The Edge of the Sea

Index

Acmaea testudinalis

Actinopyga agassizi

Agarum turneri

Alaria esculenta,

Alcyonarians

Alcyonium digitatum

Algae; coralline (sp. Lithothamnion), (see also Seaweeds)

Amaroucium sp.

Ammodytes americanus

Amphipods

Amphithoë rubricata

Amphitrite figulus

Anadara ovalis

Anadara transversa

Anemone, sand (Cerianthus americanus), (see also Sea anemone)

Angel wing (Barnea costata)

Anomia simplex

Anthozoans

Anurida maritima

Aphrodite aculeata

Aplysia dactylomela

Apuleius

Area zebra

Arenicola marina

Argonauta argo

Aristotle

Arks

Arthropods

Ascidians

Ascophyllum nodosum

Asterias forbesi

Asterias vulgaris

Astrophyton muricatum

Atlantic coast, geologic history of; topography of

Atrina rigida or Atrina serrata

Amelia aurita

Balanus balanoides; enemies; habitat; reproduction

Barnacle, acorn or rock (see Balanus balanoides); gooseneck (Lepas fascicularis)

Barnea costata

Barracuda

Basket star (Astrophyton muricatum)

Beach fauna

Beach flea (Talorchestia longicornis)

Bears Bluff

Bêche-de-mer

Bird Shoal

“Black sands”

Black zone of shore

Blackfish

Blenny, beach-hopping

Boat shell (Crepidula fornicata)

Boreal zone

Botryllus schlosseri

Brevoortia tyrannus

Bristle worms,

Brittle star; daisy (Ophiopholis aculeata); West Indian (Ophiocoma echinata)

Bryozoans

Buccinum undatum

Busycon canaliculatum

Busycon carica

By-the-wind sailor (Velella mutica)

Byssus cord

Callianassa stimpsoni

Callinectes sapidus

Cancer borealis

Cape Cod

Cape Hatteras

Cape Lookout

Carcinides maenas

Cardinal fish

Cardisoma guanhumi

Caretta caretta

Cask shell (Tonna galea)

Cat’s eye

Cerianthus americanus

Cerithidea costata

Chaetopterus variopedatus

Chelonia mydas

Chiton; West Indian (Chiton tuberculatum)

Chondrus crispus

Cistenides gouldi

Clam, bloody (Anadara ovalis); coquina (Donax variabilis); razor; red-nose or rock-borer (Hiatella arctica); soft-shell (Mya arenaria)

Clam worm (Nereis virens)

Clava leptostyla

Cloth of gold

Clupea harengus

Clypeaster subdepressus

Cod (Gadus callarias)

Coelenterates

Coenobita clypeatus

Coffee-bean shell (Melampus bidentatus)

Comb jelly (Pleurobrachia pileus or Mnemiopsis leidyi)

Conch; fighting (Strombus alatus); horse (Pleuroploca gigantea); king crown or common crown (Melongena corona); queen (Strombus gigas)

Coral

Coral coast, intertidal life

Coral reef flats, life of

Coral reefs, life of

Coralline algae (sp. Lithothamnion)

Cowfish (Lactophrys trigonus),

Crab, blue (Callinectes sapidus); fiddler (Uca pugilator, Uca pugnax); gall (Cryptochirus corallicola); ghost (Ocypode albicans); green (Carcinides maenas); hermit; hermit, purple-clawed (Coenobita clypeatus); horseshoe (Limulus polyphemus); Jonah (Cancer borealis); mole (Emerita talpoida); pea (Pinnixa chaetopterana); spider (Stenorynchus seticornis); stone (Menippe mercenaria); white (Cardisoma guanhumi)

Crepidula fornicata

Cryptochirus corallicola

Ctenophore, (see also Comb jelly)

Cucumaria frondosa

Currents, relation to shore life

Cuvier

Cyanea capillata

Cymodocea manitorum

Cyphoma gibbosum

Diadema antillarum

Diatoms

Diopatra cupraea

Dodecaceria

Donax variabilis

Duke University

Dulse

Echinoderms

Echinometra lucunter

Ectocrines

Eels, rock (Pholis gunnellus); sand or launce (Ammodytes americanus)

Emerita talpoida

Enteromorpha intestinalis

Equatorial Current

Erectmochelys imbricata

Etrumeus sadina

Eucidaris tribuloides

Eunice fucata

Evolution toward land life, examples of: beach flea; coffee bean shell; ghost crab; periwinkles; hermit crab; white crab.

Fasciolaria hunteria,

Fierasfer bermudaensis

“Fireworms,”

Florida Keys, geologic history; life of; sands

Flotsam, shells in; strays found in

Flustrella hispida

Foraminifera

Fossil records

Fucus edentatus

Fucus spiralis

Fucus vesiculosis

Gadus callarias

Geologic history of Atlantic seacoast

Gerard, John

Gigartina stellata

Glauconite

Gorgonia flabellum

Gorgonians; Leptogorgia sp.; Pterogorgia acerosa, Xiphigorgia anceps

Grasses, sea; inhabitants of

Gray snapper

Gulf Stream,

Gulls

Halichondria panicea

Hawk Channel

Henricia sanguinolenta

Herring, round (Etrumeus sadina); sea (Clupea harengus)

Hiatella arctica

Hibernation of shore animals

Hippocampus hudsonius

Holdfasts, laminarian, inhabitants of

Holothurians, 277– (see also Sea cucumber)

Horn shell (Cerithidea costata)

Horny corals (see Gorgonians)

Horse conch (Pleuroploca gigantea)

Horse mussel (Volsella modiolus)

Hydroid, club-headed (Clava leptostyla); pink-hearted (Tubularia crocea); sertularian (Sertularia pumila)

Hydroids

Irish moss (Chondrus crispus); inhabitants of

Janthina janthina

Jellyfish, red or arctic (Cyanea capillata); white or moon jelly (Aurelia aurita)

Jingle shell (Anomia simplex)

Jupiter Inlet

Kelp; arctic; horsetail (Laminaria digitata); long-stalked (Laminaria longicruris); sugar (Laminaria saccharina); winged (Alaria esculenta)

Lactophrys trigonus

Laminaria digitata

Laminaria longicruris

Laminaria saccharina

Laminarian seaweeds

Laver, purple (Porphyra umbilicalis)

Leathesia difformis

Lepas fascicularis

Lepidonotus squamatus

Leucosolenia botryoides

Lichen, bearded (Usnea barbata); wall (Thelochistes parietinus)

Ligia exotica

Limpet (Acmaea testudinalis)

Limulus polyphemus

Linkia guildingii

Lithophaga bisulcata

Lithothamnion sp.

Littorina angulifera

Littorina littorea

Littorina neritoides

Littorina obtusata

Littorina saxatilis

Lobster, spiny (Panulirus argus)

Lugworm (Arenicola marina)

Luidea clathrata

Lunatia heros

Manatee grass (Cymodocea manitorum)

Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)

Mannitol

Marl

Martesia cuneiformis

Melampus bidentatus

Mellita testudinata

Melongena corona

Membranipora pilosa

Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus)

Menippe mercenaria

Merluccius bilinearis

Metridium dianthus

Miami oölite

Microporella ciliata

Minnows, salt-water

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Moira atropos

Mollusks

Monhegan Island

Moon, influence on tides; on vegetation

Moon jelly (Amelia aurita)

Moon snail (Polinices duplicatus or Lunatia heros)

Mount Desert Island

Murlin (Alaria esculenta)

Mussel, common or blue (Mytilus edulis); enemies of; habitat and life cycle; and Sertularians

Mussel, date (Lithophaga bisulcata)

Mussel, horse (Volsella modiolus)

Mya arenaria

Myrtle Beach

Mytilus edulis (see Mussel, common or blue)

Nautilus, paper (Argonauta argo)

Needlefish (Tylosura raphidoma)

Nemerteans

Nereid worms

Nereis virens

Nerite (Nerita peloronta or Nerita versicolor)

Noetia ponderosa

Nomeus gronovii

Oarweeds

Octopus (Octopus vulgaris)

Ocypode albicans

Old man’s beard (Usnea barbata)

Onchidium floridanum

Oölitic limestone

Opercula

Ophiocoma echinata

Ophiopholis aculeata

Oreaster reticulatus

Ostracods

Ostrea frons

Oysters; larval; mangrove (Ostrea frons); pearl (Pteria colymbus)

Palolo worm, Atlantic (Eunice fucata)

Panulirus argus

Parchment worm (Chaetopterus variopedatus)

Pearl fish (Fierasfer bermudaensis)

Pen shell (Atrina rigida or Atrina serrata)

Periwinkle, beaded (Tectarius muricatus); common (Littorina littorea); European rock (Littorina neritoides); mangrove (Littorina angulifera); rough or rock (Littorina saxatilis); smooth (Littorina obtusata)

Petaloconchus

Phaeophyceae

Pholis gunnellus

Physalia pelagica

Piddock, wood (Martesia cuneiformis)

Pinnixa chaetopterana

Pipefish (Syngnathus sp.)

Platyhelminths

Pleurobrachia pileus

Pleuroploca gigantea

Pliny

Plumed worm (Diopatra cupraea)

Polinices duplicatus

Polysiphonia lanosa

Ponderous ark (Noetia ponderosa)

Porphyra umbilicalis

Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia pelagica)

Pourtalès Plateau

Protophytes

Protozoans

Purple sail (Veletta mutica)

Purpurin

Radula, dog whelk; limpet; periwinkle

Ralfsia verrucosa

Ramshorn shell (Spirula spirula)

Red tides

Redi

Renilla reniformis

Rhizophora mangle

Rhodymenia palmata

Ribbon worms

Rock tripe (Umbilicaria sp.)

Rocks as records of history

Rockweed (see Wrack)

Rocky shores, life of

Sand, fauna of; types of

Sand anemone (Cerianthus americanus)

Sand dollar (Mellita testudinata)

Sand hopper (see Beach flea)

Sangamon interglacial period

Sanibel Island

Scale worm (Lepidonotus squamatus)

Scaphanders

Screwshell snail (Terebra)

Scyphozoans

Sea anemone, arctic; plumose (Metridium dianthus)

Sea birds, (see also Gulls)

Sea biscuit (Clypeaster subdepressus)

Sea bottle (Valonia macrophysa)

Sea colander (Agarum turneri)

Sea cucumber; northern (Cucumaria frondosa); West Indian (Actinopyga agassizi)

Sea fan (Gorgonia flabellum)

Sea finger (Alcyonium digitatum)

Sea grape (Molgula manhattensis)

Sea grasses; inhabitants of

Sea hare (Aplysia dactylomela)

Sea horse (Hippocampus hudsonius)

Sea lace (Membranipora pilosa); (Microporella ciliata)

Sea mat (Flustrella hispida)

Sea moss (see Irish moss)

Sea mouse (Aphrodite aculeata)

Sea pansy (Renilla reniformis)

Sea pens

Sea pork (Amaroucium sp.)

Sea potato (Leathesia difformis)

Sea roach (Ligia exotica)

Sea spider

Sea squirts

Sea star (Oreaster reticulatus)

Sea tangle (Laminaria saccharina)

Sea turtles, green (Chelonia my das); hawksbill (Erectmochelys imbricata); loggerhead (Caretta caretta)

Sea urchins; green (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis); heart (Moira atropos); keyhole (Mellita testudinata); long-spined (Diadema antillarum); rock-boring (Echinometra lucunter); slate-pencil (Eucidaris tri-buloides)

Sea vase (Ciona intestinalis)

Sea whip (see Gorgonians)

Seaweeds, exposed coast; sheltered coast, (see also Irish moss and Wrack)

Seed plants

Sertularia pumila

Shackleford Shoals

Shipworm (Teredo navalis)

Shoals, fauna of

Shrimp; ghost (Callianassa stimpsoni); mantis (Squilla empusa); snapping (Synalpheus brooksi)

Siphonophores

Skates

Slipper shell (Crepidula fornicata)

Snail, banded tulip shell (Fasciolaria hunteria); flamingo-tongue (Cyphoma gibbosum); moon or sand collar (Polinices duplicatus or Lunatia heros); nerite (Nerita peloranta or Nerita versicolor); screwshell (Terebra); vermetid (Petaloconchus); violet (Janthina janthina), (see also Periwinkle and Whelk)

Snellius

Soft coral (Alcyonium digitatum)

Sphaerella

Spheciospongia vesparia

Spirorbis borealis

Spirula spirula

Sponge; crumb-of-bread (Halichondria panicea); Leucosolenia botryoides; loggerhead (Spheciospongia vesparia); sulphur (Cliona celata)

Squids

Squilla empusa

Starfish; blood-red (Henricia sanguinolenta); common (Asterias forbesi); giant (Oreaster reticulatus); Linkia guildingii; Luidea clathrata; northern (Asterias vulgaris)

Stenorynchus seticornis

Sting ray

Strombus alatus

Strombus gigas

Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

Surf zone; dwellers in

Synalpheus brooksi

Syngnathus sp.

Talorchestia longicornis

Tectarius muricatus

Tellin, rose (Tellina lineata)

Temperature, and climatic change; and effects on sea life; influence of ocean currents on

Ten Thousand Islands

Terebra

Teredo navalis

Thais lapillus

Thalassia testudinum

Thallophytes

Thelochistes parietinus

Tidal zones of life

Tide-pool insect (Anurida maritima)

Tide pools

Tides and biological rhythm; effects on reproduction; neap; range on Atlantic coast; semi-diurnal rhythm of; spring

Toadfish

Tonna galea

Transverse ark (Anadara transversa)

Trepang

Trumpet worm (Cistenides gouldi)

Tube-building worms

Tubularia crocea

Tulip shell, banded (Fasciolaria hunteria)

Tunicate, golden-star (Botryllus schlosseri)

Turkey wing (Area zebra)

Turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum)

Turtles, green, hawksbill, loggerhead

Tylosura raphidoma

Tyrian purple

Uca pugilator and Uca pugnax

Umbilicaria sp.

Usnea barbata

Valonia macrophysa

Velella mutica

Vermetid snails (Petaloconchus and Vermicularia)

Violet snail (Janthina janthina)

Volsella modiolus

Whelk; channeled (Busycon canaliculatum); common (Buccinum undatum); dog (Thais lapillus); knobbed (Busycon carica)

“White water”

Whiting (Merluccius bilinearis)

Wood piddock (Martesia cuneiformis)

“Worm rock”

Wrack; bladder (Fucus vesiculosis); channeled (Pelvetia canaliculata); forked (Fucus edentatus); knotted (Ascophyllum nodosum); spiral (Fucus spiralis)

Zoanthus sociatus

Zones of life, tidal