The Columbia History of the American Novel

Index

Aaron, Daniel, 383

Abbey, Edward, 753; The Brave Cowboy, 459; Desert Solitaire, 459; Hayduke Lives, 459; Jonathan Troy, 459; The Monkey Wrench Gang, 459

Abish, Walter, 753; Alphabetical Africa, 736; How German Is It, 737 -39

Abolition, 140 -43, 218 -22; Emerson and, 130 -31; Melville and, 150 -51; slave narratives and, 39–41; Uncle Tom's Cabin and, 144 -46

Abolitionists: Poe's view, 97 -98; women, views of, 101

Abortion, fictional account, 354

Abrams, M. H., 10

Academia: and literary success, 692 -94; male novelists and, 46; and postmodernism, 516 -17; post-World War II, 488 -89

Acculturation: Native American, in Canada, 576; novels of, 532 -34

Achebe, Chinua, Anthills of the Savannah, 665

Acker, Kathy, 698, 699, 706, 723 -24, 753- 54; The Adult Life of Henri Toulouse Lautrec by Henri Toulouse Lautrec, 723; The Childlike Life of the Black Tarantula by the Black Tarantula, 723; Don Quixote, 699, 723; Hello I'm Erica Jong, 723;

Kathy Goes to Haiti, 699; My Death My Life by Pier Paolo Pasolini, 723

Adamic, Louis, 400

Adams, Andy, The Log of a Cowboy, 439

Adams, Brooks, 250

Adams, Henry, Democracy, 157

Adams, John, 13

Addams, Jane, 125, 269; Twenty Years at Hull House, 381

Adisa, Opal Palmer, 653

Adorno, Theodor, 210, 679

Adultery novels, Fitzgerald and, 324

Adventure fiction, 289, 359 -60, 378 79; antebellum novels, 51; detective novels, 372 -78; frontier novels, 438; late nineteenth century, 257 -58; of Melville, 80; Westerns, 366 -71; by women, 52

Advertising of books, 53

Aesthetics: liberated, Coover and, 735; male definition, 46

Aesthetic standards, American literary canon and, 128

Affectionate appropriation, slavery and, 99 -100

Africa, Canadian novels set in, 584

African Americans, 98-100, 409 -13; antebellum, 55; Du Bois and, 206 10; Faulkner and, 427 -30; Mailer -853- African Americans (Continued) and, 493; migration of, 408; and post-Civil War reconciliation, 247 48; writings about, 417 -20 — women, 268, 269; and domesticity, 127 -28; Hurston and, 423 -24; as writers, 270, 273, 283, 496

— writers, 421 -25; antislavery, 150 53; autobiographical writings, 37 41; late nineteenth-century realist, 178 -81; late twentieth century, 495 -97; postmodern, 522 -23, 529 30, 699; proletarian fiction by, 346 50; and reform movements, 154; regional fiction, 430 -36; and romance, 105; and temperance movement, 142; and women's issues, 152 -53

African peoples: and English language, 656; importation of, 92; postcolonial societies, 668

Age of Protest and Reform, 216, 228

Agrarian movement, 408, 414

Agrarian revolt, fiction of, 235 -36

Agustin, José: Ciudades desiertas, 631; "Cuál es la onda," 631; De perfil, 631; Se está hacienco tarde, 631

Aidoo, Area Ata, 667

Alcohol consumption, nineteenth century, 136

Alcott, Louisa May, 126, 754; Behind a Mask, 120; Little Women, 113, 121; Work, 125

Alcott, William, 137

Alegría, Claribel, No me agarran viva: La mujer salvadoreña en la lucha (They'll Never Take Me Alive), 647

Alegría, Fernando, 523

Alexander, Meena, 653

Alger, Horatio, 298, 357, 754; Ragged Dick; or, Street Life in New York, 357; Struggling Upward, 358

Algren, Nelson: The Man with the Golden Arm, 341; Somebody in Boots, 341; A Walk on the Wild Side, 341

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), 13

Alienation, post- World War II, 487, 492

Allegory, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court as, 256

Allen, Garland, 211

Allen, Paula Gunn, The Woman Who Owned the Shadows, 457

Allende, Isabel, 522, 615

Allfrey, Phyllis Shand, 594; The Orchid House, 603

"The All Jamaica Library," 590

Allusions, in postmodern fiction, 704 -6, 710, 716

Alter, Judy, Mattie, 440

Alter, Robert, 733

Alternative publishing, 681

Althusser, Louis, 522

America, early idea of, 9

American artists, and European culture, 311 -12

American autobiography, 27, 29; and slave narratives, 37–39

American Colonization Society, 140

American culture, 515; James and, 163 -64

American imperialism, 654

The American Journal of Sociology, 192, 201

American literature: postmodern views, 517 -18; mid-twentieth-century views, 488 -89

American novelists, late nineteenth century, and sociology, 190 -215

American novels: early, 6- 25; publishers and, 53–54

American proletarianism, 331 -56

American reform, origins of, 131 -32

American Renaissance, 128; and male novelists, 118; and women, 113- 15; and women novelists, 112 -13; women's novels and, 128-29

American Revolution: historical fiction, 259; story paper tales, 291

American Social Science Association, 192

American society, story papers and, 291

American Studies, 489

American Temperance Union, 137- 38

American Tract Society,137, 147

American writers, and World War I, 318

— 854-

American writings, European publication, 7

Amoroso Lima, Alceu, 624

Anaya, Rudolfo, 406, 754; Bless Me, Ultima, 453

Anderson, Benedict, 241, 531

Anderson, Laurie, 228, 516

Anderson, Margaret, 312 Anderson, Sherwood, 315, 327, 408, 755; and race, 409 -10; Dark Laughter, 410; "Notes Out of a Man's Life," 410; Winesburg, Ohio, 327

Andrews, William L., 91; To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography, 1760–1865, 37, 40

Angers, Marie-Louise-Féicité. See Conan, Laure

Anglo-African Magazine, 151

Anglo-Saxon immigrants, 383 Anglo-Saxon masculinity, American identity and, 263 -64

Anomie, Durkheim's idea, 198

Antebellum novels: by African Americans, 55 -56; marketplace, 47 -71; reform issues, 131; temperance, 139 -40

Anthony, Michael, 600, 602 -3; The Games Were Coming, 603; Green Days by the River, 603; The Year in San Fernando, 595, 603

Anthony, Susan B., 142

Anti-Catholicism, 147

Anti-clericalism, Canadian, 570

Anti-communist movement, 486

Antimodernism of Western fiction, 369 -71

Antin, Mary, The Promised Land, 385, 387

Antipatriarchal aspects of domesticity cult, 118 -26

Anti-Semitism, 490; of Hemingway, 321

Antislavery movement, 218 -22. See also Abolition

Antitechnological fiction, 467, 479

The Anvil, 343

Anzaldúa, Gloria, 539; Borderlands / La Frontera, 532

Apollinaire, Guillaume, 318

Apprenticeship system, printed literature and, 51

Appropriation of language, Valenzuela and, 641 -42

Apthorp, Fanny, 15 -16

Aquin, Hubert: Neige noire (Hamlet's Twin), 580, 582; Prochain épisode, 571

Architecture, postmodern, 516

Argentina, fiction of, 632 -41

Argosy, 359

Armstrong, Jeannette C., 577; Slash, 576

Arnold, Matthew, Culture and Anarchy, 317

Arrighi, Antonio A., The Story of Antonio, the Galley Slave, 398

Art: Acker's views, 723 -24; commercialization of, 517, 518; fiction as, 272 -73; industrial, 173 -74; modernist views, 317; nineteenth-century America and, 48; nineteenth-century novel as, 66; proletarian, 331 -32; and social values, 334 -35

Arthur, Timothy Shay, 114, 139, 755; Six Nights with the Washingtonians, 139; Ten Nights in a Bar-Room, and What I Saw There, 139-40

Artists: American, and European culture, 311 -12. — women as, 271, 272-73; Cather and, 278 -80; novels about, 275; Wharton and, 276 -77

Ashbery, John, 736

Ashbridge, Elizabeth, 31

Asian American writers, 405, 406, 499 500; Western fiction, 462 -63

Asian immigrants, 406

Asimov, Isaac, 755-56; I, Robot, 361

Assimilation: minority fiction and, 502; Native American, in Canada, 576

Associationism, Hawthorne and, 134 -35

As-told-to narratives, 4; Native American autobiography, 44; slave autobiographies, 37

Astor Place Riot (1849), 290

Astounding, 364

— 855-

Asturias, Miguel Angel, 524

Atherton, Gertrude, 283, 457, 756

Attaway, William, 332; Blood on the Forge, 348 -49

Attenborough, Richard, Gandhi (film), 658

Atwood, Margaret, 756; Bodily Harm, 584; Cat's Eye, 567; The Handmaid's Tale, 567, 582; The Journals of Susanna Moodie, 574; Lady Oracle, 579; Surfacing, 567, 583; Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature, 565, 566

Auden, W. H., 389

Audience, literary, 679, 685, 688 -90; for dime novels, 293 -94, 297, 300 301; nineteenth century, 114; postmodern fiction and, 701

Augustine, St., Confessions, 26

Austen, Jane, Pride and Prejudice, 17

Austin, Mary, 273, 283, 756- 57

Authenticity: female, nineteenth-century views, 120, 123; in Western fiction, 461 -62

Authorial voices, 703; in dime novels, 299–300; in story-paper fiction, 290

Authority, 4 -5, 13 -14; in autobiography, 27; Cooper and, 24; gothic novels and, 22 -23

Authors: income of, 681 -82; publishers and, 680 -81

Authorship, 4–5, 679, 689; of dime novels, 292 -93; in early America, 12; nineteenth-century women and, 64 -65; novels about, 52; postmodern capitalism and, 680; professionalism of, nineteenth century, 67 -70

Autobiography: Asian American, 499; ethnic, 385; expatriation and, 650; and fiction, 4–5, 9, 26 -45; immigrant experience, 382, 384, 398; proletarian, 333, 334 -44

Automatic writing, 313, 525

Autonomy: of artist, 691; literary, 59 60, 67; personal, Native Americans and, 43

Avant-garde, 691, 726 -51; Joyce and, 327; postmodernism and, 697 -98; Stein and, 314

Averill, Charles, The Secret Service Ship; or, The Fall of San Juan D'Ulloa, 289

B. Dalton, 687

Baker, Houston, 540

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 358, 705

Baldwin, James, 348, 496, 662, 757; Another Country, 496; Giovanni's Room, 502, 547 -48; Go Tell It on the Mountain, 496; Just Above My Head, 496

Balloon of experience, James's idea, 74

Ballou, Adam, 133

Ballou, Maturin Murray, 290; Fanny Campbell, the Female Pirate Captain, 190; Red Rupert, the American Bucanier, 290

Balmer, Edwin, When Worlds Collide, 365

Balzac, Honoré: Fuentes and, 620

Banks, Russell, 520

Bannon, Ann, 501

Bantam Books, 686; lesbian paperbacks, 501

Baraka, Amiri, 757- 58

Barbados, 89; writers from, 594 -96

Barlow, Joel, 468

Barnes, Djuna, 328 -29, 330, 408, 756; Ladies Almanack, 328; Nightwood, 501

Barnet, Miguel, 609, 646

Barney, Natalie, 312

Baroque quality of Latin American fiction, 611-13

Barrack-yard novels, 592, 599

Barrett, Elizabeth, The Drama of Exile and Other Poems, Poe's review, 101

Barrio, Raymond, The Plum Plum Pickers, 453

Barrios de Chungara, Domitila, 647; Si me permiten hablar…, 646- 47

Barth, John, 516, 699, 730 -32, 733, 736, 756;Chimera, 703, 722; The End of the Road, 711; "A Few Words About Minimalism," 535 -36; The Floating Opera, 711; Giles Goat-Boy, 699, 711, 730, 731, 749; Letters, 711, 732; "The Literature -856- of Exhaustion," 610, 702, 710 -11, 730; "The Literature of Replenishment," 610, 698 -99; Lost in the Funhouse, 711 -12; and parody, 749; Sabbatical: A Romance, 699, 711; The Sot-Weed Factor, 711, 730, 731, 749; Tidewater Tales, 712

Barthelme, Donald, 516, 698, 699, 706, 720 -21, 742 -44, 756 -57; The Dead Father, 699, 720-21, 743 -44; Gass and, 742; and parody, 749- 50; Snow White, 699, 704, 705, 72021, 743-44

Barton, Rebecca Chalmers, Witnesses for Freedom: Negro Americans in Autobiography, 28

Baseball novels, 358

Baudelaire, Charles: Poe and, 60, 66

Baudrillard, Jean, 483, 516

Baym, Nina, 64, 73, 85, 2-89, 2-95

Beach, Rex, The Iron Trail: An Alaskan Romance, 477

Beach, Sylvia, 312, 321

The Beacon (Trinidad review), 592, 593

Beadle, Irwin, 295

Beadle and Adams, publishers, 291 -97, 299, 438

Beadle's Half-Dime Library, 296

Beadle's Monthly, 297

The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (film), 362

Beat movement, 446, 492 -93

Beattie, Ann, 482

Beattie, James, Dissertations Moral and Critical, 76 -77

Beauchemin, Yves, 572

Beaulieu, Victor-Lévy, Monsieur Melville, 582

Beauty, language of, realism and, 172, 173

Beckett, Samuel, 327, 654

Beecher, Catharine, 120 -21, 142; The American Woman's Home, 121; A Treatise on Domestic Economy, 120-21

Beecher, Lyman, 145; Plea for the West, 147; Six Sermons on Intemperance, 136

Behn, Aphra, Oroonoko, 8

Belgrave, Valerie, 605

Bell, Michael Davitt, 72

Bell, Thomas, Out of This Furnace, 349, 383

Bellamy, Edward, Looking Backward, 2000–1887, 228 -30, 470, 475 -76

Belli, Giaconda, 610

Bellow, Saul, 402, 759; The Adventures of Augie March, 497; Herzog, 498; Henderson the Rain King, 498; Humboldt's Gift, 497; Mr. Sammler's Planet, 498; Seize the Day, 497- 98; The Victim, 403

Benezet, Anthony, 140

Benjamin, Park, 287

Benoit, Jacques, 572

Bercovici, Konrad, 386

Berger, Thomas, 759; Little Big Man, 448 -49

Bergon, Frank, Shoshone Mike, 461

Bergson, Henri, 314

Berry, Don: Moontrap, 447; To Build a Ship, 447; Trask, 447

Bersianik, Louky: L'Euguelionne, 582; Le Piquenique sur l'Acropole: Cahiers d'Ancyl, 581

" Bertha M. Clay" stories, 297

Bessette, Gerard, Le Libraire (Not for Every Eye), 570

Best-sellers, 504 -5, 688; canonization and, 70; early American, 5; Russian Jewish, 385 — nineteenth century, 114, 139, 258, 271, 294; anti-Catholic, 147; early, 47, 54; late, 303, 304

Beti, Mongo, 668

Bicultural texts, Native American autobiography as, 44–45

Bildungsroman: female, 110; gay, 551; West Indian, 600

Bim (literary review), 593

Binding of books, 49

Biracial society: Faulkner and, 426 -27; Wright and, 431

Bird, Robert Montgomery, Nick of the Woods; or, The Jibbenainosay, 51, 87, 294, 437

Bird, William, 92

— 857-

Birth rate, 268; Canadian, 570; and literary market, 49

Bishop, W. H., 292

Bissoondath, Neil, A Casual Brutality, 575, 584

Black Britishers, 653, 659, 661 -62

Black Mask, 373

Black nationalism, Griggs and, 248

Blackness, power of, 106 -8

Blacks. See African Americans

Blackwell, Elizabeth, 126

Blais, Marie-Claire, 569, 759 -60; Un Joualonais, sa Joualonie (St. Lawrence Blues), 571; Une saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel (A Season in the Life of Emannuel), 569

Blaise, Clark, A North American Education, 561

Blast: The Review of the Great English Vortex, 317 -18

Blockbuster publishing, 680, 686

Blodgett, E. D., 573

Bloomer, Amelia, 137

Board of Aliens Commission, Massachusetts, 192

Boas, Franz, 421

Bojer, Johan, 389

Bok, Edward, The Americanization of Edward Bok, 385

Bolívar, Simón: García Márquez and, 527 -28

Bombal, María Luisa, 623

Bondage, Poe and, 93 -94

Bonner, Robert, 287

Bonnin, Gertrude. SeeZitkala-Ša

Bontemps, Arna: Black Thunder, 349 50, 421; God Sends Sunday, 421

Book clubs, 359, 685

The Bookman, 297

Book-of-the-Month Club, 400, 530, 685, 698

Book retailers, mass-market, 687 -88

Books, production economics, 678 -83: early American, 48

Book Union, 339

Boom, Latin American literature, 613, 615, 616, 625

Booth, Wayne C., 445

Borderland theorists, 539

Borders, nationhood and, 242 -43

Borges, Jorge Luis, 327, 609, 610 -11, 616-18, 760; "The Circular Ruins," 617; Ficciones, 616, 617; "The Garden of Forking Paths," 704; "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius," 617

Bosco, Monique, 572

Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, 142

Bourdieu, Pierre, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, 694

Bourgeois classes, and individualism, 333

Bourne, Randolph, 381

Bower, B. M. (Bertha Muzzy Sinclair), 443; Points West, 367 -68

Bowering, George: Burning Water, 563, 565; Caprice, 563

Bowles, Paul, 760; The Sheltering Sky, 491 -92

Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth, Gunnar, 389

Boyhood, idealization of, 255 -56

Brace, Charles Loring,The Dangerous Classes of New York, 381

Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, Modern Chivalry, 20 -21

Bradbury, Malcolm, 535

Bradbury, Ray, Fahrenheit 451, 480

Bradford, William, History of Plimmoth Plantation, 7, 31

Bradstreet, Anne, 31

Braeme, Charlotte M., 297

Brand, Max. See Faust, Frederick

Brathwaite, Edward Kamau, 587 -88, 655

Braun, Matt, Mattie Silks, 440

Brautigan, Richard, 450, 761; The Hawkline Monster, 450; So the Wind Won't Blow It All Away, 450; The Tokyo-Montana Express, 450; Trout Fishing in America, 450

Breton, André, 523

Bridgman, Richard, The Colloquial Style in America, 11

Briggs, Charles, The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Panic, 149

— 858-

Brink, Carol Ryrie, 457

Brinsmade, Herman, Utopia Achieved: A Novel of the Future, 475

Brisbane, Albert, Social Destiny of Man, 133

Briscoe, Mary, American Autobiography, 1945–1980, 28

British West Indian Federation, 589

Broadcast programming, 481 -82

Brodber, Erna: Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home, 595, 604 -5; Myal, 604-5

Brodhead, Richard, 72

Brodsky, Joseph, "Condition of Exile," 651 -52

Brody, Alter, 388

Brooke, Frances, The History of Emily Montague, 558

Brooke, Rupert, 318

Brook Farm, 133; Hawthorne and, 134

Brooks, Cleanth, 488

Brooks, Gwendolyn, Maud Martha, 497

Brossard, Nicole: L'Amèr, ou le chapitre effrité (These Our Mothers; or, The Disintegrating Chapter), 579; Le Désert Mauve (Mauve Desert), 581

Brother Jonathan (story paper), 287

Brown, Alanna Kathleen, 281

Brown, Charles Brockden, 22 -23, 47 49, 72, 465, 761; Arthur Mervyn, 22; Edgar Huntly, 22; Ormond, 22; Wieland, 22–23, 53, 437

Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 269

Brown, Dee: Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, 455; Creek Mary's Blood, 455

Brown, Gillian, 91

Brown, William Hill, The Power of Sympathy, 6 -9, 15 -16

Brown, William Wells, 142, 761- 62; Clotel; or, The President's Daughter, 55 -56, 151 -52, 228

Brownson, Orestes, 762; "The Laboring Classes," 148; The Spirit-Rapper, 135

Bruss, Elizabeth, 27

Brutus, Dennis, 651, 668

Bryant, Louise, 337

Buckler, Ernest, The Mountain and the Valley, 565 -66, 578

Buckley, Peter, 290 -91

Buckley, William, 518

Buffalo Bill (William F. Cody), 296, 438

Bukowski, Charles, 762; Ham on Rye, 451

Bulosan, Carlos, 405; America Is in the Heart, 462

Bunkley, Josephine, Miss Bunkley's Book: The Testimony of an Escaped Novice from the Sisterhood of Charity, 147

Buntline, Ned (E. Z. C. Judson), 288, 290-91, 296, 299, 438; Mysteries and Miseries of New York, 147; Saul Sabberday, the Idiot Spy; or, Luliona, the Seminole, 191

Burdick, Eugene, The Ugly American, 490

Burger, Peter, 691

Burgos, Elizabeth, 646

Burke, Edmund, 97; Reflections on the Revolution in France, 92

Burke, Fielding (Olive Tilford Dargan), 350; Call Home the Heart, 338, 351 -52; A Stone Came Rolling, 339, 352

Burned-over district, 132

Burroughs, Edgar Rice, 362 -63, 762; At the Earth's Core, 362; The Princess of Mars, 362; Tarzan of the Apes, 362

Burroughs, William, 502, 763; Naked Lunch, 493

Bushnell, Horace, Christian Nurture, 121

Business, writing as, 48–49

Butler, Judith, 522

Cable, George Washington, 246, 763; The Grandissimes, 243 -44

Cady, Edwin H., 439

Cage, John, 516

Cahan, Abraham, 159; The Rise of David Levinsky, 386; Yekl: A

— 859-

Cahan, Abraham (Continued) Tale of the New York Ghetto, 385 -86

Cain, James M.: Double Indemnity, 377, 378; The Postman Always Rings Twice, 377, 450

Callenbach, Ernest, Ecotopia, 459 60

Calvino, Italo, 610

Cambridge, Joan, 653

Campbell, John W., Islands of Space, 364

Campbell, Maria: Halfbreed, 576; The Book of Jessica, 576- 77

Campos, Julieta, 642 -45; Función de la novela, 642; Tiene los cabellos rojizos y se llama Sabina, 643 -45

Camus, Renaud, Tricks, 550 -51

Canada: fiction of, 558 -85; Mukherjee's views, 672 -73, 677

Canadian Renaissance, 577

Canfield, Dorothy, The Home-Maker, 388

Cantwell, Robert, The Land of Plenty, 344, 345

Capitalism, 50, 168; and culture, 285, 518; Dos Passos and, 479; Du Bois and, 210; Howells and, 184 -85; and literary marketplace, 679; and naturalist fiction, 203 -4; nineteenthcentury writers and, 67; Norris and, 261 -62; novel form and, 344; regionalism and, 256; slavery and, 221

Capote, Truman, 764; Answered Prayers, 502; Breakfast at Tiffany's, 502; In Cold Blood, 449

Capps, Benjamin, A Woman of the People, 440

Captivity narratives, 31 -33; antiCatholic, 147; Native Americans and, 45

Cárdenal, Ernesto, 610

Careers for women, nineteenth century, 126

Carew, Jan, 594, 597, 598; Black Midas, 598; The Wild Coast, 598

Caribbean fiction, 586 -606

Caribbean Rim immigrants, 406

"Caribbean Voices" (literary review), 593

Caribbean writers, 656, 668 -69, 671

Caricature, in nineteenth-century romance, 81, 83 -84

Carlyle, Thomas, and slavery, 93

Carpentier, Alejo, 521, 522, 524 -26, 609, 611 -12, 764; Explosion in a Cathedral, 525; The Kingdom of This World, 524-26; "Prologue," 523, 526

Carrier, Roch, La Guerre, Yes Sir! 571

Carroll and Graf, publishers, 393

Carver, Raymond, 521, 535, 764- 65; What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, 535

Cash, W. J., The Mind of the South, 416 -17

Caspary, Vera, Thicker Than Water, 393

Cassatt, Mary, 268

Castellanos, Rosario, 610, 633 -34, 636; Balún Canán (The Nine Guardians), 633; Oficio de Tinieblas, 633

Catalog, in postmodern fiction, 705

Categories, literary, 701

Cather, Willa, 268, 270, 273, 278 -80, 282, 283, 441; Death Comes for the Archbishop, 280, 441; A Lost Lady, 441; My Antonia, 280, 441; O Pioneers! 441; The Professor's House, 280, 441; The Song of the Lark, 279-80, 441

Catholic communities, novels of, 403

Catholic immigration, fear of, 146 -47

Cautela, Giuseppe, 398

Censorship, 668

The Century (magazine), 303

Césaire, Aimé, 92: Discourse on Colonialism, 654

Cezanne, Paul: Stein and, 313

Chain bookstores, 687 -88

Chametzky, Jules, 340, 384

Chanady, Amaryll Beatrice, 523

Chandler, Raymond, 371, 375, 765; The Big Sleep, 374, 376 -77, 450; Farewell, My Lovely, 376, 377; The Simple Act of Murder, 374

— 860-

Chang, Diana, 405

Change, Quebec and, 568 -69

Channing, William Ellery, 132

Character: Conduct and, 123; in early American novels, 10; in Gass's fiction, 740 -41; in Hawkes's fiction, 729; in postmodern fiction, 705 -6, 716, 718

Charles Scribner's Sons, 389

Charvat, William, 58, 689

Chase, Richard, 72

Chauveau, Pierre-Joseph-Oliver, 573

Chavez, Denise, 765; The Last of the Menu Girls, 536

Cheap fiction, nineteenth century, 287

Cheever, George B., Deacon Giles' Distillery, 138

Cheever, John, 508, 765- 66; Falconer, 508; The Wapshot Chronicle, 508; The Wapshot Scandal, 508

Cheney, Harriet Vaughan, A Peep at the Pilgrims, 123- 24

Chesebo, Caroline, Isa: A Pilgrimage, 111, 139

Chestnutt, Charles, 161, 178 -81, 187, 188, 241, 766; The Conjure Woman, 244 -45; "The Goophered Grapevine," 245; The House Behind the Cedars, 178, 181 -82, 187; The Marrow of Tradition, 178-81, "Po' Sandy," 245

Chicago, literary activity, 311 -12, 407

Chicago World's Columbian Exposition (1893), 189, 242, 251 -52

Chicano novels, 453, 501; fotonovela realist, 539 -40

Chicanos. See Mexican American writers

Child, Lydia Maria, 42, 105, 766, 786; The American Frugal Housewife, 116; An Appeal for the Indians, 122; An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, 91, 142; Hobomok, 112, 122; and influence of women, 116; The Mother's Book, 116, 122; Philothea, 119; Poe's reviews, 102; A Romance of the Republic, 119

Childhood, idealization of, 255- 56

Childhood illness, African American writers and, 434

Chin, Frank, 406

Chinese American fiction, 499

Chinese immigrants, first women novelists, 277

Chopin, Kate, xii, 267 -68, 270, 273, 283, 766- 67; The Awakening, 176, 225, 230 -31, 254

Christian, Barbara, 670

Christianity: domestic ideology and, 127 -28; sociology and, 192

Christian Millennium, technology and, 468

Christie, Agatha, 373

Christmas Rebellion, 97

Chu, Louis, 405, 767; Eat a Bowl of Tea, 499

Church, and novels, 12–13

Churchill, Winston, 283; Richard Carvel, 259

Ciambelli, Bernardino, 398

Cinema: film noir, 377 -78; Westerns, 367, 370 -71, 440 -41

Cisneros, Sandra, 767-68; The House on Mango Street, 536

Civil disobedience, Emerson and, 130

Civilizing influence of women, nineteenth-century idea, 115 -17, 126

Civil Rights movement, Warren and, 416

Civil War, 157, 240; Crane and, 249; and dime novel readership, 293; domesticity cult and, 121 -22; reinterpretations, 243

Clark, Walter Van Tilburg, 442 -43; The City of Trembling Leaves, 443; The Ox-Box Incident, 442-43; The Track of the Cat, 443

Clarke, Austin: The Bigger Light, 596; The Meeting Point, 596; The Prime Minister, 575; Storm of Fortune, 575

Class, social, 217; gender and, 283- 84; postmodern, 520; rebellion against, 276

— 861-

Class conflict: late nineteenth century, 158; Norris and, 262 -63; women's views, 338

Class distinctions: Davis and, 174 -77; eighteenth century, 34; proletarianism and, 337- 38

Classics, literary: Canadian, 577 -78; nineteenth century, 70 -71

Classic tradition, definition of, 111 -12

Class relations, Chesnutt and, 179 -80

Clemens, Samuel Langhorne. See Twain, Mark

Clemm, Maria, 94

Cliff, Michelle, 653, 670; Abeng, 605; Claiming an Identity They Taught Me to Despise, 605; The Land of Look Behind, 605; No Telephone to Heaven, 605

Clubs, and social change, 268

Cody, William F.See Buffalo Bill

Cohen, Matt, The Disinherited, 561

Colcord, Lincoln, 390

Cold War, 486; and postmodernism, 516; and proletarian art, 331 -33

Cole, Jonathan R., The Wages of Writing, 681 -82

Collage: Davenport and, 744; Stein's writing as, 314

Collective identification, 200

Collins, Merle, 653

Colloquial language, Twain's realism, 172

Colonialism, 254; American, 258; EuroAmerican, 30; fiction of, 257

Colonial period, historical fiction, 259

Colonization, fiction and, 650

The Colored American Magazine, 273 -74

Coltelli, Laura, 456

Coming-of-age stories, gay, 551 -52

"Coming out" stories, 551-52

Commentary, symposium on Jewish writers, 402, 403

Commercialism, women writers and, 64 -65

Commercialization of arts, 517, 518

Commercial novels, 294, 504 -5

Commercial realism, 691

Committed writers, Latin American, 614

Commodification: of arts, 669; of culture, 285, 517, 518; of marginality, 666 -67; of women, 118 -19, 201

Communalism, decline of, 50

Communism, 327, 334 -37, 485 -86; art and, 331- 32; artists and, 353; novels of, 393

Communist Party, 343 -44; and women, 338- 39

Communitarian reform groups, 133 -35

Community, sense of, and racism, 205

Community biographies, early American, 31

Competition from women, male writers and, 62–63

Complex marriage, Oneida community, 134

Compromise of 1850, 218

Conan, Laure (Marie-Louise-Félicité Angers), Angéline de Montbrun, 580, 581

Conduct, character and, 123

Conflicts, unresolved, in African American novels, 349

Conformity of avant-garde, 734 -35

Conglomerate ownership of publishers, 686 -87

Congreve, William, Incognita, 73

Connors, Ralph, The Sky Pilot: A Tale of the Foothills, 562

Conrad, Joseph: Fitzgerald and, 324 -25

Conroy, Jack, 334, 344, 346; The Disinherited, 342 -43

Conscience, Howells and, 184

Consciousness, national, West Indian, 590

Consciousness of kind concept, 205

Conservation movement, Western novelists and, 446 -47

Conservatism: of environment novels, 503; and postmodernism, 518; postWorld War II, 485- 88

Construction of gender, 542 -57

Consumer capitalism, views of, 168

— 862-

Consumption, postmodern capitalism and, 679

Control, desire for, social reform and, 136

Convent captivity novels, 147

Conventions, literary, 162; nineteenth century, 112 -13; postmodern fiction and, 699 -701, 704 -5; realist, 170, 172

Conversion narratives, 31 -33; Native Americans and, 45

Cook, William Wallace, 293, 297

Cooper, James Fenimore, 8, 23 -25, 51, 57 -59, 72, 438, 465, 766; Afloat and Ashore, 149; The Chainbearer, 143, 466; classic tradition and, 112; Home as Found, 471; The Last of the Mohicans, 51, 54, 87, 112; Leatherstocking tales, 294, 437; The Pioneers, 58, 59; Precaution, 58, 113; The Redskins, 143; revenge theme, 87; Satanstoe, 143; sea fiction, 149; The Spy, 23, 58, 59, 113; and technology, 466, 471; Twain and, 161; The Ways of the Hour, 58, 143; and women, 113; and women's rights, 143

Cooptation, minority fiction and, 502

Coover, Robert, 524 -25, 706, 712 -16, 732 -36, 768; Gerald's Party, 733; The Origin of the Brunists, 713, 733; Pricksongs and Descants, 713, 733; The Public Burning, 699, 704, 714 -16, 733-36; The Universal Baseball Association, 702, 704- 6, 713- 14, 733

Copyright laws, 12, 48

Corpi, Lucha, Delia's Song, 453

Cortázar, Julio, 62: Modelo para armar, 639

Cortina, Leonor, Lucia, 647

Coser, Lewis A., Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing, 683 -86

Cosmopolitan novels, 653

Cott, Nancy, 506

Council on Books in Wartime, 686

Counterculture movement, 492

Couser, G. Thomas, 26, 36; Altered Egos, 29

Coverdale, Henry Standish (pseud.), The Fall of the Great Republic, 471-72

Cowley, Malcolm, 336, 383

Crane, Diana, 692

Crane, Stephen, 196, 769; Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, 225, 385; "The Open Boat," 199; The Red Badge of Courage, 225, 226, 249 -50, 304; typecasting, 200

Crates, Joan, Breathing Water, 576

Creolization, 89 -90; novels of, 600, 602

Crèvecoeur, St. John de, Letters from an American Farmer, 91

Crisis, contemporary, 540

Critical social theory, Du Bois and, 210

Criticism, literary: of autobiography, 28–29; Caribbean, 597; and ethnic novels, 386 -87, 494; late nineteenth century, 161; mid-twentieth century, 485, 488; and popular literature, 286; and postmodern fiction, 701; and proletarianism, 332; Russian Jewish establishment, 388; of Western fiction, 442 -43

Crumley, James, 456

Cubism, 313 -14

Cudjoe, Selwin R., Caribbean Women Writers: Essays from the First International Conference, 604

Cullerton, Beatrice, In Search of April Raintree, 576

Cultural clashes: frontier novels, 438; magic realism and, 525

Cultural imperialism, 613, 655; Puig and, 628

Cultural influences in Native American autobiography, 45

Cultural mediation, literature of, 384, 406

Cultural relativism: Chicano novels and, 453; nineteenth century, 122 -23

Cultural values in Western fiction, 464

Cultural voice, in novels, 10 -11, 14

Culture: literary, economy and, 49; popular, 285 -86; postmodern, 515

— 863-

Culture (Continued) 20; proletarian, Communist Party and, 343 -44

---American, 12; influence of women, 113 -17, 124 -25

Cummins, Maria Susanna, 114, 271, 769; The Lamplighter, 54, 116, 117, 123, 127

Curran, Mary Doyle, 397 -98; The Parish and the Hill, 404

Custodial mission of women, domestic ideology, 126 -27

Cyberpunk fiction, 484

D'Agostino, Guido, 398

Dahlberg, Edward: Bottom Dogs, 339 40; From Flushing to Calvary, 33940; Those Who Perish, 339-40

Daly, Carroll John, The Snarl of the Beast, 373

Dana, Richard Henry, 769; Two Years Before the Mast, 149 -50

Dangarembga, Tsitsi, Nervous Conditions, 657 -68

D'Angelo, Pascal, Son of Italy, 398

Dannay, Frederic (Ellery Queen), 802

Dargan, Olive Tilford. See Burke, Fielding

Dartmouth College, 43

Davenport, Guy, 744 -46, 770; "The Dawn in Erewhon," 745; "A Field of Snow on a Slope of the Rosenberg," 745; Tatlin! 745-46

Davidson, Carter, 386; "The Immigrant Strain in American Literature," 391

Davidson, Cathy N., 9, 19; Revolution and the Word, 14

Davidson, Donald, 416

Davidson, Edward, 82

Davies, Carole Boyce, Out of the Kumbla: Caribbean Women and Literature, 604

Davies, Robertson, 567, 579, 770; Fifth Business, 578

Davis, H. L.: Honey in the Horn, 443; Winds of Morning, 443

Davis, Rebecca Harding, 188, 238, 335, 770; "At the Station," 160; and exploitation of women, 152; James's view, 162; Life in the Iron Mills, 152, 157, 160, 172 -78, 222 -26; Margret Howth, 152, 178; realism of, 160- 61; Waiting for the Verdict, 178, 187

Davis, Richard Harding, 283, 770- 71; Soldiers of Fortune, 259, 477

Dearborn, Mary, 392

Death: of loved one, nineteenth-century view, 127; of young person, moral value of, 125

de Boissiere, Ralph, 592, 593; Crown Jewel, 593; Rum and Coca Cola, 593

de Burgos, Julia, 610

de Camp, L. Sprague, Lest Darkness Fall, 361

DeCapite, Michael, 398; Maria, 399

Decentralization of literature, 250 -51

Declaration of Independence, 91

Deconstruction of gender, 542 -43

De Forest, John William, Miss Ravenel's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty, 240 -41

de Graft, Robert, 359

Delany, Martin Robison, 151, 771; Blake; or, The Huts of America, 55 -56, 151

Delany, Samuel R., 699, 704, 724 -25, 771; Dhalgren, 725; The Motion of Light in Water, 556; Nevèrÿon series, 705, 725; Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand, 554 -57; Tales of Nevèrÿon, 725; Triton, 725

Deleuze, Giles, 513

DeLillo, Don, 403, 698, 706, 707, 719 20; End Zone, 720; Great Jones Street, 720; Libra, 699; The Names, 720; Ratner's Star, 705; White Noise, 706

De Lima, Clara Rosa, 605; Tomorrow Will Always Come, 603 -4

de Lisser, Herbert G., 590 -91; Jane's Career, 591; Susan Proudleigh, 591; The White Witch of Roseball, 590-91

Dell, Floyd, 337

Democracy: autobiography and, 27; Brackenridge and, 21; novels and, -864- 14; story papers and, 288, 289; Western novels and, 369

Democratic societies, avant-garde and, 734

Demythologizing, 10 -11; avant-garde and, 734

Denning, Michael, 286, 293, 300

Dennis, Patrick (Edward Everett Tanner), Auntie Mame, 502

Depression, economic, 326; African Americans and, 348; in Canada, 570; ethnic novels, 392; and proletarian art, 331 -32, 334 -46; pulp magazines, 359

Derrida, Jacques, 516

Desktop publishing, 681

Detective fiction: African American, 496; dime novels, 294, 297; Native American, 455 -56; twentieth century, 371 -78

Detective Story Magazine, 359

Detective Tales, 373

Determinism: of Davis's work, 225 -26; and individualism, 193

Development, female, novels of, 110

Dew, Thomas R., 96

Dexter, Pete, Deadwood, 461

Dialects, 251; Québécois, 571

Dialect tales, post-Civil War, 244 -45

Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, True History of the Conquest of New Spain, 525

Dickens, Charles, Martin Chuzzlewit, 8

Dickinson, Anna, 236

Dickstein, Morris, 393

Diction, concreteness of, 11

Didion, Joan, 771 -72; Play It as It Lays, 451

DiDonato, Pietro, 398, 399 -400; Christ in Concrete, 399–400

Difference: identity and, 202 -3; racial, social evolution and, 206; social, regionalism and, 251

"Difficult fiction," 695, 700

Dime novels, 523, 285, 286, 291 -302, 304, 438; science fiction, 361

Dirkin, Douglas Leader, 391

Disappearances, Latin America, 627

Disencumbered experience, romance and, 76

Distribution of books, 685; nineteenth century, 49

Divorce, nineteenth century, 143 -44

Dix, Dorothea, 149

Dixon, Thomas, 241, 247 -248, 772; The Clansman, 363; The Leopard's Spots, 247

Doctorow, E. L., 521, 538 -39; Billy Bathgate, 538; The Book of Daniel, 11, Loon Lake, 538; Ragtime, 538; Welcome to Hard Times, 448; World's Fair, 538

Doig, Ivan, 462, 772; Dancing at the Rascal Fair, 462; English Creek, 462; Ride with Me, Mariah, Montana, 462; This House of Sky, 462

Domesticity, 115 -29, 688 -89; antebellum novels, 51; industrial world and, 223 -24; post-World War II, 486, 506 -7; reform fiction and, 230 -31, 238 -39; reform movements and, 225; slavery and, 220 -22; technology and, 473 -74

Domestic novels, 110-11, 271 -72; nineteenth century, 56, 60, 65 -66, 69 -70; story papers, 289- 90

Domination, desire for, social reform and, 136

Donleavy, J. P., 403

Donnelly, Ignatius, Caesar's Column, 472

Donoso, José, The Obscene Bird of Night, 615 -16

Doolittle, Hilda ("H.D."), 312

Dooner, P. W., Last Days of the Republic, 471

Dorris, Michael, A Yellow Raft in Blue Water, 457

Dos Passos, John, 322 -23, 326, 477, 489, 772; The Big Money, 467; influence of, 345; Manhattan Transfer, 322; and technology, 478 -79; Three Soldiers, 465; U.S.A., 322, 345, 354, 477

Dostoevsky, Feodor: Hemingway and, 321

— 865-

Double-consciousness of African Americans, 209 -10

Doubleday, publishers, 683

Doubles, as literary device, 179 -80

Douglas, Ann, The Feminization of American Culture, 91

Douglas, John, 610

Douglas, Frederick, 142, 773; and Chicago world's fair, 189; The Heroic Slave, 150 -51; The Life and Times of Frederick Douglas, 40; My Bondage and My Freedom, 40; The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself, 39–40, 220

Doval, Jorge, 527

Dragnet Magazine, 373

Dreams, Native American accounts, 43–44

Dream tales, Twain and, 169

Dreiser, Theodore, 283, 271; An American Tragedy, 191, 204; Fitzgerald and, 334; Jennie Gerhardt, 283; naturalist fiction, 203 -4; Sister Carrie, 204, 225, 226, 283

Drury, Allen, Advise and Consent, 490

Dryden, Edgar A., 72

Du Bois, W. E. B., 193, 204-10, 333; The Philadelphia Negro, 191, 206 -8; The Quest of the Silver Fleece, 210; The Souls of Black Folk, 204, 208 -10, 249, 413; The Suppression of the African SlaveTrade, 206

Duchamp, Marcel, Nude Descending a Staircase, 311

Ducharme, Réjean, 572

Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 773

Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, 270, 273

Dunne, Finley Peter, 395

Dunne, John Gregory: Dutch Shea, Jr., 451; True Confessions, 451

Dupee, F. W., Henry James, 271-72

Duplechan, Larry, Blackbird, 551

Durkheim, Emile, 206; L'Année Sociologique, 201; Suicide, 198

Duty, domesticity and, 123

Dystopia, nineteenth-century novels of, 471 -74

Eagleton, Terry, 655

Eakin, Paul John, Fictions in Autobiography: Studies in the Art of SelfInvention, 29

Eakins, Thomas, 196; The Gross Clinic, 197

Early American novels, 6 -25

Early twentieth century, 309; fiction, 335; immigration, 380 -81

Earth First! movement, 459

Eastern European immigrants, 373

Eastlake, William, 445 -46, 773-74; The Bronc People, 445, 446; Go in Beauty, 445; Portrait of an Artist with Twenty-Six Horses, 445

Eastman, Max and Crystal, 337

East Side novelists, 386 -89, 394

Eaton, Edith. See Sui Sin Far

Eaton, Winnifred. See Onoto Watanna

Eclecticism, 691

Eco, Umberto, 483

Economic factors in growth of novel, 48 -50

Economic novels, Westerns as, 369

Economic power, fiction and, 5

Economic status of writers, nineteenth century, 47–48, 58

Economy: and literary development, 49, 54 -55; and popular fiction, 287; of publishing, 680 -90, 695

Edgell, Zee, 605

Editors, 683- 84

Education: colonialist, 650, 655, 657 -68

--- of women, 269; early American ideas, 15 -16, 115; patriarchal view, 118 -19

Educators, eighteenth century, 115

Edwards, Jonathan, 13; Personal Narrative, 31

Effectism of Western novels, 439, 440

Efficiency movement, 476; and prose style, 477 -78

Eggleston, Edward, The Hoosier Schoolmaster, 255

Ehrlich, Gretel, Heart Mountain, 462

Eighteenth century: publishing, 52 -53; reading of novels, 13

— 866-

--- writings, 3 -5, 59; autobiographical, 31 -34

Einstein, Albert, 314

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 485

Electronic technology, 681; fiction and, 480 -84; symbolism of, 466 67

Eliot, George: Hawthorne and, 60

Eliot, T. S., 312, 316, 691; American society viewed by, 519; and Barnes, 328; essay on Joyce's Ulysses, 317; and Hemingway, 319; The Waste Land, 320; and World War I, 318

Elite groups: academic, literacy of, 693; invisibility of, 197; nineteenth century, and reform movements, 133; and social reform, 146 -48; sociology and, 201 -2; women, and social reform, 269

Elitism: of Stowe, 146; of Wister's The Virginian, 439

Elizondo, Salvador, Farabeud, 631

Elkin, Stanley 402; The Dick Gibson Show, 480

Ellis, Edward, 299; Seth Jones; or, The Captives of the Frontier, 295 -96; Steam-Man of the Plains, 361

Ellis, Trey, Platitudes, 482

Ellison, Ralph, 285, 430, 496, 774; Invisible Man, 435 -36, 495

Eltis, David, "Free and Coerced Transatlantic Migration: Some Comparisons," 92

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 123, 163; and alcohol, 136; "The American Scholar," 132; "Emancipation in the British West Indies," 130; "Man the Reformer," 130; "New England Reformers," 130; and realism, 162; and reform, 130- 33; "SelfReliance," 468- 69; and technology, 468- 71; Yezierska and, 387 -88; "The Young American," 169

Empire, American, 258

Empirical first-person authority, 27

Encyclopedic postmodern fiction, 705

Enfranchisement of women, domestic ideology and, 126 -27

Engineers, as popular heroes, 476 -77

England, George Allen: The Afterglow, 363; Darkness at Dawn, 363; "The Lunar Advertising Co.," 363

English language: British colonialism and, 655 -56; early American writers and, 11. See also Language

English-language fiction, postmodern, 699

English-language writers: colonialism and, 650; postcolonial, 652

English poets, World War I, 318

English-speaking Caribbean, novel development, 586–606

Enlightenment: and abolitionist movement, 140; and social reform, 132; and sociology, 192; youth viewed by, 115

En'Owkin Writing Center, 577

Entrée, cultural, 519- 20

Environment, literature of, 459 -60, 503 -9

Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 745, 751

Epic poems, technological themes, 468

Erasure, works written under, 566

Erdrich, Louise, 457, 774; The Beet Queen, 457; Love Medicine, 457; Tracks, 457

Erisman, Fred, 455 -56

Erotic power of women, nineteenthcentury idea, 124 -25

Escape narratives, nineteenth century, 257 -58; sea fiction, 148 -51

Escapism: of science fiction, 365; Westerns and, 368

Essentialist view of social change, 207

Ethnic identity: gender and, 283 -84; Mukherjee and, 673; novels of, 494 -95

Ethnic literature, 44, 382 -406, 494-95; autobiography, 27; Canada, 573 -77; late twentieth century, 499 -501; early American, 9

Etzler, Johann A., The Paradise within the Reach of All Men, without Labour, by the Powers of Nature and Machinery, 469

European Americans, World War II, 402

— 867-

European immigration, 92; autobiographical writings, 31. See also Immigration

European modernism, magic realism and, 524

European poetry, World War I, 318

Evangelicalism: and Catholic immigration, 147; and social reform, 131 32; in Uncle Tom's Cabin, 145

Evans, Augusta Jane, 774 -75; St. Elmo, 110, 298

Evans, Max, The Rounders, 440

Evans, May Garrettson, 94

Evil, socially constructed, James and, 167 -68

Evolution, social: contradictory groups, 202; Du Bois and, 206; James and, 200

Evolutionary analysis of society, 192 -93

Excesses, in avant-garde fiction, 732

Exclusivity, autonomy and, 691

Exile, 649, 650 -52; education and, 655; literature of, 654; political, 668

Existentialism, 487, 489, 491 -92, 494; Mailer and, 493

Expansionism, late nineteenth century, 158

Expatriate movement, 312

Expatriate writers: Nabokov, 707; West Indian, 593, 596, 600

Expatriation, 649- 51; education and, 657; in Canada, Mukherjee and, 672 -73

Experience, modes of, in early American novels, 10

Experimental writing: Canadian, 571, 579, 581; early twentieth century, 335; postmodern, 699; proletarian, 344 -46; Stein and, 215; by women, 695, 699

Exploitation: Western novels and, 437; of women, nineteenth century, 152 -53

Explorers, autobiographical writings, 29 -30

Expression, means of, in early American writings, 11

Expressionism, Fitzgerald and, 326

Fable: Melville and, 87; Twain and, 169

Fact, early American fiction based on, 14 -18

Factory workers, dime novels and, 294

FactSheet Five, 681

Failure, avant-garde fiction and, 731 -32

Fairchild, Henry Pratt, The Melting-Pot Mistake, 381

Falardeau, Jean-Charles, Notre société et son roman, 572

family: public supervision, 50; rebellion against, 278

Family Story Paper, 297

Fanon, Frantz, 657; Black Skin, White Masks, 106

Fantasy, 302; Butler's views, 522

Fante, John, Wait Until Spring, Bandini, 398 -99

Farah, Nurrudin, 668

Farm conditions, reform of, 235 -36

Farnsworth, Robert M., Chesnutt viewed by, 181

Farrell, James T., 326, 395 -97; Judgment Day, 396; Stud's Lonigan, 354, 396-97; Young Lonigan, 396; The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan, 396, 397

Far West (magazine), 302- 3

Far West, political rhetoric, 294- 95

Fascism, 317

Fashionable life, femininity and, nineteenth-century views, 120

Fathers, immigrant, 676

Faulkner, William, 315, 322, 426 -30, 432, 775; Absalom! Absalom! 428, 703; Anderson and, 327; As I Lay Dying, 444; Flags in the Dust, 427; Go Down, Moses, 428, 432; Intruder in the Dust, 428, 432; Light in August, 428, 434; Sartoris, 427; Soldier's Pay, 427; The Sound and the Fury, 326, 427, 432

Fauset, Jessie, 411, 420 -21; There Is Confusion, 420-21

Faust, Frederick (Max Brand), 366, 379, 775- 76; Hired Guns, 366, 367; Montana Kind series, 440; The Untamed, 366

— 868-

Feal Rosemary Geisdorfer, 646 -47

Fee, Margery, 576

Fees for story-paper writings, 288

Female experience, proletarian, 350. See also Women

Feminine mystique, 486

Femininity, nineteenth-century ideas, 111, 272

Feminism: and abolitionism, 142 -43, 218; in Alcott's Work, 125- 26; Bellamy's Looking Backward and, 230; Butler and, 522; communism and, 339; domesticity and, 118 -26; early American, 18 -19, 126 -27; and experimental fiction, 699; Garland and, 235 -36;in Hurston's novels, 424; late nineteenth century, 269; and lesbian fiction, 501 -2; in nineteenth-century domestic novels, 113, post-World War II, 505 -7; and slave autobiography, 41 -42; of Stein, 316; in Uncle Tom's Cabin, 144 -45; and Western fiction, 457 58; of Yezierska, 387 -88

Feminist writing: Canadian, 567, 581; Caribbean, 604 -5; Latin American, 614 -15, 629, 633 -47; nineteenth century, 111; postmodern, 532, 698, 723 -24

Feminization of American culture, 114 -17

Ferguson, Adam, Essay on the History of Civil Society, 191 -92

Ferguson, Harvey: The Conquest of Don Pedro, 443; Grant of Kingdom, 443

Fern, Fanny (Sara Payson Willis), 65, 776; and marriage, 143 -44; Rose Clark, 143-44; Ruth Hall, 54, 63 64, 69, 87, 111, 143, 152

Fernández Retamar, Roberto, 613 -14; Calibán, 613

Ferré, Rosario, 623, 635-36; Maldito amor (Sweet Diamond Dust), 635; Papeles de Pandora, 635

Ferro, Robert, The Family of Max Desir, 551

Ferron, Jacques, La Nuit (Quince Jam), 570

Fiction, 5; autobiography and, 4–5, 29, 45; avant-garde, 727 -51; domesticity and, 110 -29; early American views, 9 -10; early twentieth century, 309 -10; economy and, 49 -50; gender and, 267 -84; immigrant experience, 382; late nineteenth century, 157 -58; republican ideology and, 48; and social reform, 131 -54, 217 39; and technology, 465 -84

Fiction Collective, 813

Fido, Elaine Savory, Out of the Kumbla: Caribbean Women and Literature, 604

Fiedler, Leslie, 285 -86, 383, 395, 403, 728

Fielding, Henry, Joseph Andrews, 4

Fields, James, T., 61

Fifth House Publishing, 577

Fillmore, Millard, 218

Film noir, 377 -78

Films See Cinema

Financial affairs, nineteenth-century women and, 65

Financial status of writing profession, 47–48; nineteenth century, 58

Findley, Timothy: Famous Last Words, 582; Not Wanted on the Voyage, 566, 582

Fine, David, Lost Angeles in Fiction, 451

Finley, Martha, 776; Elsie Dinsmore, 110, 123

Finney, Charles Grandison, 132, 133, 136; and novel reading, 137 -38; and slavery, 140 -41

Fireside Companion, 297

Firs-person narratives, Native American, 43

First-person pronoun: and authority, 26–27; autobiography and, 28–29

Fisher, Dexter, 281

Fisher, Philip, 197; Hard Facts, 98

Fisher, Rudolph, 422

Fisher, Vardis: Dark Bridwell, 443; In Tragic Life, 443

Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 312, 315, 322, 323 -26, 395, 408, 428 -29, 451, 776- 77; Flappers and Philosphers,

— 869-

Fitzgerald, F. Scott (Continued) 323; The Great Gatsby, 323, 324 26; The Last Tycoon, 323; Tales of the Jazz Age, 323; Tender Is the Night, 326; This Side of Paradise, 323

Fitzgerald, Zelda Sayre, 323, 428, 776 -77

Flack, Richard, 338

The Flag of Our Union (story paper), 289, 290

Flaubert, Gustave, 691, 736; Fitzgerald and, 324; Madame Bovary, 74; Stein and, 312

Fliegelman, Jay, 22

Flight from society, male novels of, 117 -18

Flint, Timothy, The Shoshonee Valley, 437

Flores, Angel, "Magic Realism in Spanish American Fiction," 523 -24

Flow, in broadcast programming, 481 -82

Flynn, Robert, North to Yesterday, 461

Flynn's Clues, 373

Focus (literary review), 593

Foerster, Norman, 397

Foley, Barbara, 338

Folio, Fred, Lucy Boston; or, Women's Rights and Spiritualism, 143

Folk Culture: Hurston and, 421 -22; mass literature and, 286; Toomer and, 418 -19

Foote, Mary Hallock, 438, 452, 777; The Led-Horse Claim, 438

Forbes, Kathryn Anderson McLean), Mama's Bank Account, 504 -5

Ford, John: Stagecoach (film), 367; Straight Shooting (film), 370

Ford, Paul Leicester, Janice Meredith, 259

Ford, Richard, 449 -50, 777; The Sportswriter, 484; Wildfire, 450

Ford-Smith, Honor, 655, 668

Foreign novels, pirated, 48

Forgione, Louis, Men of Silence, 398

Formula fiction, 305; adventure stories, 360; and American ideology, 358 59; detective novels, 371 -78; dime novels, 294 -97, 298; frontier narratives, 438; pulp magazines, 302, 359; story papers, 288 -89; Westerns, 366 -71, 437, 439 -40

Foster, David William, 629 -30

Foster, Hannah, 777; The Coquette, 5, 9, 16–18, 52

Fotonovela realism, 539 -41

Foucault, Michel, 202, 516

Fourier, Charles, 133

Fowler, Orson, 137

Fox, John, The Boys on the Rock, 551

Fox, Mary, The Ruined Deacon, 138

Fragmentation of self, gothic novels and, 22

France, Americans in, 312

Frank, Andre Gunder, 528

Frank, Waldo, Holiday, 418

Frankfurt School, and popular culture, 285

Franklin, Benjamin: and abolition, 140; Autobiography, 27, 35 -37

Franklin, Temple, 36

Free African Americans, 55

Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins, 250, 254 55, 778; "A Church Mouse," 255; "A New England Nun," 255; Pembroke, 254-55; "The Revold to 'Mother,'" 255

French, Paul. See Asimov, Isaac

French Canada, 567 -73

French feminism, influence in Canada, 581

French intellectuals, and postmodernism, 516- 17

French Revolution, Poe and, 97

Freud, Sigmund, 487; Interpretation of Dreams, 313

Freudanism, 489

Friedan, Betty, 486; Feminine Mystique, 505

Friedman, Bruce Jay, 402

Frontiers, nationhood and, 242 -43

Frontier stories, 437- 38; dime novels, 294-97; romances, 260 -61, 294-97

Frost, Robert, 311

— 870-

Frothingham, Charles, The Convent's Doom, 147

Frye, Northrop, 577

Fuchs, Daniel, Williamsburg trilogy, 393

Fuentes, Carlos, 522, 613, 620 -21, 778; Christopher Unborn, 620- 22; The Death of Artemio Cruz, 620; Terra Nostra, 620-21

The Fugitive (magazine), 414

Fugitives, 408, 414

Fugitive Slave Act, 217 -18

Fuller, Margaret, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, 101 -2, 134, 142 -43

Fulton, Robert, 468

Fundamentalism, 660

Fussell, Paul, The Great War and Modern Memory, 318

Futurology, 539

Gaddis, William, JR, 732

Gaer, Yosef, 388

Gaines, Ernest, A Gathering of Old Men, 432; "The Sky Is Gray," 434

Gale, Zona, 283

Gallant, Mavis, 567

Gallegos, Rómulo, Doña Barbara, 611

Galsworthy, John, The Forsyte Saga, 314

García Canclini, Néstor, 539

García Márquez, Gabriel, 521, 522, 526 -28, 610, 616, 618 -20, 719, 778- 79; The Autumn of the Patriarch, 526, 619; "Big Mama's Funeral," 526; The General in His Labyrinth, 523, 527 -28, 619; Leafstorm, 526; No One Writes to the Colonel, 619; One Hundred Years of Solitude, 526-28, 529, 615 -16, 618- 19

Gardner, Erie Stanley, 371 -72, 779; The Case of the Velvet Claws, 371

Gardner, John, 699, 739, 779- 80; October Light, 480

Garfield, James, and Wallace, 258

Garland, Hamlin, 250, 780; Boy Life on the Prairie, 255; "God's Ravens," 253; and Howells, 234; "The Land of the Straddle-Bug," 236; "The Lion's Paw," 255; "Local Color in Fiction," 251 -52; MainTravelled Roads, 252; and regionalism, 251-52, 253; Rose of Dutcher's Coolly, 236; A Spoil of Office, 226, 235 -36

Garrison, William Lloyd, 39, 140 -41, 142

Garro, Elena, 623

Gaspé, Philippe-Ignace-François Aubert de, L'Influence d'un livre, 567

Gaspé, Philippe-Joseph Aubert de, Les Anciens Canadiens, 567

Gass, William, 609, 729, 739- 42, 780; "The Concept of Character in Fiction," 740; In the Heart of the Heart of the Country, 739; Omensetter's Luck, 739, 741; The Tunnel, 739, 741; Willie Masters' Lonesome Wife, 739

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 413

Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri, 317, 318

Gay community, postwar period, 501 -2; fiction, 502, 549 -57

Gaze, male, domesticity and, 123 -26

Gedin, Per, 679, 680, 692

Geertz, Clifford, 531

Gender: construction of, 542 -57; and income from writing, 682; modernism and, 316; proletarianism and, 333, 351 -52; as social category, 217; taste and, 694 -96; technology and, 475

— and fiction, 267 -84; Latin America, 629 -31; nineteenth century, 51, 111 -12; science fiction, 360 -61

— stereotyping: post- World War II, 486; women writers and, 505 -7

General welfare, and private interest, 50

Genre fiction, 465, 682

German Jewish merchants, immigrant novels, 384 -85

Gernsback, Hugo, Ralph 124 C 41+, 360

Ghetto narratives, 382

Gibbons, Kaye, Ellen Foster, 430

Giddings, F. H., 205

Gilded Age, 158

— 871-

Gillette, King Camp, The Human Drift, 474

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 333, 780 81; Herland, 475; The Man-Made World, 272 -73; "Men and Art," 272-73; "The Yellow Wallpaper," 176, 230 -31

Gilman, Richard, 740

Gilroy, Beryl, 653

Giquère, Diane, 572

Glantz, Margo, 623

Glasgow, Ellen, 267, 273, 283

Glass, Montague, 389

Glass, Philip, 516

Gloss, Molly, The Jump-Off Creek, 462

Godard, Barbara, "The Discourse of the Other: Canadian Literature and the Question of Ethnicity," 573

Godbout, Jacques: Le Couteau sur la table (The Knife on the Table), 570; Salut Galarneau! (Hail Galarneau!), 571

Godey's Lady's Book, 91, 121 -22, 303

Godfrey, Dave, The New Ancestors, 584

The God That Failed, 486

Gold, Michael, 343 -44; "Go Left, Young Writers," 337; Jews Without Money, 334 -39, 393 -94

Goldman, Emma, 268 -69, 323

Goldwyn, Samuel: The Border of the Legion (film), 370; and Yezierska, 388 -89

Gonzales, Ambrose, Black Border, 420

González Echevarría, Roberto, 523 -24, 525, 611, 625 -26; Myth and Archive, 626; The Voice of the Masters, 625-26

Goodison, Lorna, 667

Goodman, Paul, Growing Up Absurd, 485

Gordon, Mary, 404

Gothic novels: early American, 21 -23; nineteenth century, 47, 87

Goyen, William, 461

Graft, Gerald, 692 -93

Graham, Sylvester, 137

Granich, Itzok. See Gold, Michael

Grass, Günter, 678

Grau, Shirley Ann: The Black Prince and Other Stories, 414; The Keepers of the House, 414

Graves, Michael, 516

Great American Novel, search for, 241

Great Britain: colonialism, 655; excolonial immigrants, 652 -53; literary culture, 47

Great Depression, 326; African Americans and, 348; in Canada, 570; ethnic novels, 392; and proletarian art, 331 -32; proletarian fiction and, 334- 46; pulp magazines, 359

Greenberg, Robert M., 347

Greene, Anna Katherine, That Affair Next Door, 373

Greenwich Village Bohemia, 337

Gregory, Horace, 353

Grenfell, Julian, 318

Grey, Francis, The Curé of St. Philippe, 562

Grey, Zane, 370- 71, 439 -40, 443, 781; The Call of the Canyon, 370, 371; The Last of the Plainsmen, 371; Riders of the Purple Sage, 368; The Shepard of Guadeloupe, 370; 30,000 on the Hoof, 370

Griffith, D. W.: The Birth of a Nation (film), 274, 363, 772; Ramona (film), 370

Griffiths, Linda, The Book of Jessica, 576 -77

Griggs, Sutton, 241, 781; Imperium in Imperio, 248

Grimké, Angelina, Letters to Catharine E. Beecher, 142

Grimké, Sarah, 142, 143

Griswold, Rufus, 287

Group culture, Native Americans and, 43–44

Group identity: late twentieth century, 494 -95; minority fiction and, 503 -5

Groups, social reform, 133

Grove, Frederick Philip, Settlers of the Marsh, 564

Guattari, Félix, 513

Guest, Judith, Ordinary People, 682 -83

Guillén, Nicolás, 524, 609

Guilt, Latin American writing and, 614

— 872-

Gulf and Western, 687

Gurr, Andrew, 650 -51

Guthrie, A. B., 781; The Big Skay, 443; The Way West, 443

Gutman, Herbert, 177

Guy, Rosa, 605; Bird at My Window, 603 -4

Guyana, fiction from, 596 -98

Habegger, Alfred, 271 -72

Habermas, Jürgen, 521

Habit, psychology of, 211

Hacker, Marilyn, 556

Hacking, Ian, "Making Up People," 191, 215

Hale, Sarah, 65, 91, 122; The Lecturess, 122; Northwood, 122

Haliburton, Thomas C., The Clockmaker; or, The Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville, 560, 561

Hall, G. Stanley, 255

Hall, Oakley, 455

Halper, Albert, 386; Union Square, 345

Hammett, Dashiell, 373, 781- 82; The Maltese Falcon, 374, 376, 450; Red Harvest, 373, 374- 76

Hansen, Marcus, 389

Hapgood, Hutchins, The Spirit of the Ghetto, 381

Hard-boiled detective fiction, 372 -78

Hating, Keith, 552

Harland, Henry (Sidney Luska): Mrs. Prexiada, 384; The Yoke of the Thorab, 384

Harlem Renaissance, 322, 421; Hurston and, 422

Harlequin Romances, 301, 378

Harlow, Robert, Scann, 565

Harmony Society, 133

Harper, Frances Ellen, 142, 273, 283; Iola Leroy, 228

Harper Bros., publishers, 53

Harper's Monthly Magazine, 27, 303

Harper's Weekly, 303

Harrigan, Edward, 395

Harris, Joel Chandler, Uncle Remus stories, 244

Harris, Mark: Bang the Drum Slowly, 492; The Southpaw, 492

Harris, Wilson, 587, 589, 593, 594, 596- 97

Harrison, Dick, Unnamed Country: The Struggle for a Prairie Fiction, 562

Harrison, James, 96

Harte, Bret, 438

Haslam, Gerald, 446

Hassan, Ihab, 319, 521, 739

Hawkes, John, 701 -2, 707, 709 -10, 728 -29, 736, 782; The Lime Twig, 728, 729; Second Skin, 706, 70910, 729; Travesty, 729

Hawley, Cameron, Executive Suite, 507

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 5, 8, 52, 60 -62, 66 -69, 72 — , 465, 782- 83; "The Artist of the Beautiful," 75; "The Birthmark," 83–84; The Blithedale Romance, 63, 66, 75, 134 -36; and caricature, 83–84; "The CustomHouse," 75, 92 — ; and domestic novels, 112; "Ethan Brand," 83–84; "The Haunted Mind," 76–77; The House of the Seven Gables, 52, 59, 66, 73, 75, 87, 112, 135 -36; and imagination, 75–77; "The Man of Adamant," 83; The Marble Faun, 75, 87; and mesmerism, 135-36; "The Minister's Black Veil," 84; Mosses from an Old Manse, 53; "My Kinsman, Major Molineux," 84; "A Parable," 84; and realism, 162; and reform, 134-36; and romance, 73, 105; The Scarlet Letter, 50, 61, 63, 83–86, 112, 117; "The Snow-Image," 75; Twice-Told Tales, Poe's review, 105; and women writers, 62–63, 110, 117, 271

Haycox, Ernest, 367

Haymarket Riot, 158

Head, Bessie, 651; A Question of Power, 671 -72

Health reforms, nineteenth century, 137

Heap, Jane, 312

Hearn, Lafcadio, 783; Chita, 254

Hearne, John, 593, 594, 598; Autumn Equinox, 599; The Faces of Love, 599; Land of the Living, 599–600;

— 873-

Hearne, John (Continued) Stranger at the Gate, 599; The Sure Salvation, 600; Voices under the Window, 599

Heath, Stephen, 644

Hébert, Anne, Kamouraska, 580

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Phenomenology of Mind, 104

Heidegger, Martin, Being and Time, 487

Heller, Erich, Thomas Mann: The Ironic German, 750 -51

Heller, Joseph, 783 -84; Catch-22, 491

Helper, Hinton, 54 -55

Hemingway, Ernest, 249, 312, 314, 315, 318 -22, 408, 477 -78, 479, 784; Death in the Afternoon, 321; A Farewell to Arms, 319; For Whom the Bell Tolls, 321; Green Hills of Africa, 321; influences on, 324; In Our Time, 477; A Moveable Feast, 322; The Old Man and the Sea, 321; The Sun Also Rises, 319- 20, 477-78

Hémon, Louis, Maria Chapdelaine, 568

Henry, Will, From Where the Sun Now Stands, 440

Hentz, Caroline Lee, 64; Linda, 64, 110; The Planter's Northern Bride, 145

Herberg, Will, 402

Herbst, Josephine, 332, 339, 345, 353, 354 -55; The Executioner Waits, 354; Pity Is Not Enough, 354; Rope of Gold, 354-55

Hernández, Jaime and Gilbert, 539 -41; Chelo's Burden, 540; Heartbreak Soup, 540; House of Raging Women, 540; Locas, 540; Love and Rockets, 539- 40; Las Mujeres Peridas, 540; Music for Mechanics, 540; The Reticent Heart, 540

Heroes: in adventure fiction, 378 -79; in formula Westerns, 366; in frontier novels, 438

Heroic tales, dime novels, 294

Heroine, democratic, working girl as, 298

Hester Street (film), 385

Heyward, DuBose, 417, 418; Mamba's Daughters, 418; Porgy, 418

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 132

High modernism, 318- 19, 326 -27; conservatism of, 316 -17; Davenport and, 744; lesbian fiction, 501; postmodernism and, 521

Highsmith, Patricia, The Price of Salt, 501- 2

Hijuelos, Oscar, 406

Hildreth, Richard, The Slave; or, Memoirs of Archy Moore, 141

Hillerman, Tony, 455 -56; The Blessing Way, 455; Coyote Waits, 455; Talking God, 455; A Thief of Time, 455

Himes, Chester, 495 -96; Cotton Comes to Harlem, 495; The Heat's On, 495; If He Hollers Let Him Go, 495; The Real Cool Killers, 495

Hirsch, David H., 72

Hirsch, E. D., Jr., Cultural Literacy, 666

Historical narrative: García Márquez and, 618; postmodern, 533

Historical novels, 15 -18, 252; Twain and, 256; West Indies, 598 -99

— romances: Cooper and, 58; Jamaican, 590 -91; nineteenth century, 112, 158, 257 -63; by women, 119 20, 123 -24

Historiographic metafiction: Canadian, 565; postmodernism and, 522, 705

History, xiii; collective sense, 514; Latin American, reevaluation of, 607 -9; postbellum fiction and, 157; postmodernism and, 538 -39, 714 -16, 718 -19, 721

Hobsbawm, Eric, 197

Hobson, Laura Z., Gentleman's Agreement, 490

Hodge, Merle, 605; Crick Crack Monkey, 595

Hodgin, Jack, Invention of the World, 565

Hofstadter, Richard, 488

Holleran, Andrew, Dancer from the Dance, 549

Holmes, John Clellon, Go, 492

Holocaust novels, 403

— 874-

Holt, Hamilton, editor, The Life Stories of Undistinguished Americans as Told by Themselves, 384

Home: expatriate, 654; and identity, 651 -52; social reform and, 238 -39; work in, nineteenth century, 52

Homestead strike, 158

Homophobia, of Hemingway, 321

Homosexuality: Baldwin and, 496; Cather and, 279 -80; Latin America, 627, 629 -31; literature of, 544 -57; post-World War II, 501 -2

Hood, Hugh, The New Age, 566

Hooks, Bell, 695

Hopedale Community, 133

Hopkins, Pauline, 159, 267, 273 -75, 282, 283, 784; Contending Forces, 273-75; Hagar's Daughter, 274; Of One Blood, 274-75; Winona, 274

Horgan, Paul, 784- 85; Far from Cibola, 443; Whitewater, 443

Horkheimer, Max, 210

Hospital, Janette Turner, 567

Hostility, in naturalist fiction, 202

Hough, Emerson, The Covered Wagon, 446

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 486

Housewives, post- World War II novels of, 506 -7

Howe, E. W., 438; The Story of a Country Town, 255

Howe, Irving, 395

Howells, William Dean, 27, 158, 188, 196, 385, 785; Annie Kilburn, 23233; A Hazard of New Fortunes, 168, 183 -84, 233 -34, 466; influences on, 271 -72; "Mr.James's Later Work," 271; and realism, 161, 168, 181 -82; and regional fiction, 250; The Rise of Silas Lapham, 157, 182 -87; Through the Eye of the Needle, 168; A Traveler from Altruria, 168

How-to manuals, novels as, 51, 69

Hughes, Langston, 322, 422; Not Without Laughter, 421

Hugo, Richard, 462

Hulme, T. E., 317, 318

Human body, detective fiction and, 375 -76

Human reciprocity, sociological view, 190

Hum-ishu-ma (Mourning Dove), 170 71, 273, 280 -82, 283, 455; Cogewea, the Half-Blood, 280-82; Coyote Stories, 282

Humor: Canadian, 560 -61; Caribbean, 601 -2; Southwestern, 55

Humphrey, William, 461

Hurst, Fannie, 386

Hurston, Zora Neale, 268, 322, 421 25, 785; "The Eatonville Anthology," 422; Jonah's Gourd Vine, 422, 423; Moses, Man of the Mountain, 423; Mules and Men, 421- 22; Their Eyes Were Watching God, 348, 422, 423- 24

Hutcheon, Linda, 522, 565, 585; Study of Contemporary English-Canadian Fiction, 583

Huxley, Aldous, 451

Hyperreality, 483 -84

Idealization: of negroes, 91; Poe and, 94 -95; of women, slavery and, 102

Ideas, avant-garde, 729

Identity, 29, 202 -3; Cable and, 243 44; cultural, minority fiction and, 503 -5; hiding of, 278; home and, 651-52; homosexual, 551 -55; Jewish, 403; literature of, post-World War II, 509; of Mukherjee, 673 -74; naming and, 675; negotiation of, 652 -53; novels of, 494; postcolonial, 649, 659 -61; primitive, views of, 264; racism and, 187; society and, 485–509; Stein and, 212; Twain and, 246

— national, 242; African American, 248; American, 27, 408 -9; Canadian, 565; Caribbean, 588 -90, 603, 604 -5; Connecticut Yankee and, 257; Latin American, 608, 613; Native American, 43; racism and, 263; regionalism and, 251

— racial, 106, 409, 435 -36; Hurston and, 423; in slave narratives, 38

— 875-

Ideology: American, formula fiction and, 358 -59; Caribbean, 589; of domesticity, 115 -17, 118; and fiction, 50; realism and, 522; science fiction and, 363 -64; of slavery, Poe and, 102; Stein and, 213 -15; of technology, 467; of Western fiction, 369

I'll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition by Twelve Southerners, 415

Imagery: in Chesnutt's realism, 180; sexual, James and, 165

Imagination: African Americans and, 105; in autobiography, 45; Hawthorne and, 75–77; James and, 163, 166 -67; in Native American autobiography, 44; Poe and, 77–80; reading and, 543 -45; realist fiction and, 187, 199

Imagism, 317

Immigrant women, 269; suffragists and, 126; as writers, 273

Immigration, 380 -81; Britain and, 653; Catholic, fear of, 146 -47; democratization of laws, 406; and literary market, 49; Mukherjee and, 672 73; nineteenth century, 158, 268; race and, 92; and regionalism, 251; sociology and, 192; twentieth century, 408, 409. See also Migrations — novels of, 382–406, 403 -4, 653, 660 -65, 674 -77; Canadian, 574 75; reform novels, 236 -38; Scandinavian, 389; Westerns, 441; West Indian, 595, 600 -602

Imperialism: American, 259 -60, 654; literature of, 650, 658; Norris and, 263; post-Civil War, 248 -49; technology and, 469 -70

Inclusion, cultural, 519 -20

Income from writing, 681 -82, 689

Indian captivity narratives, 31 -33

Indians. See Native Americans Indigenista novels, 611

Individual experience, realist fiction, 199

Individualism: American, 359; autobiography and, 27; Bellow and, 497; capitalism and, 344; communism and, 353; in detective fiction, 374; Du Bois and, 208; Hemingway and, 321; mid-twentieth century, 485, 489 -94; Native Americans and, 43; post-World War II, 486 -87; and social control, 195 -96; sociology and, 193; and technology, 469; type categories and, 191; working class and, 333

Individuality, Stein and, 212 -13

Industrialism, 285, 465 -66

Industrialization of Canada, 570

Industrial reform, 227 -28, 232 -33; Sinclair's The Jungle and, 237 -38

Industry, realist novels of, 223 -26

Inés de la Cruz, Sor Juana, 624

Inflation: postmodern capitalism and, 679; in publishing prices, 686

Influence of women, nineteenth century, 115-17; erotic nature of, 124 -25

Ingraham, Prentiss, 296, 299, 438

Initiation journey, captivity narrative as, 32–33

Innocence, nostalgia for, 255 -56

Instability of early American novels, 6

Institutional authority, reform and, 149 -50

Institutions of social reform, 148 -49

Insurrection of lower class, fears of, 147

Intellectualism, and Marxism, 485- 86

Intellectuals, immigrant, 381

Intellectual women, nineteenth century, 63; African American, 127; and Civil War, 122; and social work, 126

Interconnectedness, Caribbean, 587 -88

Interdependence, realist fiction and, 200

Internal colonization, 650, 654- 55

Internalization, in realist fiction, 199

International aid agencies, 668 -69

International copyright, lack of, 12

Interracial community, post-Civil War views, 246 -48, 261

Interracial marriage, as theme, 122

Interrelation of social categories, 217

Intimacy, forced, of slavery, 90 -91

— 876-

Invisibility, social, 545 -46; privileged, of rich people, 197

Irigaray, Luce, 723

Irish ethnic novels, 384, 395 -98, 403, 404

Irony: Fitzgerald and, 324; Millhauser and, 749, 751; in Western fiction, 445

Irving, Washington, 7, 11, 12, 57 -59, 72, 786; The Alhambra, 58; Bracebridge Hall, 58; and fiction, 9 -10; History of New York, 58–59; The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., 58–59

Isherwood, Christopher, 451

Islas, Arturo, 521, 522, 524, 528 -29, 530; Migrant Souls, 522, 530, 531 32; The Rain God, 453, 522, 530- 31

Italian ethnic novels, 384- 85, 398 -401, 404- 5

Jackson, Helen Hunt, 241, 438, 786; Ramona, 260 -61, 438; movie of, 370

Jackson, Shirley: Life Among the Savages, 507; "The Lottery," 507; We Have Always Lived in the Castle, 507

Jackson, William Henry, 370

Jacobs, Barbara, 623

Jacobs, Harriet, 127, 786; Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself, 39, 40 -43, 105, 153

Jaffe, Rona, The Best of Everything, 506

Jamaica: novels from, 590, 598 -600; slave revolt, 97

James, C. L. R., 592 -93; The Black Jacobins, 593; The Case for West Indian Self-Goverment, 593; Minty Alley, 592, 593; "Triumph," 592

James, Henry, 188, 196, 787; The American, preface to, 74; "American Heiress," 191; The Art of Fiction, 161; The Awkward Age, 200 -201, 203; bosses viewed by, 197; and Civil War, 240; and Davis, 162; Fitzgerald and, 324; The Golden Bowl, 168; Howells and, 182; influences on, 271 -72; In the Cage, 197- 99; "The Jolly Corner," 168; The Portrait of a Lady, 162- 68; realism of, 168; and romance, 74; typecasting, 200; The Wings of the Dove, 168

James, William, 312, 313; Stein and, 211; The Varieties of Religious Experience, 195

Jameson, Fredric, 378, 517, 518, 521, 568, 699; "Postmodernism; or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism," 538 -39

Janklow, Morton, 684

Japanese Americans, 499 -500

Japanese culture, Hearn and, 254

Jasmin, Claude, PIeure pas, Germaine, 571

Jazz, 409

Jazz Age, Fitzgerald and, 323

Jefferson, Thomas, 13, 53, 54, 56; Notes on the State of Virginia, 93, 102; and reform, 132; and slavery, 93, 102

Jewett, Sarah Orne, 159, 273, 282, 787- 88; Cather and, 279; The Country of the Pointed Firs, 250 51, 253 -54, 255; regionalism of, 252 -54, 255

Jewish Americans, novels by, 495, 497 -99

Jewish ethnic novels, 384- 87, 402; depression years, 393

Jim Crow laws, 411, 430

Joaquin Blanco, Jose, 628

]oaul (Qubcois dialect), 571

John Reed Clubs, 343 -44

Johns Hopkins Medical School, 21112

Johnson, Amelia, 283

Johnson, Diane, The Shadow Knows, 461

Johnson, Dorothy, 457

Johnson, Edward, The Wonder-Working Providence of Sions Saviour in NewEngland, 31, 468

— 877-

Johnson, James Weldon, The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man, 278, 416

Johnson, Philip, 516

Johnston, Mary, To Have and to Hold, 259

Jolas, Eugene, 327

Jonas, George, Final Decree, 574

Jones, "Buffalo," 370

Jones, Douglas C., 455

Jones, James, 788; From Here to Eternity, 491

Jones, LeRoi. See Baraka, Amiri Jones, Marion Patrick: Jouvert Morning, 605; Pan Beat, 605

Jordan, Winthrop, 91

Journalism: late nineteenth century, 250; sociological, 381

Joyce, James, 314, 327, 654; and Barnes, 328; Dubliners, 313; Finnegans Wake, 327; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 313, 327; Pound and, 313; Ulysses, 326

Judicial system, mid- twentieth-century novels and, 490

Judson, E. Z. C.See Buntline, Ned

Justice, in Western fiction, 368

Juvenile fiction: dime novels, 294; early twentieth century, 357 -58; nickel series, 300

Kadushin, Arthur, Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing, 683 -86

Kafka, Franz, 524

Kang, Younghill, 383; East Goes West, 405

Kaplan, Louis, Bibliography of American Autobiographies, 28

Kattan, Naim, 574

Kazan, Elia, America! America! 404

Kazin, Alfred, 395; A Walker in the City, 404

Keckley, Elizabeth, 127

Keeble, John, Yellowfish, 461

Kelley, Emma Dunham, 283

Kennedy, John F., 490

Kennedy, Louise, 671

Kenner, Hugh, 744; A Homemade World, 313

Kerouac, Jack, 739; The Dharma Bums, 447; On the Road, 446, 493

Kerr, Jean: Please Don't Eat the Daisies, 507; The Snake Has All the Lines, 507

Kerslake, Susan, Penumbra, 566

Kesey, Ken, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, 447- 48, 493

Kessler-Harris, Alice, 389

Khan, Ismkh, 600; The]umbie Bird, 602; The Obeah Man, 602

Kincaid, Jamaica, 604 -5, 653, 669 -70, 670 -72; Annie John, 595, 605, 671; At the Bottom of the River, 671; Lucy, 605, 671, 672; A Small Place, 672

King, Stephen, Misery, 87

King, Thomas, Medicine River, 576

Kingston, Maxine Hong, 406, 462, 463, 521, 522, 524, 528 -29, 533, 653, 669, 788; China Men, 463, 522, 533- 34; Tripmaster Monkey, 463, 522; The Woman Warrior, 463, 522, 533

Kingston, Paul W., The Wages of Writing, 681 -82

Kinsella, Thomas, Shoeless Joe, 581 -82

Kinsey, Alfred C., Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, 546

Kipling, Rudyard, 658; influence of, 263; "A White Man's Burden," 249

Kirby, William, The Golden Dog, 562

Kirkland, Caroline, 788

Kirkland, Joseph, Zury, 255

Kitsch, postmodern fiction as, 690 -91

Klein, Marcus, 345, 393

Klinkowitz, Jerome, 448, 732, 736 -37

Knight, Sarah Kemble, The Journal of Madam Knight, 33–34

Kogawa, Joy, 406, 567, 573 -74, 653, 788- 89; Obasan, 574, 575

Kollwitz, Kathe, 178

Kostelanetz, Richard, 686

Kramer, Hilton, 517, 518

Kramer, Larry, Faggots, 549

Krause, Herbert, Wind Without Rain, 441

— 878-

Krauze, Ethel, 628 -29

Kreiner, Philip: Contact Prints, 564; Heartlands, 584

Kristeva, Julia, 700

Kroetsch, Robert, 564, 565, 566, 585; Badlands, 580, 582; Gone Indian, 563

Kromer, Tom, Waiting for Nothing, 340 -41

Kruger, Barbara, 516

Krupat, Arnold, 43, 44

Kiinstlerroman, Canadian, 580

Kureishi, Hanif, 653, 659, 661 -65; The Buddha of Suburbia, 663 -65; "The Rainbow Sign," 661- 62

Kyk-over-al (literary review), 593

Laberge, Albert, La Scouine (Bitter Bread), 569

Labor movement, 148, 322

Labor unrest, 158, 327

Lacombe, Patrice, La terre paternelIe, 568

Ladies' Home Journal, 371

Ladoo, Harold Sonny, Yesterdays, 575

La Farge, Oliver, Laughing Boy, 409

Lamming, George, 587, 589, 594 -96, 600; The Emigrants, 594, 595; In the Castle of My Skin, 589, 594, 595; Natives of My Person, 594, 595; Of Age and Innocence, 594 The Pleasures of Exile, 595-96; Season of Adventure, 594, 595; Water with Berries, 595, 595

L'Amour, Louis, 440

Land, importance of: in frontier novels, 438; in Western fiction, 441, 446 47, 459 -60

Landon, Brooks, 449

Langer, Elinor, 355

Language: Abish and, 737; Barth and, 730 -31; class differences and, 174 75; colonialism and, 655 -56; dialects, 251, 571; of early American novels, 11; experimental, Stein and, 215; Gass and, 741; Millhauser and, 747; New Critics and, 488; postcolonial, 661; postmodernism and, 700; of realism, 172; and reality, 448, 620 -21; of social types, 191; women's appropriation of, 641 -42

Lapolla, Garibaldi Marto, 398

Larsen, Nella, 411, 420; Quicksand, 421

Larson, Magalia, 568, 691

Late nineteenth century: realism, 160 88; women's status, 269

Late twentieth century: literary marketplace, 679 -96; postmodern fiction, 697 -725

Latin American fiction, 607 -48

Latin American immigrant writers, 406

Laughlin, James, 693

Laurence, Margaret, 584, 789; A Bird in the House, 580; The Diviners, 578; The Stone Angel, 564, 578

Law: of immigration, 381, 406; status of, in Western fiction, 368

Lawrence, D. H.: influence on Le Sueur, 350 -51; The Rainbow, 314; Studies in Classic American Literature, 51

Lea, Tom, 461

Leacock, Stephen, Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town, 560, 561

League of American Writers, 344

Leal, Luis, 524

Lean, David, A Passage to India (film), 658

Leatherstocking tales, Cooper, 294, 437

Leavis, F. R., The Great Tradition, 488

Leavitt, David, The Lost Language of Cranes, 551

Lecker, Robert, 578

Lederer, William J., The Ugly American, 490

Lee, Ann, 133

Lee, C. Y., The Flower Drum Song, 500

Lee, Dennis, 579

Lee, Eliza Buckminster, Parthenia, 119 -20

Lee, Harper, To Kill a Mockingbird, 490

Lee, Manfred (Ellery Queen), 802

— 879-

Lee, Sky, Disappearing Moon Cafe, 574

Left, political, and sexuality of women, 351 See also Communism; Communist Party

Legal status of women, nineteenth century, 65, 142 -43

Le Guin, Ursula, 789; Always Coming Home, 460

Leiber, Fritz, Gather Darkness, 365

Lemelin, Roger, Au pied de la pente douce (The Town Below), 569

Leonard, John, 661

Leprohon, Rosanna, Antoinette de Mirecourt; or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing, a Canadian Tale, 562

Lesbianism, 279, 545; Barnes and, 328

--- literature of, 501, 551 -52; Latin American, 629 -30; postwar, 505

Lesley, Craig, Winterkill, 461

Le Sueur, Meridel, 326, 332, 339, 350 53, 457; "Annunciation," 351; The Girl, 332, 350- 51; Harvest Song, 352; I Hear Men Talking, 332, 351, 352-53; "I Was Marching," 353; "Spring Story," 351; "What Happens in a Strike," 352; "Women on the Breadlines," 352

Levin, Meyer, The Old Bunch, 393

Levine, Robert, 72

Lewis, H. H., 344

Lewis, R. W. B., 395; The American Adam, 489

Lewis, Sinclair, 171, 335; Main Street, 283

Lewis, Wyndham, 317

Lewisohn, Ludwig, The Island Within, 387

Leyner, Mark, My Cousin, My Gastroenterologist, 484

Libbey, Laura Jean, 159, 293, 297–300; Leonie Locke; or, The Romance of a Beautiful New York Working-Girl, 299

Liberalism, 50

Liberal sociology, 197

Liberation, rhetoric of, 647

The Liberator, 141, 346

Liberty, gothic novels and, 22 -23

"Libraries," publishers' series, 53

Liebowitz, Herbert, Fabricating Lives: Explorations in American Autobiography, 29

Limitations, avant-garde and, 732, 751

Lincoln, Abraham, and Uncle Tom's Cabin, 144

Ling, Amy, 277

Linguistic alienation, Latin American, 613

Linguistic excess, in avant-garde fiction, 732

Linn, James Weber, 396

Lippard, George, 48, 51, 148, 288, 789; New York: Its Upper Ten and Lower Million, 148; The Quaker City; or, The Monks of Monk Hall, 47, 54, 138, 148

Lispector, Clarice, 624 -25, 636 -37, 790; Agua viva, 625, 636-37; Family Ties, 625; "The Fifth Story," 637; The Passion According to G.H., 625

Literacy, 49, 693

Literary canon, 56, 128 -29, 178; and financial success, 70

Literary criticism. See Criticism, literary

Literary culture: antebellum, 51; economy and, 49; regional, 407 -8

Literary fiction, publication of, 683 -84

Literary Guild, 685

Literary historians, and nineteenthcentury women, 111 -15

Literary reviews, West Indies, 592, 593

Literary Western novels, 437 -64

Literature: American, 6 -7; early American views, 12; mass marketing, nineteenth century, 53; mid-twentiethcentury views, 488; postmodern, 516; television and, 480 -84; Vargas Llosa's views, 623

Little magazines, 407, 414

Littlepage trilogy, Cooper, 143

Little Review, 312

Liveright, Horace, 393; and Yezierska, 388

Living gospel, women as, 124

Loaeza, Guadalupe, 632

— 880-

Local color, 250 -56; Cable and, 244; economic depression and, 392; Western, 438

Locke, Alain, 28; The New Negro, 421

Locklin, Gerald, The Case of the Missing Blue Volkswagen, 450

Lockwood, John, An Essay on Flogging, 149

Loeb, Harold, 320

London, Jack, 263, 335, 790; The Call of the Wild, 264 -65; The Iron Heel, 236 -37, 341; Martin Eden, 439; People of the Abyss, 236; and primordial violence, 264-65; The SeaWolf, 264, 439; White Fang, 264, 265 -66

Long, Edward, History of Jamaica, 89, 103

Long, Huey P., 415

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, Poems on Slavery, Poe's comments, 96

Lorde, Audre, 670

Los Angeles, novels of, 451, 454

Loss of control, fear of, Hawthorne and, 136

Lost generation novelists, 314 -25

Love, Glen A., 447

Love: between women, Cather and, 279 -80; possession and, 95; romantic, nineteenth-century ideas, 124 25; slavery and, Poe's views, 99 100; in Western fiction, 368 -69

Lovelace, Earl, 592, 600, 602 -3, 653; The Dragon Can't Dance, 603; The Wine of Astonishment, 603

Lovett, Robert Morss, 396

Lower classes: naturalist fiction, 202 -4; observation of, 197 -98; realist fiction, 197-99

— white: social reformers and, 147 49; Stowe and, 146

Loyalty, individualism and, 195

Lugones, Leopoldo, 610 -11

Luhan, Mabel Dodge, 409

Lukacs, Georg, 157 -58

Lurie, Alison, 451, 505, 790- 91

Luska, Sidney. See Harland, Henry

Lyotard, Jean-Francois, 366, 516, 521, 691, 714

Lytle, Andrew, 416

Mabbott, Thomas O., 104

McCarthy, Joseph, 486

McCarthy, Mary, 793; The Group, 505

McClure's magazine, 386

McCorkle, Jill, The Cheer Leader, 481

McCoy, Horace, They Shoot Horses, Don't They? 450

McCullers, Carson, 429 -30, 505, 793; The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, 505; The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, 505; The Member of the Wedding, 429, 505

McCutcheon, George Barr, Graustark, 259

MacDermott, Thomas (Tom Redcam): Becka's Buckra Baby, 590; One Brown Girl and — : A Jamaican Story, 590

McDonald, Ian, The Hummingbird Tree, 595

McGregor, Gaile, The Wacousta Syndrome, 559

McGuane, Thomas, 449 -50, 793- 94; Keep the Change, 450

McHale, Brian, 703

Machine: symbolism of, 466 -67; technology, 465 -66

McKay, Claude, 332, 346, 383, 422, 591 -92, 794; Banana Bottom, 348, 591-92, 600; Banjo, 347 -48, 591; Home to Harlem, 346- 47, 591; The Negroes in America, 346; Trial by Lynching, 346

McLean, Kathryn Anderson. See Forbes, Kathryn

McLennan, Hugh: "Boy Meets Girl in Winnipeg: Who Cares?" 560; The Watch That Ends the Night, 578

McLennan, J. F., Primitive Marriage, 200

McLuhan, Marshall, The Gutenberg Galaxy, 485

McMurtry, Larry: All My Friends Are Going to Be Strangers, 460; Cadillac Jack, 460; The Desert Rose, 460; Horseman, Pass By, 460; The Last Picture Show, 460; Leaving Chey-

— 881-

McMurtry, Larry (Continued) enne, 460; Lonesome Dove, 460 61; Moving On, 460; Somebody's Darling, 460; Terms of Endearment, 460

McNally, William, Evils and Abuses in the Naval Merchant Service, 149

McNickle, D'Arcy, 455

McPartland, John, No Down Payment, 507

McWhorter, Lucullus Virgil, 280 -82

Madison, Charles, 359

Magazines: communist, 343 -44; late nineteenth century, 158; limitedcirculation, 682; literary, 407; middle-brow, 303

Magdalene Societies, 137

Magic realism, 457, 522 -28; Canadian, 565; Garcia Marquez and, 618

Mahan, A. T., 258

Mailer, Norman, 403, 792; Advertisements for Myself, 493; An American Dream, 493; The Armies of the Night, 493; The Executioner's Song, 449; The Naked and the Dead, 493; "The White Negro," 493; Why Are We in Vietnam? 449

Maillet, Antonine, 791; Pdlagie-LaCharrett, 572

Mail-order book clubs, 359

Mais, Roger, 592, 593, 594, 598; Black Lightning, 599; Brother Man, 599, 600; The Hills Were Joyful Together, 599

Major, Andre, 579

Majors, Charles, When Knighthood Was in Flower, 259

Makhoere, Caeserina Kona, 651

Malamud, Bernard, 498, 674, 792; The Assistant, 403; "Fidelman" stories, 403; The Fixer, 498; The Natural, 492; A New Life, 449; The Tenants, 498

Male novels: antebellum, 51; environment literature, 507- 9

Male writers, 689 -90, 694, 695, 696; Canadian, 580; domestic fiction by, 52; postmodern, 698; and women, 277, 283; working-class, fiction by, 336

— nineteenth century, 46, 56 -59, 114, 117 -18; motivation for writing, 66 -67; quality of work, 128; and women, 69 -70, 113 -15

Manfred, Frederick, 792; The Golden Bowl, 443, 458; The Manly-Hearted Woman, 455; Riders of Judgment, 443

Mangione, Jerre, 398 -401; Mount Allegro, 400–401, 404

Manhood in battle, views of, 249 -50

Manifest Destiny doctrine, 288

Mann, Horace, 148

Mann, Thomas, 750; Buddenbrooks, 314

Marchessault, Jovette, La Mre des herbes (Mother of the Grass), 581

Marginality, 666 -67

Marginalization of postcolonial writers, 651

Marinello, Juan, 613

Marinetti, Filippo, 317

Marketplace, literary, 685; early American, 46–71; and environment literature, 507; ethnicity and, 381 -406; late twentieth century, 679 -96; and marginality, 666

Market society, 50; literature in, 48 -49; postmodern, 518 -20; and realist writing, 161; self defined by, 166 -67

Markoosie, Harpoon of the Hunter, 576

Marks, Elaine, 641

Marlatt, Daphne, Ana Historic, 565

Marlyn, John, 574

Marovitz, Sanford E., 455

Marriage, 143; late nineteenth century, 200 -201; in Oneida community, 134; in Western fiction, 367 -68

Married Women's Property Act (1848), 143

Marshall, Paule, 406, 653, 669, 792; Brown Girl, Brownstones, 497, 670; The Chosen Place, the Timeless People, 670; Praisesong for the Widow, 670; "Shaping the World of My

— 882-

Art," 670; Soul Clap Hands and Sing, 670

Martian novels, Burroughs, 362 -63

Martin, Helen Reimensnyder, Tillie, a Mennonite Maid, 383

Marx, Leo, The Machine in the Garden, 489

Marxism, 485 -86; and postmodernism, 516 -17, 522

Masculinity: nineteenth-century ideas, 111 -12, 115 -16; Norris's view, 263

Masiello, Francine, 642

Mason, Bobble Ann, 482

Massachusetts, Board of Aliens Commission, 192

Massachusetts Society for the Suppression of Intemperance, 137

Mass culture: multicultural, 517 -18; realism, 535 -37

The Masses, 337

Mass market, 53, 359; lesbian paperbacks, 501; nineteenth century, 285 305; postmodern fiction and, 690 -91

Mass media: and popular culture, 286; publishing and, 686

Master-slave relationship, Poe's view, 98

Mastery: abuses of, in antislavery fiction, 141, 145; sexual, 153

Mather, Cotton: Diary, 31; Magnalia Christi Americana, 31; Paterna, 31

Mather, Increase, 468; Wo to Drunkards, 136

Mathews, John Joseph, 455, 793

Matisse, Henri, 316; La Femme au Chapeau, 314

Matthiessen, F. O., American Renaissance, 128

Matto de Turner, Clorinda, Aves sin nido, 611

Mayz Valenilla, E., 608

MCA, 687

Meatpacking industry, reform of, 238

Medina, Enrique: Strip-Tease, 632 -33; Las tumbas, 632

Meditative realism, postmodern, 537

Meigs, Mary, 760

Meller, Sidney, Roots in the Sky, 393

Melodramas: dime novels, 294 -97; story paper, 288 -90

Melville, Herman, 7, 8, 60–62, 66 -70, 72, 84, 149, 335, 783, 794 -95; and American writers, 128; "Bartleby, the Scrivener," 51, 84, 91, 176, 179; "Benito Cereno," 87, 90–91, 99, 150-51; Billy Budd, Sailor, 87, 193 -95; The Confidence-Man, 74, 88, 106, 138; and domestic novels, 112 -13; and fiction, 73–74; "Hawthorne and His Mosses," 112, 128; Israel Potter, 465; Mardi, 73, 80 81; Moby-Dick, 8, 51, 68, 84, 86 87, 90, 106-7, 138, 467, 479 -80; Omoo, 80; "The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids," 138; Pierre; or, The Ambiguities, 62–64, 67–70, 98, 106, 112-13; and race, 90–91; Redburn, 51, 61, 138, 149, 162; and reform, 149- 50; and romance, 80–81; and slavery, 99, 106; and technology, 479-80; temperance themes, 138; Typee, 61, 80; White-Jacket, 51, 61, 138, 14950; work novels, 51

Memoirs, autobiographical, Native Americans and, 45

Memory, and autobiography, 29

Men, readers of popular fiction, 359. See also Male writers; Masculinity

Mena, María Cristina, 271

Menand, Louis, 691

Menchú, Rioberta, Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia, 646

Mencken, H. L., 342, 420 -21; "The Sahara of the Bozarts," 417; and South, 417-18

Mendelson, Edward, 717

Mendes, Alfred H., 592, 593; Black Fauns, 592; Pitch Lake, 592

Menippean satire, 450, 705

Mental colonization, 650, 654, 655

Mesmerism, Hawthorne and, 135 -36

Metafictional strategies, 700 -703; in Barth's fiction, 711 -12; in Nabo-

— 883-

Metafictional strategies (Continued) Nabo-'s fiction, 708 -10; of Vonnegut, 722

Metalious, Grace, Peyton Place, 506

Mexican American writers, 453, 500 501; postmodern realist, 530 Mexican women, first novel in English by, 271

Mexico: fiction in, 628 -32; Spanish conquest, 258

Middle class: African American, 411, 420 -41; book market, 46; ethnic writers, 402 -6; and fiction, 50; and industrial working conditions, 223 24; and novel reading, 688 -89; realist literature and, 158, 197

— intellectuals: 1920s, 337; leftist, 353 -54

— women: Howells and, 183 -84; moral reform societies, 137; nineteenth century, 114; and workers, 173, 177

Migrations: African American, 408; contemporary, 649 -51; postcolonial, 659, 678

Millenialists, 133

Millhauser, Steven, 746 -51, 795; The Barnum Museum, 748 -49; Cartoons, 747; Edwin Mullhouse, 747 48; In the Penny Arcade, 748

Mills, C. Wright, The Power Elite, 485

Mills, Nicolaus, 72

Minimalism, postmodern, 535 -36

Minister, Edith May Dowe, Our Natupski Neighbors, 383

Minority groups, 652 -53, 669; and autobiography, 27; early American, 9; internal colonization, 655; novels of identity, 494 -95

Minority writers, proletarian fiction, 333

Mise en abîme, 702; Acker, 723; Vonnegut, 722

Missionary Westerns, Canadian, 562

Mistral, Gabriela, 609

Mitchell, Donald, 114

Mitchell, Margaret, 795; Gone With the Wind, 389

Mitchell, S. Weir, 231; Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker, 259

Mitchell, W. O.: The Vanishing Point, 563; Who Has Seen the Wind, 578

Mittelholzer, Edgar, 593, 594, 597 -98; Children of Kaywana, 598; Corentyne Thunder, 598; The Harrowing of Hubertus, 598; Kaywana Blood, 598; A Morning at the Office, 598; Shadows Move Among Them, 598

Modern art movement, 311

Modern Electrics (magazine), 360

Modernism, 311- 30, 476, 516, 697; Emerson and, 470; of Faulkner, 427; immigrant novels, 394 -95; metafictional situations, 702; Pound and, 465 -66; in proletarian fiction, 345 -46; Stegner and, 452

Modernization, Western novels and, 369 -71

Modleski, Tania, 378

Molesworth, Charles, 743, 749

Molloy, Sylvia, 629

Momaday, N. Scott, 453- 55, 457, 795 96; The Ancient Child, 457; House Made of Dawn, 453-55, 456; The Way to Rainy Mountain, 454

Money: Davis and, 176; early realists and, 188; evil and, in James's view, 167; Twain and, 171 -72

Monk, Maria, Awful Disclosures of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery, 147

Monomania: and caricature, 83 -84; and revenge, 86 -87

Monroe, Harriet, 312

Montaigne, Michel de, Essays, 26

Montana Kid series, Brand, 440

Montejo, Esteban, autobiography, 646

Montgomery, Lucy Maud, Anne of Green Gables, 561

Monthly magazines, 303

Moore, Brian, The Luck of Ginger Coffey, 574 -75

Moral difference between sexes, domesticity and, 124 -26

Moral improvement, novels of, 219

Moral realism, 488

Moral reform societies, 137

Moral standards, women and, 126, 219

— 884-

Moral value: nineteenth century, 65 -67; post-World War II, 491 -92

Moral vision, 10 -11; in Cooper's novels, 23 -25

More, Hannah, Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education, 118 -19, 120

Morejón, Nancy, 610

Mori, Toshio, 796; The Woman from Hiroshima, 462 -63; Yokohama, California, 500

Mormons, 133

Moroso, John Antonio, 398

Morrell, Benjamin, Narrative of Four Voyages, 107

Morris, Wright, 443, 445, 796; Ceremony in Lone Tree, 445; The Field of Vision, 444 -45; Love Among the Cannibals, 445; Plains Song, 445

Morrison, Toni, 505, 520 -22, 524, 528 -29, 796- 97; Beloved, 87, 105; The Bluest Eye, 670; Song of Soloman, 522, 529, 530; Sula, 522, 529- 30; Tar Baby, 529

Morton, Perez, 15 -16

Mother figures, African American writers and, 434 -35

Motherhood: nineteenth-century ideas, 116; Revolutionary-era idea, 115

Motherwell, Robert, 750

Motivation for writing, nineteenth century, 65–67

Mott, Frank Luther, 303

Mott, Lucretia, 142

Mountain men, novels about, 447

Mourning Dove. SeeHum-ishu-ma

Movements, reform, 132 -33

Movies. See Cinema

Muckraking journalism, 236

Mugwump reform, 157

Mukherjee, Bharati, 653, 669 -70, 672 78; Darkness, 672- 74, 676; Jasmine 671, 674, 675, 677 -78; The Middleman and Other Stories, 676 77; The Tiger's Daughter, 674- 75; Wife, 674, 675

Muller, Arnold, Bram of the Five Corners, 383

Multicultural mass culture, 517 -18

Multinational culture, postmodern, 699

Mumford, Lewis, 360

Munro, Alice: The Beggar Maid, 560; Lives of Girls and Women, 561, 580; Who Do You Think You Are? 560

Munro, George, 291

Munro, Norman, 291

Munsey, Frank, 359

Murder mysteries. See Detective fiction

Murfree, Mary, In the "Stranger People's" Country, 252

Murray, Anna, 39

Murray, John, 80

Murray, Judith Sargent, 115

Music: popular, mass culture, 517; postmodern, 516

Mystic experiences, Native American accounts, 43 -44

Nabokov, Vladimir, 327, 699, 704 -7, 797; Ada, 699, 708; Lolita, 699, 707, 710; Pale Fire, 699, 702, 707- 9, 710

Naipaul, Shiva, 600, 602; The ChipChip Gatherers, 602; The Fireflies, 602.

Naipaul, V. S., 587 -89, 594, 600, 601 -2; A Bend in the River, 602; The Enigma of Arrival, 595, 601, 602; Guerrillas, 601, 602; A House for Mr. Biswas, 601-2; The Middle Passage, 601; Miguel Street, 601; The Mimic Men, 595, 601, 602; The Mystic Masseur, 601-2; The Suffrage of Elvira, 601-2

Narrative, x- xi; autobiographical, 26 28; Latin American, 611, 625 -26; marketplace for, 695; postmodern voices, 704

Narrative frames, breaking of, 703

Nashoba Community, 820

Nashville Fugitives, 408, 414

Nation, Carry, 236

National Coming Out Day, 552

National consciousness, West Indian, 590

— 885-

National identity, 243 -44; African Americans and, 248; Connecticut Yankee and, 257; racism and, 263; regionalism and, 251

Nationalism: Canadian, 566; cultural, West Indian, 592; in dime novels, 294; postmodern, 519; story papers and, 288, 289

National literature, post-Civil War, 241

National mind, Stein's idea, 213

National narrative, technology and, 468

National reconciliation, post-Civil War: Connecticut Yankee and, 257; as fiction theme, 240 -41, 243- 49, 439; regionalism and, 251; Twain and, 245 -46

National traditions, 259

National unity, symbols of, 262

Nationhood, 242 -42

Native American Renaissance, 456 -57

Native Americans, 260 -61, 409; autobiographical writings, early, 43–44; Canadian, 575 -77; Canadian fiction and, 563; captivity narratives and, 31 -32; colonialization and, 30; Eastlake's view, 445; Faulkner and, 427; fiction of, 453 -57; nineteenth century, 268; in Southern states, 412; women authors, 270 -71, 280 -82

Nativism, nineteenth century, 146 -47

Naturalism, 697; economic depression and, 392; historical context, 263; immigrant novels, 394; James and, 200, 202; late nineteenth century, 157 -59, 202- 4; and national identity, 263; in Phelps's work, 226 27; in proletarian fiction, 345; and reform fiction, 225; Western, 438

Nature writers, environmentalists, 459

Naval reform, 149

Negroes. See African Americans

Nelson, Cary, 333

Nelson, Jane, 460

Neobaroque style, Latin American, 612 -13

Neogothic fiction, 327

Neorealism: African American writers, 496; Mailer and, 493; war novels, 491; in Western fiction, 461, 462

Neruda, Pablo, 609

Nettleford, Rex, 656

Neutral territory, for romance, Hawthorne's idea, 75 -76

Nevèrÿon series, Delany, 705

New, W. H., 584

The New Criterion, 517

New Criticism, 330, 488

"New ethnics," 405 -6

New Harmony Society, 133

Newman, Charles, 690, 699, 734, 739, 742; The Post-Modern Aura, 687, 734- 35

The New Masses, 344, 353

"New Negroes," 409, 421; Hurston and, 422

Newspapers, and fiction, 50, 203 -4

New-wave literature, Mexican, 631 -32

New World (story paper), 287

New York City: black population, 411; as literary center, 407

The New Yorker, 508

New York Ledger (story paper), 287, 289

New York State, Married Women's Property Act, 143

New York State Temperance Society, 137

New York Times, and Kerouac's On the Road, 446

New York Times Book Review: and Puzo's The Fortunate Pilgrim, 405; and Roth's Call It Sleep, 395

New York Tribune, dime novel advertisements, 293

New York Weekly (story paper), 287, 294, 297

New York Workingman's Party, 148

New York World, 250

Ngugi wa Thiong'o, 656, 668

Nichols, John, 449; American Blood, 450

Nichols, Mary Gove, 137

Nichols, Mary Sargeant, Mary Lyndon, 144

Nickel series, 287, 300, 301 -2

— 886-

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 750

Niggli, Josephina, Mexican Village, 501

Nineteenth Amendment, 269

Nineteenth century, 4–5; book market, 46 -71; captivity narratives, 32; domestic novels, 110 -29; immigration, 380; influence of women, 113 -17, 124 -25; Native American autobiography, 44; publishing, 52 -54; science fiction, 361; sentimental novels, 52; social reform movements, 216; symbolism of machinery, 471

Non-European immigrants, 383

Nonfictional texts, in postmodern fiction, 704

Nonfiction novels, 449

Nonfiction writing, income from, 682

Nonnarratable state, science fiction, 364

Nonverbal forms, cultural memory and, 656

Non-Western cultures, domesticity and, 122

Norris, Frank, 263, 271, 283, 797 -98; "The Frontier Gone at Last," 263; McTeague, 203, 225, 226, 263, 439; naturalist fiction, 203, 204; The Octopus, 261 -63, 439, 471; The Pit, 225; Responsibilities of the Novelist, 267; Vandover and the Brute, 203, 264

Norris, Kathleen, Mother, 373

North American Review, dime novel reviews, 293

Northern states, nineteenth-century racism, 153

Norton Anthology of American Literature, 177

Norwegian-American novels, 389

Nourbese Philip, Marlene, 653, 670; She Tries Her Tongue: her silence softly breaks, 656 -57

Nova Scotia, 572

Novela de la tierra, 611

Novela de la transa, 628, 631, 632 -33, 641

Novelistic techniques in autobiography, 42 -43, 45

Novelists: early American, 14; late nineteenth century, and sociology, 190 215; women as, Norris's view, 267 68. See also Women, as writers; Writers

Novels, x — xi, 9, 665; abolitionist, 141 43, 150 -54; audience for, 688 -90; avant-garde, 727 -51; capitalism and, 344; early American, 6 -25; eighteenth century, 3–5; Hawthorne's idea, 73; nineteenth century, 57, 157 -58; and social reform, 131 -54; writing of, nineteenth-century views, 116 -17

Nowlan, Alden, Various Persons Named Kevin O'Brien, 561

Noyes, John Humphrey, 134

Nugent, Lady Maria, Jamaica journal, 89

Nunez-Harrell, Elizabeth, 605

Oates, Joyce Carol, 505, 520, 521, 535, 536 -37, 798; "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" 537

O'Brien, Edward J., 387, 399

O'Brien, Fitz-James, 395

O'Brien, Sharon, 278

O'Brien, Tim, 798

Ocampo, Silvina, 623

Ocampo, Victoria, 623

Occom, Samson, Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul, 43

Occupational ideals of nineteenthcentury writers, 67–68

O'Connor, Edwin, 403

O'Connor, Flannery, 430, 491; Everything That Rises Must Converge, 414; The Violent Bear It Away, 414; Wise Blood, 414, 491

October, 517

Odets, Clifford, Waiting for Lefty, 341

Odum, Howard, 412

Offensiveness, avant-garde and, 727- 28

O'Gorman, Edmundo, The Invention of America, 607

O'Hagan, Howard, 798; Tay John, 562 -63

O'Hara, John, 395, 451

— 887-

Ohmann, Richard, "The Shaping of a Canon: U.S. Fiction, 1960–1975," 692, 694

Okada, John, 405, 799; No-No Boy, 463, 500

Olerich, Henry, A Cityless and Countryless World: An Outline of Practical Co-operative Individualism, 474 -75

Oliva, Gladstone, 527

Olsen, Tillie, 344, 346, 350, 799; "The Iron Throat," 355; Silences, 458; Tell Me a Riddle, 404; Yonnondio: From the Thirties, 332, 338, 355 56, 393, 458

Ondaatje, Michael, 567, 800; The Collected Works of Billy the Kid, 579; Running in the Family, 579

Oneida community, 134

O'Neill, Eugene, 395

Onoto Watanna (Winnifred Eaton), 270, 277 -78, 282, 283; A Japanese Nightingale, 278; Me, 278

Oppositionalism in avant-garde fiction, 732

Oral forms, 667, 669; Native American autobiography, 44

Ordonez, Cayetano, 320

Orphans, in women's novels, 123, 127

Orphée, Elvira, 623

Orrego, Claudio, Detenidosdesaparecidos: Una herida abierta, 647

Ostenso, Martha, 389, 391 -92; Wild Geese, 391, 392

Otherness, race and, 409 -11

Outlaws, dime novels and, 294, 296

Owen, Robert, 133

Owen, Wilfred, 318

Pagano, Jo, 398

Page, Myra, 350; Gathering Storm: A Story of the Black Belt, 338, 352

Page, Thomas Nelson, In Ole Virginia, 244

Palfrey, Gorham: Emerson and, 130

Panetta, George, 398

Panneton, Philippe. See Ringuet

Panunzio, Constantine, The Soul of an Immigrant, 398

Paperback books, 359, 504, 685 -86

Papermaking improvements, 49

Paradis, Suzanne, 572

Paralyzed artist theme, 565 -66

Paris: Americans in, 312; Hemingway and, 322

Parizeau (Poznanska), Alice, 574

Parker, Cynthia Ann, 440

Parker, Theodore, 91; "A Sermon on Merchants," 148

Parochial nature of American culture, 12

Parody: in Millhauser's works, 747, 749 -51; in Poe's works, 78

Parrington, Vernon L., 390

Partisan Review, 326 -27, 345; and Roth's Call It Sleep, 395

Parmoy, Alicia, 635

Patton, Sarah Payson Willis. See Fern, Fanny

Past, post-Civil War writers and, 241 -43

Pastor, Rose, 387

Paternalistic society, reform novels, 230 -32

Patri, Angelo, The Spirit of America, 385

Patriarchal character, Poe's view, 98

Patriarchal society: colonial, and education of women, 657; domesticity and, 118 -26; sexual mastery, 153; slave narrative and, 42; Stein and, 213 -14; Stowe and, 144 -45; temperance novels and, 138 -40

Patten, Gilbert (Burr L. Standish), 357; Frank Merriwell at Yale, 357- 58; Frank Merriwell in Wall Street, 358

Patten, Simon, The New Basis of Civilization, 358

Patterson, Orlando, 592, 594, 598; The Children of Sisyphus, 599; Die the Long Day, 599

Paulding, James Kirke: The Dutchman's Fireside, 437; Slavery in the United States, 101; Poe's review, 90, 96 101, 104

Paz, Octavio, 609, 622

— 888-

Pearson, Ridley, 456

Peckham, Morse, 618

Pells, Richard, 341

Pellucidar series, Burroughs, 362 -63

Peoples of color, 652 -53; Faulkner and, 427; literature of, 406; migrations of, 650; postmodern writers, 522; status in U.S., 655. See also African Americans; Native Americans

Percy, Walker, 800; The Last Gentleman, 491; Love in the Ruins, 491; The Moviegoer, 491; The Second Coming, 491

Perera, Padma, 653

Perfectionism, nineteenth century, 140

Perfectionist theology, 132

Periodicals, and works of fiction, 50

Personal life, public affairs and, 50

Personal property, slaves as, 221 -22

Perspective (magazine), 692

Perversity, Poe and, 82

Peterkin, Julia, 417 -18; Black April, 417; Bright Skin, 418; Green Thursday, 417; Scarlet Sister Mary, 417-18

Peters, Fritz (Arthur Anderson Peters), Finistere, 502

Peterson, Joyce Shaw, 301

Peterson, Levi, The Backslider, 461 -62

Peterson's Magazine, 303

Petry, Ann, The Street, 496 -97

Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 238, 282, 335, 800; The Gates Ajar, 127; The Silent Partner, 226 -28, 232

Philosophical novels, postmodern, 711

Philosophy, post- World War II, 486 -87

Photography, postmodern, 516

Picaresque novels: early American, 19 21; female, 110

Pierce, Franklin, 62

Pioneer-prairie novels, 441. See also Frontier stories

Pirated works, 48; early American publication, 7; in story papers, 288

Pita Rodríguez, Felix, 524

Place: Canadian novels of, 561 -65; individual and, 469

Plantation tradition, 244

Plante, David, The Family, 404

Plath, Sylvia, The Bell Jar, 505

Plots: early American, 10; postmodern, 705, 716

Pocahontas, 30

Pocket Books, 359, 658 -86

Poe, Edgar Allan, 51, 55, 60–62, 66 70, 72, 90, 800–801; "Balloon Hoax," 361; "Berenice," 77 -78, 95; "The Black Cat," 82, 98; "The Cask of Amontillado," 82; detective fiction, 375; Eureka, 61, 91, 102, 107; "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar," 81; "The Fall of the House of Usher," 66; "For Annie," 95; "The Gold Bug," 96; "Hans Pfaal," 361; "Hop-Frog," 81–82, 103 -4; "How to Write a Blackwood Article," 70, 78–79; and imagination, 77–80; and intellectual women, 63; "King Pest," 81 "Landor's Cottage," 95; "Ligeia," 95; "Lionizing," 82; "The Literati of New York City," 101 -2; "Los of Breath," 78; "The Man of the Crowd," 375; "Marginalia," 78, 79; Matthiessen and, 128; "Morella," 95; "The Murders in the Rue Morge," 96, 103; The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, 51, 82–83, 107- 9; "Paulding-Drayton Review," 96101, 104; "The Philosophy of Composition," 69; "The Power of Words," 79; "A Predicament," 7879; "The Raven," 69; and revenge, 81–83; review of Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales, 105; science fiction, 361; and slavery, 93 -94, 96104; "The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether," 103; "A Tale of Jerusalem," 82; Tales, 53; "The Tell-Tale Heart," 82; "To Helen," 95; "To Marie Louise Shew," 95; and women, 94–95

The Poe Log: A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe, 94

Poetry: proletarian, 344; Puritan, 31

Poetry (magazine), 312, 314

Poets, Latin American, 609

Poggioli, Renato, 734

— 889-

Poirier, Richard, 488

Political exile, 651, 668

Political fantasies, post-Civil War, 247 -48

Politicalization of American fiction, early twentieth century, 326 -27

Politics, fiction and, 14, 128 -29; American novel, 25; avant-garde, 735; gothic novels, 22; Irish American novels, 403; picaresque novels, 19 20; postmodern, 700; science fiction, 365; story papers, 288, 290 -91

Pollack, Simon, The Autobiography of Simon Pollack, 383

Poniatowska, Elena, 623; Hasta no verte Jesús mío, 647

Poole, Ernest, The Voice of the Street, 384 -85

Poovey, Mary, 543

Popular culture, 285 -86

Popular fiction, 378 -79, 504 -5; late nineteenth century, 285–305; twentieth century, 357 -79

Popularity: Melville's views, 68; Poe's views, 69

Popular press, rise of, 13

Popular taste, 694 -95

Population growth, and literary market, 49

Populism, 235; early twentieth century, 322

Porte, Joel, 72

Porter, Cole, 542

Porter, Edwin S., The Great Train Robbery (film), 440

Porter, Katherine Anne, 425 -26, 430; The Leaning Tower and Other Stories, 425-26; Old Mortality, 426; "The Old Order," 425-26; Pale Horse, Pale Rider, 426

Porter, Charles, True Grit, 461

Possession: love and, 95; politics of, James and, 165 -66

Possessions, materials, realists and, 187

Postbellum novels, 157 -58

Postcoloniality, 649, 651- 53; and marginality, 667

Post-Holocaust novels, 403

Postimpressionism, 313

Postindustrial culture, 485

Postmodern fiction, 690, 697 -725

Postmodernism, 327 -29, 515 -22, 679, 697; avant-garde and, 726; Roth and, 498; Western, 450

Postmodern realism, 521 -41

Postsructuralist theories, 700

Post- World War II era, 485; immigrant novels, 404 -6

Potok, Chaim: The Chosen, 404, 504; My Name Is Asher Lev, 504

Potter, Alicia Rivero, 643

Poulin, Jacques, 572

Pound, Ezra, 312 -14, 316, 317, 329 30, 465 -66, 476, 691; Hemingway and, 321; Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, 318, 329; "Why Books?" 317; and World War I, 318

Powell, William W., Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing, 683 -86

Power: sexual, James and, 164 -65; of women, nineteenth-century ideas, 116, 124 -25; of words, views of, 79–80

Power relations: early American, 14; in Uncle Tom's Cabin, 144 -45

Powers, J. F., 403, 490 -91; Morte d'Urban, 491; Wheat That Springeth Green, 491

Powhatan, 30

Pratt, Linda Ray, 352

Pratt, Mary Louise, "The Short Story: The Long and Short of It," 536

Pratt, William, 755

Prentiss, Elizabeth Payson, 801

Presentational realism, 162

Prestige of authors, 684 -85, 689

Preston, Dickson J., Young Frederick Douglas: The Maryland Years, 40

Primitive identity, views of, 264

Primitive peoples, sociological study, 202

Primordial power, views of, 264

Principle, and authenticity of self, 123

Printed literature, and economic structure, 51

Printing technology, 49

— 890-

Prison, symbolism of, 176

Private interest, and general welfare, 50

Problem novels, mid- twentieth century, 490

Production-line techniques of authorship, 292 -93

Profession, writing as, 48 -49; Cooper and, 58; nineteenth century, 47, 67 -70

Professionalism: in intellectual life, 679; literary, 70, 691 -94; neutrality of, 196; of women novelists, nineteenth century, 64–65

Profits, in publishing, 680 -81, 683 -84, 686

Progressive Era, women's status, 269

Proletarianism: early twentieth century, 331 -56; in fiction, 327, 393, 400

Promotional campaigns, nineteenth century, 53

Property laws, and women, 143

Prose style, efficiency movement and, 477 -78

Prostitutes, reform societies, 137

Protestant elite, and social reform, 133, 146 -48

Protestant Reformation, 132

Protestant revivals, nineteenth century, 132

Protest fiction, 335; early twentieth century, 326 -27; environmentalist, 459 -60; and regionalism, 254 -55; Steinbeck's writing as, 442

Pseudo literacy, 693

Pseudonym, slave autobiography and, 42 -43

Psychoanalytic movement, 487

Psychological realism, James and, 167 -68

Psychology, Stein's studies, 211

Publication of postcolonial novels, 665 -66

Public issues, avant-grade fiction and, 732

Public sphere, personal life and, 50

Publishers, 52 -54, 287, 305, 679; of Canadian authors, 560; of dime novels, 292; Native Canadian, 577; nineteenth century, 48–49, 114 -15, 158; postmodern, 380; and regionalism, 251

Publishers Weekly, 287, 680; and Max Brand, 366

Puig, Manuel, 522, 626 -28, 642, 801; Betrayed by Rita Hayworth, 626; Heartbreak Tango, 626; Kiss of the Spider Woman, 627; Pubis Angelical, 626

Pulp magazines, 302, 359; detective fiction, 373

Pupin, Michael, From Immigrant to Inventor, 385

Pure Food Bill (1907), 238

Puritan autobiographies, 31 -33

Puritanism, domesticity and, 123

Puritans: and Native Americans, 32; and technology, 468

Putnam, Emily, 268

Putnam's, publishers, 53

Puzo, Mario, The Fortunate Pilgrim, 404 -5; The Godfather, 405

Pynchon, Thomas, 451, 520, 702 -3, 706, 716 -19, 726 -27, 801- 2; Gravity's Rainbow, 698, 704 -7, 717 -19; The Crying of Lot 49, 704, 717; V, 716- 17; Vineland, 464, 719

Quakers, autobiographical writings, 31

Quasi journalists, 56–57

Quebec: literature of, 562, 567 -73; women writers, 580 -81

Queen, Ellery, pseud., 802

Quick, Herbert, Vandemark's Folly, 441

Quiet Revolution, Canada, 570

Quinto Sol publishing house, 500 -501

Raban, Jonathan, 676 -77

Race, 409 -11; American society and, 217, 411 -14; gender and, 283 -84; proletarianism and, 346 -50; regionalism and, 420 -36; romance and, 89 -109; science fiction and, 361; sociology and, 190, 205; Southernerns and, 416 -20; Warren and, 415 -16

— 891-

Race (Continued) — and identity, 106, 243 -44, 409; novels of, 421 -25, 494 -95; Twain and, 246

Race relations, realist novels of, 178 81, 187 -88

Racial violence, 412; fear of, 145 -46

Racism, 91 -92, 263, 655; of Cather, 280; of Hemingway, 321 -22; in Jamaican novels, 591; of Mailer, 493; mid-twentieth century, 490; migrations and, 659; Mukherjee and, 677; nineteenth century, 153 54; post-Civil War, 248 -49; proletarianism and, 333, 351; science fiction and, 362 -63; Twain and, 245 -46; women and, 269, 273 75

Radway, Janice, 301

Rage, Wright and, 431

Railroad: strikes, nineteenth century, 158; symbolism of, 262 -63

Ramchand, Kenneth, The West Indian Novel and Its Background, 593 -94

Ransom, John Crowe, 416, 488

Rap performances, 540

Ravage, M. E., an American in the Making, 385

Ravenscroft, Arthur, 671

Ravits, Martha, 458

Reading, 453 -45, 693; postmodernism and, 702 -3

Reading habits, early American, 13

Reading public, 679, 685, 688 -90, 729; of avant-garde novels, 733; contributions to pulp magazines, 302 -3; of dime novels, 293 -94, 297, 300 301; nineteenth century, 113 -14, 147; post-Civil War, 251; women, 271, 283, 695

Realism, 10, 697; Althusser's views, 522; Civil War and, 240 -41; ethnic, 382; Howells and, 181 -87; late nineteenth century, 157 -88, 197 200; in Latin American fiction, 611; magic realism and, 524; moral, midtwentieth-century idea, 488; postmodern, 521 -41; reform fiction and, 225 -26; Western, 438

Reality: Coover and, 733; posmodern views, 700, 702-3

Rebellion: Canadian fiction of, 571; male, novels of, 117 -18; midtwentieth-century models, 492 -93

Rechy, John, 406, 502, 802; City of Night, 450, 492

Reciprocity: human, sociological view, 190; in slavery, 99 -100

Reconciliation, post-Civil War, 243-49

Redcam, Tom. See MacDermott, Thomas

Reed, Ishmael, 516, 699, 701 -2, 721 22, 802-3; Flight to Canada, 721; The Free-Lance Pallbearers721; The Last Days of Louisiana Red, 721; Mumbo Jumbo, 704, 721; Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down, 450, 721

Reed, John, 337

Reed, Rebecca Theresa, Six Months in a Convent, 147

Reeve, Clara, The Progress of Romance, 73

Reform, 216 -7; individualism and, 493-94; nineteenth century, 130 -54, 217 -39; social, slave narratives and, 39–41

Reformatory institutions, 148 -49

Reform movements, 132 -33, 216

Reform organizations, and sociology, 192

Regionalism, 250 -56, 407; Canadian, 561 -65, 567 -73; and national identity, 263; race and, 412, 420 -36; Southern, 412- 21; Western, 463 -64

Regional recovery projects, 158

Reid, Vic, 593, 594; The Leopard, 598; New Day, 598-99

Religion: in Canada, 568; captivity narratives and, 32 -33; mid-twentiethcentury novels and, 491; and reform, 132

Religious revivals, nineteenth century, 132-33; domestic fiction and, 289

Remarque, Erich Maria, All Quiet on the Western Front, 319

Remington, Frederic, 304

Renan, Ernest, 241 -42

— 892-

Renaud, Jacques, Le cassé, 571

Renfroe, Martha Kay. See Wren, M. K.

Republicanism, 48, 50; Howells and, 184 -86; picaresque novels and, 19 20; and working classes, 148

Republican motherhood, Revolutionaryera idea, 115

Republican Party, 147

Reunions, post-Civil War, 250

Revenge, romance and, 74, 81 -88

Revivalism, nineteenth century, 132 -33; domestic fiction and, 289

Revolutionary change, 14 -15; Davis and, 176; reform and, 217

Revolutionary fervor, Hawthorne and, 84

Reynolds, Clay, 461

Reznikoff, Charles, By the Waters of Manhattan, 387

Rhodes, Eugene Manlove, Barnsford in Arcadia, 368

Rhys, Jean, 594, 803; Voyage in the Dark, 604; Wide Sargasso Sea, 89, 603, 604

Ribalow, Harold, 383

Rich, Adrienne, 545, 547

Richards, David Adams: Blood Ties, 561; Road to the Stilt House, 561

Richardson, Dorothy, The Long Day: The Story of a New York Working Girl, 301

Richardson, John, Wacousta; or, The Prophecy: A Tale of the Canadas, 559

Richardson, Samuel, 12, 110; Pamela, 7

Richler, Mordecai, 402; the Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, 575, 578

Richter, Conrad, The Sea of Grass, 443

Rideout, Walter, The Radical Novel in the United States, 1900–1954, 331

Ridgway, Henry, 94

Riesman, David, The Lonely Crowd, 485

Riis, Jacob, How the Other Half Lives, 225, 381; The Making of an American, 385

Riley, Joan, 653

Rinehart, Mary Roberts, 283, 803- 4; The Circular Staircase, 373; The Man in Lower Ten, 373; The Window at the White Cat, 373

Ringuet (Philippe Panneton), Trente arpents (Thirty Acres), 569

Ríos, Alberto, The Iguana Killer, 522, 536

Rivera, Edward, 406

Rivera, Tomás, ". . y no se lo tragó la tierra," 453

Robbins, Tom, Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, 450

Robinson, Forrest, 452 -53

Robinson, Marilynne, 804; Housekeeping, 458 -59

Rodríguez, Richard, 406

Rodríguez Monegal, Emir, 624

Roffé, Reina, 642; Monte de Venus, 629 -30

Roh, Franz, Nach-Expressionismus: Magischer Realismus, 523

Rolfe, Edwin, 344

Rollins, William, The Shadow Before, 344- 45

Rölvaag, Ole Edvart, 389 -91, 804; Amerika-Breve, 390; Giants in the Earth, 390, 441; I de Dage, 390; Peder Victorious, 391; Their Father's God, 391

Romains, Jules, 345

Romances, literary, 5, 10, 51, 72–88; domestic novels and, 112; Hawthorne and, 66, 69; historical, 257 63; race and, 89- 109

Le roman de la terre, 568 -69

Romantic temperament, and romance form, 74

Ronald, Ann, 459

Rooke, Leon, 567; Shakespeare's Dog, 582

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 402

Roosevelt, Theodore, 304, 358; The Strenuous Life, 249; The Winning of the West, 363 -64; and women's rights, 270

Rosaldo, Renato Ignacio, 539, 804; "Fables of the Fallen Guy," 536

Roseberg, Ann, The Bee Book, 579

Rosenberg, Harold, The Tradition of the New, 693

— 893-

Rosenberg, Isaac, 318

Rosenfeld, Alvin, 739 -40

Rosenfeld, Isaac, 383, 401; Passage from Home, 404

Rosenfeld, Paul, A Boy in the Sun, 387

Rosenfelt, Deborah, 352

Rosenthal, Bernard, "Poe, Slavery, and the Southern Literary Messenger: A Reexamination," 96

Rosler, Martha, 516

Ross, E. A., Social Control, 195

Ross, Leonard Q. (Leo Rosten), The Education of H*Y*M*A*N* K*A*P*L*A*N, 504 -5

Ross, Sinclair, 804 -5; As for Me and My House, 565, 578

Rossiter, Clinton, 488

Rosten, Leo. See Ross, Leonard Q.

Roth, Henry, 393; Call it Sleep, 394 -95

Roth, Philip, 402, 498 -99, 805; The Anatomy Lesson, 499; The Ghost Writer, 499; Goodbye, Columbus, 498; Portnoy's Complaint, 498; The Prague Orgy, 499; Zuckerman Bound, 499; Zuckerman Unbound, 499

Rough Rider Weekly, 300

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Confessions, 261; Emile, 118; view of women, 118- 19

Rowlandson, Joseph, 32

Rowlandson, Mary, A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, 31, 32–33

Rowson, Susanna, 47 -48, 805; Charlotte Temple, 5, 7 -8, 9, 18 -19, 52

Roy, Gabrielle, 572, 805- 6; Alexandre Chenevert (The Cashier), 569 -70; Bonheur d'occasion (The Tin Flute), 569, 578; La Petite Poule d'eau (Where Nests the Water Hen), 572

Royce, Josiah, 381; The Philosophy of Loyalty, 195

Royot, Daniel, 449

Rubin, Gayle, "The Traffic in Women," 200 -201

Rule, Jane, Desert of the Heart, 502

Rulfo, Juan, 524

Rural families, problems of, 235 -36

Rural life, views of, 253

Rush, Benjamin, 115, 136

Rushdie, Salman, 653 -54, 658, 659 -60, 678; Haroun and the Sea of Stories, 661; Midnight's Children, 660; The Satanic Verses, 660- 61; Shame, 660

Russ, Joanna, 505, 579, 698, 699, 702, 806; The Adventures of Alyx, 724; Alyx, 724; The Female Man, 699, 704, 706, 724; Picnic on Paradise, 724; The Two of Them, 724; "When It Changed," 724

Russian Jews, ethnic novels, 383, 404

Russian Revolution, 322

Ruta, Suzanne, 621

Sacco and Vanzetti case, 323

Sacrifice, and social control, 194 -95

Sadism, of Hemingway, 322

Saint-Domingue revolution, 92

St. Omer, Garth, 594

Sainz, Gustavo: Corazón de palabras, 631; Gazapo, 631; Obsesivos días circulares, 631

Salas, Floyd, Tattoo the Wicked Cross, 453

Saldívar, José David, The Dialectics of Our America, 526

Salinger, J. D., 806; The Catcher in the Rye, 492; Franny and Zooey, 492; Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpeters, 492; Seymour: An Introduction, 492

Salkey, Andrew, 594, 598; A Quality of Violence, 600

Salvation, male: women and, 124 -25

Salzman, Arthur M., 741

Same-sex relationships, Cather and, 279 -80

Sam Sharpe Insurrection, 97

Sanchez, Thomas, Rabbit Boss, 455

Sandburg, Carl, 311

Sandoz, Mari, 457

San Francisco, as literary center, 407

Santos, Bienvenido, 653

Sarduy, Severo, 626; Cobra, 628

Saroyan, William, 383

Sarraute, Nathalie, 699

— 894-

Sartre, Jean-Paul, Being and Nothingness, 487

Satie, Erik, 314

Satire: avant-garde, 734; in postmodern fiction, 705; of the West, 450

Savard, Felix-Antoine, Menaud, maîtredraveur (Master of the River), 568

Sayre, Robert F.: The Examined Self: Benjamin Franklin, Henry Adams, Henry James, 281; and Franklin, 36

Sayre, Zelda. See Fitzgerald, Zelda Sayre

Scandinavian ethnic novels, 384, 389 -92

Scarborough, Dorothy, 457

Scholarship, postcolonial, 656

Schools: Canadian, literature in, 578; and literary market, 49

Schulberg, Budd, 451; What Makes Sammy Run? 402 -3

Schwartzwald, Robert, 574

Science fiction, 360 -66, 371; Acker and, 724; Delany and, 724- 25; gay, 554 -56; postmodern, 699; Vonnegut and, 722

Scientific method, sociology and, 192, 215

Scribner's Monthly, 303

Sea fiction, nineteenth century, 148 -51

Seaforth, Sybil, 605

Sedgwick, Catharine Maria, 64 -65, 806 -7; Clarence, 120; Home, 110; Hope Leslie, 122 -23; A NewEngland Tale, 122; The Poor Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man, 120

Sedgwick, Eve, 637

Sedition Act (1918), 323

Seduction novels, 7, 12, 219; early American, 15 -19; nineteenth century, 110

Seeger, Alan, 318

Segregation, racial, 411 -12, 430

Selby, Hubert, Last Exit to Brooklyn, 492

Self: American, early creation, 30; caricature of, 81; construction of, 29; creation of, by Franklin, 36; destruction of, Poe and, 82; female, domesticity and, 121 -23; gothic novels and, 22–23; James's view, 164 -67; reform of, Emerson's views, 130 31

Self-control, slavery and, abolitionist views, 141

Self-exploitation, 682

Self-reliance, nineteenth-century views, 123

Self-sacrifice, female: Canadian theme, 568; Howells and, 182 -83, 186

Selvon, Sam, 587, 589, 594, 596, 600 601; A Brighter Sun, 600; The Lonely Londoners, 596, 601; Moses Ascending, 596, 601; Moses Migrating, 596, 601; Turn Again Tiger, 600

Seneca Falls, women's rights convention, 143, 218

Sensational novels, nineteenth century, 57

Sensation fiction, female, 110

Sentimental novels: early American, 1519; dime novels and, 295; nineteenth century, 52, 56, 60, 110, 219; reform movements and, 222; story papers, 289 -90

Serialized fiction: in magazines, 303; in story papers, 291

"Serious" fiction, 696

Setting, in Gass's fiction, 740 -41

Settlement, Western, novels of, 437 -38

Seventeenth-century writings: autobiographical, 29–31; captivity narratives, 32 -33

Sewall, Samuel, Diary, 31

Sex, in Western novels, 440

Sexes, moral difference between, domestic ideology and, 124 -26

Sexism, in postmodern fiction, 698

Sexuality, 542 -43; early realists and, 188; gay, and gender, 551; James and, 163; literary treatments, postWorld War II, 501 -2

— female: Lesbianism and, 279; Le Sueur and, 351; post-World War II, 506

Sexual power, James and, 164-65

Sexual tyranny, slave narrative and, 41–42

— 895-

Shakers, 133

Shakespeare and Company (bookstore), 312, 321

Shame, Wright and, 432

Shand, Hubert, White and Black, 420

Sheer, Steven C., 72

Shelley, Mary, 361

Sheperd, Thomas, autobiography, 26

Shinebourne, Janice, 605 Shipboard life, reform of, 149

Short, Luke, Rimrock, 440

Short stories: avant-garde, 720 -21, 744, 745 -46; postmodern, 535 -36

Shuffle Along (musical revue), 411

Shulman, Max, Rally Round the Flag, Boys! 507

Sigourney, Lydia Huntley, 807; Letters to Mothers, 126

Silko, Leslie Marmon, 457, 807; Ceremony, 456; Storyteller, 457

Simmel, Georg: "How Is Society Possible?" 199; The Philosophy of Money, 212

Simms, William Gilmore, 51, 55, 73, 807- 8; Woodcraft, 145 -46; The Yemassee, preface to, 73

Simpson, Mona, Anywhere but Here, 466

Simulation, 483 -84

Sinclair, Bertha Muzzy. See Bower, B. M.

Sinclair, Upton, 335, 808; The Jungle, 226, 236 -38, 471

Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 808; Enemies: A Love Story, 498; The Family Moskat, 498

Sisterhood of Reforms, 132

Sisterhood of women, and slavery, 153

škvorecký, Josef, 574

Sky, Gino, Appaloosa Rising, 450

Slave narratives, 55–56; autobiographical, 37 -41; Native Americans and, 45

Slave revolts, fictional accounts, 151

Slavery: African American writers and, 150 -53; domesticity and, 119; Du Bois and, 206; Emerson and, 130 31; Melville and, 150; post-Civil War views, 243 -46; reform movement, 218 -22; romanticization of, 244, 89 -109; Stowe's depiction, 144 -45; Warren and, 415 -16; women and, 142 -43

Slave women, status of, 153

Slesinger, Tess, 353 -54; "Missis Flinders," 354; Time: The Present, 353; The Unpossessed, 353-54

Small, Albion, 190, 193, 196, 201

Smedley, Agnes, 339; Daughter of Earth, 334 -39, 350

Smertenko, Johan, 388

Smith, Adam, 48 -49, 50, 70; Wealth of Nations, 47

Smith, Betty, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, 504

Smith, E. E., Skylark series, 361; The Skylark of Space, 361

Smith, Elizabeth Oakes, 809; Riches Without Wings, 120

Smith, Francis, Bertha Bascomb, the Sewing Machine Girl, 294

Smith, Gerrit, 142

Smith, Henry Nash, Virgin Land, 489

Smith, John, 30

Smith, Lillian, 411- 12, 426; Killers of the Dream, 424; Strange Fruit, 424

Smith, Ormond, 292, 357

Smith, Ray, Lord Nelson Tavern, 561

Snyder, Gary, 447

Snyder, Richard E., 686, 688

Social categories, 217

Social change, 509; Davis's views, 176; Du Bois and, 208 -10; formula fiction and, 378; and literature of environment, 505; Melville and, 193; mid-twentieth-century novel and, 489- 90; national literature and, 241; nineteenth century, 268 -69, 190; nineteenth-century realism and, 161; post-World War II, 494; proletarian fiction and, 333 -34, 336 -39; sentimental novels and, 219; story papers and, 291; Western fiction and, 366 -67; women writers and, 283. See also Social reform

Social class: Davis and, 174 -77; eighteenth-century views, 34; gender -896- and, 283 -84; psychoanalysis and, 487 Social control: and vigilance, 197 -99; typecasting and, 194 -96

Social Darwinism, science fiction and, 362

Social determinism, and individualism, 193

Social evolution: contradictions, 202; Du Bois and, 206; James and, 200

Social injustice, Melville and, 67

Socialism, 333, 336 -37, 485 -86; Bellamy and, 229 -30; literary criticism and, 332

Socialist literature, 489

Socialist realism, Du Bois and, 210

Socialization of women, Hindu, 675

Social realism, late nineteenth century, 157 -59, 197–200

Social reform, 130 -54, 216; Emerson and, 130- 31; slave narratives and, 39 -41; women and, 236. See also Social change

Social reformers, observation of lower classes, 197

Social science: fiction and, 189 -215; immigrant experience, 382

Social scientific method, Stein and, 215

Social types, language of, 191

Social value: art and, 334 -35; in autobiography, 26; in Western fiction, 464

Social work for women, domestic ideology and, 125 -26

Society: and identity, 485–509; knowledge of, to sociologists, 191- 92; nineteenth century, influence of women, 115 -17, 124 -25; Western fiction and, 367 -68

— early American, 3 -5, 12 -14; Cooper and, 23–25; gothic novels and, 22; women's status, 16 -19

Sociological journalism, 381

Sociology, 189- 91

Solecki, Sam, 565

Sollers, Philippe, 700

Sollors, Werner, 380

Solotaroff, Ted, 686, 693; "The Publishing Culture and the Literary Culture," 694 -95

Sommer, Doris, 641

Sone, Monica, Nisei Daughter, 500

Sontag, Susan, 809

Sophistication, Barthelme and, 743

Sorensen, Virginia, 457 -58

Sorrentino, Gilbert, Mulligan Stew, 732

Southern Literary Messenger, 96

Southern states: literary culture, 54–55, 407; Poe and, 93; racial issues, 412 -14; regional writing, 414 -21; Twain and, 245 -46

Southern writers: African American, 430 -36; and race, 425 -31

Southey, Robert, 26

Southworth, E. D. E. N., 271, 282, 289 -90, 809- 10; The Hidden Hand, 110

Soviet Union, 343; influences on American writers, 333, 334- 35

Soyinka, Wole, 667; "Twice-Bitten: The Fate of Africa's Culture Producers," 668

Space travel, 361, 364 -65

Spanbauer, Tom, 461

Spanish-American War, 158, 248 -49

Spanish conquest, 622

Spector, Herman, 344

Spencer, Herbert, 206

Spengemann, William, 8

Spengler, Oswald, Decline of the West, 525

Spicer, Jack, 450

Spillane, Mickey: I, the Jury, 372; Vengeance Is Mine, 378

The Spirit of the Times, 55

Spiritual autobiography, 31–33; African American, 38–39; early American, 31–33

Spiritualism, Hawthorne and, 134 -35

Spivak, Gayatri, 648

Spofford, Harriet Prescott, 810 Sports novels, 357 -58

Stadler, Ernst, 318

Stafford, Jean, 458

Standardization, of domestic novels, 113

— 897-

Standish, Burt L.See Patten, Gilbert Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 126, 142, 143, 218

Static analysis of society, 192 -93

Status, alternative publishing and, 681

— of women: early American, 15 -19; late nineteenth century, 269

Stearns, J. F., 116

Steffens, Lincoln, 237

Stegner, Wallace, 439, 443 -44, 446, 810; Angle of Repose, 451 -53; The Big Rock Candy Mountain, 443-44

Stein, Gertrude, 193, 204 -5, 312 -16, 330, 408, 727, 728, 810- 11; The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, 311, 316; Hemingway and, 321; The Making of Americans, 204, 210 -15, 314-15; "Melanctha," 409; Q.E.D.; or, Things as They Are, 316; Tender Buttons, 314; Three Lives, 312, 313, 316, 409, 501

Steinbeck, John, 326, 441 -42, 489, 811; East of Eden, 442; The Grapes of Wrath, 342 -43, 400, 442, 446, 458; In Dubious Battle, 441-42; Of Mice and Men, 442

Steiner, Edward, From Alien to Citizen, 385

Steiner, George, On Difficulty, and Other Essays, 693

Steinmetz, S. R., 201

Stella, Joseph, 384 -85

Stephens, Ann S., 52, 296; Fashion and Famine, 120, 147; Malaeska: The Indian Wife of the White Hunter, 122, 295, 438; The Old Homestead, 152

Steptoes, Lydia. See Barnes, Djuna

Stereotypes, homosexual, 502

Sterling, J., 657

Stern, Robert A. M., 516

Sterne, Laurence: Fuentes and, 620 -21; A Sentimental Journey, 7

Stoddard, Elizabeth Drew, 282, 811 12; The Morgesons, 110, 139

Stokes, James Phelps Graham, 387

Stone, Albert E., Autobiographical Occasions and Original Acts, 28 -29

Stone, Monica, 405

Stone, Robert, 451, 521, 535, 537, 812; Dog Soldiers, 493; A Flag for Sunrise, 537- 38

Stories, proletarian, 344

Story papers, 286 -91, 304

Storytelling, postmodern return to, 528 -29

Stout, Rex, Over My Dead Body, 377

Stowe, Calvin, 65

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 64, 114, 812.; Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, 146; A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, 146; The Minister's Wooing, 124; Oldtown Folks, 124; Pearl of Orr's Island, 117, 125; and reform fiction, 238; Uncle Tom's Cabin, 50, 52, 54, 55, 65–66, 119, 124, 125, 144 -46, 217 -22, 226, 241

Stramm, August, 318

Stratford, Philip, All the Polarities, 572 -73

Straus, Roger, III, 684

Stream of consciousness: immigrant novels, 394 -95; Stein and, 314

Street and Smith (publishers), 291, 292 94, 296- 97, 300, 357; pulp magazines, 302, 359

Street theater, 667

Stribling, T. S., 417; Birthright, 420

Strikes, late nineteenth century, 158

Strong, Josiah, 258

Strunk, William, Jr., The Elements of Styles 478

Style of writing: efficiency movement and, 478; of James, 168; postmodern, 516, 706 -7

Subsidiary rights, 686

Suburban novels, 507

Success: novels of, 357- 59; immigrant experience, 385

Such, Peter, Riverrun, 563

Suckow, Ruth, 458

Sue, Eugène, 288

Suffragists, and domestic ideology, 126

Suggs, Christian, 344

Suicide, realist symbolism, 176

Sui Sin Far (Edith Eaton), 270, 273, 277

— 898-

Sukenick, Ronald, 732, 812 -13

Sully-Prudhomme, René-FrançoisArmand, 578

Sundquist, Eric, 91

Surface, in Hawkes's fiction, 729

Surrealism, 327; Carpentier and, 524 -25

Survival manuals, nineteenth century, 51

Susman, Warren, 343

Sutherland, Ronald, Second Image, 572

Swan, Susan, Biggest Modern Woman of the World, 580, 583 -84 Symbolism: in captivity narrative, 33; in Chesnutt's writing, 180; in Cooper's novels, 23–25; in Eastlake's work, 445; in Howells's writing, 184; in naturalist novels, 226 -27

Syntax, simplicity in, 11

Taking Stock: The Calgary Conference on the Canadian Novel, 577 -79

Talk story: Chinese, 533; postmodern, 534

Tan, Amy, 406, 462; The Joy Luck Club, 463

Tanner, Edward Everett. See Dennis, Patrick

Tanner, Tony, 731, 740

Tarbell, Ida, 236 -37

Taste, literary, 694 -95

Tate, Allen, 416

Tatum, Stephen, 456

Taylor, Edward, 31

Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 476, 479 Technique, literary, nineteenth-century writers and, 69

Technocracy: postmodern capitalism as, 679; science fiction of, 365 -66

Technocratic utopians, 469

Technological changes in publishing, 681; and literary market, 49

Technologic analysis of society, 193

Technology, fiction and, 51, 465 -84; science fiction, 361 -66

Television, fiction and, 480 -84; symbolism of, 466 -67; Westerns, 441

Temperance movement, 136 -40, 236; abolitionists and, 142; Uncle Tom's Cabin and, 44

Tenney, Tabitha, 813

Testimonios, 645 -48

Theater of Cruelty, 450, 448

Them! (film), 362

Theory of slavery, Poe, 98 -99

Theriault, Yves, Agaguk, 576

Theytus Books, 577

Third world nations, 650

Third world writers, 665

Thomas, Audrey, 567, 579; Blown Figures, 584; Munchmeyer and Prospero on the Island, 580

Thomas, Lewis, 464

Thomas, Piri, 406

Thomas, W. L, "The Psychology of Race-Prejudice," 205

Thompson, G. R., Poe's Fiction: Romantic Irony in the Gothic Tales, 109

Thompson, George, New-York Life, 51

Thoreau, Henry David, 469; Emerson and, 470

Thurman, Wallace, Infants of the Spring, 422

Ticknor, Caroline, 229; Poe's Helen, Woolf's review, 95 Time travel, 361

"Tip Top Weekly," 357

Tobenkin, Elias, 386; Witte Arrives, 385

Toklas, Alice B., 311

Tolstoy, Leo Nikolaevich, Hemingway and, 321

Tomasi, Mari, 398, 399; Like Lesser Gods, 399

Tompkins, Jane, 289 Tom Swift series, 477

Toomer, Jean, 418 -20, 422; Cane, 421

Tourgée, Albion, 813

Tourism, regionalism and, 252 -53

Tousey, Frank, 206, 291

Trachtenberg, Alan, The Incorporation of America, 189

Traditions, national, 259

Trakl, Georg, 318

Transcendentalists, 133

-899-

Transnational novels, 660

Transportation, and literary market, 49

Travel narratives, 34

Travers, Robert (John D. Voelker), Anatomy of a Murder, 490

Tremblay, Michel, 572

Trilling, Diana, 401

Trilling, Lionel, 72, 386, 492; The Liberal Imagination, 488

Trinh Minh-ha, Woman, Native, Other, 614

Trinidad (magazine), 592

Trinidad, writing in, 592, 600 -603

Trollope, Anthony, North America, 8

Trollope, Frances, 8

Trotsky, Leon, Literature and Revolution, 343

Truth, Sojourner, 127, 142

Truth: autobiography and, 45; Melville and, 67; mid-twentieth-century views, 488

Truth-value, in autobiography, 28 -29

Tucker, Nathaniel Beverley, 96

Tully, Jim, Shanty Irish, 395

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich, Hemingway and, 321

Turner, Frederick Jackson, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," 242

Twain, Mark (Samuel Langhorne Clemens), 8, 162, 168 -72, 188, 196, 813 -14; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 20, 117 -18, 168, 172, 187, 245 -46, 304, 324; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 168, 255 -56, 304; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, 168, 256 -57, 361, 466 -67, 470, 472 -74; and Cooper, 161; "Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses," 161; The Gilded Age, 168; Howells and, 182; The Innocents Abroad, 252; Life on the Mississippi, 168, 245; "The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg," 169; "The Mysterious Stranger," 169; "Old Times on the Mississippi," 168, 169-72; Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc256; and picaresque novels, 20; Pudd'nhead Wilson, 157, 169, 187, 245-46; and racism, 187 88; regionalism of, 152 -54; Roughing It, 253 -54; and Southern society, 245-46; "The United States of Lyncherdom," 187-88

Twentieth century. See Early twentieth century; Late twentieth century; Post- World War II era

Twysden, Duff, 320

Type categories, 205; Du Bois and, 209; late nineteenth century, 191; realist fiction and, 199 -200; and social control, 194 -96; sociology and, 201; Stein and, 210 -15

Undesirable characters, naturalist fiction, 203

Unger, Douglas, 461

Union activity, 322

United States: Canada and, 583 -84; immigrants, 653; internal colonization, 654 -55; literary culture, 47; Mukherjee's views, 677; nineteenth century, cultural influences, 48; and postmodern fiction, 699; twentieth century, 408

Universality of truth, 488

University of Chicago, 189

Unmarketable fiction, 690

Unsettled nature of early American society, 13, 14

Unsolicited novels, publication of, 683

Updike, John, 508 -9, 814; Borges viewed by, 616; The Centaur, 508; Couples, 508-9; A Month of Sundays, 449; Rabbit at Rest, 509; Rabbit Is Rich, 509; Rabbit Redux, 509; Rabbit Run, 509; S., 449

Upfield, Arthur W., Hillerman and, 455

Uplifting fiction, 116

Upward mobility, fiction of, 382

Urban fiction: dime novels, 297; story papers, 288; Western, 450 -51, 460

Urbanization: Canadian, 570; twentieth century, 407 -8

Urban literary centers, 407

Urban reform movement, 147 -49

Urban Westerns, 450-51, 460

Uslar Pietri, Arturo, 523, 524

-900-

Utopianism: Emerson and, 469; nineteenth century, 471; reform novels and, 227 -30; technological novels, 474 -76

Utopian novels, Howells, 168

Valdez, Luís, 406

Valenzuela, Luisa, 637 -42, 814 -15; Other Weapons, 637- 41

Valgardson, W. D., 574

Values: American, James and, 164; literary, determination of, 696

van Delden, Maarten, 738

VanDerBeets, Richard, The Indian Captivity Narrative: An American Genre, 32

Van Dine, S. S. (Willard Huntington Wright), 374

Van Doren, Carl, 386

van Herk, Aritha, Places Far from Ellesmere, 567, 582

Van Vechten, Carl, 410 -11; Nigger Heaven, 411

Vargas Llosa, Mario, 622 -23, 815; Captain Pantoja and the Special Service, 622; Conversation in the Cathedral, 622; The Green House, 622-23; Who Killed Palomino Molero? 622

Vasquez, Richard, Chicano, 453

Vassière, Pierre de, 90

Veblen, Thorstein, 360; The Theory of the Leisure Class, 200; workmanship principle, 68

Vecki, Victor, Threatening Shadows, 383

Vega, Ana Lydia, 623

Ventura, Luigi Donato, Peppino, 385

Venturi, Robert, 516

Verdugo, Patricia, Detenidosdesaparecidos: Una herida abierta, 647

Vernacular realism of Twain, 168, 172

Verne, Jules, 361

Vespucci, Amerigo, 6

Victor, Metta Victoria, 139, 297; The Dead Letter, 297; Fashionable Dissipation, 139; Maum Guinea and Her Plantation "Children,"297; The Senator's Son, 139

Victorian era, ideal women, 279

Vidal, Gore, 815; The City and the Pillar, 502

Vietnam War, 453

Viezzer, Moema, 647

Vigilance, social control and, 197 -99

Viking Press, 682 -83

Villa, Silvio, 398

Villarreal, José Antonio, 406, 815- 16; Pocho, 453, 501

Vinciguerra, Francesca (Frances Winwar), 398

Violence: effectism and, 439; late twentieth century, 451; male, Oates and, 537; in postmodern culture, 520; in postmodern fiction, 698; in Western novels, 440

Viramontes, Helena María, 521, 535; The Moths and Other Stories, 522, 536

Virtual reality, 483 -84

Virtue, social, nineteenth-century ideas, 115 -17

Virtuous behavior, Cooper and, 23–25

Vizenor, Gerald, Darkness in Saint Louis Bearheart, 457

Voelker, John D. See Travers, Robert

Voice, cultural, novelists and, 10–11, 14

Vonnegut, Kurt, 816; Cat's Cradle, 722; Deadeye Dick, 722; Galapagos, 722; Mother Night, 722; Player Piano, 722; The Sirens of Titan, 722; Slapstick, 722; SlaughterhouseFive, 699, 703, 704, 722

Vorticism, 317

Voting rights for women, 269; domestic ideology and, 126 -27; Emerson and, 131; nineteenth century ideas, 116; T. Roosevelt and, 270

Wage slavery, 148, 157; women and, 152

Walcott, Derek, 587, 653 Waldenbooks, 687

Waldseemüller, Martin, 6

-901-

Walker, Alice, The Third Life of Grange Copeland, 432

Walker, Maggie, 268

Wallace, Lew, 816 -17; Ben-Hur, 258 59; The Fair God, 258

Wallant, Edward Lewis, The Pawnbroker, 403

Walton, Eda Lou, 394

War, glorification of, 317

Ware, William, 114

Warner, Charles Dudley, 272

Warner, Marian, The Vanishing American, 370

Warner, Susan B., 64, 65, 114, 271, 282, 817; The Wide, Wide World, 52, 110, 123

Warner, William, 481

Warner Communications, 687

War of 1812, 49

War poetry, World War I, 318

Warren, Austin, 397

Warren, Robert Penn, 414 -16, 488; All the King's Men, 415; At Heaven's Gate, 415; Band of Angels, 415; "The Briar Patch," 415; Brother to Dragons, 415-16; The Cave, 415; Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé, 416; John Brown: The Making of a Martyr, 415; Night Rider, 415; A Place to Come To, 415; "Prime Leaf," 415; Segregation: The Inner Conflict in the South, 416; Who Speaks for the Negro? 416; World Enough and Time, 415

Warshow, Robert, 301

War stories, 249 -50; dime novels, 294; Native American, 43 -44; story papers, 289

Washington, Booker T., 274, 435; Up From Slavery, 435

Washington, George: Cooper and, 24

Washington, Mary Helen, 497

Washingtonian Societies, 137

Waters, Frank: The Man Who Killed the Deer, 443; The Woman at Otowi Crossing, 443

Watson, Sheila, The Double Hook, 565, 578, 579

Waugh, Evelyn, 451

Waugh, Patricia, 673

Wayne, John, 367

Weatherwax, Clara, 332; Marching! Marching! 339, 345

Webb, Frank J., 817; The Garies and Their Friends, 55 -56

Weber, Max, "Protestant Ethic," 191

Webster, Daniel, 218 The Weekly Anglo-African, 151

Weems, Mason, The Drunkard's Looking Glass, 138

Weininger, Otto, Sex and Character, 212

Welch, James, 457, 817; Fools Crow, 457; Winter in the Blood, 456

Weld, Theodore, 142; Slavery As It Is, 141

Wellek, René, 397, 488

Wells, H. G., 249, 361; The War of the Worlds, 362

Wells, Ida B., 236, 269

Welty, Eudora, 817- 18

West, Cornel, 521, 699

West, James L. W., American Authors and the Literary Marketplace Since 1900, 685

West, Nathanael, 451, 818; Anderson and, 327; The Day of the Locust, 327; Miss Lonelyhearts, 327

West: deromanticization of, 261 -63; idealization of, 255, 259 -61

Westbrook, Max, 442, 443

Western fiction: Canadian, 562 -65; dime novels, 294- 97; formulaic, 366 -71; gentrification of, 304; late twentieth century, 437 -64

Western Story Magazine, 302

West Indies, 586; Canadian novels set in, 584. See also under Caribbean

Wharton, Edith, 267, 270, 273, 275 77, 282, 283, 283, 818- 29; The Age of Innocence, 276; The House of Mirth, 225; The Touchstone, 276

Wheat, symbolism of, 262 -63

Wheeler, Edward L., 296, 299, 438; Deadwood Dick, the Prince of the Road; or, The Black Rider of the Black Hills, 301

-902-

Whistler, Henry, 89

White, E. B., The Elements of Style, 478

White, Edmund: The Beautiful Room Is Empty, 553; A Boy's Own Story, 551, 552 -53

White, Walter, 411, 420; The Fire in the Flint, 420

White City, 189 -91

Whitehead, Alfred North, 314

Whiteness, symbolism of, 106, 108 -9, 189-91

Whiteside, Thomas, 680, 686, 687

White Southern writers, and blacks, 417 -20

Whitman, Elizabeth, 16

Whitman, Sarah Helen, 104

Whitman, Walt, 8, 104; and Civil War, 157; Franklin Evans, 138; Leaves of Grass, preface to, 104; Specimen Days, 157

Whittaker, Frederick, 285, 293; Larry Locke, the Man of Iron; or, A Fight for Fortune. A Story of Labor and Capital, 301

Whyte, William H., The Organization Man, 485

Wiebe, Rudy, The Temptations of Big Bear, 563

Wilder, Billy, Double Indemnity (film), 378

Wilderness, importance of, in Western fiction, 459

Wild West Weekly, 296

Willard, Frances, 236

Williams, Denis, 597; Other Leopards, 598

Williams, Jeanne, 440

Williams, Raymond, 304, 526; Keywords, 286; Television: Technology and Cultural Form, 481 82

Williams, Tennessee, 430

Williams, William Carlos, 311

Williamsburg trilogy, Fuchs, 393

Williamson, Jack, The Humanoids, 365 -66

Willis, N. P., 63

Willis, Sara Payson. See Fern, Fanny

Wilmington, North Carolina, Riot (1898), 179

Wilson, Amrit, Finding a Voice, 676

Wilson, Augusta Evans, St. Elmo, 110

Wilson, Edmund, 323

Wilson, Ethel, Swamp Angel, 564

Wilson, Harriet E. Adams, 282, 819; Our Nig; or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black, 55–56, 127 -28, 152 -53

Wilson, Sloan, The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit, 507 -8

Wilson, Woodrow, 411

Winchell, Mark Royden, 451

Winther, Sophus K., Take All to Nebraska, 441

Winwar, Frances. See Vinciguerra, Francesca

Wiseman, Adele, 574

Wister, Owen, 304, 819; The Virginian, 259 -60, 304, 368 -70, 439

Woiwode, Larry, Beyond the Bedroom Wall, 461

Wolfe, Thomas, 575

Wolitzer, Meg, This Is Your Life, 466 -67

Wolman, John, 31

Womanhood: nineteenth-century ideal, 57, 60, 65, 118 -19; Victorian stereotype, 219

Woman Movement, 270

Women: abolitionists, 142 -43; and art, 272 -73; change in status, 298; colonial, education of, 657; early American views, 15–19; exploitation of, nineteenth century, 152; idealization of, slavery and, 102; metaphoric exile, 651; moral superiority of, 124 26; nineteenth century, 50, 114, 142-43, 276; and social change, 268 -70; and social reform, 236; Southern, 424 -25; and temperance movement, 137; Victorian ideal, 279; West Indian, 594; Wright and, 433 -34

--- African American, 268, 269; and domesticity, 127-28; Hurston and, 423 -24

-903-

Women (Continued)

--- as audience, 688 -89; for dime novels, 297, 301

--- fictional representations: in adventure fiction, 378; in detective novels, 371 -73, 376 -78; in frontier novels, 438; by Hemingway, 322; in Latin American fiction, 615; by Poe, 94 95, 97, 101 -2; in realist fiction, 187, 200 -201; in Western fiction, 367 -68, 371

--- immigrant, 269; suffragists and, 126; as writers, 273

--- status of: nineteenth century, 142 43; post-World War II, 486; reform novels and, 230- 32, 235 -36; in slavery, 153

--- work of, 268, 269; antebellum novels and, 51; domestic ideology and, 125 -26; 1930s, 338

--- as writers, 5, 270 -84, 338, 694 -95, 695; of adventure narratives, 52; African American, 270, 173, 283, 421 -25, 496; Canadian, 561; Cather and, 278 -79; of detective stories, 297, 373; of dime novels, 297; and divorce, 143 -44; of experimental fiction, 699; Hawthorne and, 69; immigrant, 273; Irish American, 397 -98; Italian American, 398, 399; Latin American, 623 -25, 629, 633 -47; male writers and, 62 63; Native American, autobiographical writings, 45; nineteenth century, 46, 56 -57, 59 -60, 110, 114, 282 83; Norris's view, 267 -68; Poe and, 70; postmodern, 698, 723; professionalism of, 64 -65; of proletarian fiction, 333; Southern, 425 -26; of technological utopias, 475; of Western fiction, 367-68, 457 -58, 462; working class, 350 -56

Women's clubs, 268

Women's magazines, 303

Women's movement, abolitionism and, 142-43

Women's narratives, in story papers, 289 -90

Women's novels: Canadian, 579 -81; Caribbean, 603 -4; detective novels and, 373; nineteenth century, 110 11; post-World War II, 505 -7; temperance themes, 138 -40

Women's suffrage: domestic ideology and, 126 -27; Emerson and, 131

Wong, Jade Snow, Fifth Chinese Daughter, 500

Wong, Shawn, 406

Wood, Thelma, 328

Woods, Clement, Nigger, 420

Woodward, C. Vann, 411

Woolf, Virginia, 95, 314

Woolson, Constance Fenimore, 282 Workers, expatriate, 653

Worker's Dreadnaught, 346

Working class, 331-56; and cheap fiction, 293 -94; and dime novels, 300 -301; ethnic novels, 384, 385; migrants, 659; nineteenth century, 177; temperance movement and, 137; white, social reformers and, 146, 147

--- writers, 343 -44; women, 1930s, 350-56

Working conditions, reform fiction, 232 -33, 227 -28

Working-girl romances, 297

Workplace novels, post- World War II, 506

World's Anti-Slavery Convention (1840), 142, 218

World's Columbian Exposition (1893), 189, 242, 251 -52

World War I, 318; Hemingway and, 319

World War II, 491; Canada and, 570; and ethnic literature, 401 -2; paperback books, 359, 686

Worship, domesticity and, 121

Wouk, Herman, 819 -20; The Caine Mutiny, 490; Marjorie Morningstar, 504

Wren, M. K. (Martha Kay Renfroe), 456

Wright, Frances, 133, 148, 820

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 197

Wright, Harold Bell, 283; The Winning of Barbara Worth, 477

-904-

Wright, Richard, 326, 344, 413, 430 31, 489, 820; Black Boy, 433, 434; "Bright and Morning Star," 348 -49; Eight Men, 433; "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow," 433; Lawd Today, 433; The Long Dream, 433, 434; "The Man Who Killed a Shadow," 431; Native Son, 87, 348, 432 -33, 495; The Outsider, 433; Savage Holiday, 434; Uncle Tom's Children, 348, 433; White Man, Listen! 431

Wright, Robert C., 455

Wright, Willard Huntington. See Van Dine, S. S.

Writers, 694 -95; identities of, 652 -53; Stein's view, 213 -14. See also Male writers; Women, as writers

Wylder, Delbert, 446

Wylie, Philip, When Worlds Collide, 365

Wynter, Sylvia, 594; The Hills of Hebron, 603

Yarborough, Richard, 349

Yezierska, Anzia, 273, 387 -89; Bread Givers, 388, 389; "Fat of the Land," 387; Hungry Hearts, 387, 388-89; Red Ribbon on a White Horse, 389; Salome of the Tenements, 387, 388

Young Rough Rider Weekly, 296 -97 Youth, Enlightenment concept, 115

Zalaquett, José, 618

Zapata, Luis, En jirones, 630 -31

Zitkala-Ša (Gertrude Bonnin), 270 -71

Zollinger, Norman, 461

Zugsmith, Leane, A Time to Remember, 339, 345

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