The Greatest Minds and Ideas of All Time

Index

Abelard, Pierre, 19, 30, 72

Achilles, 15

Adams, Henry, 72, 80, 84, 88

Adonais (Shelley), 56, 59

Adventure of Science (Ginzburg), 69

Aeschylus, 41, 54, 57, 70, 83

Africa, 71, 97, 112, 115

agriculture, development of, 94-95, 115

Akbar, Emperor of India, 112, 117

Alcibiades, 110

Alexander the Great, 11, 24, 106

Alexandria, 16-17

Alhambra, 72, 112

America, see United States

Anaxagoras, 28

Ancient Times (Breasted), 106

Andromache, 37, 38-39

animals, conquest of, 94

Anselm of Canterbury, Saint, 19

Anthony, Susan B., 30

Antoninus Pius, Emperor of Rome, 111

Antony, Mark, 109

Aphrodite, 70

Archimedes, 70

Aristotle, 16-18, 19, 23, 25, 30, 70, 83, 101, 107

Asoka, King of India, 117

astronomy, 17, 20, 24

Athenian Assembly, 102

Augustine, Saint, 11, 107

Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 44, 111

Australia, 91, 115

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 75, 91, 107

Bacon, Francis, 18, 21-23, 25, 30, 57, 65, 75, 85, 101, 107, 114

Bacon, Roger, 18, 112-13

Bagdad, 71, 112

Balzac, Honoré de, 79, 87

Beard, Charles A., 88, 106

Beatrice Portinari, 48-51

Beethoven, Ludwig van, 75, 77, 107

Bell, Clive, 75-76

Beowulf, 32

Bergson, Henri, 80, 88

Berkeley, George, 27

Bible, 35, 69, 82, 114

Bismarck, Otto von, 107

Blake,William, 54

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 57

Bonaventure, Saint, 19

books, one hundred “best” for an education, 64-88

Borgia, Cesare, 73

Boswell, James, 76, 86

Botticelli, Sandro, 73

Boyle, Robert, 75

Brahms, Johannes, 77, 107

Brandes, Georg, 26, 78, 87, 111

Brawne, Fanny, 55-56

Breasted, James Henry, 69, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88

Brown, Brian, 69, 82

Brunelleschi, Filippo, 73

Bruno, Giordano, 22-23, 25, 29, 73

Brutus, Marcus Junius, 111

Buckle, Henry Thomas, 78, 87, 100

Buddha, 11, 13, 107, 109, 117

Burckhardt, Jacob, 73

Burke, Edmund, 76

Burns, Robert, 54

Bury, John Bagnell, 69, 82

Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 51, 54, 58, 78, 87, 107

Caesar, Julius, 5, 11, 24, 43, 106, 111

Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, 57, 114

Calvin, John, 109

Cambridge Platonists, 16

“Captain, My Captain” (Whitman), 60

Carlyle, Thomas, 5, 10, 76, 86

Cassandra, 37

Catholic Renaissance, 19

Catullus, 54

Cavour, Camillo Benso, Count, 107

Cellini, Benvenuto, 73, 84

Cervantes, Miguel de, 74, 85, 114

Cezanne, Paul, 107

Chanson de Roland, 32

Chapman, George, 52

Charlemagne, 11, 71

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 106

Chartres, Cathedral of, 107

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 54, 57, 72, 84

Cheops, 108

China, 12, 45, 48, 109-10, 112-13, 115, 117

Chopin, Frédéric, 77, 107

Christianity, 12, 18, 73-74, 112

Christian theology, 16

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 44

Clendening, Logan, 67, 82

Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, 109

Clodius, 92

Columbus, Christopher, 114-15

Condorcet, Marie Jean, Marquis de, 89

Confucius, 11-13, 17, 30, 69, 81, 107, 109-10

Constantine I, Emperor of Rome, 71

Constantinople, 17, 112

Conversations with Goethe (Eckermann), 78, 87

Copernicus, 20-21, 29, 30, 73, 107, 116-17

Cordova, 71, 112

Correggio, 107

Cromwell, Oliver, 11, 24

Curie, Marie, 107

Dante Alighieri, 11, 17, 19, 48-51, 57, 60, 72, 84, 107

Darius I, King of Persia, 106

Darwin, Charles, 1, 4, 29, 30, 87, 107

Davenant,William, 52

David, King of Israel, 34-35

David (“Psalmist”), 34-36, 107

David Copperfield (Dickens), 79

Declaration of Independence, 60

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,The (Gibbon), 71, 84

Democritus, 28-29, 44

De Rerum Natura (Lucretius), 42, 83

Descartes, René, 23, 25, 75

despotism, 26

Dialogues (Plato), 14, 16, 83

Dickens, Charles, 79, 87

Diogenes, 30

Diogenes Laertius, 70, 83

Disraeli, Benjamin, 107

Divine Comedy,The (Dante), 50-51, 84

Donatello, 91

Donati, Gemma dei, 49

Dostoievski, Feodor, 41, 79, 87

Dupreel, M., 15

Eckermann, Johann Peter, 78, 87

Edison, Thomas A., 1

education:

development of, 101-3

Platonic theory of, 15

reading and, 64-69

Egypt, 69, 108-9

Einstein, Albert, 93

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 74, 106-7

Ellis, Havelock, 80, 88

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 15-16, 61-62, 79-80, 88

Encyclopedie, 22, 76

England, 16, 56, 60, 74, 79, 96-97, 114-15

Enlightenment, 23-24, 26-27, 117

Epictetus, 18, 111

Epicureans, 18, 70

Epicurus, 18, 30, 44, 70

Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 74

eugenics, 15, 97-98

Euripides, 11, 36-42, 54, 70, 83, 107, 110

Europe, 1, 17, 26, 48, 71, 74, 77, 90, 96, 110, 112-13, 115, 117

evolution, 29, 98

Faguet, E., 85, 86, 87

Faure, Elie, 69-70, 72, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88

Faust (Goethe), 79, 87

feminism, 15, 30

Fielding, Henry, 76, 86

fire, use of, 93-94

Fitton, Mary, 52

Flanders, 75

Flaubert, Gustave, 79, 87

Florence, 48-51, 73

Folkways (Sumner), 68, 82

Forum (Roman), 92, 111

Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, 76

France, 6-7, 22, 24, 26, 48, 74-75, 97, 104, 114-15, 117

France, Anatole, 26, 79, 87, 93

Francesca da Rimini, 50

Francis of Assisi, Saint, 107

Franklin, Benjamin, 117

Frazer, James, 68, 82

Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia, 26, 106

French Revolution, 21, 114, 116-18

Froissart, Jean, 52

Gainsborough, Thomas, 76, 107

Galileo Galilei, 29-30, 75

Gandhi, Mohandas K., 107

Garrick, David, 76

geometry, 23

Germany, 54, 74, 115

Gibbon, Edward, 6, 71-72, 76, 84

Gilbert,William, 73

Giotto, 51, 107

Gladstone,William Ewart, 107

Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 75

God, 6-7, 20, 29, 32, 49, 57, 96

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 11, 41-42, 54, 78, 81, 87, 107

Golden Age, Rousseau on, 57

Golden Bough, The (Frazer), 68, 82

Golden Rule, 12

Goldsmith, Oliver, 76

gravitation, discovery of, 24

Gray, Cecil, 72-73, 84, 85, 86, 88

Greco, El, 75, 107

Greece, ancient, 14, 18, 32-33, 36-42, 60, 69-70

Gregorian chant, 72

Gutenberg, Johannes, 113-14

Hadrian, Emperor of Rome, 111

Hals, Franz, 75

Hamilton, Alexander, 107

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 53, 85

Hammurabi, King of Bablyon, 106

Handel, George Frideric, 75, 107

Harvey,William, 22, 75

Hatshepsut, Queen of Egypt, 107

Haydn, Franz Joseph, 75

Heaven, 21

Heine, Heinrich, 54, 78, 87

Helen, 33, 40, 70

Heloise, 72

Henry VIII, King of England, 74, 106

Herodotus, 69-70, 82

Hero of Alexandria, 115

Hippocrates, 70

Hiroshige, Ando, 107

history, twelve vital dates in, 105-18

History of English Literature (Taine), 72, 84, 85, 86, 87

History of Science (Dampier-Whetham), 69

History of Science (Williams), 69, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87

History of the American People (Bear and Bagley), 105-6

Hobbema, Meindert, 114

Hobbes, Thomas, 75, 85, 114

Ho Chi-chang, 44-45

Hoffding, H., 84, 85, 86, 87

Holinshed, Raphael, 52

Holland, 75, 114

Homer, 31-34, 60, 70, 83, 107

Horace, 54, 107, 111

Hugo,Victor, 54, 87, 107

Human Adventure,The (Breasted and Robinson), 69, 72, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88

Hume, David, 76, 86

Hunt, Leigh, 58

Ibsen, Henrik, 79, 87

Idylls of the King (Tennyson), 78

Ignatius of Loyola, Saint, 107

Iknaton, King of Egypt, 107, 108-9

Iliad (Homer), 32-33, 83

India, 13, 72, 109, 112, 115

Industrial Revolution, 76, 115-16

In Memoriam (Tennyson), 78

Introduction to the History of Civilization in England (Buckle), 78, 87

Isaiah, 13, 54, 107

Italy, 56, 60, 73, 115

Ivan IV (the Terrible), Czar of Russia, 74

James,William, 10, 67-68, 82

Jean Christophe (Rolland), 80, 88

Jefferson, Thomas, 107, 117

Jesus, 11-13, 35, 81, 97-98, 107, 109, 111-12

Jews, 13, 35-36, 72

Job, 35

Johnson, Samuel, 76

Jonson, Ben, 52

Julius II, Pope, 73

Kant, Immanuel, 23, 26-28, 30, 76, 107

Keats, John, 4, 54-56, 58-59, 78, 81, 87, 107

Kellogg, J. H., 82

King Lear (Shakespeare), 53, 85

Koran, 16

Korea, 44-45

Lao-tzu, 69, 107

La Rochefoucauld, François de, 74-75, 85

Lassalle, Ferdinand, 30

Last Supper (Leonardo), 22

Lear, Edward, 78

Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 60, 88

Legende Socratique, La (Dupreel), 15

Leibnitz, Gottfried, 23, 30, 75

Leonardo da Vinci, 11, 22, 65, 73, 81, 107

Leo X, Pope, 73

Lincoln, Abraham, 11, 88, 107

Li-po, 44-48, 107

Liszt, Franz, 77, 107

Little, John, 1-4

Liu Ling, 46-47

Locke, John, 24, 75

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 31

Lorrain, Claude, 75, 114-15

Louis XIV, King of France, 74, 106

Louis XVI, King of France, 26, 117

Lucretius, 11, 18, 42-44, 71, 83

Ludwig, Emil, 78, 87

Luther, Martin, 11, 73-74, 107

Luxor, 107

Macbeth (Shakespeare), 53, 85

Mach, Ernst, 28

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 73, 84

Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 79, 87 32

Mahabharata, 32

Maimonides, 25, 72

Maine, Henry, 56

Malory, Thomas, 78-79

Mammon, 57

Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 18, 30, 71, 83, 107, 111

Marlowe, Christopher, 52

marriage, morality in, 98-99

Mars, 43

Marx, Karl, 1, 6, 10, 30

Mary, Queen of Scots, 74

Mass in B Minor (Bach), 75

Mazarin, Jules, 74

mechanics, laws of, 23-24

Medici, Catherine de, 74

Medici Palace, 73

Mencius, 13, 69

Mendelssohn, Felix, 77

Menelaus, 40

Meredith, George, 95

Metaphysics (Aristotle), 17

Michelangelo, 57, 73, 107, 115

Middle Ages, 16, 48, 71-73, 90

Millet, Jean François, 107

Milo, 92

Milton, John, 54, 57, 75, 85, 107, 114

Ming Huang, Emperor of China, 44-45, 47

Miserables, Les (Hugo), 79, 87

modernity, Copernicus as origin of, 21

Modern Regime,The (Taine), 78

Mohammed, 13, 71, 112, 117

Molière, 75, 85

Mona Lisa (Leonardo), 22

Montaigne, Michel de, 52, 65, 74, 85, 114

Mont St. Michel and Chartres (Adams), 72, 84

Moore, George, 68, 72, 84

morality, 96-99

Morte d’Arthur (Malory), 78-79

Moses, 106

motion, laws of, 24

Moussorgsky, Modest, 77

Mozart,Wolfgang Amadeus, 75, 107

Murillo, Bartolomé Estéban, 114

Murray, Gilbert, 69, 83

Musset, Alfred de, 78

Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 5, 11, 76, 78, 111, 114, 118

natural selection, 29, 98

Neo-Platonists, 16

Netherlands, 75, 114

Newcomen, Thomas, 115

Newton, Isaac, 23-24, 30, 75, 89, 107

Niauching, 46

Nibelungenlied, 32

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 10, 19, 26, 28, 30, 50, 73, 78, 88, 89

Occam,William of, 18

Odyssey (Homer), 32, 83

Oedipus, 15

Olympus, 41

Omar Khayyam, 16, 48, 54, 68, 72, 84

On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs (Copernicus), 20, 116

Organon (Aristotle), 17

Othello (Shakespeare), 53, 85

Othello (Tate), 51

Outline of History,The (Wells), 66, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88

Outline of Science,The (Thomson), 66, 82

Ovid, 54

Paderewski, Ignace Jan, 107

Paganini, Niccolò, 107

Palestrina, Giovanni Perluigi da, 73, 107

Paolo (Malatesta), 50

Paradise, 21, 50

Paris, 48, 104

Parthenon, 36, 70, 110

Pascal, Blaise, 75

Passion According to St. Matthew (Bach), 75

Pax Romana, 111

Pearson, Karl, 28

Peer Gynt (Ibsen), 79, 87

Peloponnesian War, 37, 110

Penelope, 70

Penguin Island (France), 79, 87

Pericles, 11, 70, 75, 106, 110

Perseus (Cellini), 73

Persia, 48

Peter I (the Great), Czar of Russia, 106

Petrarch, 54, 57

Pheidias, 70, 107, 110

Philemon, 41

Philip II, King of Spain, 74

Pickwick Papers,The (Dickens), 79, 87

Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 5, 16, 73

Plato, 13-16, 21, 25, 30, 65, 70, 73, 81, 83, 91, 101, 107, 110

Pliny the Elder, 111

Plutarch, 52, 68, 70-71, 83

Poe, Edgar Allan, 54, 68, 80, 88, 107

poets, ten “greatest,” 31-63

Poincaré, Jules Henri, 28

Pompadour, Madame de, 2

Pope, Alexander, 51

Porta, Giacomo della, 115

Portinari, Beatrice, 48-51

Portraits of the 18th Century (Sainte Beuve), 76, 86

Poseidon, 37

Poussin, Nicolas, 75, 114

Praxiteles, 70, 107

Principia (Newton), 24

Principles of Psychology (James), 67-68, 82

printing press, development of, 104, 113-14

“progress,” definition of, 90-92

Prometheus, 57, 70, 99

Psalms, 34-36

psychology, 15, 24, 101

“pure reason,” Kant’s critique of, 27-28

Purgatory, 50

Puritans, 52, 74

Pushkin, Aleksandr, 107

Pyramids, 107

Quarterly Review, 56

Quartet in D Major (Mozart), 75

Rabelais, François, 68, 72, 74, 81, 85, 114

Ramayana, 32

Ramus, Petrus, 18, 25

Raphael, 57, 73, 107

rationalism, 28

reason, human, 8-9

Reformation, 73-74, 114-15

Rembrandt, 75, 107, 114

Renaissance, 16-17, 21, 73-75, 114-15

Renaissance in Italy,The (Burckhardt), 73

Republic (Plato), 14-16, 83

Reynolds, Joshua, 76, 107

Richelieu, Cardinal, 74

Rights of Man,The (Paine), 60

Robinson, James Harvey, 6, 72, 76, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 106

Rodin,Auguste, 76

Rolland, Romain, 80, 88

Rome, ancient, 17-18, 42, 60, 69-71, 73, 110-11

Romney, George, 76

Romulus, 15

Rossini, Gioacchino, 77

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 26, 57, 86, 117

Royal Society of Great Britain, 22

Rubaiyat (Omar Khayyam), 48, 84

Rubens, Peter Paul, 75, 107, 114

Russia, 31, 77, 79, 116

Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin, 76, 86

Salambo (Flaubert), 79, 87

Sand, George, 77

Santayana, George, 25

Sappho, 54

Saul, King of Israel, 34

Savery, Thomas, 115

Schopenhauer,Arthur, 28, 30, 78, 87, 107

Schubert, Franz, 77

Schumann, Robert, 77

science, progress in, 100-101

Scotland, 97

secularism, origin of, 21

Seneca, 18

Sesshiu, 107

Severn, Joseph, 56

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of, 51

Shakespeare,William, 11, 14, 25, 41, 51-54, 55, 57, 60, 81, 85, 107, 114-15

Shelley, Mary, 58-59

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 56-59, 78, 87, 91, 107

Shotwell, James Thomson, 42

skepticism, Kantian philosophy as alternative to, 28

Sketch of a Tableau of the Progress of the Human Spirit (Condorcet), 89

Smith, Adam, 76, 86

Smith, P., 85

socialism, 15, 30, 116

social organization, progress in, 95-96

Socrates, 12, 15, 37, 70, 91, 107, 110, 111

Solon, 106

Sonnets (Shakespeare), 53

Sophocles, 41, 54, 58, 70, 83, 110

Spain, 71, 74-75, 112, 114

speech, development of, 93

Spencer, Herbert, 10, 30

Spengler, Oswald, 74, 80, 88, 104

Spenser, Edmund, 57

Spinoza, Baruch, 19, 23, 25, 30, 75, 86, 107, 114

steam engine, 115-16

Sterne, Laurence, 76, 86

Stoicism, Stoics, 12, 18

Story of Civilization,The (Durant), 1, 105

Stravinsky, Igor, 107

Summae (Thomas Aquinas), 17, 19

Sumner,William Graham, 68, 82

Swift, Jonathan, 76, 86

Symonds, John Addington, 73, 84

Tacitus, 111

Tagore, Rabindranath, 5-6, 107

Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe, 6, 72, 76, 78, 84, 85, 86, 87, 111

Taj Mahal, 72, 107, 112

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de, 76

Talthybius, 37, 39-40

Tamerlane, 24

T’ang Dynasty, 110, 117

Tarde, Jean-Gabriel de, 10

Tasso, Torquato, 54

Tate, Nahum, 51

Temple at Jerusalem, 35

Temple prison, 26, 117

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 54, 78, 87

Thackeray,William Makepeace, 79, 87

Theater of Dionysius, 36

theology, 15, 16, 19

“thinker,” definition of, 11

thinkers, ten “greatest,” 8-30

Thirty Years’War, 74

Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 18-20, 30, 72

Thomson, J. A., 66, 82

Thoreau, Henry David, 79, 88

Thucydides, 57, 70, 83

Thutmose III, King of Egypt, 108

Timon of Athens (Shakespeare), 53, 85

Titian, 107

Tolstoi, Leo, 41, 54, 79, 87

tools, influence of, 99-100

Torquemada, Tomás de, 109

Trelawny, Edward John, 57-59

Trojan War, 33, 37

Troy, 32, 39

Tschaikowsky, Peter, 77-78, 107

Tse-Kung, 13

Tu Fu, 46

Turgenev, Ivan, 41, 79, 87

Turkey, 112

Turks, 71-72

Turner, Joseph Mallord William, 77, 107

Tuscany, 58

United States, 36, 60-62, 79, 91, 96, 105-6, 115, 117

Utopia, 21

Van Dyke, Anthony, 75, 107, 114

Vanini, Lucilio, 73

Vanity Fair (

Thackeray), 79, 87

Vasari, Giorgio, 73, 84

Vatican, 73

Vega, Lope de, 51, 74

Velázquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva, 75, 91, 107, 114

Venus, 43

Verdi, Giuseppe, 77, 107

Verlaine, Paul, 54, 78

Vermeer, Jan, 114

Vesalius, Andreas, 73

Villon, François, 48, 54

Virgil, 44, 50-51, 54, 60, 71, 83, 107, 111

Voltaire, 24-27, 30, 51, 74, 76, 86, 107, 117

Wagner, Richard, 77, 107

War and Peace (Tolstoi), 79, 87

Washington, George, 107, 117

Waterloo, 104, 111

Watt, James, 115-16

Watteau, Antoine, 76

Wells, H. G., 5, 68-69, 73, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88

Westminster Abbey, 64-65

Whistler, James Abbott McNeill, 77, 107

Whitman,Walt, 4, 31, 59-63, 79, 88, 107

Williams, H. S., 69-70, 72, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 30, 76, 86

World War I, 80, 116

writing, 103-4

Zeno of Citium, 18, 30, 70