Towns of the Middle Ages (London, 1967), pp. 172 (fig. 40), 425.

173

Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MGH, SS 30/1 (Hanover, 1896), pp. 490–656, at pp. 518–21; Hans Patze and Walter Schlesinger, Geschichte Türingens 2/1 (MF 48, Cologne and Vienna, 1974), pp. 10–13.

174

R.A. Brown, H.M. Colvin and AJ. Taylor, The History of the King's Works: The Middle Ages (2 vols., London, 1963) 1, pp. 64–5, 113; 2, pp. 630, 1023, 1029.

175

Michael Prestwich, War, Politics and Finance under Edward I (London, 1972), p. 160.

176

T.F. Tout. «The fair of Lincoln and the “Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal”», Collected Papers (3 vols., Manchester, 1932–4) 2, pp. 191–220, at pp. 218–20; Lynn White, Medieval Technology and Social Change (Oxford, 1962), p. 102; J.F. Fino, 'Machines de jet medievales’, Gladius 10 (1972), pp. 25–3; D.R. Hill, Trebuchets', Viator 4 (1973), pp. 99–114.

177

См.; Hans R. Hahnloser, Villard de Honnecourt: Kritische Gesamtausgabe des Bauhüttenbuches ms. fr. 19093 der Pariser Nationalbibliothek (2nd ed., Graz, 1972), pp. 159–62; The Sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt, ed. Theodore Bowie (Bloomington, 1959), plate 61.

178

Annales Pegavienses, ed. George Hemrich Pertz, MGH, SS 16 (Hanover, 1859), pp. 232–70, at p. 264.

179

Littere Wallie, ed. John Goronwy Edwards (Cardiff, 1940), no. 3, pp. 7–8 (Treaty of Woodstock).

180

Katharine Simms, 'Warfare in the Medieval Gaelic Lordships', The Irish Sword 12 (1975–6), pp. 98–108; Peter Harbison, 'Native Irish Arms and Armour m Medieval Gaelic Literature, 1170–1600', ibid., pp. 173–99, 270–84.

181

Herbord, Dialogus de vita sancti Ottonis episcopi Babenbergensis 2.23, ed. Jan Wikarjak and Kazimierz Liman, MPH, n.s., 7/3 (Warsaw, 1974), pp. 101–2.

182

Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century (Oxford, 1992).

183

Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr. Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 58 (Ibn al-Qalanisi).

184

Elena Lourie, 'A Society Organized for War: Medieval Spain', Past and Present 35 (1966), pp. 54–76, at p. 69.

185

Ambroise, L'estone de la guerre sainte, lines 6816–18, ed. Gaston Paris (Paris, 1897), col. 182.

186

Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Costilla en la epoca de Alfonso VIII (3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 3, no. 705, pp. 247–9 (1201); Emilio Saez (ed.), 'Fueros de Puebla de Alcocer у Yebenes', Anuario de bistorta del derecho espanol 18 (1947), pp. 432–41, at p. 435; Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 2, p. 350, n. 169.

187

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 1.34, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 342.

188

Chronicon Livoniae 1.5–9, 9.3, 15.3, 10.8, 15.3, 10.12, 23.8, 14.11, 10.12, 26.3, 27.3, 28.3J, 11.8, 12.1, 27.3, 28.3, ed. Leonid Arbusow and Albert Bauer (АО 24, Darmstadt, 1959), pp. 4–6, 38, 134, 54, 132, 58, 242, 126, 60, 282, 298, 304, 80, 84, 296, 304.

189

Gesta Stephani, ed. K.R. Potter and R.H.C. Davis (Oxford, 1976), p. 14.

190

Brut у Tywysogyon, или The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. and tr. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), pp. 71–3.

191

Giolla Brighde Mac Con Midhe, Poems, ed. and tr. N.JA Williams (Irish Texts Society 51, Dublin, 1980) XIII, 20, p. 141.

192

Annals of Loch Cé, ed. and tr. William M. Hennessy (2 vols., RS, 1871), 1, p. 389.

193

History of Gruffydd ap Cynan, ed. and tr. Arthur Jones (Manchester, 1910), p. 133.

194

Brut у Tywysogyon, ed. Jones, pp. 175, 177; Gerald of Wales, Itinerarium Kambriae, 2.6, ed. Brewer et al., p. 123; Richard A vent, Cestyll Tywysogion Gwynedd / Castles of the Princes of Gwynedd (Cardiff, 1983), p. 7.

195

Song of Dermot and the Earl, 666–70, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 50.

196

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Descriptio Kambriae 2.8, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 6, pp. 153–227, at pp. 220–21; idem, Expugnatio Hibemica 2.38, ed. AB. Scott and F.X. Martin (Dublin, 1978), pp. 246–8; John of Salisbury, Policraticus 6.6, 16, ed. C.C.J. Webb (2 vols., Oxford, 1909), 2, pp. 18, 42–4; Gallus Anonymus, Chronicon 1.25; 3.23, ed. K. Maleczynski, MPH, n.s. 2 (Cracow, 1952), pp. 50, 152.

197

Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Luard, 5, p. 550.

198

Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882–5), 2, pp. 3–283, at pp. 191–2.

199

Turgot, Vita sancti Margaretae reginae, ed. James Raine in Symeonis Dunelmensis opera et collectanea 1, ed. J. Hodgson Hinde (Surtees Society 51, 1868), pp. 234–54, at p. 247.

200

Symeon of Durham (attrib.). De miraculis et translationibus sancti Cuthberti 10, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882–5), 1, pp. 229–61; 2, pp. 333–62, at 2, p. 339.

201

Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, p. 190.

202

Aelred of Rievaulx, De Sanctis ecclesiae Haugustaldensis, ed. James Raine in The Priory of Hexham (2 vols., Surtees Society 44, 46, 1864–5) 1, pp. 172–203, at p. 178; cf. Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, pp. 36–7.

203

Symeon of Durham, De miraculis... sancti Cuthberti 10, ed. Arnold, 2, p. 339.

204

Gerald of Wales, Topographia Hibemica 2.54, ed. Brewer et al., p. 137; C.L Salch, 'La protection symbolique de la porte au Moyen Age dans les châteaux-forts alsaciens', in Hommage a Genevieve Chevrier et Alain Ceslan: Etudes médiévales (Strasbourg, 1975), pp. 39–44.

205

Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, pp. 199–200; ibid., p. 211; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s.a. 1092, ed. С Plummer and J. Earle, Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (2 vols., Oxford, 1892–9) 1, p. 227; Symeon of Durham's continuator, Historia Dunelmensis ecclesiae, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882–5), 1, pp. 135–60, at 1, p. 140.

206

Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980); idem. Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000–1306 (London, 1981), chapter 3; A.A.M. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975), chapters 6–8; R.L.G. Ritchie, The Normans in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1954).

207

Early Scottish Charters prior to 1153, ed. Archibald С Lawrie (Glasgow, 1905), no. 54, pp. 48–9.

208

John of Hexham, Historia, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882–5), 2, pp. 284–332, at p. 290.

209

Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Richard Howlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 1884–9) 3, pp. 137–78,at pp. 156–7.

210

Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio de Standardo, ed. Howlett, ibid., pp. 179–99, at pp. 187–8.

211

О вылазках из замков см.: Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Howlett, p. 157; John of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 291.

212

John of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 289.

213

Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 145.

214

Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio, ed. Howlett, pp. 189–98. Выражение незащищенные и голые взято из: Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, ed. Thomas Arnold (RS, 1879), p. 263.

215

Jordan Fantosme, Chronicle, 640–41, 266, 1242–9, 1766, 1828, 185867, ed. and tr. R.C. Johnston (Oxford, 1981), pp. 48, 20, 92–4, 132, 136, 138.

216

William of Newburgh, Historia rerum Anglicarum 2.33, ed. Richard Howlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 1884–9) 1–2, at 1, p. 184.

217

См.: Gesta regis Henrici secundi Benedicti abbatis, ed. William Stubbs (2 vols., RS, 1867), 1, pp. 67–8.

218

См.: Annals of Furess, ed. Richard Howlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 1884–9) 2, pp. 503–83, at pp. 570–71.

219

Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum 13.9.6, ed. J. Olrik and H. Raeder (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1931–57), 1, pp. 361–2; см. также примечания Э. Кристиансена: Saxo, Danorum regum heroumque historia, Books X–XVI (3 vols., British Archaeological Reports, International Series 84, 118/1–2, Oxford, 1980–81) 1, pp. 322–3, n. 84; Annales Erphesfurdenses Lothariani, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, Monumenta Erphesfurtensia (SRC, Hanover and Leipzig, 1899), pp. 34–44, at p. 40. См. также: Lucien Musset, 'Problemes militaires du monde scandinave (Vile — XIIe s.)', in Ordinamenti militari in Occidente nell'alto medioevo (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto medioevo 15, 2 vols., Spoleto, 1968) 1, pp. 229–91, at pp. 288–90.

220

См.: S.U. Palme, 'Les impots, le Statut d'Alsno et la formation des ordres en Suede (1250–1350)', in R. Mousnier (ed.), Problemes de stratification sociale (Paris, 1968), pp. 55–66.

221

Karl Barteis, Deutsche Krieger in polnischen Diensten von Misika I. bis Kasimir dem Grossen, с 963–1370 (Berlin, 1922); K. Schunemann, Die Deutsche in Ungam bis zum 12. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1923); Benedykt Zientara, 'Die deutschen Einwanderer in Polen vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.), Die deutsche Ostsiedlung des Mittelalters als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 333–48. He все такие гости были немцами; см.: Н. Gockenjan, Hilfsvolker und Grenzwachter in mittelalterlichen Ungam (Wiesbaden, 1972).

222

Libellus de institutione morum, ed. J. Balogh, Scriptores тerum Hungaricamm 2 (Budapest, 1938), pp. 611–27, at p. 625.

223

Eleanor Knott, Irish Classical Poetry (Irish Life and Culture 6, Dublin, 1957), p. 59, цит. из Maol Seachluinn О Huiginn.

224

Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928); William of Apulia, La geste de Robert Cuiscard, ed. Marguerite Mathieu (Palermo, 1961); Amatus of Montecassino, Storia de' Normanni, ed. Vincenzo de Bartholomaeis (Fonfi per la storia d'Italia 76, Rome, 1935).

225

De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.3, 7, 12, 38; 2.35; 3.13, 24, ed. Pontieri, pp. 9, 11, 14, 24, 46, 64, 71; see Ovidio Capitani, 'Specific Motivations and Continuing Themes in the Norman Chronicles of Southern Italy in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries', in 77ie Normans in Sicily and Southern Italy (Lincei Lectures 1974) (Oxford, 1977), pp. 1–46, at pp. 7, 30–33, n. 15.

226

De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.9, ed. Pontieri, p. 13. Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 1.23; 2.17; 1.43; 2.8; 2.21; 2.22, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp. 30, 75, 54–5, 67, 80, 83.

227

William of Apulia, La geste 3, lines 101–2, ed. Mathieu, p. 168.

228

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.7, ed. Pontieri, p. 11.

229

Wlliam of Apulia, La geste 3, line 217, ed. Mathieu, p. 176; cf. 1, line 320, p. 116.

230

ibid. 2, lines 427–8, ed. Mathieu, p. 154.

231

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.9, ed. Pontieri, p. 12.

232

ibid. 2.42, ed. Pontieri, p. 50.

233

William of Apulia, La geste 2, lines 323–9, ed. Mathieu, p. 150.

234

ibid. 2, line 383, ed. Mathieu, p. 152.

235

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 3.24, ed. Pontieri, p. 71.

236

Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 1.2, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp. 10–11.

237

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.3, ed. Pontieri, p. 8.

238

ibid. 2.38; 3.7, ed. Pontieri, pp. 48, 60.

239

De expugnatione Lyxbonensi: The Conquest of Lisbon, ed. and tr. Charles W. David (New York, 1936), p. 98; Hervey de Glanville's speech: ibid., pp. 106–7.

240

ibid., p. 120.

241

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 11.24, ed. Chibnall 6, p. 102.

242

Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 1.21; 2.17, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp. 27, 75.

243

Anna Comnena, Alexiad 10.5.4; 10.5.10; 10.6.4; 11.6.3 ed. B. Leib (3 vols., Paris, 1937–45), 2, pp. 206–7, 210, 211; 3, p. 28.

244

Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr., Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 73.

245

Anna Comnena, Alexiad 10.5.10; 4.8.2; 13.10.5; 14.2.4, ed. Leib, 2, p. 209; 1, p. 167; 3, pp. 123, 147.

246

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.17, ed. Pontieri, p. 17.

247

Michael Attaleiates, Historia, ed. Immanuel Bekker (Corpus scriptorum historiae Byzantinae 50, Bonn, 1853), p. 107.

248

Memoirs of Usamah Ibn-Munqidh, tr. Philip K. Hitti (New York, 1929), p. 161.

249

Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio de Standardo, ed. Richard Hewlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 1884–9) 3, pp. 179–99, at p. 185.

250

Deusdedit, Collectio canonum 3.284–5 (156–7), ed. Victor Wolf von Glanvell, Die Kanonessammlung des Kardinals Deusdedit (Paderbom, 1905), p. 393; Le liber censuum de l'eglise romaine, ed. Paul Fabre et al. (3 vols., Paris, 1889–1910), 1, pp. 421–2, nos. 162–3.

251

Coleccion de documentes inedites del archiva general de la Corona de Aragon 4, ed. Prospero de Bofarull у Mascar6 (Barcelona, 1849), no. 62, pp. 168–74.

252

Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Knights of St. John in Jerusalem and Cyprus с 1050–1310 (London, 1967), pp. 66–7.

253

Coleccion de documentos... de la Corona de Aragon 4, ed. de Bofarull у Mascaro, no. 43, pp. 93–9; Cartulaire general de l'ordre du Temple, ed. Marquis d'Albon (Paris, 1913), no. 314, pp. 204–5.

254

Lacarra, no. 94 (1086–94).

255

Цит. по кн.: Henry of Livonia, Chronicon Livoniae 11.3, ed. Leonid Arbusow and Albert Bauer (АО 24, Darmstadt, 1959), pp. 68–70. (Имеется рус. издание: Генрих Латвийский. Хроника Ливонии. М. — Д., 1938, 608 с.)

256

William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi ducis Normannorum 2.5, ed. Raymonde Foreville (Paris, 1952), p. 158.

257

Rotuli chartarum in turri Londinensi asservati (1199–1216), ed. T.D. Hardy (London, 1837), p. 66 (1200); Calendar of the Patent Rolls (1258–66) (London, 1910), p. 674 (1266); Rees Davies, Domination and Conquest: The Experience of Ireland, Scotland and Wales 1100–1300 (Cambridge, 1990), p. 36.

258

Rotuli chartarum... (1199–1216), pp. 218–19 (1215).

259

Register of the Abbey of St Thomas Dublin, ed. John T. Gilbert (RS, 1889), no. 44, pp. 42–3 (1203–17).

260

Irish Cartularies of Uanthony Prima and Secunda, ed. Eric SOohn Brooks (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1953), no. 75, pp. 87–8 (c. 1181–91).

261

Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 2.29, ed. de Bartholomaeis, p. 94.

262

Malaterra, De rebus gestii Rogerii 1.29, ed. Pontieri, p. 22.

263

Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 5.1–2, ed. de Bartholomaeis p. 223.

264

William of Apulia, La geste, prologue, lines 2–5, ed. Mathieu, p. 98.

265

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 1.29, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 305.

266

William of Tyre, Chronicle 20.14, ed. R.B.C. Huygens (2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 63–63Д Tumhout, 1986), 2, p. 927.

267

Henry of Antwerp, Tractatus de captione urbis Brandenburg, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MCH, SS 25 (Hanover, 1880), pp. 482–4, at p. 484.

268

Primera cronica general de Espana 1125, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal (2 vols., Madrid, 1955), 2, p. 767.

269

Calendar of the Justiciary Rolls... of Ireland (1295–1303), ed. James Mils (Dublin, 1905), pp. 281–2.

270

Chartularies of St Mary's Abbey Dublin, ed. John T. Gilbert (2 vols., RS, 1884), 1, no. 254, pp. 275–7.

271

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), p. 171 and n. 40; Chronique de Мorée 241, ed. Jean Longnon (Paris, 1911), p. 87; Les assises de Romanie 71, 90, 95, 98, ed. Georges Recoura (Paris, 1930), pp. 210, 220, 222–3, 224.

272

Les assises, ed. Recoura, editorial comment at p. 40.

273

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Lurier, p. 196.

274

Walter of Guisborough, Chronicle, ed. Harry Rothwell (Camden 3rd ser., 89, 1957), p. 216.

275

Placitorum abbreviatio (Record Commission, London, 1811), p. 201.

276

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana, 1.29, ed. Hagenmeyer, p. 304.

277

Usamah, tr. Hitti, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman, p. 178; cf. Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), pp. 253–4, n. 11.

278

Richard Butler, Some Notices of the Castle and of the Ecclesiastical Buildings of Trim (Trim, 1835), pp. 252–3; Lacarra, nos. 5, 123, 134; Giorgio Fedalto, La Chiesa Latina in Oriente (2nd ed., 3 vols., Verona, 1981) 1, pp. 388–9.

279

Coleccion de documentes... de la Corona de Aragon 4, ed. de Bofarull у Mascaro, no. 62, p. 169.

280

Eric St J. Brooks, 'A Charter of John de Courcy to the Abbey of Navan', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 63 (1933), pp. 38–45, at p. 39.

281

Dignitas decani, ed. Newport B. White (Dublin, 1957), no. Ill, pp. 112–13 (= Crede mihi, ed. John T. Gilbert (Dublin, 1897), no. 74, p. 67).

282

Calendar of the Charter Rolls, 1226–1516 (6 vols., London, 1903–27) 1, pp. 230–31.

283

Reports of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records of Ireland 1–55 (Dublin, 1869–1923), 20, no. 130, pp. 57–8.

284

William Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum, ed. John Caley et al. (6 vols, in 8, London, 1846), 6/2, p. 1131, calendared in Calendar of the Patent Rolls (1358–61) (London, 1911), p. 488.

285

Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III (1254–56) (London, 1931), p. 413.

286

Geoffrey Hand, 'English Law in Ireland, 1172–1351', Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 23 (1972), pp. 393–422, p. 401, PRO S.C. 1/23, no. 85; Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (1171–1307), ed. H.S. Sweetman (5 vols., London, 1875–86), 2,'pp. 281–2, no. 1482 (1278).

287

Registrum vulgariter nuncupation 'The Record of Caernarvon', ed. Henry Ellis (Record Commission, London. 1838), p. 149.

288

Mecklenburgisches UB (25 vols, in 26, Schwerin and Leipzig, 1863–1977) 3, no. 1781, p. 164.

289

Цит. по кн.: Villehardouin, Geoffrey de, La conquete de Constantinople, ed. Edmond Faral (2^nd ed., 2 vols., Paris, 1961). (Имеется рус. издание: Виллардуэн Ж. де. Завоевание Константинополя. М., 1993. 290 с.)

290

Les gestes des Chiprois, ed. Gaston Raynaud (Publications de la Societe de l'Orient latin. Serie historique 5, Geneva, 1887), pp. 5, 9, 17, 52; RHC, Occ. 2, p. xiii; см. также: M.R. Morgan, The Chronicle of Emoul and the Continuations of William of Tyre (Oxford, 1973).

291

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Itinerarium Kambriae 1.12, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 6, pp. 1–152, at p. 91.

292

Gerald of Wales, Expugnatio Hibemica 2.10, ed. A.B. Scott and F.X. Martin (Dublin, 1978), p. 156.

293

Song of Dermot and the Earl, lines 644–5, 485, 1763, 407, 456, 820–23, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), pp. 48, 36, 130, 32, 34, 62. См. также: J. Long, 'Dermot and the Earl: Who Wrote the Song?', Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 75C (1975), pp. 263–72.

294

Цит. по кн.: Henry of Livonia, Chronicon Livoniae 10.15, ed. Arbusow and Bauer, p. 66. (Имеется рус. издание: Генрих Латвийский. Хроника Ливонии. М. — Л., 1938.)

295

ibid.

296

Livlandische Reimchronik, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderborn, 1876); см. также: Lutz Mackensen, 'Zur livlandischen Reimchronik' — Zur deutschen Literatur Altlivlands (Wurzburg, 1961), pp. 21–58; Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades (London, 1980), pp. 91–3.

297

Song of Dermot, lines 125, 136–41, 282–3, 201, 1409, 3086–99, ed. Orpen, pp. 10, 12, 22, 16 and 104, 224–5.

298

Ibid., p. 303 (editorial note).

299

Expugnatio Hibemica 2.10, ed. Scott and Martin, p. 156.

300

См.: Bartlett, R. Gerald of Wales 1146–1223 (Oxford, 1982), pp. 214–16, 178, n. 3.

301

Livlandische Reimchronik, lines 103–4, 93, 120–22, 669–76, 1466–8, 8397–402, ed. Meyer, pp. 3, 16, 34, 192.

302

De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, ed. David, pp. 54–6, 104, 134, 106, 128, 106.

303

Ibid., pp. 132, 56, 68, 110–112.

304

Peter Knoch, Studien zu Albert von Aachen (Stuttgart, 1966), chapter 4, pp. 91–107, 'Die Franken des ersten Kreuzzugs in den Augenzeugenberichten'; Bemd Schneidmuller, Nomen patriae: Die Entstehung Frankreichs in der politisch-geographischen Terminologie (10. — 13. Jahrhundert) (Sigmaringen, 1987), chapter 5(a), pp. 106–24, 'Franci: Kreuzfahrer oder Nordfranzosen in der Kreuzzugshistoriographie?'

305

См. на эту тему Reinhard Wenskus, Stammesbildung und Verfassung: Das Werden der friihmittelalterlichen gentes (Cologne and Graz, 1961), pp. 512–41.

306

Andre Miguel, La geographie humaine du monde musulman jusqu'au milieu du lie siècle 2: Geographie arabe et representation du monde: La terre et l'etrangev (Paris, 1975), chapter 7, pp. 343–80, 'L'Europe de l'Ouest', esp. pp. 354–9 (Remie Constable kindly provided this reference); Bernard Lewis, The Muslim Discovery of Europe (New York and London, 1982), pp. 137–46.

307

Humbert of Silva Candida, Adversus Graecorum calumnias, PL 143, cols. 929–74, at cols. 929, 934; Anton Michel, Humbert und Kerullarios (2 vols., Paderbom, 1924–30).

308

Michael Attaleiates, Historia, ed. Bekker, index, s.v. 'Franci'; George Cedrenus, Historiarum compendium, ed. Immanuel Bekker (2 vols.. Corpus scriptorum historiae Byzantinae 34–5, Bonn, 1838–9), 2, pp. 545, 617.

309

Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 27 (Ibn al-Qalanisi).

310

Ekkehard of Aura, Hierosolymita 16.2, RHC, Occ. 5, pp. 1–40, at p. 25; Raymond of Aguilers: Liber (Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem) 6, ed. John H. Hill and Laurita L Hill (Paris, 1969), p. 52.

311

Simon of Saint Quentin, Historia Tartarorum, ed. Jean Richard (Paris, 1965), p. 52.

312

Gesta Francorum 10.30, ed. and tr. Rosalind Hill (London, 1962), p. 73.

313

Raymond of Aguilers, Liber 10, ed. Hill and Hill, pp. 79, 83.

314

William of Tyre, Chronicle 11.12, ed. Huygens, 1, p. 513.

315

Ambroise, L'estoire de la guerre sainte, lines 8494–505, 8509–10, ed. Gaston Paris (Paris, 1897), cols. 227–8.

316

Walter Map, De nugis curialium 2.18, ed. and tr. M.R. James, rev. C.N.L. Brooke and R.AB. Mynors (Oxford, 1983), p. 178.

317

Albert of Aachen, Historia Hierosolymitana 1.8, RHC, Occ. 4, pp. 265–713, at p. 277 (cf. 2.6, p. 303); Gyorgy Szekely, 'Wallons et Italiens en Europe centrale aux Xle — XVIe siècles'. Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rotando Eotuos Nominatae, sectio historica 6 (1964), pp. 3–71, at pp. 16–17.

318

Brut у Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. and tr. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), index, s.v. 'French'.

319

Donncha О. Corrain, 'Nationality and Kingship in Pre-Norman Ireland', in T.W. Moody (ed.). Nationality and the Pursuit of National Independence (Historical Studies 11, Belfast, 1978), pp. 1–35, at p. 35.

320

Walter of Coventry, Memoriale, ed. William Stubbs (2 vols., RS, 1872–3), 2, p. 206 (the 'Barnwell Chronicle').

321

Documentes de Don Sancho I (1174–1211) 1, ed. Rui de Azevado et al. (Coimbra, 1979), no. 86, pp. 138–9; Fuero de Logrono, ed. T. Moreno Garbaya, Apuntes histyricos de Logrono (Logroflo, 1943), pp. 42–9.

322

Honorius III, 20 May 1224, Novit regia celsitudo, Po. 7258; Opera omnia, ed. Cesar Auguste Horoy (5 vols., Paris, 1879–82), 4, no. 227, col. 653; Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, ed. Martin Bouquet et al. (new ed., 24 vols., Paris, 1869–1904), 19, p. 754.

323

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Lurier, p. 157.

324

Helbig & Weinrich 2, nos. 29, 30, 36, 80, 81, 111, 114, pp. 162–3, 180, 306, 310, 418, 430.

325

Louis Dermigny, La Chine et l’Occident: Le commerce a Canton au XVIIIe siècle 1719–1833 1 (Paris, 1964), p. 292.

326

José María Font Rius (ed.), Cartas de poblacion у franquicia de Cataluña (2 vols., Madrid and Barcelona, 1969) 1, no. 223, pp. 308–9 (Peter I of Aragon, 1207).

327

Maurice Beresford, New Towns of the Middle Ages (London, 1967), pp. 637–41.

328

Daniel Waley, The Italian City Republics (London, 1969), p. 35.

329

Peter Spufford, Money and its Use in Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1988), p. 243.

330

Cambridge Economic History of Europe I: The Agrarian Life of the Middle Ages, ed. M.M. Postan (2nd ed., Cambridge, 1966), p. 561; Josiah Cox Russell, British Medieval Population (Albuquerque, 1948); cf. J.Z. Titow, English Rural Society 1200–1350 (London, 1969), pp. 66–73.

331

H.C. Darby, Domesday England (Cambridge, 1977), pp. 87–91, 'Total Population”.

332

Cambridge Economic History 1, ed. Postan, p. 562; M.M. Postan, The Medieval Economy and Society (London, 1972), p. 31.

333

E.A Wrigley and R.S. Schofield, The Population History of England 1541–1871 (Cambridge, Mass., 1981).

334

J.Z. Titow, 'Some Evidence of the Thirteenth-Century Population Increase', Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 14 (1961), pp. 218–24.

335

Georges Duby, Rural Economy and Country Life in the Medieval West (Eng. tr., London, 1968), p. 119.

336

Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr., Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 3 (Ibn al-Athi'r).

337

Charles Higounet, 'Mouvements de population dans le Midi de la France du Xle siècle d'après les noms de personne et de lieu', in his Paysages et villages neufs du Moyen Age (Bordeaux, 1975), pp. 417–37, at p. 421.

338

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 1, p. 70.

339

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 7.5, ed. and tr. Marjorie Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford 1968–80), 4, p. 12.

340

Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1, ed. H.W.C. Davis (Oxford, 1913), appendix, 2 bis, p. 118 (= calendar no. 33).

341

Jordan Fantosme, Chronicle, lines 788–9, 417–18, 994–8, ed. R.C. Johnston (Oxford, 1981), pp. 58–9, 30–31, 72–3.

342

Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980), pp. 44–6 and 57 (map 7); Acts of Malcolm TV, King of Scots, 1153–65, ed. Geoffrey Barrow (Regesta Regum Scottorum 1, Edinburgh, 1960), no. 175, pp. 219–20; K.J. Stringer, Earl David of Huntingdon, 1152–1219: A Study in Anglo-Scottish History (Edinburgh, 1985), app. no. 55, pp. 254–5 (1172–99); AAM. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975), pp. 137, 138, 189.

343

Duncan, Scotland, p. 476; Walter of Guisborough, Chronicle, ed. Harry Rothwell (Camden 3rd ser., 89, 1957), p. 275.

344

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 125, p. 474.

345

Iiselotte Feyerabend, Die Rigauer und Revaler Familiennamen im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert (Cologne and Vienna, 1985), p. 74.

346

Gervase of Rheims, Epistola de vita sancti Donatiani, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MCH, SS 15/2 (Hanover, 1888), pp. 854–6, p. 855.

347

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 6, p. 58; см. также: Schlesinger, 'Flemmingen und Kühren: Zur Siedlungsform niederlandischer Siedlungen des 12. Jahrhunderts im mitteldeutschen Osten', in idem (ed.). Die deutsche Ostsiedlung als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 263–309.

348

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 8, pp. 62–4.

349

Walter Kühn, 'Flamische und frankische Hufe als Leitformen der mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung', in his Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung (Cologne and Vienna, 1973), pp. 1–51.

350

Hermann Teuchert, Die Sprachreste der niederlandischen Siedlungen des 12. Jahrhunderts (2nd ed., MF 70, Cologne and Vienna, 1972); Karl Bischoff, Sprache und Geschichte an der mittleren Elbe und der unteren Saale (MF 52, Cologne and Graz, 1967), chapter 4.

351

UB zur Geschichte der Deutschen in Siebenburgen 1, ed. Franz Zimmermann and Carl Werner (Hermannstadt, 1892), nos. 2, 4–5, pp. 2–5; Karl Reinerth, 'Siebenbürger and Magdeburger Flandrenses-Urkunden aus dem 12. Jahrhundert', Sudostdeutsches Archiv 8 (1965), pp. 26–56.

352

Brut у Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), p. 53.

353

Cartulary of Worcester Cathedral Priory, ed. R.R. Darlington (Pipe Roll Society, n.s 37, 1968 for 1962–3), no. 252, pp. 134–5.

354

Pipe Roll 31 Henry I, ed. J. Hunter (Record Commission, London, 1833), p. 136.

355

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Itinerarium Kambriae 1.2, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.), Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 6, pp. 1–152, at pp. 87–9.

356

idem. Speculum Duorum, ed. Yves Lefevre and R.B.C. Huygens, general ed. Michael Richter (Cardiff, 1974), p. 36.

357

Brut у Tywysogyon, ed. Jones, p. 221.

358

Itinerarium Kambriae 1.13, ed. Brewer et al., p. 83.

359

Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, ed. and tr. John O'Donovan (4 vols., Dublin, 1851), 2, p. 1173, s.a. 1169.

360

Recueil des historiens des croisades. Lois 2 (Paris, 1843), pp. 528–9, no. 44; Liber cartarum Sancte Crucis, ed. Cosmo Innes (Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, 1840), app. 2, no. 7, p. 213 (cf. Acts of William I, King of Scots, 1165–1214, ed. Geoffrey Barrow (Regesta Regum Scottorum 2, Edinburgh, 1971), no. 560, p. 477); Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 130, pp. 480–82.

361

Lacarra, no. 132; Coleccion de fueros municipales у cartas pueblos de los reinos de Costilla, Leon, Corona de Aragon у Navarra, ed. Tomas Munoz у Romero (Madrid, 1847), pp. 299–300.

362

Schlesisches UB, ed. Heinrich Appelt and Winfried Irgang (4 vols, to date, Graz, Cologne and Vienna, 1963 —), 3, no. 2, pp. 15–16.

363

Cosmas of Prague, Chronica Boemorum 2.1, ed. Berthold Bretholz (SRG n.s., Berlin, 1923), p. 83.

364

Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius 2.36–7, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), p. 47.

365

Brut у Tywysogyon, ed. Jones, p. 145; cf. ibid., p. 109; Rees Da vies. Conquest, Coexistence and Change: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 119–20.

366

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 4.16, ed. Pontieri, pp. 95–6.

367

Sachsenspiegel, Landrecht 3.79.1, ed. Karl August Eckhardt (Germanenrechte, n.s.. Gottingen, 1955), p. 262.

368

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 67, p. 256; Josef Joachim Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden des 13. Jahrhunderts (Wurzburg, 1977), p. 184.

369

Inquisitio Eliensis, ed. N.E.S.A Hamilton, Inquisitio comitatus Cantabrigiensis, subjicitur Inquisitio Eliensis (London, 1876), pp. 97–183, at p. 97.

370

Alfred Haverkamp, Medieval Germany 1056–1273 (Eng. tr., Oxford, 1988), p. 301, referring to a scene in the Kleiner Lucidiarius of Seifried Helblinc.

371

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 24, p. 114.

372

О деятельности Викмана см.: Dietrich Claude, Geschichte des Erzbistums Magdeburg bis in das 12. Jahrhundert (2 vols., MF 67, Cologne, 1972–5) 2, pp. 71–175.

373

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 5, pp. 54–6; no. 10, pp. 68–70; no. 11, pp. 72–4; no. 12, p. 74; no. 13, pp. 78–80.

374

UB des Erzstifts Magdeburg 1, ed. Friedrich Israel and Walter Mollenberg (Magdeburg, 1937), no. 421, pp. 554–6; Gesta archiepiscoporum Magdeburgensium, ed. Wilhelm Schum, MGH, SS 14 (Hanover, 1883), pp. 361–486, at p. 416.

375

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 17, p. 134.

376

ibid. 1, no. 23, p. 108.

377

ibid. 2, no. 30, pp. 164–6.

378

Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden, p. 250; Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte 3 (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 7/3, Breslau, 1886), no. 2251, p. 179 (Zator, 1292).

379

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 109, p. 412.

380

Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden, p. 250.

381

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 7, p. 62.

382

ibid. 1, no. 150, p. 546.

383

ibid. 2, no. 84, p. 320.

384

Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 1, p. 333; cf. p. 153 and n. 402.

385

Emilio Saez (ed.), 'Fueros de Puebla de Alcocer у Yebenes', Anuario de historia del derecho espanol 18 (1947), pp. 432–41, at p. 438.

386

Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden, p. 247.

387

Lacarra, no. 374 (1154).

388

ibid., no. 275.

389

Gonzalez, Repoblacion 2, p. 50; Saez, 'Fueros de Puebla de Alcocer у Yebenes', p. 438; cf. Gonzalez, Repoblacion 2, p. 191, n. 120.

390

ibid. 2, p. 188; Diccionario de la lengua espanola, ed. Real Academia de Espafia (19th ed., Madrid, 1970), p. 1360, s.v.

391

Walter Kühn, 'Bauernhofgrossen in der mittelalterlichen Nordostsiedlung', in his Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung (Cologne and Vienna, 1973), pp. 53–111.

392

Косминский Е.А Исследования по аграрной истории Англии XIII века. М. — Л., 1947.

393

Robert Fossier, La terre et les hommes en Picardie jusqu'a la fin de XIIIе siècle (2 vols., Paris and Louvain, 1968) 2, p. 647.

394

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 95, pp. 356 — S.

395

ibid. 1, no. 129, p. 478.

396

Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden, pp. 234–8.

397

Level of dues in Silesia: Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden, p. 236.

398

Postan, Medieval Economy and Society, p. 125

399

Fossier, La terre et les hommes en Picardie 2, pp. 637–40.

400

Reginald Lennard, Rural England, 1086–1135: A Study of Social and Agrarian Conditions (Oxford, 1959), p. 1.

401

Richard Hoffmann, Land, Liberties and Lordship in a Late Medieval Countryside: Agrarian Structures and Change in the Duchy of Wroclaw (Philadelphia, 1989), p. 127.

402

Gonzalez, Repoblacidn 2, pp. 48–9.

403

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 45, p. 202 (Silesia, 1319).

404

Kevin Down, “The Agricultural Economy of Colonial Ireland', in New History of Ireland 2: Medieval Ireland, 1169–1534, ed. Art Cosgrove (Oxford, 1987), pp. 450 — SI, at p. 465.

405

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 96, p. 364.

406

Font Rius, Cartas de poblacion 1/i, no. 327 (1274).

407

Coleccion de fueros..., ed. Mufloz у Romero, pp. 512–13 (1134).

408

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 10, p. 88 (1221); Stanislaw Trawkowski, 'Die Rolle der deutschen Dorfkolonisation und des deutschen Rechtes in Polen im 13. Jahrhundert', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.), Die deutsche Ostsiedlung als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 349–68, at p. 362, n. 38.

409

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 80, p. 306 (1290).

410

Hoffmann, Land, Liberties and Lordship in a Late Medieval Countryside, chapter 4, 'Locare iure Tneutonico: Instrument and Structure for a New Institutional Order', pp. 61–92; Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden, pp. 229–81.

411

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 95, pp. 356–8.

412

Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden, p. 233, n. 351.

413

Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der Sudetenlander 1, ed. Wilhelm Weizsacker (Munich, 1960), no. 19, p. 47 (1254 for Police [Politz]).

414

Lacarra, no. 51 (1126).

415

Coleccion de fueros..., ed. Munoz у Romero, pp. 512–13 (1134).

416

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 139, p. 524 (1247).

417

Lacarra, no. 391 (1174).

418

Suez (ed.), 'Fueros de Puebla de Alcocer у Yebenes', p. 439.

419

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 95, p. 364.

420

ibid. 2, no. 3, p. 76.

421

ibid. 1, no. 50, pp. 212–14.

422

Lacarra, no. 17 (1120)

423

Recueil des historiens des croisades. Lois 2, pp. 528–9, no. 4.

424

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 28, pp. 160–62.

425

Schlesisches UB 3, no. 43, pp. 39–40; ibid. 1, no. 254, pp. 185–6; ibid. 2, no. 86, pp. 56–7.

426

Helbig & Weinrich 1, nos. 1–12, 14, 18, 24–6, pp. 42–76, 80–82, 92–4, 114–24; ibid. 2, no. 67, p. 258 (1266); ibid. 2, no. 75, p. 286; ibid. 2, nos. 41–2, pp. 192–6.

427

Lacanrra, no. 51,

428

Coleccion de fueros..., ed. Munoz у Romero, pp. 512–13; ibid., p. 421(1127).

429

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 102, p. 388.

430

'Francos et ingenues', etc.: Coleccion de fueros..., ed. Mufloz у Romero, pp. 512–13.

431

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 139, p. 524 (1247).

432

Gonzalez, Repoblacion 2, pp. 141–2, n. 359.

433

José María Font Rius (ed.), Cartas de poblacion у franquicia de Cataluna (2 vols., Madrid and Barcelona, 1969) 1, no. 287, pp. 416–19.

434

Schlesisches UB, ed. Heinrich Appelt and Winfried Irgang (4 vols, to date, Graz, Cologne and Vienna, 1963 —), 2, no. 128, pp. 83–4; Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 20, p. 140; Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis, ed. H. Markgraf and J.W. Schulte (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 14, Breslau, 1889), p. 6.

435

Annales Pegavienses, ed. Georg Heinrich Pertz, MGH, SS 16 (Hanover, 1859), pp. 232–70, at pp. 246–7.

436

Cartulario de Sont Cugat del Vallus, ed. Jose Rius Serra (3 vols., Barcelona, 1945–7), 2, p. 112, no. 464; Font Rius (ed.), Cartas de poblacion 1/2, pp. 681–2.

437

Pierre Bonnassie, La Catalogue de milieu du Xe a la fin du XIe siècle (2 vols., Toulouse, 1975) 1, p. 123 and map on p. 124.

438

Chronicle 15.25, ed. R.B.C. Huygens (2 vols.. Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 63–63A, Turnhout, 1986), 2, p. 708.

439

Recueil des historiens des croisades, Lois 2 (Paris, 1843), pp. 528–9, no. 44; Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), pp. 119–26; Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Knights of St John in Jerusalem and Cyprus с 1050–1310 (London, 1967), pp. 435–7.

440

Cartularies de Santo Domingo de la Calzada, ed. Agustin Ubieto Arteta (Saragossa, 1978), no. 99, p. 82.

441

Annales Wratislavienses antique and Annales magistratus Wratislaviensis, ed. Wilhelm Amdt, MGH, SS 19 (Hanover, 1866), pp. 526–31, at p. 528.

442

Frutolfi et Ekkehardi Chronica пес поп Anonymi Chronica imperatorum, ed. Franz-Josef Schmale and Irene Schmale-Ott (AQ 15, Darmstadt, 1972), p. 198; Annales Pegavienses, MGH, SS 16, p. 247.

443

Цит. по кн.: Helmold of Bosau, Chronica Slavorum 1.57, ed. Heinz Stoob (АО 19, Darmstadt, rev. ed., 1973), p. 210. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд Славянская хроника. М., 1963, 299 с.)

444

ibid. 1.89, ed. Stoob, p. 312.

445

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 19, pp. 96–102.

446

Gesta Friderici I imperatoris 1.32, ed. Georg Waitz and Bemhard von Simson (SRG, Hanover and Leipzig, 1912), pp. 49–50.

447

De profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem 2, ed. and tr. Virginia G. Berry (New York, 1948), p. 32.

448

Цит. по кн.: Helmold, Chronica Slavorum 1.64, ed. Stoob, pp. 224–6. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд Славянская хроника. М., 1963.)

449

Alfonso Garcia-Gallo, 'Los Fueros de Toledo', Anuario de bistorta del derecho espanol 45 (1975), pp. 341–488, at p. 475.

450

UB des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischofe 2, ed. H. Hoogeweg (Hanover and Leipzig, 1901), no. 445, pp. 208–10.

451

Miracula sancti Annonis 2.43, ed. Mauritius Mittler (Siegburg, 1966–8), p. 114.

452

ibid., no. 932, pp. 467–8 (1253).

453

Miracula sancti Annonis 2.43, ed. Mauritius Mittler (Siegburg, 1966–8), p. 114.

454

Codex diplomatics Brandenburgensis, ed. Adolph Friedrich Riedel (41 vols., Berlin, 1838–69), A 18, sect. 7, no. 3, pp. 442–3 (Neumark, 1298).

455

Walter Kühn, 'Flamische und frankische Hufe als Leitformen der mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung', in Ms Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung (Cologne and Vienna, 1973), pp. 1–51.

456

Fritz Curschmarm, Die deutschen Ortsnamen im Norddeutschen Kolonialgebiet (Stuttgart, 1910), p. 41, n. 4.

457

Hans K. Schulze, 'Die Besiedlung der Mark Brandenburg im hohen und spaten Mttelalter', Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands 28 (1979), pp. 42–178, at p. 127.

458

Helbig & Weinrich 2, nos. 49–52, pp. 214–24.

459

ibid. 2, no. 31, p. 168.

460

ibid. 2, no. 9, p. 88.

461

Pommersches UB 2 (Stettin, 1881–5, repr. Cologne and Graz, 1970), no. 616, p. 27.

462

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 100, pp. 378–84.

463

Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A 1, sect. 7, no. 9, p. 458.

464

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 32, p. 170.

465

Kühn, 'Flamische und frankische Hufe', p. 3.

466

Цит. по кн.: Helmold, Chronica Slavorum 1.92, ed. Stoob, p. 318. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд, Славянская хроника. М., 1963); Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 82, p. 316 (Rflgen, 1221); 2, no. 98, p. 374.

467

Псалом 78:55.

468

Kühn, 'Flamische und frankische Hufe', p. 4; Schlesisches UB 4, no. 278, p. 188 (1276).

469

Цит. по кн.: Helmold, Chronica Slavorum 1.92, ed. Stoob, p. 318 (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд, Славянская хроника.М., 1963.) 1.84.

470

Liber fundationis... Heinrichow 1.9, ed. Grodecki, p. 296; Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 13, p. 118.

471

Preussisches UB (6 vols, to date, Königsberg and Marburg, 1882 —) 1/i, no. 283, pp. 214–15.

472

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 121, pp. 448–50.

473

ibid. 1, no. 143, pp. 524–30.

474

Henri Bresc, 'Feodalite coloniale en terre d'Islam: La Sicile (1070–1240)', in Structures feodales et feodalisme dans Г Occident mediterraneen (Xe-XIIIe s.) (Paris, 1980), pp. 631–47, p. 635.

475

Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 1, p. 159.

476

Lacarra, nos. 5–6 (1103, 1105).

477

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 22, p. 144.

478

Gonzalez, Repoblacion 2, p. 184.

479

Lacarra, nos. 91 (1138), 138 (1127).

480

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 20, p. 140 (1237).

481

ibid. 2, no. 96, p. 366 (1265).

482

ibid. 2, no. 96, p. 366 (1265).

483

Helbig & Weinrich 2, nos. 95 (1252), 98 (1291), pp. 360–64, 372–6.

484

Gonzalez, Repoblacion 2, p. 168; Lacarra, no. 216 (1140).

485

Lacarra, no. 127 (1125).

486

Helbig & Weinrich 2, nos. 47–8, pp. 210–14 (1236).

487

ibid. 2, no. 25, p. 154 (Silesia, 1250).

488

ibid. 2, no. 95, pp. 362–4 (1252).

489

Jean Gautier-Dalche, 'Moulin a eau, seigneurie, communaute rurale dans le nord de l'Espagne (IXe — XIIe siècles)', in Etudes de civilisation medievale, IXe — XII siècles: Melanges offerts a Edmond-Rene Labande (Poitiers, 1974), pp. 337–49, at p. 340.

490

Robert Fossier La terre et les hommes en Picardie jusqu'a la fin de XIIIe siècle (2 vols., Paris and Louvain, 1968) 2, p. 448.

491

Lacarra, no. 4 (1102).

492

Helbig & Weinrich 2, nos. 106–9, pp. 402–12 (1256–70).

493

ibid. 1, no. 131, p. 484.

494

Siegfried Epperlein, Bauembedrückung und Bauemwiderstand im hohen Mittelalter: Zur Erforschung der Ursachen bauerlichen Abwanderung nach Osten im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1960).

495

Osnabnicker UB 2, ed. F. Philippi (Osnabruck, 1896), no. 380, pp. 298–9.

496

UB des Hochstifts Hildesheim 2, no. 795, pp. 403–4 (1247).

497

Historia monasterii Rastedensis 35, ed. Georg Waitz, MGH, SS 25 (Hanover, 1880), pp. 495–511, at p. 509.

498

Walter Kiinn, 'Die Siedlerzahlen der deutschen Ostsiedlung', in Studium Sociale: Karl Valentin Müller dargebracht (Cologne and Opladen, 1963), pp. 131–54; idem, 'Ostsiedlung und Bevolkerungsdichte', in Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung (Cologne and Vienna, 1973), pp. 173–210.

499

A.J. Otway-Ruthven, “The Character of Norman Settlement in Ireland', in J.L. McCracken (ed.). Historical Studies 5 (London, 1965), pp. 75–84, at pp. 77, 83 (cf. her A History of Medieval Ireland (2nd ed., London, 1980), pp. 113–16); RE. Glasscock, 'Land and People c. 1300', in New History of Ireland 2: Medieval Ireland, 1169–1534, ed. Art Cosgrove (Oxford, 1987), pp. 205–39, at p. 213.

500

Gerald of Wales, Expugnatio Hibemica 1.3, 16, ed. A.B. Scott and F.X. Martin (Dublin, 1978), pp. 30, 64.

501

Geoffrey Martin, 'Plantation Boroughs in Medieval Ireland, with a Handlist of Boroughs to с 1500', in David Harkness and Mary O'David (eds.). The Town in Ireland (Historical Studies 13, Belfast, 1981), pp. 25–53.

502

J.A. Watt, The Church and the Two Nations in Medieval Ireland (Cambridge, 1970), esp. chapters 3 and 8: idem, The Church in Medieval Ireland (Dublin, 1972), pp. 87–109.

503

Rotuli chartarum in turn Londinensi asservati (1199–1216), ed. T.D. Hardy (London, 1837), p. 96 (1200).

504

Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III (1247–51) (London, 1922), p. 480.

505

Rotuli litterarum clausarum in turn Londinensi asservati (1204–27), ed. T.D. Hardy (2 vols., London, 1833–44), 1, p. 394.

506

Red Book of Ormond, ed. Newport B. White (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1932), pp. 1–17, 19–83, 127–35, 145–58.

507

ibid., pp. 25–7.

508

ibid., pp. 33–4, 153;

509

Red Book of Ormond, ed. White, pp. 64–7.

510

ibid., pp. 34–41, 41–5, 46–7, 74–83; CA Empey, 'Conquest and Settlement: Patterns of Anglo-Norman Settlement in North Munster and South Leinster', Irish Social and Economic History Journal 13 (1986), pp. 5–31, pp. 26–7 and n. 67.

511

Red Book of Ormond, ed. White, pp. 108–11.

512

Thomas McErlean, “The Irish Townland System of Landscape Organization', in Terence Reeves-Smyth and Fred Hamond (eds.), Landscape Archaeology in Ireland (British Archaeological Reports, British Series 116, Oxford, 1983), pp. 315–39, at p. 317, table 1; T. Jones Hughes, 'Town and Baile in Irish Place-Names', in Nicholas Stephens and Robin E. Glasscock (eds.), Irish Geographical Studies in Honour of E. Estyn Evans (Belfast, 1970), pp. 244–58.

513

Els Furs de Valencia 35, ed. Rafael Gayano-Uuch (Valencia, 1930), p. 206.

514

Ulrich Bentzien, Haken und Pflug (Berlin, 1969); Walter Ktihn, 'Der Pflug als Betriebseinheit in Altpreussen' and 'Der Haken in Altpreussen', in his Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung (Cologne and Vienna, 1973), pp. 113–40, 141–71; Andre G. Haudricourt and Mariel Jean-Brunhes Delamarre, L'homme et la charme a trovers le monde (4th ed., Paris, 1955).

515

Цит. по кн.: Helmold, Chronica Slavorum 1.12, 14.88, ed. Stoob, pp. 70, 74, 312. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд Славянская хроника. М., 1963.)

516

Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Lowen, ed. Karl Jordan, MGH, Laienfursten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit (Leipzig and Weimar, 1941–9), no. 41, pp. 57–61; Mecklenburgisches UB (25 vols, in 26, Schwerin and Leipzig, 1863–1977) 1, no. 65, p. 58; ibid., no. 375, p. 376 (c. 1230).

517

Pommersches UB 6 (Stettin, 1907, repr. Cologne and Graz, 1970), no. 3601, pp. 110–11 (1322).

518

Schlesisches UB 1, no. 82, p. 54 (1202).

519

Preussisches UB, 1/i, no. 74, pp. 54–5.

520

Codex diplomaticus Warmiensis 1, ed. Can Peter Woekly and Johann Martin Saage (Mainz, 1860), no. 42, pp. 79–80.

521

Kong Valdemars Jordebog, ed. Svend Aakjaer (3 vols., Copenhagen, 1926–1943), 2, pp. 50–52.

522

Pommeisches UB 5 (Stettin, 1905, repr. Cologne and Graz, 1970), no. 3234, pp. 408–15.

523

Preussisches UB 1/i, no. 105, pp. 77–81, p. 80; ibid. 1/i, no. 74, pp. 54–5; ibid. 1/ii, no. 612, pp. 387–8; ibid. 1/ii, no. 67, pp. 62–3.

524

Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae, ed. Ignacy Zakrzewski and Franciszek Piekosinski (5 vols., Poznan, 1877–1908), 1, no. 402, pp. 354–5.

525

Preussisches UB 1/ii, no. 366, pp. 247–51, p. 248.

526

UB zur Geschichte der Herzoge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande 1, ed. H. Sudendorf (Hanover, 1859), no. 122, pp. 75–6.

527

Codex diplomaticus Warmiensis 1, no. 214, pp. 366–8 (1323).

528

Preussisches UB 1/i, no. 140, p. 105 (1242).

529

ibid. 1/i, no. 74, pp. 54–5; ibid. 1/i, no. 105, pp. 77–81, p. 80; ibid. 1/ii, no. 366, pp. 247–51, p. 248.

530

Visitationes bonorum archiepiscopatus пес поп capituli Gnesnensis saeculi XVI, ed. Boleslaw Ulanowski (Cracow, 1920), p. 365.

531

Schlesisches UB 1, no. 164, p. 117 (1217).

532

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 1, p. 72.

533

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 40, p. 178; Preussisches UB 1/i, no. 74, pp. 52–4 (Prussia, 1230).

534

Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A 10, no. 9, p. 75 (1173).

535

Honorius III, 18 April 1220, Etsi поп sic, Po. 6229; Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB, ed. F.G. von Bunge et al. (1st sen, 12 vols., Reval and Riga, 1853–1910), 1, no. 51, col. 54.

536

Mecklenburgisches UB 1, no. 255, p. 240 (1219); Helbig & Weinrich, 1, no. 82, p. 316 (1221); Helmold, Chronica Slavorum 1. 47, 55, 71, ed. Stoob, pp. 182, 204, 252. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд, Славянская хроника, М., 1963.

537

Liber fundationis... Heinrichow 2, preface, ed. Grodecki, p. 309; cf. Genesis 3:19: In sudore vultus fui vesceris pane. См. также: Piotr Gorecki, Economy, Society and Lordship in Medieval Poland, 1100–1250 (New York and London, 1992).

538

'Rocznik lubiąski 1241–1281, oraz wiersz о pierwotnych zakonniach Lubiąza' [Versus lubenses], ed. August Bielowski, MPH 3 (Lwów, 1878, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 707–10, at pp. 709–10; см. также: Slownik Laciny redniowiecznej w Polsce I, ed. Mariana Plezi (Wroclaw, etc., 1953–8), p. 1158.

539

John Elliott, 'The Discovery of America and the Discovery of Man', Proceedings of the British Academy 58 (1972), pp. 101–25, p. 112.

540

'Rocznik lubiaąski...' ed. Bielowski, p. 710; также см.: Gorecki, Economy, Society and Lordship.

541

Codex iuris Bohemici, ed. Hermenegild Jiricek (5 vols, in 12, Prague, 1867–98), 2/2, p. 145 (Majestas Carolina 49); ibid., pp. 145–50 (clauses 49–57).

542

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 2, p. 46.

543

H.E. Hallam, Settlement and Society: A Study of the Early Agrarian History of South Lincolnshire (Cambridge, 1965), p. 166.

544

M.M. Postan, The Medieval Economy and Society (London, 1972), pp. 57, 66.

545

Andrew M. Watson, Towards Denser and More Continuous Settlement: New Crops and Fanning Techniques in the Early Middle Ages', in J.A. Raftis (ed.). Pathways to Medieval Peasants (Toronto, 1981), pp. 65–82, at p. 69.

546

Helmut Wurm, 'Korpergrosse und Ernahrung der Deutschen im Mittelalter' in Bernd Herrmann (ed.), Mensch und Umwelt im Mittelalter (Stuttgart, 1986), pp. 101–8.

547

Об археол. раскопках в Вост. Германии, Ирландии и Центральной Европе см.: Eike Gringmuth-Dallmer, Die Entwicklung der frühgeschichtlichen Kulturlandschaft auf dem Territorium der DDR unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Siedlungsgebiete (Berlin, 1983), p. 68; Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.). Das Havelland im Mittelalter (Berlin, 1987), p. 79; ТВ. Barry, The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland (London, 1987), p. 72; Walter Janssen, 'Dorf und Dorfformen des 7. bis 12. Jahrhunderts im Lichte neuer Ausgrabungen in Mittel- und Nordeuropa', in Herbert Jankuhn et al. (eds.). Das Dorf der Eisenzeit und des frühen Mittelalters (Abhandlungen der Akadamie der Wissenchaft in Gottingen, philosophisch-historische Klasse, 3rd ser., 101, 1977), pp. 285–356, at p. 341.

548

Vladimir Nekuda, 'Zum Stand der Wüstungsforschung in Mahren (CSSR)', Zeitschrift für Archaologie des Mittelalters 1 (1973), pp. 31–57, passim.

549

Peter Wade-Martins, “The Origins of Rural Settlement in East Anglia', in P.J. Fowler (ed.). Recent Work in Rural Archaeology (Bradfordupon-Avon, 1975), pp. 137–57; idem, 'The Archaeology of Medieval Rural Settlement in East Anglia', in Mchael Aston et al. (eds.). The Rural Settlements of Medieval England (Oxford, 1989), pp. 149–65, at pp. 159–60.

550

Martin Born, Geographie der landlichen Siedlungen 1: Die Genese der Siedlungsformen in Mitteleuropa (Stuttgart, 1977), inserts after p. 156.

551

Edward Miller and John Hatcher, Medieval England: Rural Society and Economic Change 1086–1348 (London, 1978), p. 87.

552

напр.: Brian K. Roberts, The Green Villages of County Durham (Durham, 1977).

553

J.G. Hurst, 'The Changing Medieval Village in England', in JA Raftis (ed.). Pathways to Medieval Peasants (Toronto, 1981), pp. 27–62, pp. 51, 48 and plan 2. 8.

554

Wolfgang Prange, Siedlungsgeschichte des Landes Lauenburg im Mittelalter (Neumunster, 1960), pp. 166–7 and map 45.

555

Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, p. 86.

556

Егоров Д.Н. Колонизация Мекленбурга в XIII веке. Т. 1. М, 1915, с. 506.

557

См. по этой проблеме сборник статей: Hans-Jurgen Nitz (ed.). Historisch-genetische Siedlungsforschung (Darmstadt, 1974), part 3: 'Die Rundlingsfrage'.

558

О поселениях такого типа см.: Hans-Jurgen Nitz, 'The Church as Colonist: The Benedictine Abbey of Lorsch and Planned Waldhufen Colonization in the Odenwald', Journal of Historical Geography 9 (1983), pp. 105–26.

559

Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Place Names (4th ed., Oxford, 1960), pp. xxui, 49 and 136.

560

Adolph Bach, Deutsche Namenkunde (2nd ed., 3 vols., Heidelberg, 1952–6) 2/ii, p. 126.

561

ibid., pp. 129–36.

562

ibid., p. 125.

563

Цит. по кн.: Helmold, Chronica Slavorum 1. 12, ed. Stoob, p. 68. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд Славянская хроника. М., 1963.)

564

Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis, p. 168; Helbig and Weinrich 2, no. 39, p. 188.

565

Liber fundationis... Heinrichow 1. 3, ed. Grodecki, p. 257; Helbig and Weinrich 2, no. 13, p. 104.

566

См.: Adriaan von Müller, 'Zum hochmittelalterlichen Besiedlung des Teltow (Brandenburg): Stand eines mehrjahrigen archaologischsiedlungsgeschichtlichen Forschungsprogrammes', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.). Die deutsche Ostsiedlung als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 311–32.

567

Последнее издание Ратцебургского реестра см.: Hans Wurm in Hans-Georg Kaack and Hans Wurm, Slawen und Deutsche im Lande Lauenburg (Ratzeburg, 1983), pp. 137–205; факсимильная копия включена в кн.: Егоров Д.Н. Колонизация Мекленбурга в XIII веке; фрагменты содержатся также в кн.: Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 63, pp. 260–66.

568

Cartae et alia munimenta... de Glamorgan, ed. George T. Clark (6 vols., Cardiff, 1910), 1, no. 151, p. 152; Davies, Conquest, pp. 153, 188.

569

Annales Pegavienses, MGH, SS 16, p. 247.

570

Charles Higounet, Die deutsche Ostsiedlung im Mittelalter (Berlin, 1986), p. 110; cf. p. 252.

571

Gonzalez, Repoblacion 1, p. 172; 2, pp. 271–99.

572

Repartimiento de Sevilla, ed. Julio Gonzalez (2 vols., Madrid, 1951), 1, pp. 251–3; 2, pp. 14,18–19.

573

Herbert Helbig, 'Die slawische Siedlung im sorbischen Gebiet', in Herbert Ludat (ed.), Siedlung und Verfassung der Slawen zwischen Elbe, Saale und Oder (Giessen, 1960), pp. 27–64.

574

Schlesisches UB, ed. Heinrich Appelt and Winfried Irgang (4 vols, to date, Graz, Cologne and Vienna, 1963 —), 3, no. 103, p. 75 (Gtogow [Glogau], 1253).

575

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 87, pp. 328–33.

576

R.E. Glasscock, 'England circa 1334', in H.C. Darby (ed.), A New Historical Geography of England before 1600 (Cambridge, 1976), pp. 136–85, at p. 139 (fig. 35) and 178 (fig. 40).

577

G. Jacob (ed.), Arabische Berichte von Gesandten an germanische Fürstenhofe aus dem 9. und 10. Jahrhundert (Berlin and Leipzig, 1927), p. 12.

578

Jifi Kejf, 'Die Anfange der Stadtverfassung und des Stadtrechts in den Bohmischen Landern', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.). Die deutsche Ostsiedlung des Mittelalters als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 439–70.

579

Gearoid MacNiocaill, Na Buirgeisi (2 vols., Dublin, 1964) 1, pp. 78–81, and Elenchus fontium historiae urbanae 2/2, ed. Susan Reynolds et al., (Leiden, etc., 1988), pp. 162–5; Na Buirgeisi, pp. 75–7, Elenchus fontium, pp. 161–2.

580

Geoffrey Martin, 'Plantation Boroughs in Medieval Ireland, with a Handlist of Boroughs to с 1500', in David Harkness and Mary O'David (eds.). The Town in Ireland {Historical Studies 13, Belfast, 1981), pp. 25–53.

581

Karl Hoffmann, 'Die Stadtgriindungen Mecklenburg-Schwerins in der Kolonisationszeit vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert', Jahrbuch für mecklenburgische Geschichte 94 (1930), pp. 1–200; Walter Kühn, 'German Town Foundations of the Thirteenth Century in Western Pomerania', in H.B. Clarke and Anngret Simms (eds.). The Comparative History of Urban Origins in Non-Roman Europe (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 255, 2 vols., Oxford, 1985) 2, pp. 547–80, at p. 569.

582

John Bradley, 'Planned Anglo-Norman Towns in Ireland', in Clarke and Simms (eds.). Comparative History 2, pp. 411–67, at p. 420.

583

Henri Bresc, 'Feodalite coloniale en terre d'Isiam: La Sicile (1070–1240)', in Structures feodales et feodalisme dans l'Occident mediterraneen (Xe-XIIIe s.) (Paris, 1980), pp. 631–47, at p. 644.

584

Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB, ed. F.G. von Bunge et al. (1st ser., 12 vols.. Reval and Riga, 1853–1910), 1, no. 53, col. 57 (1221).

585

Alfonso Garcia-Gallo, 'Los Fueros de Toledo', Anuario de historia del derecho espanol 45 (1975), pp. 341–488, doc. 8, at pp. 469–71.

586

Domesday Book, ed. Abraham Parley (2 vols., London, 1783), 1, fol. 269.

587

Mary Bateson, “The Laws of Breteuil”, English Historical Review 15 (1900), pp. 73–8, 302–18, 496–523, 754–7; 16 (1901), pp. 92–110, 332–45.

588

Das alte Lübische Recht, ed. Johaim Friedrich Hach (Lubeck, 1839), p. 185.

589

Codex iuris municipalis regni Bohemiae 2, ed. Jaromir Celakovsky (Prague, 1895), p. 38.

590

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 15, pp. 124–31 (1235); Lawrence of Wroclaw for Walter, ibid., 2, no. 22, pp. 144–7.

591

Zbigniew Zdrojkowski, 'Miasta na prawie Sredzkim', Sląski kwartalnik historyczny Sobotka 41 (1986), pp. 243–51.

592

Coleccion de fueros municipales у cartas pueblos de los reinos de Costilla, Leon, Corona de Aragon у Navarra, ed. Tomas Mufloz у Romero (Madrid, 1847), p. 243; Fuero de Jaca, ed. Mauricio Molho (Saragossa, 1964).

593

Schlesisches UB 3, no. 373, pp. 241–2.

594

Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der Sudetenlander 1, ed. Wilhelm Weizsacker (Munich, 1960), no. 23, pp. 52–4; см. также список литературы в кн.: Helbig & Weinrich, 2, p. 61, п. 4.

595

Wilhelm Ebel (ed.), Lubecker Ratsurteile (4 vols., Göttingen, 1955–67).

596

Narcisco Hergueta, 'El Fuero de Logroflo: su extensidn a otras poblaciones', Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia 50 (1907), pp. 321–2.

597

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 41, pp. 192–5.

598

Andre Joris, Huy et sa charte de franchise, 1066 (Brussels, 1966).

599

Kejf, 'Die Anfange der Stadtverfassung', pp. 461–2.

600

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), p. 137; Raimund Friedrich Kaindl, Geschichte der Deutschen in den Karpathenlandem (3 vols.. Gotha, 1907–11) 2, p. 405; Т.Н. Parry-Williams, The English Element in Welsh (Cymmrodorion Record Series 10, London, 1923), p. 155.

601

E.M. Cams-Wilson, “The First Half-Century of the Borough of Stratford-upon-Avon', Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 18 (1965), pp. 46–63.

602

Fuero de Logrono, ed. T. Moreno Garbaya, Apuntes historicos de Logrono (Logrono, 1943), pp. 42–9.

603

Cronicas anonimas de Sahagun 15, ed. Antonio Ubieto Arteta (Textos medievales 75, Saragossa, 1987), pp. 19–21.

604

Lacarra, no. 187.

605

Cronica del rey don Alfonso X 11, in Cronicas de los reyes de Costilla 1 (Biblioteca de autores espafloles 66, Madrid, 1875), pp. 1–66, at p. 9.

606

См. хартию об основании города Сьюдад Реал в кн.: Margarita Penalosa Esteban-Infantes, La fundacion de Ciudad Real (Ciudad Real, 1955), pp. 9–11; cf. Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Castillo la Nueva (2 vols, Madrid, 1975–6) 1, pp. 349–50.

607

План города см.: ibid. 2, p. 95.

608

Jose Maria Font Rius (ed.), Cartas de poblacion у franquicia de Cataluna (2 vols., Madrid and Barcelona, 1969) 1, no. 49, pp. 82–4.

609

Primera cronica general de España 1071, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal (2 vols., Madrid, 1955), 2, p. 747.

610

См. карту в кн.: Repartamiento de Sevilla, ed. Julio Gonzalez (2 vols., Madrid, 1951), 1, opposite p. 314.

611

Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae, ed. Gustavus Friedrich et al. (5 vols, to date, Prague, 1904 —). 2, no. 381, p. 429; Kejf, 'Die Anfange der Stadtverfassung', p. 458.

612

Annates capituli Cracoviensis (Rocznik Kapitulny Krakowski), ed. August Bielowski, MPH 2 (Lwów, 1872, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 779–816, at p. 806.

613

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 77, pp. 290–96.

614

ibid. 1, no. 69, pp. 276–9.

615

Mecklenbwrgisches UB (25 vols, in 26, Schwerin and Leipzig, 1863–1977) 3, no. 2100, pp. 402–4 (1291); 4, no. 2503, pp. 58–5 (1298).

616

Hoffmann, 'Die Stadtgriindungen Mecklenburg-Schwerins', p. 68.

617

The Dublin Guild Merchant Roll с 1190–1265, ed. Philomena Connolly and Geoffrey Martin (Dublin, 1992), pp. 1–39.

618

Claude Cahen, 'Un texte peu connu relatif au commerce oriental d'Amalfi au Xe siècle'. Archivio storico per le province napoletane, n.s., 34 (1955 for 1953–4), pp. 61–6.

619

G.L.F. Tafel and G.M. Thomas (eds.), Urkunden zur alteren Handelsund Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig (3 vols., Fontes rerum Austriacarum II, 12–14, Vienna, 1856–7) 1, no. 40, pp. 79–89; William of Tyre, Chronicle 12.25, ed. R.B.C. Huygens (2 vols.. Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 63–63. Tumhout, 1986), 1, pp. 577–81.

620

Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), p. 232, n. 40; Nicolas Morosini: ibid., pp. 226–7.

621

Wilhelm Heyd, Histoire du commerce du Levant au Moyen Age (2 vols., Leipzig, 1885–6) 1, p. 397.

622

Tafel and Thomas, Urkunden... der Republik Venedig 2, no. 232, pp. 143–5; Freddy Thiriet, La Romanie venitienne au Moyen Age: Le developpement et l'exploitation du domaine colonial venitien (XII–XTV s.) (Paris, 1959), pp. 125–6, n. 3.

623

Tafel and Thomas, Urkunden… der Republik Venedig 3, no. 350, pp. 56–9, at p. 57.

624

Edith Ennen, Die europaische Stadt des Mittelalters (4th ed., Göttingen, 1987), p. 132.

625

Heinrich Hagenmeyer (ed.), Epistulae et chartae ad historiam primi belli sacri spectantes (Innsbruck, 1901), no. 13, pp. 155–6.

626

David Abulafia, The Two Italics (Cambridge, 1977), p. 255.

627

George Pachymeres, De Michaele et Andronico Palaeologis, ed. Immanuel Bekker (2 vols.. Corpus scriptorum historiae Byzantinae 24–5, Bonn, 1835), 1, pp. 419–20.

628

Cornelio Desimoni (ed.), 'I conti dell'ambasciata al chan di Persia nel 1292', Atti della Societa ligure di storia patria 13/3 (1879), pp. 537–698, at pp. 608, 614; Michael Baiard, La Romanie genoise (XIIe-debut du XVe siècle) (2 vols., Rome, 1978) 1, pp. 134, 138.

629

Baiard, La Romanie genoise 1, pp. 154–5.

630

ibid. 1, Trois autres genes' (i.e. Caffa, Pera and Chios), title to chapter 4.

631

ibid. 1, pp. 199–202, 235–48, 339–41; Michel Balard (ed.), Genes et l'Outremer I: Les actes de Coffa du notaire Lamberto di Sambuceto 1289–90 (Paris, 1973).

632

Balard, La Romanie genoise 1, pp. 202–14, 250, 289–302; Giorgio Fedalto, La Chiesa Latina in Oriente (2nd ed., 3 vols., Verona, 1981) 2, pp. 61–3.

633

О продолжительности плавания из Венеции и Генуи см.: Thiriet, La Romanie venitienne, p. 187; Balard, La Romanic genoise 1, pp. 473–4; 2, pp. 76–85. Об особенностях навигации и морских путей Средиземноморья см.: John H. Pryor, Geography, Technology and War: Studies in the Maritime History of the Mediterranean, 649–1571 (Cambridge, 1988).

634

John H. Pryor, Geography, Technology and War: Studies in the Maritime History of the Mediterranean, 649–1571 (Cambridge, 1988).

635

Suzanne Lewis, The Art of Matthew Paris in the 'Chronica Majora' (Berkeley, etc., 1987), p. 350, fig. 214; Itineraires a Jerusalem, ed. Henri Michelant and Gaston Raynaud (Publications de la Societe de l’Orient latin. Serie geographique 3, Geneva, 1882), pp. 136–7.

636

Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 340 (Tashrif).

637

Robert S. Lopez and Irving W. Raymond (eds.). Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean (New York, 1955), doc. 158, p. 322; Balard, La Romanie genoise, index s.v. 'Negro (di)'.

638

Gunther Fehring, “The Archaeology of Early Lübeck: The Relation between the Slavic and the German Settlement Sites”, in H.B. Clarke and Anngret Simms (eds.). The Comparative History of Urban Origins in NonRoman Europe (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 255, 2 vols., Oxford, 1985) 1, pp. 267–87.

639

Цит. по кн.: Helmold, Chronica Slavorum, 1.48; 1.57; 1.71; 1.63; 1.76; 1.86 ed. Stoob. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд Славянская хроника. М., 1963.)

640

ibid 2.21; Wilhelm Ebel, Lubisches Recht (Lübeck, 1971).

641

Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Lowen, Herzogs von Sachsen und Bayem, ed. Karl Jordan, MGH, Laienfursten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit (Leipzig and Weimar, 1941–9), no. 15, pp. 9–10; Hansisches UB 1, ed. Konstantin Hohlbaum (Halle, 1876), no. 17, p. 10.

642

Detlev Ellmers, “The Cog of Bremen and Related Boats”, in Sean McGrail (ed.). The Archaeology of Medieval Ships and Harbours in Northern Europe (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 66, Oxford, 1979), pp. 1–15, at pp. 9–11; Siegfried Fliedner and Rosemarie PohlWeber, The Cog of Bremen (Eng. tr., 3rd ed., Bremen, 1972).

643

Georg Lechner (ed.), Die hansischen Pfundzollisten des Jahres 1368 (Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte, n.s., 10, Lübeck, 1935), p. 66.

644

Livlandische Reimchronik, lines 127–228, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderbom, 1876), pp. 4–6.

645

Цит. по кн.: Livonia, Chronicon Livoniae, 4.5, 5.1, ed. Leonid Arbusow and Albert Bauer (АО 24, Darmstadt, 1959), pp. 18–20. (Имеется рус. издание: Генрих Латвийский. Хроника Ливонии, М. — Л., 1938, 4.5, 5.1.)

646

Friedrich Benninghoven, Rigas Entstehung und der Frühhansische Kaufmann (Hamburg, 1961), pp. 41–7.

647

Hansisches UB 1, no. 88, p. 38; of 1225: ibid. 1, no. 194, pp. 60–61.

648

Benninghoven, Rigas Entstehung, plates opposite pp. 80, 105.

649

Liv-, esth-, und curlandisches UB 6, no. 2717, cols. 4–6.

650

Benninghoven, Rigas Entstehung, pp. 54–62, 98–100, 105–9.

651

Liselotte Feyerabend, Die Rigauer und Revaler Familiennamen im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert (Cologne and Vienna, 1985), p. 149.

652

Цит. по кн.: Henry of Livonia, Chronicon Livoniae, 9.4, ed. Arbusow and Bauer, p. 38. (Имеется рус. издание: Генрих Латвийский. Хроника Ливонии, М. — Л., 1938.)

653

Rerum Hungaricarum monumenta Arpadiana, ed. S.L. Endlicher (St Gallen, 1849), pp. 399–400.

654

Regino of Prani, Epistula ad Hathonem archiepiscopum missa, ed. Friedrich Kurze, Reginonis chronicon (SRC, Hanover, 1890), pp. xix — xx.

655

Statutes and Ordonances and Acts of the Parliament of Ireland: King John to Henry V, ed. Henry F. Berry (Dublin, 1907), p. 210; Kenneth H. Jackson (ed.), A Celtic Miscellany (rev. ed., Harmondsworth, 1971), p. 218; Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 19, p. 98; Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr., Berkeley and London, 1969), pp. 200–201 (Baha' ad-Din).

656

Etymologies 9.1.1, ed. W.M. Lindsay (2 vols.. Oxford, 1911, unpaginated).

657

Claudius Marius Victor, Alethia 3, line 274, ed. Cari Schenkl, Poetae Christiani minores 1 (Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum 16/1, Vienna, etc., 1888), pp. 359–436, at p. 416.

658

Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae 1.68, ed. J. Emler, Fontes rerum Bohemicarum 4 (Prague, 1884), pp. 1–337, at p. 83.

659

Edouard Perroy, L'Angleterre et le Grand Schisme d'Occident (Paris, 1933), pp. 394–5.

660

Chronicon Aulae Regiae 2.23, ed. Emier, p. 301; Latinitatis Medii Aevi Lexicon Bohemiae: Slovnik Stredoveke Latiny v Ceskych Zemich (Prague, 1977 —), pp. 910–11.

661

Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana 3: Analecta Vaticana, ed. Jan Ptasnik (Cracow, 1914), no. 247, p. 278.

662

Pommerellisches UB, ed. Max Perlbach (Danzig, 1881–2), no. 492, pp. 442–3 (1292).

663

Register of the Abbey of St Thomas Dublin, ed. John T. Gilbert (RS, 1889), nos. 36, 269, 302, pp. 37, 224, 258; T. Jones Hughes, Town and Baile in Irish Place-Names', in Nicholas Stephens and Robin E. Glasscock (eds.), Irish Geographical Studies in Honour of E. Estyn Evans (Belfast, 1970), pp. 244–58.

664

Ramon Menendez Pidal (ed.), Documentes lingiiisticos de Espana 1 (Madrid, 1919, repr. 1966), p. 353.

665

Widukind of Corvey, Res gestae Saxonicae 2.36, ed. Albert Bauer and Reinhold Rau, Quellen zur Geschichte der sachsischen Kaiserzeit (АО 8, rev. ed.. Darmstadt, 1977), pp. 1–183, at p. 118.

666

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), pp. 37–56, 192, 223–4.

667

Gearoid Iarla, ed. Gear6id MacNiocaill, 'Duanaire Ghearoid Iarla', Studio Hibemica 3 (1963), pp. 7–59.

668

Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Cuiscardi ducis fratris eius 4.2, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum schptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), p. 86.

669

William of Apulia, La geste de Robert Guiscard 1, lines 165–8, ed. Marguerite Mathieu (Palermo, 1961), p. 108.

670

John Boswell The Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities under the Crown of Aragon in the Fourteenth Century (New Haven, 1977), pp. 74, n. 41, 384; Book of Fees (2 vols, in 3, London, 1920–31) 1, p. 146; Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. Hubert Hall (3 vols., RS, 1896), 2, p. 454 (Wrenoc ap Meurig, 1212); Constance Bullock-Davies, Professional Interpreters and the Matter of Britain (Cardiff, 1966).

671

Walter Kaestner, 'Mittelniederdeutsche Elemente in der polnischen und kaschubischen Lexik', in P. Sture Ureland (ed.). Sprachkontakt in der Hanse Akten des 7. Intemationalen Symposions iiber Sprachkontakt in Europa, Lubeck 1986 (Tubingen, 1987); pp. 135–62; Т.Н. Parry-Williams, The English Element in Welsh (Cymmrodorion Record Series 10, London, 1923), pp. 68, 76–7, 155; Rees Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford, 1987), p. 104); J.N. Hillgarth, The Spanish Kingdoms 1250–1516 (2 vols., Oxford, 1976–8) 1, p. 185.

672

Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, ed. Adolph Friedrich Riedel (41 vols., Berlin, 1838–69), A 22, p. 114; Statutes … of the Parliament of Ireland: King John to Henry V, pp. 434–5 (clause 3); Glamorgan County History 3: The Middle Ages, ed. T.B. Pugh (Cardiff, 1971), p. 359. Подробнее этот вопрос рассматривается в Гл.11.

673

Thietmar of Merseburg, Chronicon 3.21, ed. Werner Trillmich (AQ 9, Darmstadt, 1957), p. 108.

674

Heinz Zatschek, 'Namensanderungen und Doppelnamen in Bohmen und Mahren im hohen Mittelalter', Zeitschrift für Sudetendeutsche Geschichte 3 (1939), pp. 1–11, at p. 10.

675

Angel Gonzalez Palencia, Los mozarabes toledanos en los siglos XII у XIII fvolumen preliminar' and 3 vols., Madrid, 1926–30), vol. prel, p. 123.

676

Frantisek Graus, Die Nationenbildung der Westslawen im Mittelalter (Nationes 3, Sigmaringen, 1980), pp. 21, 93.

677

Rees Davies, 'Race Relations in Post-Conguest Wales', Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (1974–5), pp. 32–56, at p. 34.

678

Davies, Conquest, p. 17.

679

Gearoid MacNiocaill, Na Buirgeisi (2 vols., Dublin, 1964) 2, no. 77, pp. 351–2 (1279–80).

680

Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Knights of St. John in Jerusalem and Cyprus с 1050–1310 (London, 1967), pp. 283–4.

681

Regesta diplomatica пес поп epistolario Bohemiae et Moraviae, ed. K.J. Erben, J. Ernler et al. (7 vols., to date, Prague, 1854 —), 2, no. 1106, pp. 466–8.

682

Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae 1.68, ed. Ernler, p. 83.

683

Lites ac res gestae inter Polonos Ordinemque Cruciferorum (2nd ser., 3 vols., Poznan and Warsaw, 1890–1935) 1, p. 163.

684

Ranald Nicholson, 'A Sequel to Edward Brace's Invasion of Ireland', Scottish Historical Review 42 (1963), pp. 30–40, at pp. 38–9; Geoffrey Barrow, Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (2nd ed., Edinburgh, 1982), p. 434.

685

Walter Bower, Scotichronicon 12.32, ed. D.E.R. Watt, 6 (Aberdeen, 1991), p. 402.

686

William Stubbs (ed.). Select Charters (9th ed., Oxford, 1913), p. 480.

687

Annales capituli Cracoviensis (Rocznik Kapitulny Krakowski), ed. August Bielowski, MPH 2 (Lwow, 1872, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 779–816, at p. 815.

688

Karl Gottfried Hugelmann, 'Die Rechtsstellung der Wenden im deutschen Mittelalter', Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Germanistische Abteilung 58 (1938), pp. 214–56, at p. 238.

689

Historical Manuscripts Commission, 10th Report, appendix 5 (London, 1885), pp. 260–61, no. 8; cf. the Statutes of Kilkenny of 1366, Statutes of the Parliament of Ireland: King John to Henry V, pp. 434–5 (clause 3).

690

Perroy, L'Angleterre et le Grand Schisme, pp. 394–5 (cf. p. 403).

691

James Lydon, 'The Middle Nation', in idem (ed.), The English in Medieval Ireland (Dublin, 1984), pp. 1–26, at pp. 22–3.

692

Historical Manuscripts Commission, Wth Report, app. 5, p. 308.

693

William R. Schmalstieg, Studies in Old Prussian (University Park, Pa., 1976), esp. pp. 68–97; idem. An Old Prussian Grammar University Park, Pa., 1974), p. 3, for the quotation.

694

Reinhold Olesch (ed.). Fontes linguae dravaeno-polabicae minores et Chronica Venedica J.P. Schultzii (Cologne and Graz, 1967), p. 165.

695

Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 2, pp. 87–90.

696

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 93, p. 352.

697

Pomerellisches UB, no. 159, pp. 133–4.

698

Friedrich Lotter, 'The Scope and Effectiveness of Imperial Jewry Law in the High Middle Ages', Jewish History 4 (1989), pp. 31–58, at pp. 48–9.

699

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 36, p. 158.

700

Coleccion de fueros municipales у cartas pueblos de los reinos de Castillo, Leon, Corona de Aragon у Navarro, ed. Tomas Mufloz у Romero (Madrid, 1847), p. 537 (1142).

701

Das alte Lubische Recht, ed. Johann Friedrich Hach (Lubeck, 1839), p. 302, no. 110 (contrast p. 206, no. 68); Gustav Korlen (ed.), Norddeutsch Stadtrechte 2: Das mittelniederdeutsche Stadtrecht von Lubeck nach seinen gltesten Formen (Lund and Copenhagen, 1951), p. 104 (clause 75); Wilhelm Ebel, Lubisches Recht (I) (Lttbeck, 1971), pp. 275–6; Wolfgang Zom, 'Deutsche und Undeutsche in der stadtischen Rechtsordnung des Mittelalters in Ost-Mitteleuropa', Zeitschrift für Ostforschimg 1 (1952), pp. 182–94, at p. 184.

702

Les assises de Romanie 198, ed. Georges Recoura (Paris, 1930), p. 282.

703

Alfonso Garcia-Gallo, 'Los Fueros de Toledo', Anuaiio de historia del derecho espanol 45 (1975), pp. 341–488.

704

ibid., app., doc. 1, p. 460.

705

ibid., doc. 3, p. 463.

706

Gonzalez, Repoblacion 2, pp. 94–6; Maria Luz Alonso, 'La perduracion del Fuero Juzgo у el Derecho de los castellanos de Toledo', Anuario de historia del derecho espanol 48 (1978), pp. 335–77, p. 345 with n. 29.

707

Garcia-Gallo, 'Los Fueros de Toledo', doc. 6, p. 467.

708

Luz Alonso, 'El Fuero Juzgo', pp. 346–9, and doc. 1, pp. 374–5.

709

Coleccion de fueros ed. Muftoz у Romero, pp. 415–17.

710

Boswell, Royal Treasure, p. 131, n. 79 (1348).

711

Las Siete Partidas 7.24. 1, ed. Real Academia de la Historia (3 vols., Madrid, 1807), 3, p. 676.

712

Rees Davies, 'The Law of the March', Welsh History Review 5 (1970–71), pp. 1–30, at p. 4; см. также: R. Bartlett, Gerald of Wales 1146–1223 (Oxford, 1982), pp. 41–2; and the Statute of Wales, Statutes of the Realm (11 vols., Record Commission, 1810–28) 1, pp. 55–68 (12 Edward I), at p. 68.

713

Davies, 'Law of the March', p. 16; idem., Lordship and Society in the March of Wales 1282–1400 (Oxford, 1978), pp. 149–75, 'Judicial Lordship', and pp. 310–12.

714

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 138, p. 520.

715

Coleccion de fueros, ed. Munoz у Romero, pp. 415–17.

716

Jose Maria Font Rius (ed.), Cartas de poblacion у franquicia de Cataluna (2 vols., Madrid and Barcelona, 1969) 1/i, no. 303, pp. 444–6.

717

Francisco Fernandez у Gonzalez, Estado social у politico de los mudejares de Costilla (Madrid, 1866), p. 119, n. 2.

718

Helbig & Weinrich 1, nos. 132 (1286), 141 (1351), pp. 488–90, 522.

719

Fernandez у Gonzalez, Estado de los mudejares, doc. 24, p. 325.

720

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 93, p. 354.

721

Heibig & Weinrich 2, no. 77, p. 294; цит. actor forum rei, etc. взята из Codex Iustinianus 3.13.2 and 3.19.3, ed. Paul Krueger (Corpus iuris civilis 2, Berlin, 1895), pp. 128–9, и была включена в Декреталии Григория ГХ; см.: Gregory IX's Decretals 2.2.5, ed. Emil Friedberg (Corpus iuris canonici 2, Leipzig, 1881), col. 249 (из послания Александра III). Происхождение этой цитаты автору любезно помог установить Ричард Гельмгольц.

722

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 93, p. 354.

723

Sachsenspiegel, Landrecht 3.69–70, ed. Karl August Eckhardt (Germanenrechte, n.s., Göttingen, 1955), pp. 254–6.

724

Coleccion de fueros, ed. Mufloz у Romero, pp. 415–17.

725

Iura Prutenorum 18, ed. Jozef Matuszewski (Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu: Fontes 53, Torun, 1963), p. 29; Reinhard Wenskus, Ausgewahlte Aufsatze zum frühen und preussischen Mittelalter, ed. Hans Patze (Sigmaringen, 1986), p. 422.

726

Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB, ed. F. G. von Bunge et al. (1st ser., 12 vols., Riga and Reval, 1853–1910), 1, no. 435, cols. 549–50; no. 437, col. 551 (1273).

727

Fueros de Sepulveda, ed. Emilio Suez (Segovia, 1953), p. 74 (Tuero romanceado' 41).

728

Mecklenburgisches UB (25 vols, in 26, Schwerin and Leipzig, 1863–1977) 14, no.8773, p.616.

729

Rotuli chartarum in turn Londinensi osservati (1199–1216), ed. T.D. Hardy (London, 1837), p. 172 (cf. Davies, 'Race Relations', p. 34); Iura Prutenorum 89, ed. Matuszewski, p. 49.

730

Thomas Glick, Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages (Princeton, 1979), p. 191.

731

Historical Manuscripts Commission, 10th Report, app. 5, p. 323.

732

Sachsenspiegel, Landrecht 3. 71, ed. Eckhardt, pp. 256–7.

733

Richard Siebert (ed.), 'Elf ungedruckte Urkunden aus einem im Herzoglichen Haus- und Staatsarchiv zu Zerbst befindlichen Nienburger Copiale', Mitteilungen des Vereins für Anhaltinische Geschichte und Altertumskunde 9 (1904), pp. 183–94, at pp. 190–91.

734

Wales: Rees Davies, 'The Twilight of Welsh Law, 1284–1506', History 51 (1966), pp. 143–64, at p. 160.

735

Breslauer UB 1, ed. G. Kom (Breslau, 1870), no. 121, pp. 110–11.

736

Codex iuris Bohemici, ed. Hermenegild Jiricek (5 vols, in 12, Prague, 1867–98), 2/2, p. 125 (Majestas Carolina 19).

737

Roger of Wendover, Flores historiarum, ed. H.G. Hewlett (3 vols., RS, 1886–9), 2, p. 56; Geoffrey Hand, English Law in Ireland 1290–1324 (Cambridge, 1967), chapter 1, and Paul Brand, 'Ireland and the Literature of the Early Common Law', The Irish Jurist, n.s., 16 (1981), pp. 95–113.

738

Foedera, conventiones, litterae et acta publico, ed. Thomas Rymer (new ed., 4 vols, in 7 parts. Record Commission, 1816–69), 1.1, p. 266; cf. Calendar of the Patent Rolls (1232–47) (London, 1906), p. 488.

739

Rotuli litterarum clausarum in turn Londinensi osservati (1204–27), ed. T.D. Hardy (2 vols., London, 1833–44), 1, p. 497.

740

Hand, English Law, p. 1.

741

Bower, Scotichronicon 12.26–32, ed. Watt, 6, pp. 384–402; Hand, English Law, pp. 198–205.

742

Kenneth Nicholls, 'Anglo-French Ireland and After', Peritia 1 (1982), pp. 370–403, at pp. 374–6.

743

Hand, English Law, p. 199. Эпизод имел место в 1301 г.

744

Calendar of the Justiciary Rolls of Ireland (1295–1303), ed. James Mills (Dublin, 1905), pp. 121–3.

745

ibid., p. 14.

746

Katherine Walsh, A Fourteenth-Century Scholar and Primate: Richard Fitz Ralph in Oxford, Avignon and Armagh (Oxford, 1981), p. 334.

747

Statutes of the Parliament of Ireland: King John to Henry V, p. 210.

748

Bower, Scotichronicon 12.28, ed. Watt, 6, p. 390.

749

Hand, English Law, p. 202, цит. из документов дела 1301г.

750

Calendar of the Justiciary Rolls of Ireland (1295–1303), p. 156.

751

Calendar of Archbishop Alen's Register, ed. Charles McNeill (Dublin, 1950), pp. 103, 115.

752

Hand, English Law, p. 208; Foedera 2. 1, pp. 293–4.

753

Gearyid MacNiocaill, 'The Interaction of Laws', in James Lydon (ed.), The English in Medieval Ireland (Dublin, 1984), pp. 105–17, at pp. 106–7.

754

Statutes of the Realm 1, p. 68.

755

Preussisches UB (6 vols, to date, Königsberg and Marburg, 1882 —) 1/i, no. 218, pp. 158–65, at p. 159.

756

Iura Prutenorum 25, ed. Matuszewski, p. 31.

757

Codex iuris Bohemici 2/2, p. 167 {Majestas Carolina 82).

758

Das Magdeburg-breslauer systematische Schöffenrecht 3.1.4, ed. Paul Laband (Berlin, 1863), p. 55; Das alte Kulmische Recht 3. 4, ed. C.K. Leman (Berlin, 1838), p. 53.

759

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 66, p. 270.

760

ibid. 2, no. 25, p. 154.

761

AJ. Otway-Ruthven, “The Request of the Irish for English Law, 1277–80”, Irish Historical Studies 6 (1948–9), pp. 261–70, at p. 269; see also Aubrey Gwynn, 'Edward I and the Proposed Purchase of English Law for the Irish', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 10 (1960), pp. 111–27.

762

MacNiocaill, Na Buirgeisi 2, p. 336, n. 21; Geoffrey Hand, 'English Law in Ireland, 1172–1351', Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 23 (1972), pp. 393–422, p. 413 and n. 3.

763

Hand, English Law, p. 409.

764

Statutes of the Parliament of Ireland: King John to Henry V, p. 324.

765

Frederick Pollock and Frederic William Maitland, The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I (2nd ed., 2 vols., Cambridge, 1898, reissued 1968) 1, p. 91.

766

Mercedes Gaibrois de Ballesteros, Historia del reinado de Sancho TV de Costilla (3 vols., Madrid, 1922–8) 3, doc. 295, pp. 184–5.

767

Davies, “Twilight”; idem. Conquest, pp. 422–4; Oxford Book of Welsh Verse, ed. T. Parry (Oxford, 1962), p. 139.

768

Statutes of the Realm 3, pp. 563–9 (27 Henry VIII с 26), pp. 563, 567.

769

Сноска пропущена в оригинале.

770

Cosmas of Prague, Chronica Boemorum 2.23, cd. Bertold Bretholz (SRG, n.s., Berlin, 1923), p. 116.

771

Chronicon, ed. Wilhelm Wattenbach, MGH, SS 17 (Hanover, 1861), pp. 683–710, at p. 685.

772

Cosmas of Prague, Chronica Boemorum 1. 23, 31, ed. Bretholz, pp. 44–5, 56.

773

Symbolum Electorum 1.28, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 1, pp. 197–395, p. 306.

774

Honorius III, 20 June 1224, Cum olim fuisses, Po. 7272, and Cum olim venerabilis; Pontificia Hibernica: Medieval Papal Chancery Documents concerning Ireland 640–1261, ed. Maurice P. Sheehy (2 vols., Dublin, 1962–5), 1, nos. 167–8, pp. 253–5.

775

Frantisek Graus, Die Nationenbildung der Westslawen im Mittelalter (Nationes 3, Sigmaringen, 1980), p. 97, n. 78.

776

Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris 1, ed. Gustav Kohler (2nd ed., Gorlitz, 1856), no. 86, pp. 137–8.

777

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 85, pp. 324–6 (1237); Jürgen Petersohn, Dei siidliche Ostseeraum im kirchlich-politischen Kraftespiel des Reichs, Polens und Danemarks vom 10. bis 13. Jahrhundert (Cologne and Vienna, 1979), pp. 323–4.

778

UB des ehemaligen Cistercienserstiftes Goldenkron in Bohmen, ed. M. Pangerl (Fontes rerum Austriacarum II, 37, Vienna, 1872), no. 79, p. 146, n. 3.

779

Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae 1.68, ed. J. Emier, Fontes rerum Bohemicarum 4 (Prague, 1884), pp. 1–337, p. 84.

780

Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae, ed. Ignacy Zakrzewski and Franciszek Piekosinski (5 vols., Poznan, 1877–1908), 1, no. 551, pp. 510–15; of 1326: ibid. 2, no. 1061, p. 396.

781

Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana 3: Analecta Vaticana, ed. Jan Ptasnik (Cracow, 1914), pp. 82, 90, 86, 88–9, 87, 90, 92, 93, 84–5.

782

Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III (1216–32) (2 vols., London, 1901–3) 1, p. 23; cf. p. 22; J.A Watt, The Church and the Two Nations in Medieval Ireland (Cambridge, 1970), pp. 69–84; idem. The Church in Medieval Ireland (Dublin, 1972), pp. 100–109.

783

Ralph V Turner, Men Raised from the Dust: Administrative Service and Upward Mobility in Angevin England (Philadelphia, 1988), pp. 91–106; Rotuli chartarum in turn Londinensi asservati (1199–1216), ed. T.D. Hardy (London, 1837), p. 218.

784

Honorius III, 6 August 1220, Pervenit ad audientiam nostram, Po. 6323, and 26 April 1224, Sicut ea que rite, Po. 7227; Pontificia Hibernica, ed. Sheehy 1, nos. 140, 158, pp. 225, 245–6.

785

Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 2, p. 59 (1226); cf. Rotuli litterarum clausarum in turn Londinensi asservati (1204–27), ed. T.D. Hardy (2 vols., London, 1833–44), 2, pp. 29, 31 (1225).

786

J A Watt, 'English Law and the Irish Church: The Reign of Edward Г, in J.A Watt, J.B. Morrall and F.X. Martin (eds.), Medieval Studies presented to A Gwynn (Dublin, 1961), pp. 133–67, at pp. 150–51, n. 51; cf. Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (1171–1307), ed. H.S. Sweetman (5 vols., London, 1875–86), no. 2, p. 10.

787

Edouard Perroy, L'Angleterre et le Grand Schisme d'Occident (Paris, 1933), pp. 394–5.

788

Innocent III, 14 September 1204, Venientes ad apostolicam, Po. 2280; Registrum sive epistolae 7.128, PL, 214–16, at 215, cols. 417–19.

789

Расчеты сделаны на основании: Acta capitulomm generalium ordinis praedicatorum 1 (1220–1303), ed. Benedictus Maria Reichert (Monumenta ordinis fratrum praedicatorum historica 3, Rome and Stuttgart, 1898).

790

W. Moir Bryce, The Scottish Grey Friars (2 vols., Edinburgh and London, 1909), 1, pp. 5–15; Andre Callebaut, 'A propos du bienheureux Jean Duns Scot de Littledean', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 24 (1931), pp. 305–29, at p. 325.

791

Heinrich Finke (ed.), Ungedruckte Dominikanerbriefe des 13. Jahrhunderts (Paderbom, 1891), no. 15, pp. 59–60.

792

John Freed, The Friars and German Society in the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge, Mass., 1977), p. 72.

793

ibid., pp. 74–5.

794

Regesta diplomatica пес поп epistolario Bohemiae et Moraviae, ed. K.J. Erben, J. Emler et ей. (7 vols, to date, Prague, 1854 —), 2, no. 2505, p. 1078; Graus, Nationenbildung, p. 97, n. 79.

795

Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae 1, no. 551, p. 513. Brzesc: Graus, Nationenbildung, p. 122, n. 254. Roudnice: Regesta diplomatica nee поп epistolario Bohemiae et Moraviae 3, no. 2008, p. 782 (1333).

796

R.W. Southern, Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages (Harmondsworth, 1970), p. 255.

797

Aubrey Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval Religious Houses: Ireland (London, 1970), pp. 121–44.

798

Watt, Church and Two Nations, chapter 4, pp. 85–107, “The Crisis of the Cistercian Order in Ireland”; idem. The Church in Medieval Ireland, pp. 53–9; Barry O'Dwyer, The Conspiracy of Mellifont, 1216–1231 (Dublin, 1970).

799

Stephen of Lexington, Registrum epistolarum, ed. P. Bruno Griesser, Anatecta sacri ordinis Cisterciensis 2 (1946), pp. 1–118, at p. 51, no. 40; Barry O'Dwyer, Letters from Ireland 1228–1229 (Kalamazoo, Mch., 1982).

800

Registrum, p. 81, no. 85; p. 93, no. 95; cf. p. 92, no. 94; p. 47, no. 37; cf. pp. 57–8, 93, 102, nos. 52, 95, 104 (clause 40); p. 102, no. 104 (clause 40).

801

Dalimil Chronicle, ed. J. Jiricek, Fontes rerum Bohemicarum 3 (Prague, 1882), pp. 5–224, Di tutsch kronik von Behem tant (verse), and pp. 257–97, Die pehemische Cronica dewcz (prose); the Udalrich passage is verse 41, lines 25–38, pp. 83–4 (verse); section 30, p. 273 (prose).

802

Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Cuiscardi ducis fratris eius 3.13, ed Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum sciptores, n.s“ 5/1, Bologna, 1928), p. 64.

803

Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae 3.2, 12, ed. Elmer, pp. 320, 331.

804

Regesta diplomatica пес поп epistolario Bohemiae et Moraviae 2, no. 2245, pp. 973–5; 3, no. 893, pp. 351–2, no. 1046, pp. 403–4; Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae 1.126, ed. Emler, p. 228.

805

Chronicon principum Polonie 23, ed. Zygmunt Węclewski, MPH 3 (Lwow, 1878, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 421–578, at p. 497; Chronica Poloniae Maioris 72, ed. Brygida Kürbis, MPH, n.s., 8 (Warsaw, 1970), p. 88; cf. 88, p. 94.

806

Chronica Poloniae Maioris 116, ed. Kürbis, p. 105.

807

ibid. 156, ed. Kürbis, p. 124; see Paul Knoll, 'Economic and Political Institutions on the Polish-German Frontier in the Middle Ages: Action, Reaction, Interaction', in Robert Bartlett and Angus MacKay (eds.). Medieval Frontier Societies (Oxford, 1989), pp. 151–74, at p. 169.

808

Annales capituli Posnaniensis, ed. Brygida Kürbis, MPH, n.s., 6 (Warsaw, 1962), pp. 21–78, at pp. 54–5.

809

Francis of Prague, Cronicae Pragensis libri 111 3.12, ed. J. Emler, Fontes rerum Bohemicamm 4 (Prague, 1884), pp. 347–456, p. 426–7.

810

Ernst Schwarz, 'Die Volkstumsverhaltnisse in den Stadten Bohmens und Mahrens vor den Hussitenkriegen', Bohemia: Jahrbuch des Collegium Carolinum 2 (1961), pp. 27–111, fig. 1, p. 34.

811

Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae 3.2, ed. Emier, p. 320.

812

Filippo Buonaccorsi, alias Callimachus, Vita et mores Gregorii Sanocei, ed. Ludwik Finkel, MPH 6 (Cracow, 1893, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 163–216, at p. 179. Эту цитату автору любезно предоставил Петр Горецки.

813

Domesday Book, ed. Abraham Parley (2 vols., London, 1783), 1, fol. 252; see John Le Patourel, The Norman Empire (Oxford, 1976). pp. 38–40.

814

Michael Richter, Sprache und Cessellschaft im Mittelalter (Stuttgart, 1979), p. 190.

815

H.E. Shields, 'The Walling of New Ross — a Thirteenth-Century Poem in French', Long Room 12–13 (1975–6), pp. 24–33.

816

Rees Davies. Conquest, Coexistence and Change: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford, 1987), p. 166.

817

Calendar of Ancient Petitions relating to Wales, ed. William Rees (Cardiff, 1975), p. 439, no. 13,029; no Welshman ought...': ibid., p. 172, no. 5, 433.

818

Pommerellisches UB, ed. Max Perlbach (Danzig, 1881–2), no. 465, p. 416.

819

Raimund Friedrich Kaindl, Geschichte der Deutschen in den Karpathenlandem (3vols.. Gotha, 1907–11) 2, pp. 37–8; Manfred Hamann, Mecklenburgische Geschichte (MF 51, Cologne, 1968), p. 195.

820

Annales capituli Cracoviensis (Rocznik Kapitulny Krakowski), ed. August Bielowski, MPH 2 (Lwow, 1872, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 779–816, at p. 815; Annales Krasinsciani (Rocznik Krasinskich), ed. August Bielowski, MPH3 (Lwow, 1878, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 127–33, at p. 133.

821

Liber actorum, resignationum пес поп ordinationum civitatis Cracoviae, ed. Franciszek Piekosinski (Monumenta Medii Aevi historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia 4/1, Cracow, 1878), p. 28.

822

Liber actorum... Cracoviae, ed. Piekosinski, p. 39; Wolfgang Zom, 'Deutsche und Undeutsche in der stadtischen Rechtsordnung des Mittelalters in Ost-Mitteleuropa', Zeitschrift für Ostforschung 1 (1952), pp. 182–94, at p. 186.

823

Paul Johansen and Heinz von zur Mühlen, Deutsch und Undeutsch im mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Reval (Cologne and Vienna, 1973), p. 12; Reinhard Wenskus, 'Das Ordensland Preussen als Territorialstaat des 14. Jahrhunderts', in Hans Patze (ed.). Der Deutsche Territorialstaat im 14. Jahrhundertl (Vortrage und Forschungen 13, Sigmaringen, 1970), pp. 347–82, esp. p. 366, n. 81; idem, 'Der Deutsche Orden und die nichtdeutsche Bevolkerang des Preussenlandes mit besonderer Beracksichtigung der Siedlung', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.). Die deutsche Ostsiedlung als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 417–38, at pp. 422–3; Rees Davies, 'Race Relations in Post-Conquest Wales', Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (1974–5), pp. 32–56, at p. 45.

824

Dalimil Chronicle (German version), prose 49, ed. Jiricek, pp. 283–4; cf. verse 67, lines 4–46, pp. 139–40.

825

De Theutonicis bonum dictamen: ed. Wilhelm Wostry, 'Ein deutschfeindliches Pamphlet aus Bohmen aus dem 14. Jahrhundert', Mitteilungen des Vereins für Geschichte der Deutschen in Bohmen 53 (1914–15), pp. 193–238, at pp. 226–32. Уостри датирует документ 1325–50 годами, Граус (Graus, Nationenbildung, app. 14, pp. 221–3) — 1380–93.

826

Wemer Vogel, Der Verbleib der wendischen Bevolkerung in der Mark Brandenburg (Berlin, 1960), pp. 121–33.

827

Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, ed. Adolph Friedrich Riedel (41 vols., Berlin. 1838–69), A 20, pp. 350–51, no. 16 (1353), pp. 365–7, no. 38 (1387).

828

ibid., A 14, pp. 241–2 (Neustadt Salzwedel, 1428).

829

Vogel, Verbleib, pp. 127–8, n. 9; Dora Crete Hopp, Die Zunft und die Nichtdeutschen im Osten, insbesondere in der Mark Brandenburg (Marburg/Lahn, 1954), p. 98, n. 84.

830

Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB, ed. F.G. von Bunge et al. (1st ser., 12 vols., Reval and Riga, 1853–1910), 3, no. 1305, col. 642 (art. 7).

831

Das Ofner Stadtrecht 32, ed. Karl Mollay (Weimar, 1959), p. 70.

832

Katherine Walsh, A Fourteenth-Century Scholar and Primate: Richard FitzRalph in Oxford, Avignon and Armagh (Oxford, 1981), pp. 341–3.

833

Gearoid MacNiocaill, Na Buirgeisi (2 vols., Dublin, 1964) 1, pp. 245–6.

834

Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin 1, ed. John T. Gilbert (Dublin, 1889), p. 331 (1469).

835

Statutes and Ordonances and Acts of the Parliament of Ireland: King John to Henry V, ed. Henry F. Berry (Dublin, 1907), pp. 430–69.

836

Libellus de institutione morum, ed. J. Balogh, Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum 2 (Budapest, 1938), pp. 611–27, at p. 625.

837

Anonym/ deschptio Europae orientalis, ed. Olgierd Gorka (Cracow, 1916), p. 56; Johannes von Buch's gloss on Sachsenspiegel, Landrecht 3.70 — Sachsenpiegel, ed. Jacob Friedrich Ludovici (rev. ed., Halle, 1750), p. 555, note (b); Walter Bower, Scotichronicon 12.27, ed. D.E.R Watt, 6 (Aberdeen, 1991), p. 388; Aubrey Gwynn, “The Black Death in Ireland', Studies 24 (1935), pp. 25–42, at p. 31.

838

James I, Llibre dels feyts (Cronica) 437, ed. Josep Maria de Casacuberta (9 vols, in 2, Barcelona, 1926–62), 8, p. 26.

839

Aureum opus regalium privilegiorum civitatis et regni Valentie (Valencia, 1515, facsimile ed., Textes medievales 33, 1972), fol. 42 (p. 143); John Boswell, The Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities under the Crown of Aragon in the Fourteenth Century (New Haven, 1977), pp. 133–4, n. 83 (1316).

840

Francisco Fernandez у Gonzalez, Estado social у politico de los mudejares de Costilla (Madrid, 1866), doc. 77, p. 401; Juan Torres Fontes, 'Moros, judios у conversos en la regencia de Don Fernando de Antequera', Cuademos de historia de Espana 31–2 (I960), pp. 60–97.

841

Ifa Jeddih, Suma de los principales mandamientos у devedamientos de la ley у cunna, Memorial historico espanol 5 (Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, 1853), pp. 247–421, at p. 248; L.P. Harvey, Islamic Spain 1250–1500 (Chicago, 1990), pp. 78–97.

842

Об истории морисков см.: Antonio Dominguez Ortiz and Bernard Vincent, Historia de los moriscos (Madrid, 1978); Henry Charles Lea, The Moriscos of Spain (London, 1901).

843

William of Malmesbury, Gesta regum 4, ed. William Stubbs (2 vols., RS, 1887–9), 2, p. 396 (Urban II at Clermont).

844

Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana 2.20, RHC, Occ. 3, pp. 711–882, p. 751; 'the Roman Church which holds...': Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 1.5, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 152.

845

Gregory VII, Registrum 3.6*, ed. Erich Caspar (MGH, Epistolae selectae, 2, Berlin, 1920–23), p. 253.

846

John Mundy: Europe in the High Middle Ages (London, 1973), p. 26; 2-е изд.: 1991, p. 16.

847

Переписка св. Григория см.: Registrum 1.7; 1.11; 1.21а; 1.19; 7.14а; 2.13; 2.74; 7.4; 4.28 (cf. 1.7); 8.10; 7.11, ed. Caspar, pp. 11–12, 18, 35–6, 31–2, 485–6, 145, 236, 463, 343–7 (cf. 11–12), 528–30, 473–5.

848

Chronicon Burgense, s.a. 1078, ed. Enrique Flórez, España sagrada 23 (Madrid, 1767), pp. 305–10, at p. 309.

849

Gregory VII, Registrum 1.64, ed. Caspar, pp. 92–4; cf. 1.63, pp. 91–2.

850

ibid. 9.2, ed. Caspar, pp. 569–72.

851

Richard W Southern, Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages (Harmondsworth, 1970), pp. 106–9.

852

Alexander II, 18 October 1071, Apostolicae sedi, J.-L. 4691; Epistolae et decreta, ep. 80, PL 146, cols. 1279–430, at col. 1362; La documentacion pontificia basta Inocencio III, ed. Demetrio Mansilla (Rome, 1955), no. 4, p. 8; см.: Bernard F. Reilly, The Kingdom of Leyn-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109 (Princeton, 1988), pp. 95–6; Ramon Gonzalvez, 'The Persistence of the Mozarabic Liturgy in Toledo after AD 1080', in Bernard F. Reilly (ed.), Santiago, Saint-Denis and Saint Peter: The Reception of the Roman Liturgy in Leon-Castile in 1080 (New York, 1985), pp. 157–85, at p. 158, with rets, at p. 180, n. 3.

853

Данные приводятся по кн.: La documentacion pontificia, ed. Mansilla.

854

Pontificia Hibemica: Medieval Papal Chancery Documents concerning Ireland 640–1261, ed. Maurice P. Sheeny (2 vols., Dublin, 1962–5), 1, no. 2, pp. 7–8; The Epistolae Vagantes of Pope Gregory VII, ed. and tr. H.E.J. Cowdrey (Oxford, 1972), no. 57, pp. 138–40.

855

Rees Davies, Conguest, Coexistence and Change: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 191–2; AAM. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975), p. 259.

856

Registrum 1.17, ed. Caspar, p. 27.

857

ibid., ed. Caspar, p. 28.

858

Tertullian: Ad nationes 1.3.

859

Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius 3.30, ed. Ernesto Ponderi (Rerum itaticarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), p. 75.

860

Heinrich Hagenmeyer (ed.), Epistulae et chartae ad historiam primi belli sacri spectantes (Innsbruck, 1901), no. 16, pp. 161–5, at p. 164; Библия, Деяния 11:26.

861

William of Tyre, Chronicle 13.14, ed. R.B.C. Huygens (2 vols.: Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 63–63A, Turnhout, 1986), 1, p. 602.

862

Guibert de Nogent, Historia guae dicitur Gesta Dei per Francos 1.1, RHC, Occ. 4 (Paris, 1879), pp. 113–263, at p. 124; Thomas of Monmouth, The Life and Miracles of St William of Norwich 1.16; 2.4, ed. and tr. Augustus Jessopp and Montague Rhodes James (Cambridge, 1896), pp. 44, 71.

863

Innocent II, 27 July 1139, Quos dispensatio, J.-L. 8043; Epistolae et privilegia, ep. 416, PL 179, cols. 53–658, at cols. 478–9.

864

Alexander III, 5 July 1175, Benedictus Deus in donis suis, J.-L. 12504; Epistolae et privilegia, ep. 1183, PL 200, col. 1026.

865

Innocent III, 3 May 1199, Quanta debeat esse, Po. 686; Regestum Innocentii III papae super negotio Romani imperii, ed. Friedrich Kempt (Rome, 1947), no. 2, p. 8.

866

M. Монтень, Опыты 2.12, M., Наука, 1979.

867

Widukind of Corvey, Res gestae Saxonicae 1.15, ed. Albert Bauer and Reinhold Rau, Quellen zur Geschichte der sachsischen Kaiserzeit (AQ 8, rev. ed., Darmstadt, 1977), pp. 16–182, at p. 44; cf. Einhard, Vita Karoli Magni 7, ed. Reinhold Rau, Quellen zur karolingischen Reichsgeschichte 1 (AQ 5, Darmstadt, 1955), pp. 163–211, at p. 176.

868

Livlandische Reimchronik, line 3349, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderborn, 1876), p. 77.

869

Raymond of Aguilers, Liber (Historia Francorum gui ceperunt Iherusalem) 10, ed. John H. Hill and Laurita L Hill (Paris, 1969), pp. 72–3.

870

Gregory VII, Epistolae Vagantes, ed. Cowdrey, no. 65, p. 146; Arnold of Lflbeck, Chronica Slavorum 5.25–9, ed. Johann Martin Lappenberg (SRG, Hanover, 1868), p. 196.

871

Ambroise, L'estoire de la guerre sainte, line 42, ed. Gaston Paris (Paris, 1897), col. 2; Chanson de Roland, line 3392, ed. F. Whitehead (Oxford, 1942). p. 99.

872

Chanson d'Antioche laisse 9, lines 206–7, ed. Suzanne Duparc-Quioc (Paris, 1976), p. 27.

873

Baudri de Bourgueil, Historia Jerosolimitana, prologue, RHC, Occ. 4, pp. 1–111, at p. 10.

874

William of Rubruck, Itinerarium 16.5, ed. Anastasius van den Wyngaert, Sinica Franciscana 1: Itinera et relationes fratrum minorum saeculi XIII et XIV (Quaracchi, 1929), pp. 164–332, at p. 205.

875

Jean Kupp, L'idee de Chretiente dans la pensee pontificale des origines a Innocent III (Paris, 1939); Paul Rousset, 'La notion de Chretiente aux Xle et XIIe siècles'. Le Moyen Age, 4th ser., 18 (1963), pp.191–203.

876

Registrum 5.7, ed. Caspar, p. 358.

877

Walter Map, De nugis curialium 5.5, ed. and tr. M.R. James, rev. C.N.L. Brooke and RAB. Mynors (Oxford, 1983), p. 226; Ambroise, L'estoire de la guerre sainte, lines 18–19, ed. Paris, col. 1; Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Henry Richards Luard (4 vols., RS, 1872–7), 4, p. 430.

878

Honorius III, 19 April 1220, Personam tuam sincera, Po. 6230; Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB, ed. F.G. von Bunge et al. (1st ser., 12 vols., Reval and Riga, 1853–1910), 1, no. 52, col. 55.

879

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 4.29, ed. Pontieri, p. 108 (Urban II, 1098); Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Costilla en la epoca de Alfonso VIII (3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 1, p. 108 (1222); Peter of Dusburg, Chronica terre Prussie 3. 175, ed. Klaus Scholz and Dieter Wojtecki (AQ 25, Darmstadt, 1984), p. 294; Eugenius III, 1 December 1145, Quantum predecessores, J.-L. 8796; Epistolae et privilegia, ep. 48, PL 180, cols. 1013–1606, at col. 1064; Hagenmeyer (ed.), Epistulae, no. 18, pp. 171–2.

880

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 4.24, ed. Pontieri, p. 102.

881

Historia de translatione sanctorum Nicolai, etc. 40, RHC, Occ. 5, pp. 253–92, at p. 275/ Odo of Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem 5, ed. and tr. Virginia G. Berry (New York, 1948), p. 90; Ambroise, L'estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Paris, lines 2146, 2326, 5810, 8968, cols. 58, 63, 155, 240.

882

Raymund of Aguilers, Liber (Historia Francorum) 18, ed. Hill and Hill, p. 151.

883

Baudri de Bourgueil, Historia Jerosolimitana, RHC, Occ. 4, p. 9.

884

Honorius III, 8 February 1222, Ex parte venerabilis, Po. 6783; Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB 1, no. 55, cols. 58–9.

885

Robert of Clari, La conguete de Constantinople 18, ed. Philippe Lauer (Paris, 1924), p. 16 und passim.

886

Albert of Stade. Alexander of Bremen (Alexander Minorita), Expositio in Apocalypsim, ed. Alois Wachtel (MGH, Ouellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 1, Weimar, 1955), p. 349; Cambridge, University Library, MS Mm 5 31, fol. 113r.

887

Stephen de Salaniaco, De quattuor in quibus Deus Praedicatorum Ordinem insignivit 1.7, ed. T. Kaeppeli (Monumenta ordinis fratmm praedicatorum historica 22, Rome, 1949), p. 10.

888

30 May 1236, Cum exaltatione spiritus, Po. 10173; Preussisches UB (6 vols, to date, Königsberg and Marburg, 1882 —) 1, no. 125, pp. 94–5.

889

William of Rubruck, Itinerarium 16.3, 30.13, ed. van den Wyngaert, pp. 204, 282.

890

Honorius III, 2 January 1219, Exercitus christianus rem Po. 5956; Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB 1, no. 42, col. 47.

891

Matthew Paris, Historia Anglorum, ed. Frederic Madden (3 vols., RS, 1866–9), 1, p. 79.

892

Hagenmeyer (ed.), Epistulae, no. 18, p. 173.

893

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hiewsolymitana 1.13.4, ed. Hagenmeyer, pp. 202–3.

894

Hagenmeyer (ed.), Epistulae, no. 18, p. 168; Gonzalez, El reino de Costilla 3, no. 897, pp. 566–72 (Las Navas, 1212).

895

Hermann Kleber, 'Pelerinage — vengeance — conquete: la conception de la premiere croisade dans le cycle de Graindor de Douai', in Au carrefour des routes d'Europe: La chanson de geste (Xe Congres international de la Societe Rencesvals pour l'etude des epopees romanes, 2 vols., Aix-enProvence, 1987) 2, pp. 757–75, at p. 762.

896

Guibert de Nogent, Historia quae dicitur Gesta Dei per Francos 7.25, RHC, Occ. 4, p. 245.

897

ibid. 1.1, RHC, Occ. 4, p. 124.

898

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 9.1, ed. and tr. Marjorie Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford, 1968–80), 5, p. 4.

899

Odo of Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII 7, ed. Berry, p. 130.

900

Цит. по кн.: Geoffrey de Villehardouin, La conquete de Constantinople 8 (257), ed. Edmond Farai (2nd ed., 2 vols., Paris, 1961), 2, p. 62. (Имеется рус. издание: Ж. де Виллардуэн. Завоевание Константинополя. М., 1993).

901

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), p. 298.

902

Christopher Tyerman, England and the Crusades, 1095–1588 (Chicago, 1988), p. 117.

903

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 19, pp. 96–102.

904

Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum 14.3, ed. J. Olrik and H. Raeder (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1931–57), 2, p. 376.

905

Цит. по кн.: (Helmold of Bosau, Chronica Slavorum 1.62, ed. Heinz Stoob (AQ 19, Darmstadt, rev. ed., 1973), p. 220. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд, Славянская хроника, М., 1.62.)

906

Bull of Alexander HI, 11 September 1171, Nom parum animus noster, J.-L. 12118; Epistolae et privilegia, ep. 980, PL 200, cols. 860–61; Liv-, esthund curlandisches UB 1, no. 5, cols. 5–6.

907

Bull of Innocent HI, 5 October 1199, Sicut ecclesiasticae religionis (al. laesionsis), Po. 842; Registrum sive epistolae 2. 191, PL 214–16, at 214, cols. 739–40 (cf. PL 217, cols. 54–5, supplement, ep. 25); Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB 1, no. 12, cols. 13–15; Die Register Innocenz' III 2, ed. Othmar Hageneder et al. (Rome and Vienna, 1979), no. 182, pp. 348–9.

908

La regie du Temple, ed. Henri de Curzon (Paris, 1886), p. 11.

909

Richard of Poitou, Chronica (excerpts, with continuations), ed. Georg Waitz, MCG, SS 26 (Hanover, 1882), pp. 74–86, at p. 80.

910

Bernard of Clairvaux, De laude novae militiae 1.3, in J. Leclerq and H.M. Rochais (eds.). Opera 3 (Rome, 1963), pp. 205–39, at pp. 214, 217.

911

Alexander III, 25 September 1164, Justis petentium desideriis, J.-L. 11064; Epistolae et privilegia, ep. 273, PL 200, cols. 310–12.

912

Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr., Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 124.

913

Cartulaire general de l'ordre des Hospitaliers de St-Jean de Jerusalem, ed. J. Delaville Le Roulx (4 vols., Paris, 1894–1906), 1, no. 95, pp. 85–6; Elena Lourie, “The Will of Alfonso El Batallador. King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment”, Speculum 50 (1975), pp. 635–51; A.J. Forey, “The Will of Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre”, Durham University Journal 73 (1980), pp. 59–65; Lourie, “The Will of Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre: A Reply to Dr Forey”, and Forey, 'A Rejoinder', ibid. 77 (1985), pp. 165–72 and p. 173.

914

Friedrich Benninghoven, Der Order der Schwertbriider (Cologne and Graz, 1965), p. 81.

915

Liv-, esth- und curlandisches UB 1, nos. 16–18, cols. 22–5; cf. nos. 23 and 25, cols. 30–33.

916

Pommerellisches UB, ed. Max Perlbach (Danzig, 1881–2), no. 28, p. 24; Walter Kühn, Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur mittelalterlichen Ostsiedlung (Cologne and Vienna, 1973), pp. 142, 350, 427; Benninghoven, Der Order der Schwertbriider, pp. 8–9, 263–4; Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 2, p. 31, n. 120.

917

Mecklenburgisches UB (25 vols, in 26, Schwerin and Leipzig, 1863–1977) 1, no. 344, pp. 334–5 (a confirmation by his sons in 1227).

918

ibid. 25Д no. 13, 794, p. 33.

919

Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 68, p. 274.

920

Erik Fügedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Königreich Ungarn als Gastland', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.), Die deutsche Ostsiedlung als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 471–507, at p. 494; cf. p. 480: 'die Europaisierung Ungarns'.

921

Derek W Lomax, The Reconquest of Spain (London, 1978), pp. 56, 63.

922

Marie Therese Flanagan, 'Monastic Charters from Irish Kings of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries' (Unpublished MA thesis, University College, Dublin, 1972), p. 213.

923

Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae 6, ed. J. Emier, Fontesrerum Bohemicarum 4 (Prague, 1884), pp. 1–337, at p. 12.

924

Orderic Vitalis: Historia Ecclesiastica 13.45, ed. and tr. Marjorie Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford, 1968–80), 6, p. 554.

925

Heinz Zatschek, 'Namensanderungen und Doppelnamen in Bohmen und Mahren im hohen Mittelalter', Zeitschrift für Sudetendeutsche Geschichte 3 (1939), pp. 1–11, at pp. 3–4.

926

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 8.22, ed. Chibnall, 4, p. 272.

927

Victoria County History of Shropshire 2 (London, 1973), p. 5.

928

Grosser historischer Weltatlas 2: Mittelalter, ed. Bayerisch SchulbuchVerlag (rev. ed., Munich, 1979), map 68a: 'Die Verenrung des HI. Remigius'.

929

Charles Higounet, 'Les saints merovingiens d'Aguitaine dans la toponymie', in his Paysages et villages neufs du Moyen Age (Bordeaux, 1975), pp. 67–75.

930

Geoffrey of Durham, Vita Bartholomaei Famensis 1, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882–5), pp. 295–325, at p. 296.

931

Christopher Brooke, 'The Composition of the Chapter of St Paul's, 1086–1163', Cambridge HistohcalJoumal 10 (1951), pp. 111–32.

932

Gillian Fellows Jensen, “The Names of the Lincolnshire Tenants of the Bishop of Lincoln c. 1225', in Otium et negotium: Studies in Onomatology and Library Science presented to Olof von Feilitzen (Acta Bibliothecae Regiae Stockholmiensis 16, Stockholm, 1973), pp. 86–95.

933

Eadmer, Life of St Anselm ed. and tr. R.W. Southern (London, etc., 1962), p. 51; иная точка зрения сформулирована в кн.: Susan Ridyard 'Condigna veneratio: Post-Conquest Attitudes to the Saints of the Anglo-Saxons', in Anglo-Norman Studies 9 (1986), ed. R. Allen Brown, pp. 179–206; David Rollason, Saints and Relics in Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford, 1989), pp. 217–38.

934

Margaret Gibson, Lanfranc of Bee (Oxford, 1978), pp. 170–72.

935

Gesta abbatum monasterii sancti Albani, ed. Henry T. Riley (3 vols., RS, 1867–9), 1, p. 62.

936

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Vita Ethelberti, ed. Montague R. James, 'Two Lives of St Ethelbert, King and Martyr', English Historical Review 32 (1917), pp. 222–36, at pp. 235–6.

937

Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III (1237–42) (London, 1911), p. 227 (1240) (Edward); Red Book of Ormond, ed. Newport B. White (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1932), p. 48 (David).

938

Edmond de Coussemaker (ed.), Documents relatifs a la Flandre maritime (Lille, 1860), pp. 65–6 (Clementia of Banders for Watten, 1097); Heinrich Hagenmeyer, Chronologie de la premiere croisade 1094–1100 (reprint in one vol., Hildesheim and New York, 1973), p. 50, no. 103; St George: Continuatio Aquicinctina of Sigebert of Gembloux, ed. Ludwig Bethmann, MGH, SS 6 (Hanover, 1844), pp. 268–474, at p. 395.

939

L'estoire d'Eracles empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer, RHC, Occ. 2, pp. 1–481, at p. 209; La continuation de Guillaume de Тут (1184–1197) 155, ed. Margaret R. Morgan (Documents relatifs a l'histoire des croisades 14, Paris, 1982), p. 169 (see also p. 168).

940

Walter of Coventry, Memoriale, ed. William Stubbs (2 vols., RS, 1872–3), 2, p. 242 (the 'Barnwell Chronicle').

941

Rees Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change:Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 181–2, 207; Wendy Davies, The Uandaff Charters (Aberystwyth, 1979), p. 20.

942

Julia Smith, 'Oral and Written: Saints, Miracles and Relics in Brittany, с 850–1250', Speculum 65 (1990), pp. 309–43, at pp. 336–7.

943

AAM. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975), pp. 628–9; Handbook of British Chronology, ed. E.B. Fryde et al. (3rd ed., London, 1986), pp. 56–8, 500–501, 503, and, for the descendants of Matad, earl of AthoU, Liber vitae ecclesiae Dunelmensis, ed. A Hamilton Thompson (facsimile ed., Surtees Society 136, 1923), fol. 60; Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980), p. 159, n. 80; Manfred Hamann, Mecklenburgische Geschichte (MF 51, Cologne, 1968).

944

Wolfgang Fleischer, Die deutschen Personennamen (Berlin, 1964), p. 51; idem, 'Die Namen der Dresdener Ratsmitglieder bis 1500', Beitruge zur Namenforschung 12 (1961), pp. 44–87.

945

Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 2, pp. 78–85; Brut у Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), p. 65 (s.a. 1110); Егоров Д.Н. Колонизация Мекленбурга в XIII веке, т. 1, М., 1915.

946

Michel Parisse, 'La conscience chretienne des nobles aux Xle et XIIe siècles', in La cristianita dei secoli XI e XII in occidente: Coscienza e strutture di una societu (Miscellanea del Centro di studi medioevali 10, Milan, 1983), pp. 259–80, at p. 263.

947

Cosmas of Prague, Chronica Boemorum 1.34, ed. Berthold Bretholz (SRG, n.s., Berlin, 1923), p. 60; Gerlach of Muhlhausen, Chronicon, ed. Wilhelm Wattenbach, MGH, SS 17 (Hanover, 1861), pp. 683–710, p. 708.

948

Canonici Wissegradensis continuatio (to Cosmas of Prague), ed. Rudolf Корке, MGH, SS 9 (Hanover, 1851), pp. 132–48, at p. 133.

949

Fügedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Königreich Ungarn', p. 497, n. 78.

950

Erika Tidick, 'Beitrage zur Geschichte der Kirchenpatrozinien im Deutsch-Ordensland Preussen bis 1525', Zeitschrift für die Geschichte and Altertumskunde Ermlands 22 (1926), pp. 343–464.

951

Gonzalez, Repoblacion 2, p. 253.

952

Robert I. Burns, The Crusader Kingdom of Valencia: Reconstruction on a Thirteenth-Century Frontier (2 vols., Cambridge, Mass., 1967) 1, pp. 92–7.

953

Theodor Penners, Untersuchungen tiber die Herkunft der Stadtbewohner im Deutsch-Ordensland Preussen bis in die Zeit um 1400 (Leipzig, 1942), p. 11; Anna Rutkowska-Plachcinska, 'Les prenoms dans le sud de la France aux XUIe et XIVe siècles', Acta Poloniae Historica 49 (1984), pp. 5–42, at p. 7.

954

Arthur Suhle, Deutsche Münz- und Geldgeschichte von den Anfangen bis zum 15. Jahrhundert (2nd ed., Berlin, 1964); Stanislaw Suchodolski, Początki mennictwa w Europie środkowej, wschodniej i polnocnej (Wroclaw, 1971) (English summary, pp. 249–57); idem, Mennictwo Polskie w XI i XII wieku (Wrocław, etc., 1973) (English summary, pp. 144–52); Kirsten Bendixen, Denmark's Money (Copenhagen, 1967), pp. 7–22; Peter Spufford, Money and its Use in Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1988), esp. chapters 4 and 8; Rolf Sprandel, Das mittelaltediche Zahlungssystem nach Hansisch-Nordischen Quellen des 13. — 15. Jahrhunderts (Stuttgart, 1975), map 1 and pp. 163–93.

955

Gwyn Jones, A History of the Vikings (Oxford, 1968), p. 117.

956

William O'Sullivan, The Earliest Anglo-Irish Coinage (Dublin, 1964); Michael Dolley, Medieval Anglo-Irish Coins (London, 1972), pp. 1–5.

957

D.M. Metcalf (ed.). Coinage in Medieval Scotland (1100–1600) (British Archaeological Reports 45, Oxford, 1977).

958

Цит. по кн.: Helmold of Bosau, Chronica Slavorum 1.38, ed. Heinz Stoob (AQ 19, Darmstadt, rev. ed., 1973), p. 158. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд Славянская хроника, М., 1963.)

959

G. Jacob (ed.), Arabische Berichte von Gesandten an germanische Fürstenhöfe aus dem 9. und 10. Jahrhundert (Berlin and Leipzig, 1927), p. 13.

960

Joachim Herrmann (ed.). Die Slawen in Deutschland: Ein Handbuch (new ed., Berlin, 1985), pp. 132–4 and plate 49.

961

Ian Stewart, 'The Volume of the Early Scottish Coinage', in D.M. Metcalf (ed.). Coinage in Medieval Scotland (1100–1600) (British Archaeological Reports 45, Oxford, 1977), pp. 65–72.

962

John Porteous, 'Crusader Coinage with Latin or Greek Inscriptions', in Kenneth M. Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 1955–89) 6: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe, ed. Harry W. Hazard, pp. 354–420, at p. 370.

963

Pommersches UB 1: 786–1253, ed. Klaus Conrad (2nd ed., Cologne and Vienna, 1970), nos. 11–13, 15–16, pp. 12–15, 16–18.

964

ibid., nos. 23, 27, pp. 23–5, 28–9.

965

ibid., no. 30, pp. 32–4.

966

ibid., no. 43, pp. 47–8.

967

ibid., no. 48, pp. 51–3.

968

ibid., no. 62, pp. 77–81; хартия сохранилась в двух оригиналах в: Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, l. Kloster Dargun Nr. 2; см. также илл. в кн.: М. Gumowski, 'Pieczęcie ksiąząt pomorskich', Zapiski Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu 14 (1950), pp. 23–66 (and plates I–XXI), plate I.

969

ibid., no. 54, pp. 63–7.

970

ibid., nos. 106, 126, 140–41, 146, 156–7, 162–3, 170, 181, 188, 195–6, pp. 136–8, 167–8, 179–80, 184–6, 195–7, 202–4, 211–12, 225–6, 232–3, 241–3.

971

no. 68, pp. 87–8 (Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 80, p. 312).

972

Josef Joachim Menzel, Die schlesischen Lokationsurkunden des 13. Jahrhunderts (Wurzburg, 1977), pp. 127–35.

973

Wendy Davies, 'The Latin Charter Tradition in Western Britain, Brittany and Ireland in the Early Medieval Period', in Dorothy Whitelock et al. (eds.), Ireland in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1982), pp. 258–80.

974

Duncan, Scotland, p. 126.

975

David of Huntingdon: K.J. Stringer, 'The Charters of David, Earl of Huntingdon and Lord of Garioch: A Study in Anglo-Scottish Diplomatic', in idem (ed.), Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 72–101, at p. 79.

976

Flanagan, 'Monastic Charters from Irish Kings', p. 213; the MacMurrough charter is Dublin, National Library of Ireland, D 1, and is reproduced in Facsimiles of National Manuscripts of Ireland, ed. John T. Gilbert (4 parts in 5 vols., Dublin, 1874–84), 2, plate briii.

977

Michael Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066–1307 (London and Cambridge, Mass., 1979), p. 263.

978

Robert Fossier, La terre et les hommes en Picardie jusqu'a la fin de XIIIe siècle (2 vols., Paris and Louvain. 1968) 1, p. 263; 2, p. 570, n. 1.

979

David Ganz and Walter Goffart, 'Charters Earlier than 800 from French Collections', Speculum 65 (1990), pp. 906–32, at p. 921 (Goffart).

980

Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae, ed. Ignacy Zakrzewski and Franciszek Piekosinski (5 vols., Poznan, 1877–1908), 1, no. 381, pp. 337–8 (1259).

981

De regimine principum 2. 13, ed. Pierre Mandonnet, in Thomas Aguinas, Opuscula omnia 1 (Paris, 1927), pp. 312–487, at p. 370.

982

Roger of Howden, Chronica, ed. William Stubbs (4 vols., RS, 1868–71), 3, pp. 255–6; William the Breton, Cesfcr Philippi Augusti, ed. H.-F. Delaborde, Oeuvres de Rigord et de Guillaume le Breton (2 vols., Paris, 1882–5), 1, pp. 168–333, at pp. 196–7; idem, Philippidos 4, lines 530–48, ed. Delaborde, ibid. 2, pp. 118–19; comments by John Baldwin, The Government of Philip Augustus (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1986), pp. 405–12.

983

Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change, pp. 355–6.

984

Registrum epistolarum 37, ed. P. Bruno Griesser, Analecta sacri ordinis Cisierciensis 2 (1946), pp. 1–118, at p. 47; Katherine Walsh, A Fourteenth-Century Scholar and Primate: Richard FitzRalph in Oxford, Avignon and Armagh (Oxford, 1981), p. 11, citing ASV, Reg. Vat. 59, fol. 196v, in WH. Monck Mason, The History and Antiquities of the Collegiate and Cathedral Church of St Patrick (Dublin, 1820), app., pp. ix — x.

985

Цит. по кн.: Helmold of Bosau, Chronica Slavorum 3.5, ed. Heinz Stoob (AQ 19, Darmstadt, rev. ed., 1973), p. 77. Гельмольд, Славянская хроника, M., 1963, 3.5.

986

Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, preface, 1.2, ed. J. Olrik and H. Raeder (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1931–57), 1, p. 3; Hexaemeron: ed. Sten Ebbesen and L.B. Mortensen (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1985–8); Antique leges Scanie 14, in Danmarks gamie landskabslove 1, ed. J. Brandum-Nielsen (Copenhagen, 1920–33), pp. 467–667; cf. Skanske lov — Text III 1. 33, ibid., pp. 265–466, p. 288.

987

О реформаторской деятельности Андерса Сунесена см.: Innocent III, 17 December 1203, Ad nostram noveritis, Po. 2060, and 19 January 1206, Benedictus Deus a, Po. 2664; Registrum sive epistolae 6. 198 and 8. 196, PL 214–16, 215, cols. 223, 774; De Ordine Praedicatorum de Tolosa in Dacia, ed. M.C. Gertz, Scriptores minores historiae Danicae (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1917–22) 2/1, pp. 369–74; Jarl Gallen, La province de Dacie de l'ordre des freres precheurs (Helsingfors, 1946), pp. 1–11; отметим, что в 1204–1205 гг. Данию в составе Кастильского посольства посетил сам св. Доминик — ibid., pp. 196–216; о деятельности Сунесена в Эстонии см.: Генрих Латвийский, Хроника Ливонии. М. — Л., 1938, 10.13–14; 23.2; 24.2; 25.1.

988

'Rocznik lubiąski 1241–1281, oraz wiersz o pierwotnych zakonniach Lubiąza' [Versus lubenses], ed. August Bielowski, MPH 3 (Lwow, 1878, repr. Warsaw, 1961), pp. 707–10, at p. 710.

989

Цит. по кн.: Helmold of Bosau, Chronica Slavorum 1.35, ed. Heinz Stoob (АО 19, Darmstadt, rev. ed., 1973), p. 146–8. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмолед, Славянская хроника. М., 1963.)

990

Bernardo Maragone, Annates Pisani, ed. Michele Lupo Gentile (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 6/2, Bologna, 1930), pp. 1–74, at pp. 6–7, s.a. 1088; Carmen in victoriam Pisanorum, lines 70–72, ed. H.E.J. Cowdrey, 'The Mahdia Campaign of 1087', English Historical Review 92 (1977), pp. 1–29, pp. 23–9, relevant stanza p. 28 (reprinted in his Popes, Monks and Crusaders (London, 1984), chapter 12.

991

Цит. по: Denys Hay, Europe: The Emergence of an Idea (2nd ed., Edinburgh, 1968), p. 74.

992

Luke of Tuy, Chronicon mundi, ed. Andreas Schottus, Hispaniae illustratae (4 vols., Frankfurt/Main, 1603–8) 4, pp. 1–116, at p. 116.

993

Ebo, Vita sancti Ottonis episcopi Babenbergensis 3.6, ed. Jan Wikarjak and Kazimierz Liman, MPH, n.s., 7/2 (Warsaw, 1969), p. 106.

994

Sancti Bonifatii et Lulli epistolae, ed. Michael Tangi (MCH, Epistolae selectae 1, Berlin, 1916), no. 23, pp. 40–41 (Bishop Daniel of Winchester to Boniface, 723–4).

995

Robert I. Bums, Islam under the Crusaders: Colonial Survival in the Thirteenth-Century Kingdom of Valencia (Princeton, 1973), p. 187.

996

Peter Spufford, Money and its Use in Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1988), p. 245.

997

Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 2, pp. 271, 277.

998

Herbert Grundmann, Wahlkonigtum, Territorialpolitik und Ostbewegung im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert (Gebhardts Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte 5, Munich, 1973), pp. 269, 284.

999

Robert Fossier La terre et les hommes en Picardie jusqu'a la fin de XIIIe siècle (2 vols., Paris and Louvain, 1968) 1, p. 330.

1000

Helbig & Weinrich 2, no. 144, p. 536.

1001

Ferdinand Chalandon, Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie, 1009–1194 (2 vols., Paris, 1907) 1, pp. 191–8.

1002

Livlandische Reimchronik, lines 276–78, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderbom, 1876), p. 64.

1003

Brut у Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes: Peniarth MS. 20 Version, tr. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1952), p. 38.

1004

О политическом развитии княжества Гуинет XIII века см.: J.E. Lloyd, A History of Wales (3rd ed., 2 vols., London, 1939) 2, chapters 16–20; David Stephenson, The Governance of Gwynedd (Cardiff, 1984).

1005

Preussisches UB (6 vols, to date, Kdnigsberg and Marburg, 1882 —) 1, no. 218, p. 161.

1006

William of Newburgh, Historia rerum Anglicarum 3.9, ed. Richard Howlett, Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 1884–9) 1–2, at 1, p. 239.

1007

A.A.M. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975), pp. 298–9; Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots, 1153–65, ed. Geoffrey Barrow (Regesta regum Scottorum 1, Edinburgh, 1960), pp. 65–6.

1008

Annals of Connacht (Annala Connacht), ed. A. Martin Freeman (Dublin, 1944), p. 5.

1009

Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographie ecclesiastigu.es (21 vols, to date, Paris, 1912 —) 10, col. 963.

1010

Пит. по кн.: Helmold of Bosau, Chronica Slavorum 1.88, ed. Heinz Stoob (AQ 19, Darmstadt, rev. ed., 1973), p. 312. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд, Славянская хроника. М, 1963.)

1011

Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Lowen, ed. Karl Jordan, MGH, Laienfiirsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit (Leipzig and Weimar, 1941–9), no. 41, pp. 57–61; Mecklenburgisches UB (25 vols, in 26, Schwerin and Leipzig, 1863–1977) 1, no. 65, p. 58.

1012

Erik Fügedi, Castle and Society in Medieval Hungary (WOO — 1437) (Studia historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 187, Budapest, 1986), p. 62.

1013

Цит. по кн.: Helmold of Bosau, Chronica Slavorum 2.109, ed. Heinz Stoob (AQ 19, Darmstadt, rev. ed., 1973), p. 376. (Имеется рус. издание: Гельмольд, Славянская хроника. М, 1963.)

1014

ibid. 1. 65, р. 228

1015

James F. Powers, A Society Organized for War: The Iberian Municipal Militias in the Central Middle Ages, 1000–1284 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1988).

1016

Guibert de Nogent, Historia quae dicitur Gesta Dei per Francos 1.1, RHC, Occ. 4 (Paris, 1879), pp. 113–263; Baudri de Bourgueil, Historia Jerosolimitana, prologue, RHC, Occ. 4, pp. 1–111.

1017

Paul Johansen, 'Eine Riga-Wisby-Urkunde des 13. Jahrhunderts', Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde 38 (1958), pp. 93–108, at p. 97 (1268).

1018

Robert S. Lopez and Irving W. Raymond (eds.), Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World (New York, 1955), doc. 157, p. 319.

1019

Michele Amari (ed.), Bibliotheca arabo-sicula (Italian version, 2 vols., Turin and Rome, 1880–81) 2, pp. 234–5.

1020

Michael Lapidge (ed.), 'The Welsh-Latin Poetry of Sulien's Family', Studio Celtica 8–9 (1973–4), pp. 68–106, at p. 90, lines 16–21.

1021

Manfred Hellmann, Grundzuge der Geschichte Litauens und des lituauischen Volkes (Darmstadt, 1966), pp. 14–32; Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades (London, 1980), chapter 6, “The Interminable Crusade, 1283–1410”.

1022

Katharine Simms, 'Warfare in the Medieval Gaelic Lordships', The Irish Sword 12 (1975–6), pp. 98–108, at p. 107; Kenneth Nicholls, Gaelic and Caelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages (Dublin, 1972), pp. 84–7.