Тестостерон: гормон, который разделяет и властвует

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Перевод И. М. Сеченова.

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Перевод Е. И. Фатеевой.

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Перевод В. П. Карпова.

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R. J. Nelson and L. J. Kriegsfeld, An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, 5th ed. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2017), 73–74, 554, 703.

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Martin N. Muller and Richard W. Wrangham, "Dominance, Aggression and Testosterone in Wild Chimpanzees: A Test of the 'Challenge Hypothesis,'" Animal Behaviour 67, no. 1 (2004): 113–23; 116 – о методах сбора, консервации и анализа мочи.

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Eugene Linden, "The Wife Beaters of Kibale," Time, August 19, 2002, 56; см. также: Eugene Linden, The Octopus and the Orangutan: More True Tales of Animal Intrigue, Intelligence, and Ingenuity (New York: E. P. Dutton, 2002), 112.

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Richard W. Wrangham and Dale Peterson, Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1996).

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Martin N. Muller, Sonya M. Kahlenberg, Melissa Emery Thompson, and Richard W. Wrangham, "Male Coercion and the Costs of Promiscuous Mating for Female Chimpanzees," Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1612 (2007): 1009–14; Joseph T. Feldblum, Emily E. Wroblewski, Rebecca S. Rudicell, Beatrice H. Hahn, Thais Paiva, Mine Cetinkaya-Rundel, Anne E. Pusey, and Ian C. Gilby, "Sexually Coercive Male Chimpanzees Sire More Offspring," Current Biology 24, no. 23 (2014): 2855–60.

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Human Rights Watch, "Human Rights Watch World Report 2000 – Uganda," December 1, 1999, https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a8c924.html.

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Neil MacFarquhar, "8 Tourists Slain in Uganda, Including U.S. Couple," The New York Times, March 3, 1999.

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Danielle Kurtzleben, "Trump and the Testosterone Takeover of 2016," National Public Radio, October 1, 2016.

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Andrew Sullivan, "#MeToo and the Taboo Topic of Nature," New York Magazine, January 19, 2018.

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Gad Saad, "Is Toxic Masculinity a Valid Concept?," Psychology Today blog, March 8, 2018

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/homo-consumericus/201803/is-toxic-masculinity-valid-concept.

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Neal Gabler, "The Testosterone Fueled Presidency," The Huffington Post, August 16, 2017, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-testosterone-fueled-presidency_b_59949cd3e4b056a2b0ef029c.

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Emerald Robinson, "The Collapse of the Never-Trump Conservatives," The American Spectator, June 29, 2018.

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Leon Seltzer, "Male Sexual Misconduct and the Testosterone Curse," Psychology Today blog, November 29, 2017

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201711/male-sexual-misconduct-and-the-testosterone-curse.

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Rachel E. Morgan and Barbara A. Oudekerk, "Criminal Victimization, 2018," BCJ 253043, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, September 2019, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv18.pdf; David C. Geary, Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences, 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2021), 433–37; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, "Comparison of Crash Fatalities by Sex and Age Group" (Washington, DC: National Center for Statistics and Analysis, 2008); Monica Hesse, "We Need to Talk About Why Mass Shooters Are Almost Always Men," The Washington Post, August 5, 2019.

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Почти нет признаков, разброс которых у мужчин не был бы больше, чем у женщин, однако навыки чтения в начальной школе относятся к тем, где разница в разбросе иногда низкая и статистически незначимая. Аriane Baye and Christian Monseur, "Gender Differences in Variability and Extreme Scores in an International Context," Large-Scale Assessments in Education 4, no. 1 (2016): 1–16. Обзор половых различий в коэффициенте интеллекта и других когнитивных показателях, полученных с помощью тестов: Alan Feingold, "Sex Differences in Variability in Intellectual Abilities: A New Look at an Old Controversy," Review of Educational Research 62, no. 1 (1992): 61–84.

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"Hey Skinny!.. Yer Ribs Are Showing!" Digital image, The Official Website of: Charles Atlas. Charles Atlas LTD. Accessed January 15, 2020. Рекламные комиксы Чарльза Атласа стали предметом серьезного научного анализа приемов, с помощью которых отражаются и продвигаются мужские идеалы. Jacqueline Reich, "'The World's Most Perfectly Developed Man': Charles Atlas, Physical Culture, and the Inscription of American Masculinity," Men and Masculinities 12, no. 4 (2010): 444–61.

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Rebecca M. Jordan-Young and Katrina Karkazis, Testosterone: An Unauthorized Biography (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019), 54; Rebecca M. Jordan-Young, "How to Kill the 'Zombie Fact' That Testosterone Drives Human Aggression," paper presented at the Women in the World: Time for a New Paradigm for Peace conference, University of Maryland, September 2019, 22.

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American Psychological Association, "Harmful Masculinity and Violence," In the Public Interest Newsletter, September 2018, https://www.apa.org/pi/about/newsletter/2018/09/harmful-masculinity.

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Randy Thornhill, "Rape in Panorpa Scorpionflies and a General Rape Hypothesis," Animal Behaviour 28, no. 1 (1980): 52–59. По словам Торнхилла, мужчины крупнее женщин, потому что «в эволюционной истории человека более крупные мужчины находились в более выгодном положении, так как имели больше шансов на успешное изнасилование, если им не удавалось успешно конкурировать за родительские ресурсы» (57). Полное изложение гипотезы Торнхилла и Палмера об изнасиловании см.: Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer, A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001). Критический обзор: Jerry A. Coyne and Andrew Berry, "Rape as an Adaptation," Nature 404, no. 6774 (2000): 121–22.

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Justin Storbeck and Gerald L. Clore, "Affective Arousal as Information: How Affective Arousal Influences Judgments, Learning, and Memory," Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2, no. 5 (2008): 1824–43.

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Lawrence Summers, "Full Transcript: President Summers' Remarks at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Jan. 14 2005," The Harvard Crimson, February 18, 2005, https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/2/18/full-transcript-president-summers-remarks-at/.

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Alan Finder, "President of Harvard Resigns, Ending Stormy 5-Year Tenure," The New York Times, February 22, 2006.

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Sara Rimer and Patrick D. Healy, "Furor Lingers as Harvard Chief Gives Details of Talk on Women," The New York Times, February 18, 2005.

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James Damore, "Google's Ideological Echo Chamber," July 2017, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3914586/Googles-Ideological-Echo-Chamber.pdf.

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Lee Jussim, Geoffrey Miller, and Debra W. Soh in "The Google Memo: Four Scientists Respond," Quillette, August 17, 2017, https://quillette.com/2017/08/07/google-memo-four-scientists-respond/; Debra Soh, "No, the Google Manifesto Isn't Sexist or Anti-Diversity. It's Science," The Globe and Mail (Toronto), August 8, 2017; Glenn Stanton, "The Science Says the Google Guy Was Right About Sex Differences," The Federalist, August 11, 2017, https://thefederalist.com/2017/08/11/science-says-google-guy-right-sex-differences/. Критический обзор: Megan Molteni and Adam Rogers, "The Actual Science of James Damore's Google Memo," Wired, August 15, 2017, https://www.wired.com/story/the-pernicious-science-of-james-damores-google-memo/; и Brian Feldman, "Here Are Some Scientific Arguments James Damore Has Yet to Respond To," New York Magazine, August 11, 2017.

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Gina Rippon, "What Neuroscience Can Tell Us About the Google Diversity Memo," The Conversation, August 14, 2017, https://theconversation.com/what-neuroscience-can-tell-us-about-the-google-diversity-memo-82455. По мнению Риппон, в своем манифесте Деймор утверждает, что «женщины не представлены равным образом в сфере технологий и лидерства» из-за биологических различий, но Деймор никогда не говорил, что биология является единственным объяснением.

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Daisuke Wakabayashi, "Contentious Memo Strikes Nerve Inside Google and Out," The New York Times, August 8, 2017.

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Daisuke Wakabayashi and Nellie Bowles, "Google Memo Author Sues, Claiming Bias Against White Conservative Men," The New York Times, January 8, 2018.

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Daisuke Wakabayashi and Nellie Bowles, "Google Memo Author Sues, Claiming Bias Against White Conservative Men," The New York Times, January 8, 2018.

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Angela Saini, Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New Research That's Rewriting the Story (Boston: Beacon Press, 2017).

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Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2 vols. (London: John Murray, 1871), vol. 1, 564.

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David F. Feldon, James Peugh, Michelle A. Maher, Josipa Roksa, and Colby Tofel-Grehl, "Time-to-Credit Gender Inequities of First-Year PhD Students in the Biological Sciences," CBE–Life Sciences Education 16, no. 1 (2017), article 4. По данным на 2017 г., среди получивших ученую степень PhD в области биологических наук 52,5 % составляли женщины, но при этом они занимали лишь 30–35 % постоянных позиций в соответствующей сфере.

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Gertrud Pfister, "The Medical Discourse on Female Physical Culture in Germany in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries," Journal of Sport History 17, no. 2 (1990): 191.

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Adam S. Cohen, "Harvard's Eugenics Era," Harvard Magazine, March–April 2016, https://harvardmagazine.com/2016/03/harvards-eugenics-era.

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Аннотация к книге: Fine, Testosterone Rex: Myths of Sex, Science, and Society (London: Icon Books, 2017).

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Аннотация к книге: W. Norton, Fine, Testosterone Rex, https://www.wwnorton.co.uk/books/9780393082081-testosterone-rex.

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"Cordelia Fine's Explosive Study of Gender Politics Wins 30th Anniversary Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize," Royal Society, news, September 19, 2017, https://royalsociety.org/news/2017/09/cordelia-fine-wins-30th-anniversary-royal-society-insight-investment-science-book-prize/.

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Fine, Testosterone Rex, аннотация к книге.

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Gina Rippon, The Gendered Brain: The New Neuroscience That Shatters the Myth of the Female Brain (New York: Random House, 2019), 353.

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Saini, Inferior, 28.

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Saini, Inferior, 10.

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Полное изложение позиции, что наука и разум способствуют социальному прогрессу: Steven Pinker, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress (New York: Viking, 2018).

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Virag Sharma, Nikolai Hecker, Juliana G. Roscito, Leo Fourster, Bjoern I. Langer, and Michael Hiller, "A Genomics Approach Reveals Insights into the Importance of Gene Losses for Mammalian Adaptations," Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (2018): 1215–19.

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Damayanthi Durairajanayagam, Rakesh K. Sharma, Stefan S. du Plessis, and Ashok Agarwal, "Testicular Heat Stress and Sperm Quality," in Male Infertility, ed. Stefan S. du Plessis, Ashok Agarwal, and Edmund S. Sabanegh Jr. (New York: Springer, 2014), 105–25.

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Sharma et al., "A Genomics Approach Reveals Insights."

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Aristotle, "History of Animals," in Complete Works of Aristotle, vol. 1, rev. Oxford translation, ed. Jonathan Barnes (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 981.

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Angela Giuffrida, "Sistine Chapel Breaks 500-Year Gender Taboo to Welcome Soprano into the Choir," The Guardian, November 18, 2017.

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Meyer M. Melicow, "Castrati Singers and the Lost 'Cords,'" Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 59, no. 8 (1983): 744

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Robert B. Crawford, "Eunuch Power in the Ming Dynasty," T'oung Pao 49, no. 1 (1962): 115–48; Eberhard Nieschlag and Susan Nieschlag, "The History of Testosterone and the Testes: From Antiquity to Modern Times," in Lee B. Smith, Testosterone: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications (New York: Springer, 2017), 1–19.

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G. Carter Stent, "Chinese Eunuchs," Journal of North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 10 (1877): 143.