The Black Russian

Index

Abdülmecid II, 1

Adel, Stepan Osipovich, 1, 2

Adil, Fikret, 1, 2

Adrianov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1, 2, 3

African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, 1

alcohol consumption, 1, 2, 3, 4

alcohol laws, 1, 2

Alexandra, Tsaritsa, 1, 2, 3

Alexis, Tsarevich, 1

Alhambra Theater, 1

Allen, Charles E., 1, 2, 3, 4

background and overview, 1

Fred and Bruce Thomas’s passport applications approved by, 1

on Frederick, 1

Frederick’s interview with, 1

Frederick’s passport application sabotaged by, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Karp Chernov and, 1

Larry Rue on, 1

Ravndal and, 1

Robert Skinner and, 1

Wilbur Carr and, 1

American Civil War, 1

Anglais, Hôtel des, 1

Anglo-American Garden Villa (“Stella Club”), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

finances, 1

in the media, 1

name of, 1

opening weeks, 1

popularity and success, 1, 2

shows, 1, 2, 3

Angora, 1

Angora (Ankara), Frederick’s escape to, 1

anti-Semitism, 1

Apollo, 1

Aquarium, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

advertisements, 1

antiforeign riots and, 1

benefit evening at, 1

boxing matches at, 1

Bruce Lockhart and, 1

Charles Aumont and, 1, 2, 3, 4

description and overview, 1

finances, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Frederick began working at, 1

Grand Duke Sergey at, 1

Grigory Konsky and, 1, 2

living quarters at, 1

Maxim, Apollo, and, 1, 2

in the media, 1, 2

military officers at, 1

nationalization of, 1, 2

Odessa and, 1

performers at, 1, 2, 3

drafted into army, 1

foreign, 1

parade led by, 1

popularity and success, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

reopening, 1

rivals, 1, 2, 3

shows at, 1, 2, 3, 4

ballet, 1

operettas and farces, 1, 2

sexuality in, 1

“siege” of, 1

“Skating-Palace” at, 1

“soldiers’ theater” at, 1

staff of, 1, 2

control of Aquarium transferred to, 1, 2

drafted into army, 1

Arkansas, 1

Armstrong, Harold, 1

Auditorium Hotel, 1

Aumont, Charles, 1, 2

Austria-Hungary, 1, 2

Bagge, Picton, 1

Berlin

Frederick Thomas in, 1

Irma Thomas in, 1, 2

Valli Thomas in, 1

Berry, Burton Y., 1

“Bertha and Thomas” partnership, 1, 2, 3

See also Anglo-American Garden Villa

Berthet, Mr., 1, 2

biracial people, 1

Bloody Sunday, 1

boardinghouse, Frederick’s, 1

Bolshevik Revolution. See October Revolution

bourgeoisie, terror against. See terror

Bowen, George, 1

boxing, 1, 2

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 1, 2, 3

Brist, George L., 1

Bristol, Mark L., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Britain, 1

Brooks, Billy, 1, 2

Bruce, Blanche K., 1

Brusilov Offensive, 1

Burri, Alfred, 1, 2

Cameron, Lucille, 1

Cantacuzene, Mikhail Mikhaylovich, 1

Carr, Wilbur J., 1, 2

Carter, Harry A., 1, 2

Catholicism, 1

Chaliapin, Fyodor, 1, 2

“Champion Osman, the Tambura-Player,” 1

Chanticleer (Maxim), 1. See also Maxim

Cheka, 1, 2, 3

Chernov, Karp, 1

Cherry Hill Methodist Church, 1

Chicago, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

churches, 1

Russian, 1, 2, 3

U.S. southern, 1

Ciniselli Circus, auctioning of, 1

Çiragan Palace, 1

Civil War, Russian. See Russian Civil War

Civil War, U.S. See American Civil War

Clarendon Hotel, 1

Coahoma County, Mississippi, 1, 2, 3, 4.

See also specific topics

cocaine, 1

cockroach races, 1

Codolban, Nitza, 1

Conservatory of Music, 1

Constantinople.

See also specific topics

Allies’ occupation of and British martial law in, 1

arrival in, 1, 2

description and overview, 1

Elvira Thomas in, 1, 2, 3

foreigners and increasing xenophobia, 1, 2

racial attitudes in, 1, 2

Russian refugees in, 1

tourism and entertainment, 1, 2.

See also Maxim

World War I and, 1, 2

Cooke, Henry, 1, 2

Cutrer, John W. “Jack,” 1, 2, 3

Cutrer, Will D., 1

d’Anselme, Philippe, 1

Dickerson, Levin, 1

Dickerson, Oliver, 1

Dickerson, Peter, 1, 2, 3

Dickerson, Susan, 1

Dickerson, William

attempt to swindle the Thomases’ out of their farm and property, 1

background and overview, 1, 2

death, 1

Lewis Thomas’s lawsuit against, 1

relationship with Lewis and India Thomas, 1

Douglass, Frederick, 1

drug use, 1

See also alcohol consumption

Drysdale, William, 1, 2

Duncan, George, 1, 2

Dunn, Robert, 1

Easley, G. Gilmer, 1

Eastbrook, Joseph, 1

England, 1

Eustis, J. B., 1

Evelinov, Boris, 1

Excello, SS, 1

Farson, Negley, 1

“First Russian Theatrical Stock Company,” 1

“For the Russian Army, from the Artists of Moscow” campaign, 1

France, 1, 2.

See also Paris and French society and culture, 1

Francis Ferdinand, Archduke, 1

French Army’s occupation of Odessa, 1, 2

Friars Point, Mississippi, 1

Gaisberg, Fred, 1

Gallagher, Michael F., 1

“Gamma” (journalist), 1

Garden Bar, 1

Germany, 1, 2, 3.

See also Berlin

Elvira Thomas in, 1

Moscow’s “anti-German” pogrom, 1

Valli Thomas in, 1, 2, 3, 4

Giselle (ballet), 1

Golitzine, Olga Thomas (daughter), 1, 2

birth, 1

disappearance, 1, 2, 3, 4

finances, 1, 2

Frederick and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

later life, 1, 2

marriage, 1

in Romania, 1

Grand Hôtel Fontaine, 1

“Great Festival of Charity,” 1

Greer, Carl, 1

Hagia Sophia, 1, 2

Hähn, Hedwig Antonia. See Thomas, Hedwig Antonia Hähn

Harper, Lila Edwards, 1

Harris, Emma, 1

Hermitage Garden, 1, 2

Hospital Pasteur, 1

Hôtel de Paris, 1, 2

Hôtel des Anglais, 1

Howe, Peter, 1

Howe Institute, 1

Imperator Nikolay (passenger ship), 1

interracial marriage, 1, 2

Istanbul, 1, 2

jazz, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Jeffries, James J., 1

Jenkins, William, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Johnson, James Weldon, 1

Johnson, John Arthur “Jack,” 1, 2

Jungmann, Elvira. See Thomas, Elvira Jungmann

Kemal, Mustafa, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Kerensky, Alexander, 1, 2

Kitchen, Karl K., 1

Klegin, Richard, 1, 2

Konsky, Grigory Grigoryevich, 1

Kremer, Isa, 1

Kremlin, 1

Krotkov, Sergey, 1, 2

La Potinière (“The Gossip”), 1

labor strikes, 1

Lahn, SS, 1

Lausanne, Treaty of, 1, 2

Le Moscovite, 1

Leicester Square, 1

Lenin, Vladimir, 1

Lobanov-Rostovsky, Andrey, 1, 2, 3

Lockhart, R. H. Bruce, 1

London, 1

London Hotel, 1

Louisville, Kentucky, 1, 2, 3

Mannix, Daniel, 1

Martynov, Matvey Filippovich, 1, 2

Maxim (in Constantinople), 1, 2, 3, 4

alcoholic beverages at, 1, 2

“Champion Osman” at, 1

description and overview, 1

employees, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

failure of

Carl Greer and, 1

seized by creditors, 1

Yildiz Casino and, 1, 2

famous patrons, 1

finances, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Fourth of July celebration at, 1

opening, 1

popularity and success, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

reopened as “Yeni Maxim”/“New Maxim,” 1

restrictions aimed at enterprises like, 1

shows, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

violent incidents at, 1, 2

Maxim (in Moscow), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

advertisements, 1, 2, 3

alcoholic beverages at, 1, 2

and the authorities, 1, 2

finances, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

foreign performers at, 1

Frederick took over, 1

Frederick’s loss of, 1, 2

interior, 1

Karl Kitchen and, 1

location, 1

in the media, 1, 2, 3

nationalization of, 1, 2

opening, 1, 2

politics and, 1

popularity and success, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

renaming of, 1

shows at, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

shut down in 1915, 1

as “The Favorite Place of Muscovites,” 1

World War I and, 1

Maynard, George F., 1

McKay, Claude, 1

McVey, Sam, 1

Mehmet VI, 1, 2

Memphis, Tennessee, 1, 2

Mendelino, Ermano, 1

Methodist churches, 1

Mississippi Delta, 1, 2

mixed-race people, 1

Morel, Monsieur G., 1

Morfessi, Yury, 1

Moscow, 1

See also specific topics

alcohol laws, 1, 2

bribery of public officials in, 1, 2

changes in, 1, 2

See also World War I

compared with Constantinople, 1

Frederick’s escape from, 1

Frederick’s first several years in, 1

Frederick’s possible leave from (1904-1906), 1

as heart of Russia, 1

nightlife, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

See also Aquarium; Maxim

schools in, 1

Moscow Soviet of Soldiers’ Deputies, 1

multiracial people, 1

Murat, Lucien, 1

Nansen, Fridtjof, 1

Natruskin, Aleksey Fyodorovich, 1

New York City

Bruce Thomas in, 1, 2

Frederick Thomas in, 1

Nicholas II, Tsar, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

See also specific topics

alcohol consumption, 1

Duma and, 1, 2

Frederick asked to become subject of, 1

Frederick’s “love” for, 1

Frederick’s petition for citizenship and, 1, 2

as leader, 1, 2, 3

downfall of, 1, 2, 3, 4

opposition to, 1

Rasputin and, 1

striking workers and, 1

World War I and, 1, 2

Norton, Roy, 1

October Manifesto, 1

October Revolution, 1, 2

Odessa, 1, 2

Bolshevik occupation of, 1

description and overview, 1

Frederick trapped in, 1

Frederick’s citizenship and, 1

Frederick’s escape from, 1

See also Imperator Nikolay 1, 2

Frederick’s first two trips to, 1

French occupation of, 1, 2, 3

Osman. See “Champion Osman, the Tambura-Player”

Ostend, Belgium, 1

Ottoman Empire, 1.

See also Constantinople; Sèvres, Treaty of;

dissolution of, 1.

See also Turkish National Movement

Paris, 1

Paris, Hôtel de, 1, 2

Pera Palace Hotel, 1

police. See Moscow: bribery of public officials in

Polish–Soviet War, 1, 2

aftermath, 1

Polyakova, Nastya, 1

Proctor, Bertha, 1, 2, 3, 4

prohibition in Russian Empire, 1, 2

Provisional Government, 1, 2

Pullman, George M., 1

Quinlan, Joseph B., 1

racial attitudes, 1

in Constantinople, 1, 2

in Paris, 1

in Russia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

in United States, 1, 2.

See also Coahoma County

in Victorian England, 1

Randolph, John, 1

Rasputin, Grigory, 1, 2, 3

Ravndal, Gabriel Bie, 1, 2, 3

background and overview, 1

Elvira Thomas and, 1, 2, 3

Ermano Mendelino and, 1

Frederick’s debt and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Frederick’s passport application and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

telegram to Washington, 1

Wilbur Carr’s letter to, 1

real estate, 1, 2

Red Army, 1

Revolution of 1905, 1, 2

Revolution of 1917, 1

See also October Revolution

Reyser, Arthur, Jr., 1, 2, 3

Richardson, Officer, 1

Riviera, 1

Royal Dancing Club (“Jockey Club”), 1

Rue, Larry, 1

Rumbold, Horace, 1

Russia, 1

See also specific topics

attitudes toward foreigners, 1

blacks in, 1, 2

entering, 1, 2

Frederick’s first thought of going to, 1

Frederick’s “love” for, 1

racial attitudes in, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

revolutionary changes in, 1

See also October Revolution;

Revolution of 1905;

Revolution of 1917

Russian citizenship (of Frederick), 1, 2

citizenship application, 1

concealing of, 1, 2, 3, 4

Odessa and, 1

reasons for seeking the protection of, 1

United States and, 1, 2

Russian Civil War, 1, 2, 3

See also October Revolution; Odessa

Russian patriotism, Frederick’s public expressions of, 1, 2

Russian Revolution. See Revolution of 1917

Russo-Japanese War, 1, 2

Scott, Daniel, 1, 2

Sergey, Grand Duke, 1, 2

Serpoletti (Fronshteyn), Andrey, 1, 2

Serra, Mario, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Sèvres, Treaty of, 1, 2, 3

Shchukin, Yakov Vasilyevich, 1

Shelton, Frank, 1

Skinner, Robert, 1

“soldiers’ theater,” 1

Speransky, Mikhail Mikhaylovich, 1

St. Louis, 1

State Department, U.S., 1

Frederick’s Russian citizenship unknown by, 1, 2

passport applications and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

William Jenkins and, 1

“Stella Club.” See Anglo-American Garden Villa

Strelna, 1

Sudakov, Aleksey Akimovich, 1, 2, 3, 4

Sukhodolsky, 1

tango, 1

Tannenberg, Battle of, 1

terror, 1, 2, 3, 4

See also Cheka

terrorism, 1, 2, 3

Thomas, Bruce (son), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

birth, 1, 2, 3

death, 1

marriage, 1

in New York City, 1, 2

in Turkey, 1

Thomas, Elvira Jungmann (3rd wife)

background and overview, 1

children, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

citizenship, 1

in Constantinople, 1, 2, 3

in Czechoslovakia, 1

death, 1

departure from Soviet Union, 1, 2

finances, 1

Frederick’s death and, 1, 2

Frederick’s first meeting with, 1

Frederick’s marriage to, 1, 2, 3

Frederick’s relations with, 1, 2, 3

Isaiah Thorne and, 1, 2

Mikhail Thomas and, 1

nationality, 1, 2

Olga Thomas and, 1

Ravndal, U.S. protection of Frederick, and, 1, 2, 3

Valentina Thomas and, 1, 2, 3

Thomas, Frederick Bruce, 1

alternative names and aliases, 1

“Fridrikh Brus (Fyodor Fyodorovich) Tomas,” 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

birth, 1

characterizations of

as Constantinople’s “Sultan of Jazz,” 1

as Moscow “Merchant of the First Guild,” 1

death, 1

education, 1, 2, 3, 4

employment, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

See also specific businesses

family background and early life, 1

farm life, 1

finances, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

See also under Anglo-American Garden Villa; Aquarium; Maxim

becoming rich, 1, 2, 3

generosity, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

loans and debt, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

lost his fortune escaping from Odessa, 1, 2.

See also Odessa: Frederick’s escape from

taxes owed, 1, 2

homes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

imprisoned in Angora, 1

never denied anyone a free meal, 1

as parent, 1, 2.

See also specific children

passports and passport applications, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Charles Allen and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

first passport application in Paris, 1, 2

Gabriel Bie Ravndal and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Russia and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

people he may have been named after, 1

personality, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

physical appearance, 1, 2

pneumonias, 1, 2, 3

privacy, 1

reinventing himself, 1

religion and, 1.

See also churches

siblings, 1, 2

See also Thomas, Ophelia

speech and language skills, 1, 2, 3

threats against, 1

was never tempted to return to U.S., 1

Thomas, Frederick “Fedya,” “Fred,” Jr. (son), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Thomas, Hannah (mother), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Thomas, Hedwig Antonia Hähn (1st wife), 1

background and overview, 1

children, 1, 2

death, 1, 2

marriage to Frederick, 1

Thomas, India P. (stepmother), 1

background and overview, 1

churches and, 1

and the farm, 1

finances, 1, 2

Frederick Thomas and, 1

house rented by, 1

Lewis Thomas’s murder and, 1

in Louisville, 1, 2, 3

marriage to Lewis Thomas, 1

Ophelia Thomas and, 1, 2, 3

William Dickerson and, 1, 2, 3

Thomas, Irma (daughter)

in Berlin, 1, 2

birth of, 1, 2

Hedwig Thomas’s death following, 1, 2

finances, 1

Frederick Thomas and, 1, 2, 3, 4

suicide, 1

Valli Thomas and, 1, 2, 3, 4

Thomas, John (brother), 1, 2

Thomas, Kate (sister), 1

Thomas, Lewis (father), 1

background and overview, 1, 2

character, 1

children, 1

churches and, 1, 2

farm, 1, 2, 3, 4

finances, 1, 2, 3, 4

house rented by, 1

influence on Frederick, 1, 2

marriage to India, 1

in the newspapers, 1

Sheltons and the murder of, 1

William Dickerson and, 1, 2

Thomas, Mikhail (son), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

birth, 1, 2

Bruce Thomas and, 1

children, 1

education in Prague, 1, 2

finances, 1

Frederick Thomas and, 1, 2, 3, 4

later life, 1

Thomas, Olga (daughter). See Golitzine, Olga Thomas

Thomas, Ophelia (sister), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Thomas, Valentina (“Valli”) Leontina Anna Hoffman (2nd wife), 1

affair with Bolshevik commissar, 1, 2, 3

background and overview, 1

Elvira Thomas and, 1, 2, 3

finances, 1, 2, 3

Frederick’s citizenship and, 1, 2, 3

Frederick’s conflicts with, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Frederick’s marriage to, 1, 2

in Germany, 1, 2, 3, 4

Irma Thomas and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

as nanny for Frederick’s children, 1, 2

passports and, 1, 2, 3

residences, 1, 2

Thomas, William (brother), 1

Thomas, Yancy (brother), 1, 2

“Thomas and Co.,” 1, 2.

See also Aquarium

Thomas Chapel, 1

Thomass, Bruce, 1

Thomass, Chantal, 1

Thorne, Isaiah, 1, 2, 3

“Tobacco for the Soldier,” 1

Tomas, F. F., 1

Trotsky, Leon, 1

Trukhanova, Natalia, 1

Tsarev, Mikhail Prokofyevich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

tsars, 1

Turkey, 1, 2, 3.

See also Constantinople; Istanbul changes in, 1

Turkish National Movement, 1, 2, 3

See also Kemal, Mustafa

Turks, 1

typhus, 1, 2

Ukraine. See Odessa

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 1

Vertinsky, Aleksandr, 1, 2, 3

Villa Stella. See Anglo-American Garden Villa

Villa Tom, 1, 2

Volunteer Army. See White Volunteer Army

Weir, Joseph A., 1

White Volunteer Army, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Williams, Percy G., 1

World War I, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Odessa and, 1

Wrangel, Pyotr, 1, 2, 3

Yar Restaurant, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Yeni Maxim, 1, 2.

See also Maxim

Yildiz Municipal Casino, 1, 2, 3

Yildiz Palace complex, 1, 2

Zavadsky, Alexey Vladimirovich, 1

Zhichkovsky, Richard Fomich, 1

Zia Bey, Mufty-Zade K., 1