The Devils' Alliance: Hitler's Pact with Stalin, 1939-1941 - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Roger Moorhouse (PHOTOGRAPHS) #19

PHOTOGRAPHS

^{“Ours are better!” Guderian and Krivoshein enjoy the joint Nazi-Soviet parade at Brest, Poland: September 1939 (Bundesarchiv, Berlin)}

^{Soviet and German troops exchange cigarettes and comradely greetings (© IWM)}

^{Molotov signs the Nazi-Soviet Pact under Stalin’s watchful eye: August 24, 1939 (akg-images/Universal Images Group/Sovfoto)}

^{“I know how much the German nation loves its Führer. I should therefore like to drink to his health.” Stalin and Heinrich Hoffmann share a celebratory toast in the Kremlin (bpk/Bayerische Staatsarchiv/Archiv Heinrich Hoffmann)}

^{Harry Pollitt’s illstarred Communist Party pamphlet “How to Win the War,” which angered the Kremlin for advocating the defence of Poland (author’s collection)}

^{“The scum of the earth, I believe?” David Low’s iconic cartoon of September 1939, giving the Western view of the Pact’s dark cynicism (Solo Syndication)}

^{Hitler announces the German invasion of Poland to the Reichstag in the Kroll Opera House: September 1, 1939 (Bundesarchiv, Berlin)}

^{Victorious German troops march through the ruins of a Polish village (R. Schäfer, private collection)}

^{Molotov announces the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September; in support of the USSR’s “brothers of the same blood” (Fundacja Ośrodka KARTA)}

^{A Red Army BT-7 tank trundles through the eastern Polish town of Raków, past the bewildered inhabitants (akg-images/Universal Images Group/Sovfoto)}

^{The German 6th Army parades before Hitler in former Polish capital, Warsaw: October 1939 (Bundesarchiv, Berlin)}

^{The murderous reality of German rule. An execution in the Polish town of Sosnowiec: autumn 1939 (akg-images/East News)}

^{The Red Army parades through the Polish city of Lwów, past a portrait of Stalin: September 1939 (Fundacja Ośrodka KARTA)}

^{The murderous reality of Soviet rule. The corpses of a few of Stalin’s Polish victims, exhumed at Katyn: April 1943 (Bundesarchiv, Berlin)}

^{Jews being deported by the Nazis from the city of Łódź in occupied Poland: March 1940 (Bundesarchiv, Berlin)}

^{Replacing them, in theory, were ethnic Germans gathered from the areas ceded to Stalin by the Pact. Here Volksdeutsche from Bessarabia are loaded onto trains for the journey “Home to the Reich” (Bundesarchiv, Berlin)}

^{“This is how we annihilate the enemies of Soviet power.” A rare photograph of the mass deportation from Soviet-occupied Riga, the former Latvian capital: June 1941 (Collection of the Occupation Museum of Latvia)}

^{Condemned to “disappear… like a field mouse.” A deported Polish family from Stanisławów poses in front of their new “home” in Soviet Kazakhstan. They were amongst the lucky ones (Fundacja Ośrodka KARTA)}

^{The unfinished German heavy cruiser “Lützow” — the “flag-ship” of the Nazi-Soviet Pact — being towed into Leningrad: May 1940 (Russian Naval Archive/public domain)}

^{The German-Soviet economic relationship; more important to Berlin “than a battle won.” Here an engineer checks the levels on a consignment of Soviet oil heading for Hitler’s Reich: Winter 1940 (akg-images/picture-alliance)}

^{Molotov arrives in Berlin in November 1940 to negotiate the next phase of the Nazi-Soviet Pact (bpk/Bayerische Staatsarchiv/Archiv Heinrich Hoffmann)}

^{“Let’s divide the whole world!” Hitler and Molotov discuss terms, with Gustav Hilger interpreting, but agreement eludes them (bpk/Bayerische Staatsarchiv/Archiv Heinrich Hoffmann)}

^{Anxious Moscow residents listen to Molotov’s radio announcement of the Nazi invasion. “Our cause is just,” he intoned, “Victory will be ours” (akg-images/RIA Nowosti)}

^{Goebbels reads Hitler’s announcement of the attack on the USSR to the German people. “I feel totally free,” he later wrote in his diary (akg-images)}

^{For many in Moscow’s newly-annexed territories — such as here near Chișinău in former Bessarabia — the invading Germans were greeted as liberators (bpk/Hanns Hubmann)}

^{“The only thing left of the 56th Rifle Division was its number.” Some of the countless thousands of Red Army soldiers who surrendered to the Germans in the opening days of Operation Barbarossa (Klaas Meijer, private collection)}

^{A destroyed T-34 tank, one of the few sources of optimism for Stalin in June 1941, and ironically one built in large part using German technology (akg-images/interfoto)}

^{Local civilians remove a statue of Stalin, only recently erected, in Białystok, Poland: July 1941 (Bundesarchiv, Berlin)}

^{Sikorski (left) and Maisky (right) sign the Polish-Soviet Agreement, in the presence of Eden and Churchill (Fundacja Ośrodka KARTA)}

^{The Lietukis Garage Massacre. The Jews of Kaunas are beaten to death by the Nazis’ local collaborators: June 1941 (DÖW)}

^{Victims of the Soviet NKVD, strewn across the prison courtyard in Lwów, awaiting identification by their horrified relatives: June 1941 (Fundacja Ośrodka KARTA)}

^{The “Baltic Way” — a human chain that snaked its way through the Baltic republics of the USSR on the 50th anniversary of the Nazi-Soviet Pact — in protest at Stalin’s annexation of the three countries: August 1989 (Museum of Occupations, Tallinn, Estonia)}

^{This demonstration, at Šiauliai in Lithuania, made the connection brutally clear — showing the three Baltic republics as coffins, with the Nazi and Soviet flags joined over them: August 1989 (Rimantas Lazdynas)}