The GULag Archipelago Volume 1: An Experiment in Literary Investigation

Index

Page numbers in boldface refer to the Glossary.

Abakumov, Viktor S., \\2n, 126, 145, 154, 157, 158-159, 297, 298, 520-21, 553, 554n, 621

Abrikosova, A. I., 37

Adamova (Adamova-Sliozberg) see Sliozberg Against Capital Punishment, 301

Agranov, Yakov S., 95n, 621 agriculture, 32, 33, 55-59 passim, 64,

67, 80, 420 subversion of, in Criminal Code,

64-65, 67 see also collectives; famine; Kady

case; kulaks; peasants Aikhenvald, Yuli I., 372, 621

Akhmatova (Gorenko), Anna A., 95n, 621

Alalykin, 445

Aldanov (Landau), Mark A., 220, 621

Aldan-Semyonov, Andrei I., 540n, 621

Aleksandrov, A. I., 126, 621

Aleksandrov, Vasily, 250n

Aleksei Mikhailovich, Tsar, 93, 242, 432

Alexander I, Tsar, 433

Alexander II, Tsar, 144-45 assassination attempts on, 132,

144, 287 Alexander III, Tsar, 134

Alliluyev family, 100, 621, 642

All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), 307, 313, 321, 344, 352, 354, 365, 366-67, 436, 437, 438, 641

All-Russian Executive Committee of Railroad Workers Union (Vikzhel), 28, 641

“All-Union Bureau of the Mensheviks”: trial, 49, 399-407

Altai region, legend about, 270

Altshuller, 442

Amfiteatrov, Aleksandr V., 220, 621

amnesty: (1905), 190-91 (1912), 272 (1919), 358-59, 360 (1920s), 39 (1927), 271 (1937; expected but not received), 68

during World War II, 81 (1945), 78, 190n, 191n, 251, 273n, 27 Sn; rumors of, for political prisoners, 271, 272, 273, 274, 280, 608

Anarchists, 30, 36, 41, 191, 409, 460, 463, 474

Anders, Wladyslaw, 77, 621

Andersen, Erik Arvid, 521-22, 551-54

Andreyashin, 163

Andreyev, Leonid N., 44, 621

Andreyushkin, Pakhomi L, 134n, 621

Anichkov, Vasily L, 443

Anichkova, Yelizaveta Y., 443

Anti-Soviet Agitation (ASA: also KR A /Counter-Revolutionary Activity), 60, 75, 80-81, 83, 284

Antonov-Saratovsky, Vladimir P., 373w, 376, 399, 621-22

Ardamatsky, 367w, 370w

Arkadyev, Konstantin S., 452-53 army see military forces arrests, 3-16

in foreign countries, 9, 263-64, 266 quotas for, 11, 71, 272 searches, 5-6, 7

see also denunciation; informers; interrogations arrests, mass, 11-12, 14, 24-28, 37-60 (1918-22), 28-37, 39, 300, 302-03, 306-67 passim, 371-72, 434-35 (1929-35), 24, 25, 47-59, 437 (1936-38), 24, 25, 60, 68-76, 130, 247, 252n, 408-19, 438, 535-36, 579 (1939-41), 76-80 (1942-46), 24-25, 60, 61, 63, 77-86, 110, 142, 164, 221n, 237-51 passim, 255-56, 259-66 passim, 270-71, 441, 507, 566, 579, 602 (1947-48), 25, 86, 89-90 (1948-50), 60, 90-92, 250, 264, 566 see also nationalities and ethnic groups; religious persecution; individual groups ASA see Anti-Soviet Agitation

Aschenbrenner, Jupp, Win Austria: World War II, Soviet émigrés,

85, 566 Austrians (in U.S.S.R.;

Schutzbundlers), 58, 608, 640 Averbakh, I. L., xii, 622

Babayev, 29 In

Babich, Aleksandr, 146, 445

Babushkin, Ivan V., 6n, 622

Bakhtin, Mikhail M., 51, 622

Bakunin, Mikhail A., 132, 623

Baladin, 154

Bandera, Stepan (and “Banderovtsy”), 86, 91, 519, 622

Basmachi, 38, 637

Bazhenov, Boris, 370n

Bedny, Demyan, 488, 622

Bek, 346, 347, 348, 349

Belinsky, Vissarion G., 197, 622

Belov, Viktor A. (“Emperor Mikhail”), 228-34, 607-08

Belyayev, 557

Benes, Eduard, 260w

Benois, Aleksandr N., 262, 622

Berbenyev, 163

Berdyayev, Nikolai A., 37, 130, 262, 372, 622 Berg, 364-65

Beria, Lavrenti P., 76, 145, 157, 158, 159, 189, 291, 622

Beridze, 311

Berlin: blockade, 260w, 553

World War II, 235

Bernshtein, Ans, 10, 545, 588-89

Biche, 425

Biron (Biren; Count Ernst Johann Buhren), 93-94, 622

Black Hundreds, 312, 339, 637

Black Marias see prisoner transport, Black Marias

Blaginin, 115-16

blatnye/blatari see thieves

Blednov, Zhora, 9

Blok, Aleksandr A., 188, 622

Blucher, Vasily K., 230, 622

Blyumkin, Yakov G., 370n, 622

Bobrishchev-Pushkin, 350

Bogdan, Fyodor, 281

Boiko, 43

Boky, Gleb I., 281, 622

Bolsheviks, 34, 49w, 129, 130, 355, 359, 361, 402, 409, 410n, 434, 641

Bonch-Bruyevich, Vladimir D., 323, 622

Bondar, 116w

Bondarenko, Pavel, 244

Bondarin, Sergei A., 210, 622

Borodko, 138-39

Borshch, 265-66

Borushko, Pavel, Ivan, and Stepan, 74

Brest-Litovsk, peace treaty of, 343, 356

Bubnov, 604

Buchenwald, 238

Budenny, Semyon M., 51, 622

Bugayenko, Natalya I., 59

Bukharin, Nikolai I., 101/i, 132n, 190, 299, 358, 405, 410-19 passim, 430, 622-23

Bulgakov, Sergei N., 262, 372, 623

Bulgakov, Valentin F., 372

Bulgaria: Greek rebels turned over to U.S.S.R., 92

World War II, Soviet émigrés, 85

Bunin, Ivan A., 220, 263, 623

Bunyachenko, Sergei K., 258/i, 623

Burkovsky, Boris, 8

Burnatsev, Mikhail, 244 Buryat-Mongols, 51

Butyrki (prison; Moscow), 26, 31, 125, 275, 277, 468, 489, 500, 605-07, 637

Solzhenitsyn in, 237, 239, 241-42, 248, 252, 260, 265, 267-68, 269, 271-80, 395, 594-615

Cadets see Constitutional Democratic Party

camps, 551, 559, 563-64, 576-77, 583, 589-90

ITL (Corrective Labor Camp), 248 number of prisoners, estimate, 595

OLP (Otdelny Lagerny Punkt; Separate Camp Site), 51

In Oper (Security officers), 551, 574, 618

PFL (Identification and Screening Camp), 248-49

Special Camps, 554-55, 566

VOKhR (Militarized Guard Service), 157, 249

see also transit prisons and camps; Tsarist regime, prisons and camps cannibalism (during famine), 183, 342, 343

Catherine II (Catherine the Great), Empress, 94, 247, 254/1, 281, 433, 500

cells see prisons, cells

Chaliapin, Fyodor I., 262

Charnovsky, N. F., 377, 381-82, 387, 389-90, 391, 623

Chavchavadze, Olga, 68

Chavdarov, 283, 294

Chayanov, Aleksandr V., 50

Chebotaryev, S. A., 108-09, 114, 115, 469

Chechens, 25, 84, 637

Cheka (VChK; Extraordinary Commission for Struggle Against Counterrevolution, Sabotage, and Speculation), 28, 30, 34, 36, 72, 300, 336, 617, 637

extrajudicial reprisal, 28, 300, 302, 307, 322, 326, 367, 435, 436

see also Kosyrev, F. M., trial; Revolutionary Tribunals

Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich, 46, 112, 121, 451, 581

Chekhovsky, Vladimir M., 51, 623

Chernov, Viktor M., 361, 623

Chetverukhin, 5

children and adolescents, 37-38, 87 arrests, 55, 58, 89, 90, 91, 410, 547 see also family and relatives (of prisoner); Komsomol; schools and universities

China, 251-52, 264

China (People’s Republic), 260rc, 266n, 383

Chinese (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 247

Chinese Eastern Railroad (KVZhD), 72, 156, 217, 637

Chinguli, 454-55

ChS see family and relatives (of prisoner)

Chubar, Vlas Y., 412, 623

Chulpenyev, Pavel, 110, 115, 292-93

Churchill, Sir Winston, 259-60, 553

church trials see Orthodox Church, arrests and trials

civil war (Greece), 91, 92

Civil War (Spain), 86, 263

Civil War (U.S.S.R.), 29, 32-33, 39, 262, 265, 269, 300, 302-03, 326, 334, 355, 356, 360, 361, 402, 434-36, 456; see also arrests, mass (1918-22);

Socialist Revolutionary Party Code see Code of Criminal Procedure; Criminal Code Code of Criminal Procedure (UPK), 122, 139, 140, 637

Article 93, 91n

Article 111, 123 Article 136, 65, 122

Article 139, 123

Form 206, signing of, 70, 141, 142-43

collectives, 10, 56, 57, 58, 59, 67, 75, 87-88, 639

Comintern, 72, 247, 345, 637

Committees of the Poor, 29, 55, 303, 637

Communist Party: arrests of members, 8, 68, 69, 70, 73, 78, 395, 408-19, 472, 476, 477

Constituent Assembly, 26, 30, 314, 343, 344, 356, 359, 361, 364, 474, 637

Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets), 26, 357, 358, 475, 637

arrests, 26, 30, 31

cooperatives, 28

Central Union of Consumer Cooperatives, 401 see also Kady case, trial; Working Peasants Party

Cossacks, 39, 262

World War II, 259-60; with Wehrmacht units, 85, 246, 254n, 259, 262«, 263, 627

Council of People’s Commissars, 356, 638

Council of Public Figures, 401

Counter-Revolutionaries see KR/KR’s

courts see laws and judiciary

Crimean Tatars, 25, 84, 253n, 638

Crimean War, 272 Criminal Code (UK), 32, 60, 122, 282-83, 290, 342, 354, 355, 363-64, 372, 436, 637

Article 6, 60-61

Article 7, Section 35, 86, 290

Article 19, 61-62, 65, 80

Article 51, 297

Article 58, 60-68, 95, 354, 372, 436, 475, 504, 560; Section 1, 60-61, 77, 79, 80, 81, 243, 266; Section 2, 62, 266; Section 3, 62; Section 4, 62-63, 266; Section 5, 63; Section 6, 63-64, 86, 221n, 247; Section 7, 64-65; Section 8, 65; Section 9, 65; Section 10, 38, 60, 65-66, 80-81, 251; Section 11, 66-67, 505; Section 12, 67; Section 13, 67, 266; Section 14, 67

Article 59, Section 3, 438

Article 69, 352

Article 71, 371

Article 82, 505

Article 92, 106

Article 95, 106

Article 109, 560

Article 162, 505

Lenin’s work on, 352-53, 354, 371

lettered articles, 64, 284 see also sentences

Czechoslovakia: World War II: Soviet émigrés, 85, 264, 566; Vlasov men aided rebels, 235, 258-59

Czechs (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 77, 81

D., Alexander (Alexander M. Dolgun), 9, 126-27, 181/1, 182/1, 596, 623

Dal (Dahl), Vladimir I., 97, 287, 623

Dallin, David J., 595/1

Dan (Gurvich), Fyodor I., 402, 623

Danilov, 127

Dashnaks, 38, 638

Daskal, Nikolai S., 294

Decembrists, 131-32, 238, 272, 433, 638

Russkaya Pravda, 132, 640

decrees see laws and judiciary, decrees

Deich, 174

“Democratic Party,” 611

Denikin, Anton I., 263, 326, 330, 359, 402, 436, 623

denunciations, 12, 40, 53, 78, 97, 477

and Criminal Code, 67, 89, 91

informers, 40, 46, 59, 97

Derevyanko, 537

Derzhavin, Gavriil R., 295, 623

Deterding, Sir Henry, 47

Deul, 604

Diaghilev, Sergei P., 262

Dimitrov, Georgi M., 277/1, 408, 623

disenfranchisement (“muzzle”), 245, 248, 291

Divnich, Yevgeny I., 145/1, 602

Dmitriyev, 557

Dmitriyev, Dmitri M., 404

Dobryak, I., 286

“doctors’ case,” 92, 157, 158, 638

Donets Basin, development of, 374, 378

Donskoi, D. D., 362, 623

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor M., 214, 262-63

Crime and Punishment, 120-21

Diary of a Writer, 287-88

Doyarenko, Aleksei G., 50, 623

Doyarenko, Yevgeniya, 13-14, 34, 96

Dyakov, Boris A., 540n, 623

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks E., 97, 130, 314,

318, 320, 321, 324, 336, 370/1, 371, 372, 623 arrest, 409-10, 467, 471

Dzhunkovsky, V. F., 67/i

economy and economic planning, 44-46

Five-Year Plans, 58, 381, 390, 397 “gold” wave, 52-54, 98

“Mikoyan prosperity,” 423

New Economic Policy (NEP), 30, 41, 52, 337, 340, 391, 392, 639

State Planning Commission (Gosplan), 44, 63, 272, 392, 401 subversion of, and Criminal Code, 64-65 Supreme Council of the Economy (VSNKh), 43-44, 63, 392, 401, 641 see also engineers and technicians; Promparty, trial; trade unions Edzhubova, Magdalena, 46

Ehrenburg, Ilya G., 137, 370n, 624

Eichmans, 463, 464

Elizabeth (Yelizaveta Petrovna), Empress, 432-33, 440

émigrés, 192, 262-63, 268-69, 360, 371-72 arrests: in foreign countries, by Soviet agents, 9, 263-64, 266; World War II and after, 63, 84-85, 238, 262-66 passim, 566, 602

and Criminal Code, 63

Foreign Delegation of the Mensheviks, 405, 406

Promparty, trial, 384, 385, 394

Spanish Civil War, 263

World War II: with Resistance, 263; with Wehrmacht units, 254n, 257 n; see also arrests above engineers and technicians, 43-44, 197, 390, 391, 392

arrests and trials, 31, 44-49 passim, 73, 197-98, 227, 372 see also Glavtop (Main Fuels Committee), trial; intelligentsia; Promparty, trial; Shakhty case, trial

Epstein, Julius, 85n

Esperantists, persecution of, 59 espionage, 608-09

and Criminal Code, 63-64, 247 mass arrests, 72, 90, 247, 371-72

PSh (Suspicion of Espionage), 64, 284

SVPSh (Contacts Leading to Suspicion of Espionage), 64, 284

World War II, German recruitment of Soviet prisoners of war, 220, 221-22, 246-47, 247-48, 260, 261

Estonia/Estonians, 213-14, 384 arrests and trials, 25, 62, 77, 78, 91, 289-90 World War II, with Wehrmacht units, 253n, 262n

ethnic groups see nationalities and ethnic groups

Etinger, Y. G., 157-58, 624

Faitelevich, 441

family and relatives (of prisoner [ChS]), 6, 12, 58, 106, 226, 284, 460, 480, 549-50, 567-68 arrests, 8, 39, 40, 72, 73, 77, 91 correspondence, 6, 460, 480, 481, 514-15, 549-50 exile, 33, 85, 264

food parcels, 6, 114, 195-96, 214, 280, 452, 469, 479, 546, 606

famine (1920s), 334, 342, 343, 344 and Orthodox Church, 343-47 passim, 351

State Commission for Famine Relief (Pomgol), 34, 344, 345, 346, 347, 351, 638

famine (1930s), 55, 198

Famine Organizers, trial, 47-48

farming see agriculture

Fastenko, Anatoly I., 190-96, 201, 202, 205, 206, 216, 223, 226, 227, 229, 233

Fedotov, A. A., 375, 377, 380, 381, 382, 389, 391, 393, 394, 397, 624

Feldman, 441

Figner, Vera N., 457, 458, 624

Filonenko, Maksimilian M., 357, 624

Finnish War, 77, 243

Firguf, 325n

The First Circle, 157, 590

Five-Year Plans see economy and economic planning, Five-Year Plans

Florya, Father Fyodor, 576

“Four-sixths” law, 58, 88-89 France, Anatole, 267 France, 192, 272, 383-84

Soviet émigrés, 43, 263 World War II, Resistance, 257n, 263

Frank, Semyon L., 372, 624 Free Philosophic Society, 59

“Fundamental Principles of Criminal Prosecution of the U.S.S.R.,” 291

Fyodor Ivanovich, 232, 624

Fyodorov, 153

Fyodorov, 329-30

Gaaz, Fyodor P. (Friedrich Joseph Haas), 208n, 624 Gamarnik, Yan B., 411, 624

Gammerov, Boris, 235-36, 611-12, 613, 614

Gandal, Berta, 98

Garin, N. (Nikolai G. Mikhailovsky), 46, 624

Gartman, 41

Gavrilov, 545

Gendelman-Grabovsky, Mikhail Y., 359, 365

Geraska, 441, 453

Germans (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 78 Germany, 36n, 59, 174

Gestapo compared to MGB, 145/i

Jews, persecution of, 55, 174

World War I, 219/t, 242, 343, 356-57

Germany (cont’d) World War II, 80, 81-82, 263, 518; German prisoners of war, 84, 584, 602; prisoner of war camps, 218-19, 239, 243, 245-46, 248, 256; Soviet émigrés, 85, 566; Soviet prisoners of war as police (Polizei), 142, 218, 245, 246, 640; Soviet prisoners of war as spies, 220, 221-22, 246-47, 247-48, 260, 261; Soviet prisoners of war as work force, 238, 245, 246, 258; Soviet prisoners of war with partisans, 244-45, 261; war criminals, 84, 175, 176-77; see also World War II, anti-Soviet fighting forces with Wehrmacht Gernet, Mikhail N., 301n, 466/1, 624 Gil-Blazhevich (Rodionov), V. V., 254/z, 257/z

Ginzburg, Abram M., 403-04

Ginzburg, Yevgeniya S.: Journey into the Whirlwind, xii, 99/i, 480, 481, 482, 567, 624

Gippius, Zinaida N., 263, 624

Glavtop (Main Fuels Committee): trial, 97, 334-35, 388

Godelyuk, 316-17, 318

Goldman, 107, 170, 171 “gold” wave, 52-54, 98

Golikov, Filipp I., 240/z, 624

Golitsyn, Vsevolod P., 445 Golyakov, Ivan T., 172, 624

Gorky, Maxim (Aleksei M. Peshkov), xii, 194, 223, 241, 512n, 560, 624

and Korolenko, 34, 36/i

and Lenin, 31-32, 328

Gorokhovets: army camps, 110, 163

Gosplan see State Planning Commission

Gots, Abram R., 361, 624

Gotye (Gautier), Yuri V., 51

Govorov, Leonid A., 252n, 624

GPU (State Political Administration), 36, 37, 68, 336, 638

Grabishchenko, Nikolai, 146, 154

Grachev, Misha, 580

Granat Encyclopedia, 204, 410/z

Granovsky, Bishop Antonin, 345

Great Britain, 272, 287, 288, 384

World War II, 242; British prisoners of war, 219, 243; repatriation of Soviets, 85, 249, 259-60; Yalta Conference, 185, 259

Greece: civil war, 91, 92

Greeks (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 91-92

Griboyedov, Aleksandr S., 132, 624

Gngorenko, Pyotr G., 240/z, 624

Grigoryev, Iosif F., 14, 625

Grin, 311, 313

Grin (Grinovsky), Aleksandr S., 533, 625

Grinevitsky, Ignati I., 132, 625

Groman, Vladimir G., 49, 401, 407, 625

Gromyko, Andrei A., 552-53, 625

Gubaidulin, 427w Gugel, 313

Guiding Principles of the Criminal Law of the R.S.F.S.R., 301

Gul (Goul), Roman F., 156/z, 625

Gumilyev, Nikolai S., 95, 515, 625

Gurovich, S. Y., 350, 351

Gvozdev, Kuzma A., 401/1

Haas, Friedrich-Joseph see Gaaz,

Fyodor P. Hammurabi, Code of, 65

Hauke, Maximilian, 36/i

Haw Haw, Lord (William Joyce), 242

Herzen, Aleksandr I., 287, 625

Hitler, Adolf, 55, 59, 258, 399

“Hiwi,” 246, 638

Hungarians: arrests, 86

Hungary: uprising, 260/z

Ignatovsky, 289, 441

Ikov, V. K., 400-01

Ilin, 149/z

Ilin, Fyodor F. see Raskolnikov (Ilin)

Ilin, Ivan A., 372, 625

Ilin, Mikhail A. see Osorgin (Ilin)

Ilin, Viktor N., 149/z, 155

Industrial Party see Promparty

informers, 40, 46, 59, 97; see also denunciations

Ingal, Georgi, 613, 614

Ingush, 84, 638

Inoshin, 5

intelligentsia: arrests and persecution, 28, 31, 41-42, 72-73, 371-72, 399: “Tactical Center” case, trial, 327-33, 401

Lenin on, 32, 328 see also engineers and technicians;

literature; schools and universities;

scientists International Red Cross, 219

interrogations, 65, 67, 93-143, 144, 504, 619

Form 206, 70, 141, 142-43

physical methods, 53, 54, 93, 98-99, 100, 102, 103, 108-17, 126-27, 127-28

interrogations (confd) psychological methods, 97-98, 99, 103-08, 448

Tsarist regime, 132, 409 see also Code of Criminal Procedure;

prisons Ion, Father Superior, 325

Iosse, Konkordiya N., 40, 154

Irakly, Father, 14-15

Irkutsk: prison, 534, 535, 542

Italy: World War II, Resistance, 257 n

ITL (Corrective Labor Camp), 248

Ivan Kalita, 339, 625

Ivanov, 243

Ivanov, V. I., 505/1

Ivanova, 361

Ivanovo: prisons, 445, 450-51, 452, 489, 534-35

Ivanov-Razumnik (Razumnik V. Ivanov), 99/i, 111, 125, 150/1, 395, 625

Ivkov, 117

Izgoyev (Lande), Aleksandr S., 372, 625

Izmailov, Nikolai V., 51, 625

Izvestiya, 36/i, 133, 290n, 291/1, 297/1,

375/1, 400, 413

Japan: World War II, 84, 259n

Japanese War, 272

Jews, persecution of: Germany, 55, 174

Soviet: Black Hundreds, 312, 339, 627; “doctors’ case,” 92, 157, 158, 638; Hehalutz, 38, 638

judiciary see laws and judiciary

Kadenko group, 83

Kady case: trial, 419-31, 449, 450;

see also Vlasov, Vasily G.

Kagan, Viktor, 601

Kaganovich, Lazar M., 45, 414-15, 416, 417, 625

Kalganov, Aleksandr, 71 Kalina, Ira, 562

Kalinin, Mikhail I., 344, 345, 449, 455, 472/1, 586, 625

Kalinnikov, Ivan A., 379, 389, 398

Kalmyks, 25, 84, 638

Kalyagin, 292

Kamenev (Rosenfeld), Lev B., 130, 358, 397, 409-13 passim, 467, 625

Kaminsky (and “Kaminsky brigade”), 257/1, 258/1

Kanatchikov, 345

Kaplan, Fanya (Dora), 328, 362, 625

Karakozov, Dmitri V., 287, 625

Karasik, 425, 428

Karbe, Yuri, 539

Karetnikov, Aleksandr G., 294-95, 296

Karger, N. K., 6

Karklin, 354, 435

Karpov, Fyodor F., 248, 601

Karpunich-Braven, 10, 116, 126

Karsavin, Lev P., 372, 625

Kasso, Lev A., 310, 626

Kasyanov, Vasily A., 98

Katanyan, Ruben P., 465, 626

Katyn, 77

Kaverznev (Kolbe), 79/i

Kazakov, Ignati N., 5/i, 626

Kazan: prison, 480, 481, 482

Kerch: World War II, 81, 239, 241

Kerensky, Aleksandr F., 434, 626

KGB (State Security Committee), 638

Khalkhin-Gol, 80, 110, 638

Kharkov: Political Red Cross, 41

World War II, 81, 239

Khasan, 80, 639

Khodkevich, Tanya, 37

Kholik, 294

Khomenko, V. N., 453-54

Khrennikov, 375, 396, 409

Khrushchev, Nikita S., 159, 230-31

reforms, 158/1, 296-97, 407-08, 555

and Solzhenitsyn, 234/1

Khrushcheva, L. N., 332

Khrustalev-Nosar, Georgi S., 435, 626

Kineshma: prison, 450, 489

Kirov (Kostrikov), Sergei M., 58, 412, 437, 626

Kirov (form. Vyatka): prison, 462, 537

Kirpotenko, 393

Kishkin, Nikolai M., 34, 330, 626

Kiula, Konstantin, 603

Kizevetter (Kiesewetter), Aleksandr A., 372, 626

Klegel, 8

Klempner, Volodya, 602

Klyuchevsky, Vasily O., 326, 626

Klyugin, 425, 426-27, 450

Klyuyev, Nikolai A., 98, 626

Knyazh-Pogost: camp, 539-40, 573, 584-85

Kocherovsky, 41

Koestler, Arthur, 409, 412

Kogan, Lazar, 42

Kokhanskaya, 156

Kolchak, Aleksandr V., 123, 314, 326, 359, 360, 626, 649

Koloskov, 469

Kolpakov, Yakov P., 452

Koltsov, Nikolai K., 331, 626

Kolupayev, 557

Komsomol (Young Communist League), 42, 48, 612, 639

Kondratyev, Nikolai D., 50, 331, 626

Konopleva, 362

Kopeikin, 478

Korea, 260/1

Koreans (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 72, 247

Korneyev, I., 154, 479, 480-81, 507

Korneyeva, Vera A., 107-08, 170-72, 279, 494, 527

Kornilov, Lavr G., 402, 467, 626

Korolenko, Vladimir G., 31, 281, 434, 523, 626

letters to Gorky, 34, 36/i

Letters to Lunacharsky, 343

Korzukhin, 153

Kosaryeva, Lena, 90

Kosior, Stanislav V., 412, 626

Kosyrev, F. M.: trial, 95, 314-22, 370/1

Kotik, Liza, 476

Kotlas: prison, 538-39, 546, 557, 584

Kotlyarevsky, 330 Kotov, 140, 141

Kotovich group, 73

Koverchenko, Ivan, 517-21

Kovno Fortress, 96

Kovsharov, 352

Kozlov, 461

Kozyrev, Nikolai A., 480, 481, 482, 484, 627

KPZ (Cell for Preliminary Detention), 9, 124-25, 180

KR/KR’s (Counter-Revolutionaries), 41, 227, 468, 475-76, 500

KRD (Counter-Revolutionary Activity), 139#i, 284

KRM (Counter-Revolutionary Thought), 284

KRTD (Counter-Revolutionary Trotskyite Activity), 284 see also Anti-Soviet Agitation

Kramarenko, Georgi, 185, 196, 206, 208, 216-17, 232-33

Krasikov, Pyotr A., 350, 351, 458/1, 627

Krasnaya Presnya (prison; Moscow), 489, 537/1, 542, 545, 558-59, 560, 568, 607

Solzhenitsyn in, 537-38, 546-49, 551-54, 557-58, 563-64

Krasnitsky, 351

Krasnov, Pyotr N. (and Krasnov Cossacks), 85, 246, 254/1, 259, 262/1, 263, 627

Krasnov (Levitin), Anatoly E., 346/1, 627

Kravtsov, Vasya, 580

Krestinsky, Nikolai N., 408, 627

Kresty (prison; Leningrad), 26, 83, 179, 183/1, 437, 443-44, 448

Kretov, 603

Kronstadt Fortress, 30, 33-34

Kruglov, Sergei N., 589, 627

Krutikova, Mariya, 476

Kruzhkov, Nikolai F., 153, 155, 447

Krylenko, Nikolai V., xii, 306, 309, 311,349,434-35,627 arrest, 318, 324, 375/1, 395, 412 prosecutions by, 306-10; “All-Union Bureau of the Mensheviks” case, 49, 399-407; “churchmen” case, 322-27; Glavtop (Main Fuels Committee case), 97, 334-35; Kosyrev case, 95, 314-22, 370/i; Malinovsky case, 319, 628; Moscow Revtribunal case, 311-13; Oldenborger case, 336-41, 372-73, 391; Promparty case, 1, 47, 48, 49-50, 299, 336, 376-99, 400, 406; Russkiye Vedomosti case, 310-11; Shakhty case, 47, 336, 373-75, 376; Shchastny case, 306-07, 434, 435, 632; Socialist Revolutionary Party case, 306-07, 342, 351-52, 354-67; “Tactical Center” case, 327-33, 401

Krylov, N. I., 421, 422

Kuibyshev, Valerian V., 339, 627

Kuibyshev: prison, 550, 569, 570

kulaks, 54-57, 79, 99, 303, 343, 578

Kupriyanov, 393

Kupriyanov, G. N., 116/1, 627

Kursky, Dmitri I., 352-53, 627

Kushnaryev, 146

Kuskova, Yekaterina D., 34, 627

Kuznetsk Basin, development of, 51, 378

Kuznetsov, 159/1

Kuznetsov, 322, 324

Kuznetsov, Vasily I., 252/1, 627

KVZhD see Chinese Eastern Railroad

Ladyzhensky, Aleksandr I., 12

Ladyzhensky, Nikolai I., 45-46

Lamsdorf, 257/j

Lapshin, Ivan I., 372, 627

Larichev, Viktor A., 379-80, 387, 388, 394, 398, 399

Larin, Y., 13/i

Larin, Y. (Mikhail A. Lurye), 146, 627

Latsis (Lacis), Martyn I. (Yan F. Sudrabs), 627 on Cheka, xii, 31, 96-97, 101, 300, 301, 303, 314, 425

Latvia/Latvians, 189, 384

arrests, 25, 62, 72, 77, 78, 91, 247

laws and judiciary, 299-431

acquittal, lack of grounds for, 291

constitution, 412, 415

decrees, 30, 32, 33, 55-56, 78, 86-87, 87-88, 89/i, 91, 289/1, 290-91, 336, 344, 439

“Four-sixths” law, 58, 88-89

“Fundamental Principles of Criminal Prosecution of the U.S.S.R.,” 291

Guiding Principles of the Criminal

Law of the R.S.F.S.R., 301 judiciary, 286-98; circuit courts, 301, 302; closed courts, 286-87, 288; military tribunals, $1,486, 293-98, 301, 436; people’s courts, 301, 302; public trials, 47-48, 299, 306-431; Revolutionary Tribunals (Revtribunals), 32, 282, 301-05, 308, 640; Special Boards (OSO), 143, 275, 281, 283-86, 288, 289, 290, 295, 641; Supreme Tribunal (Verkhtrib), 286, 295-98, 327, 366, 641; Troikas, 281-83 Khrushchev reforms, 158/i, 296-97, 407-08, 555

“Seven-eighths” law, 58, 88, 436-37

Tsarist regime, 281, 287, 301, 432-34 see also Code of Criminal Procedure; Criminal Code; sentences; individual trials

Lebedev, 241-42

Lebedev, 292

Lefortovo (prison; Moscow), 113,

180-81 Leist, 312

Lelyushenko, Dmitri D., 252/1, 627

Lenin, Vladimir I., 6n, 27, 30, 33, 192, 193, 297n, 306, 310, 321, 337, 434, 541

April Theses, 445, 637

assassination attempt, by Kaplan, 328, 362, 625

Lenin, Vladimir I. (cont’d) correspondence, 31-32, 328, 352-53, 371

Criminal Code, work on, 352-53, 354, 371

and Gorky, 31-32, 328

“How to Organize the Competition,” 27

illness, 354, 372 on the intelligentsia, 32, 328

in Siberia, 350, 491, 579/z

“What Are Our Ministers Thinking Of?,” 132-33

Leningrad (Petrograd), 6, 30

Institute of the North, 73

mass arrests, 13/i, 25, 50-51, 58, 69, 70, 72, 73, 77, 80, 441

Orthodox Church, 36, 345-46; trial, 36, 350-52

Political Red Cross, 41

Polytechnic Institute, 48

World War II, 80, 81, 179, 183/i, 252/1-253/z, 441-42, 511 see also Kresty (prison); Kronstadt Fortress; Peter and Paul Fortress; Schliisselburg Fortress

Lenka, 314

Lermontov, Mikhail Y., 161, 173, 627

Levina, Revekka S., 100, 627

Levitan, Yuri B., 75/i, 627-28

Levitin see Krasnov (Levitin)

Levitskaya, Nadya, 10

Levitsky, Vanya, 12

Liberov, 362

Libert, 314, 316, 318

Libin, 142

Likhachev, Nikolai P., 51, 628

Lipov, 289 literature, 31, 66, 262-63, 372; see also intelligentsia Lithuanians: arrests, 25, 62, 72, 78, 91, 99-100

World War II, with Wehrmacht units, 253/1, 262/1

“Living Church” see Orthodox Church, “Living Church”

Lomonosov, Mikhail V., 197, 628

Longinov, 346

Lordkipanidze, G. S., Ill, 628

Loris-Melikov, Mikhail T., 310, 628

Lorkh, Aleksandr G., 57, 628

Loshchilin, 571, 577

Lossky, Nikolai O., 262, 372, 628

Lozovsky, 292-93

Lozovsky, A. (Solomon A. Dridzo), 230, 628

Lubyanka (prison; Moscow), 96, 98, 114, 125, 187-88, 214-16, 322, 461, 639

Solzhenitsyn in, 134-42, 144, 184-235

Ludendorff, Erich, 357

Lunacharsky, Anatoly V., 192, 261, 343, 628

Lunin, 346

Lunin, 529-30

Lunin, Mikhail S., 132, 628

Lurye, Mikhail A. see Larin, Y.

Lysenko, Trofim D., 57, 599, 628

Lyubavsky, Matvei Kuzmich, 51

Main Fuels Committee see Glavtop Maisky, Ivan M., 34, 628

Makarenko, Anton S., 506, 628

Makarov, 50

Makarov, 452

Makarov-Zemlyansky, 337

Makhotkin, 596-97

Makhrovskaya, 97

Makotinsky, 472m

Malinovsky, Roman V.: trial, 319, 628

Maltsev, Viktor I., 258m

Manchuria, 260m

World War II, Soviet émigrés, 85, 602

Mandelstam, Osip E., 370m, 628

Mariupolsky, 314

Mariya, Mother see Skobtsova,

Yelizaveta Y. Mariyushkin, 265-66

Markos, Vafiades, 92, 628

Martov (Tsederbaum), Yuli O., 402, 628

Marx, Karl, 242, 313, 414

Masaryk, Jan, 260m

Matveyeva, G. P., 74

Maximych, 314

Mayakovsky, Vladimir V., 41, 42, 66, 525, 628

Meek, Nikolai K. von, 44-45, 200, 375, 629

Medvedev, 607-08

Melgunov, Sergei P., 133, 219m, 372, 629

Melnikov, 440

Mendel, Gregor: disciples arrested, 90 Mendel, Irma, 8

Mensheviks, 355, 386, 402, 639

arrests and trials, 30, 38, 41, 49, 63, 475; “Ail-Union Bureau of the Mensheviks,” trial, 49, 399-407

Mensheviks (cont’d) Foreign Delegation, 405, 406

Sotsialistichesky Vestnik, 39

Menshikov, Aleksandr D., 517, 629

Menzhinsky, Vyacheslav R., 34, 314, 629

Meretskov, Kirill A., 252m, 629

Merezhkov, 508, 509, 510, 511

Merezhkovsky, Dmitri S., 216, 263, 629

Meshcherskaya-Grevs, 316, 317, 318

Metlin, 163

MGB (Ministry of State Security), 639

“Mikhail, Emperor” see Belov, Viktor

A. Mikhailov, Nikolai A., 230, 629

Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw, 86, 260m, 629

Mikov, Nikolai M., 73

Mikoyan, Anastas I., 423, 629

military forces: arrests and purges, 8, 26, 31, 32, 39, 68, 77, 79, 80, 81, 110, 238, 252m, 303, 307

conscription made universal and compulsory, 303

and Criminal Code, 61, 79, 245, 352, 436

surrender forbidden, 243

“Tsarist Reds,” 39

see also Civil War (U.S.S.R.); Finnish War; Japanese War; prisoners of war; World War I; World War II “Military Plot,” 31, 307

Milyukov, Pavel N., 47, 629

Minayev, 571 “minus,” 35, 271, 282

Minusinsk: prison, 541, 584

Mirbach, 370m

Mironenko, 146

Mirovich, Vasily Y., 433, 629

Mirov-Korona, 72

Molotov (Skryabin), Vyacheslav M., 58, 176, 416, 417, 629

Morozov, Savva, 333

Moscow, 29, 30, 44, 433

Higher Technical School, 389

mass arrests, 42-43, 80

Orthodox Church, trial, 36, 346-49

Political Red Cross, 41

prisons see Butyrki; Krasnaya Presnya; Lefortovo; Lubyanka; Shpalernaya; Srentenka; Taganka Moscow Revtribunal: trial, 311-13

Moslems: arrests and trial, 254m World War II, with Wehrmacht units, 85, 257m, 262m see also Tatars

Mova, 40

Muksalmsky Monastery Prison see Solovetsky Islands

Müller, Wilhelm, 487

Munshin, 155

Muralevich, Vadim S., 330

Muravyev, 53

Murom: rebellion, 29, 302

Mussavatists, 38

MVD (Ministry of Interior), 604, 639

Myakotin, Venedikt A., 329-30, 372, 629

Nabokov (Sirin), Vladimir, 220, 263, 629

Narodnaya Volya, 287, 433, 456, 639

Narodniks, 409, 639

Narokov (Marchenko), Nikolai V., 444, 629

Nasedkin, Aleksei A., 404

“National Center” plot, 31 nationalities and ethnic groups: arrests and persecution, 51-52, 54-57, 62, 77-79, 84, 91-92, 99-100, 565-66 see also individual peoples “National Labor Party of Russia,” 254/z

navy, 355, 356

Kronstadt rebellion, 30, 33-34 see also military forces Nazarenko, 314

Nekrasov, Nikolai A., 60, 629

Nevsky, Nikolai A., 6

New Economic Policy (NEP), 30, 41, 52, 337, 340, 391, 392, 639

Nicholas I, Tsar, 131-32

Nicholas II, Tsar, 41/i

Nicolaevsky, Boris I., 595/z

Nikolsky, 304

Nikovsky, Andrei, 51

NKGB (People’s Commissariat of State Security), 639

NKVD (People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs), 27, 30, 32, 639

nobility: arrests, 40, 58

Nogtyev, 463

Norway: World War II, 219

Novikov, 74

Novikov, Nikolai I., 281, 629

Novitsky, Y. P., 352

Novorussky, Mikhail V., 41, 457/z, 482, 630

Novosibirsk: prison, 293, 534, 542

Obolensky, Yevgeny P., 132, 630

Ochkin, V. I., 388, 389, 394, 399

OGPU (United State Political Administration), 639

Ohola, Richard, 127

Okhrana, 67, 195, 639

Okhrimenko, 446

Okorokov, Vasily (Robert Shtekker), 78/z-79/z

Oldenborger, V. V.: trial, 336-41, 372-73, 391

Olenyev, A. Y. t 575, 578, 584-85

Olitskaya, Yekaterina L., 15, 461, 468-69, 472, 476, 630

Olitsky, Dima, 48

Olminsky (Aleksandrov), Mikhail S., 500, 630

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, 170, 175/1, 298, 540/1

Ordzhonikidze, Grigory (Sergo), K., 45/i, 416, 630

Orel: prison, 466, 479, 567

Orthodox Church, 342, 345

arrests and trials, 28, 29, 36-38, 50-51, 59, 86, 227, 325-27, 342, 352; “churchmen” case, 322-27; Moscow church trial, 36, 346-49; Petrograd church trial, 36, 350-52

and famine, 343-47

passim, 351

“Living Church,” 36-37, 351

property requisitioned and confiscated, 29, 323, 325, 326, 342, 344-51 passim

Osadchy, 372

OSO see Special Boards

Osorgin (Ilin), Mikhail A., 372, 630

Ostyaks, Yenisei, 6

Otsep, 377

Ovsyannikov, 169-70

Palchinskaya, Nina A., 6, 74

Palchinsky, Pyotr A., 6, 44, 74, 200, 374-75, 395, 409, 630

Palen (Pahlen), Pyotr A., 37

Pannwitz, Helmuth von, 263

paradise islands see prisoners,

special-assignment work passports, internal, 11, 39, 54, 82

Pasternak, Boris L., 614, 630

Paul I, Tsar, 433

Paulus, Friedrich von, 210

Pavel, 580

Pavel, Andrei, 11, 12

Pavlova, Anna P., 262 PD (Criminal Activity), 284

peasants, 30, 33, 55-56, 57-58, 302-03, 360

Committees of the Poor, 29, 55, 303, 637

peasants (cont’d) intensivniki, 420

podkulachniks, 56-57

“Siberian Peasants’ Union,” trial, 33

see also agriculture; collectives;

famine; kulaks; Working Peasants

Party Perel, 73

Peresvetov, R., 133 Perkhurov, Aleksandr P., 367, 630

Peshekhonov, Aleksei V., 372, 630

Peshkova-Vinaver, Yekaterina P., 41, 59, 227, 630 Pestel, Pavel I., 132, 630

Peter I (Peter the Great), 28, 54, 93, 432

Peter and Paul Fortress, 34, 215n, 479

Peters, Yakov K., 314, 318, 321, 630

Petrograd see Leningrad

Petunin, 401

PFL (Identification and Screening Camp), 248-49

Pilnyak (Vogau), Boris A., 215, 630

Pintsov, Rudolf, 126

Platonov, Sergei F., 51, 630

Plekhanov, Georgi V., 39, 194, 630

Pletnev, Dmitri D., 60«, 630

Pobedonostsev, Konstantin P., 310, 631

Podbelsky, Yuri, 463n

Podgaisky, 312-13

podkulachniks, 56-57

Poincare, Raymond, 47, 385

Pokhilko, 151/i Pokrovsky, Viktor P., 443

Poland, 41, 260«, 384

World War II, 254«, 257«; Polish prisoners of war, 86, 219

Poles (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 77, 81

Political Red Cross, 40-41, 227, 332, 468

polutsvetnye (“bitches” or “half-breeds”), 559, 580-81, 619

Pomgol see State Commission for Famine Relief Ponomaryev, 609

Popkov, 164

Popov, Blagoi S., 247n

Popular Socialist Party, 30, 640

Postyshev, Pavel P., 412, 631

Potapov, Seryezha, 125n, 580

Prague: World War II, 235, 258-59

Pravda, 336, 367, 369, 374w, 463

prisoners: “beavers,” 507, 546 body searches, 481, 533, 569, 570

prisoners (contd) case files, 514, 533, 559, 560, 561, 562

clothing, 515, 542, 569, 583, 598

communication, clandestine, 189, 205, 215, 280, 461,481

correspondence, 6, 460, 480, 481, 514-15, 549-50

commissary, 114, 457, 460, 480

under death sentence, 444-55

exercise, 204, 211-13, 275«, 460, 466, 474, 478, 480, 601

food and drink, 53, 93, 98, 110, 111, 113, 114-15, 182, 204, 206-07, 224-25, 452, 457, 479, 494-96, 498, 509, 510, 511, 533, 536, 538, 540, 541, 556, 564, 571-72, 576, 577, 578, 581, 583, 584, 607

food parcels, 6, 114, 195-96, 214, 280, 452, 469, 479, 546, 606

general-assignment work, 514, 556, 564, 619 hunger strikes, 464-74

illness and disease, 34n, 114, 125, 207-08, 446, 453, 479, 482, 535, 536, 564, 579, 585

number of, estimate, 595

personal possessions, 460, 465, 481, 492, 502, 503, 506, 507, 508, 510, 511, 515, 529, 544, 546, 569, 570, 584

petitions, 208-09, 446, 483

reading matter, 214-16, 457, 458, 460, 465, 468, 474, 477, 482, 484, 601

registration cards, 589-90

rights, 140, 141, 207, 208-09, 460

sanitary facilities, 125, 183, 203-05, 210, 225, 274, 280, 496-98, 527, 533, 540-41, 542, 569, 578, 579, 597, 601

special-assignment work (paradise islands; sharashka), 556, 563, 588, 590, 596, 598, 604, 640

stool pigeons, 128, 153, 185, 186, 448, 574, 618

“suckers,” 497-98, 505, 515, 571, 619 see also amnesty; arrests; camps; family and relatives (of prisoner); interrogations; prisoner transport; prisons; sentences; thieves; transit prisons and camps

prisoners, nonpolitical, 65, 86-89, 250-51, 499-500, 619

prisoners, nonpolitical (confd)

short-term sentences, 288«-289«, 560

terms switched or sold, 560, 561

as trusties, 536, 543-45, 559-60, 570, 580-81, 619-20

World War II, release for military service, 81

see also amnesty; thieves prisoners of war, 242, 249-50

and Criminal Code, 61, 245

Finnish War, 77, 243

and Hague Convention, 219

surrender forbidden by military statutes, 61, 77, 239, 243

World War I, 219«, 242

prisoners of war (World War II): British, 219, 243

German, 84, 584, 602

in German camps, 218-19, 239, 243, 245-46, 248, 256

Japanese, 84

Norwegian, 219

Polish, 86, 219

Soviet, 218, 219; arrests after return, 25, 81, 82-83, 142, 164, 221/i, 237-51 passim, 255-56, 259-60, 260-61, 602; as fighting force with Resistance and partisans, 244-45, 261; as police (Polizei), 142, 218, 245, 246, 640; repatriation by Allies, S2n, 249, 259-60; as spies for Wehrmacht, 220, 221-22, 246-47, 247-48, 260, 261; as work force, 82«-83rt, 238, 245, 246, 258; see also World War II, anti-Soviet fighting forces with Wehrmacht

Yugoslav, 219

prisoner transport, 489-532, 565-87

Black Marias, 42, 160, 489, 525, 527-32

boats and barges, 32, 435, 499, 535, 565, 577-82

carts, 491, 563, 583

convoy guards, 64, 490, 491, 494-98 passim, 506-15 passim, 523, 533, 567-75 passim, 579, 580, 584, 585, 586; on special convoy, 16, 588, 589, 590-91

food and drink, 494-96, 498, 509, 510, 511, 571-72, 576, 578, 579, 581, 584

on foot, 491, 525, 527-28, 565, 567, 576, 578, 583-86

loading and unloading of prisoners, 490, 524-27, 567-70

prisoner transport (cont’d) police dogs, 568, 575, 576, 584, 585

railroad cars (vagonzak): red cattle cars, 489, 559, 565-67, 568, 570-74, 584, 585; Stolypin cars, 490-94, 501, 513, 521, 566, 641

sanitary facilities, 496-98, 527, 578, 579

thieves, 492, 498-99, 501-08 passim, 515-16, 529-30, 570-71, 572, 573, 575, 579-80

Tsarist regime, 495/1, 499-500

women, 38, 491, 494, 498, 499, 521, 530, 584

prisons, 457-83

cells, 68, 444-45, 457, 478, 479-80, 480-81, 533, 534-35, 537-38, 597-98, 606; interrogation, 98, 99, 100, 113-14, 179-89, 606; KPZ (Cell for Preliminary Detention), 9, 124-25, 180; punishment cells, 98, 99, 100, 113-14, 182, 481-82, 494, 638; solitary confinement (“box,” pit), 109, 110, 113, 124, 163, 180,468 churches and monasteries used as, 438, 450, 479, 605 DPZ (House of Preliminary Detention), 180 internal prisons, 184«, 190 isolator, 460, 473, 474, 475, 479-84, 638 TON (Special Purpose Prison), 457, 478-84 see also interrogations; transit prisons and camps; Tsarist regime, prisons and camps

Prokopovich, Sergei N., 34, 631

Promparty (Industrial Party), 640 trial, 1, 47, 48, 49-50, 299, 336, 376-99, 400, 406

Provisional Government, 355, 359, 402, 434, 640

Prugavin, Aleksandr S., 437/i

Pryubel, Artur, 369n-370n PSh (Suspicion of Espionage), 64, 284

Ptukhin, Yevgeny S., 80, 631 Pugachev, Yemelyan I., 433, 631 Punich, Ivan A., 73/i Pyankov, 281

Pyatakov, Georgi L., 354, 411, 415-16

PZ (Toadyism Toward the West), 91

Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 262

Radek, Karl B., 370n, 410, 415, 416, 631

Radishchev, Aleksandr N., 131, 500, 631

Rafailsky, 314

railroads, 28, 44-45, 493, 592-93

Chinese Eastern Railroad (KVZhD), 72, 156, 217, 637

militarization of, 87, 439

Vikzhel (All-Russian Executive Committee of Railroad Workers Union), 28, 641 see also prisoner transport, railroad

cars Rakovskaya, Yelena, 90 Ralov, R., 129 Ramzin, Leonid K., 377, 386-90

passim, 394, 396, 398-99, 401, 631

Ransome, Arthur, 13w, 631

Rappoport, Arnold, 279, 471-72

Raskolnikov (Ilin), Fyodor F., 467, 631

Rasputin, Grigory Y., 199, 322, 631

Ratner, Yevgeniya M., 364

Razin, Stepan T. (Stenka), 599, 631 Red Army see military forces Red Cross see International Red Cross;

Political Red Cross Reformatsky, Mikhail A., 443 Reilly, Sidney G., 127, 631 religious persecution and arrests, 51, 58, 59, 90, 475; see also Jews;

Moslems; Orthodox Church;

Roman Catholic Church Repin, Ilya Y., 557, 631

Repina, 531

Reunov, Volodya, 580

Revolutionary Tribunals (Revtribunals), 32, 282, 301-05, 308, 640; see also individual trials Rimalis, 107

RKI (Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection): Oldenborger trial, 336-41

passim ROA see “Russian Liberation Army”

Rodionovites see Gil-Blazhevich (Rodionov)

Roginsky, Grigory K., 399

Rokossovsky, Konstantin K., 252/i, 448, 631

Roman Catholic Church: arrests and persecution, 37

Romanov, Panteleimon S., 215, 632

Romanov, Vasily F., 420, 421

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 259n, 553-54, 611-12

Rossiya Insurance Company, 134, 210-11

Rostov-on-the-Don: House 33, 43,

103h, 104-05 Rottenberg, 314, 316, 318

Rozhansky, Dmitri A., 48, 49

Rozsas, Janos, 279

Rubin, Pyotr P., 465-66

Rudzutak, Yan E., 412, 632

Rumania, 384

World War II, 610

Rumanians: arrests, 86

Rumyantseva, Yuliya, 133

Rusov, 152, 421 Russell, Bertrand, 537n

“Russian Liberation Army” (ROA), 251, 253, 257

Russian Orthodox Church see Orthodox Church

Russkaya Pravda, 132, 640

Russkiye Vedomosti: trial, 310-11

Ryabushinsky, Pavel P., 47, 632

Rybakova, Vera, 15

Rykov, Aleksei I., 335, 405, 410, 415, 416, 632

Ryleyev, Kondrati F., 131-32, 632

Rysakov, Nikolai I., 132, 632

Ryumin, M. D., 126, 127, 157-58, 182n, 297, 596, 632

Ryurik, 1 64, 232, 435, 632

Ryzhei, Pyotr L. see Tur Brothers

sabotage: and Criminal Code, 65, 67

Saburov, 421, 429, 430, 450

Sakharov, Igor K., 257n, 632

Saltychikha (Darya N. Saltykova), 21 lrt, 437, 632

Samarin, A. D., 322, 324

Samsonov, Aleksandr V., 253n, 632

Samulyev, 110

Sandormirskaya, 41

Sanin, 508-09, 510, 511

Santerre, Max, 517

Sapropelite Committee, 95-96, 640

Saunin, 75

Savinkov, Boris V., 310, 357, 367-69, 369n-370n, 632

Savinkov, Lev B., 369, 371

Savva, St., 325, 632

Sawatyevsky Monastery Prison see Solovetsky Islands

Sayenko, 156

Schlusselburg Fortress, 41, 434/1,

457-58, 462, 479, 480, 482, 640

schools and universities: arrests and persecution, 26, 28, 31, 34, 38-39, 40, 43, 48, 59, 73, 90, 313, 357, 358, 416, 611 see also intelligentsia

Schrodinger, Erwin, 599

Schultz, 291/1, 497

Schutzbiindlers, 59, 608, 640

scientists: arrests and persecution, 31, 73, 90, 95-96 see also intelligentsia

Sedelnikov, 336, 339, 340, 341

Sedin, Ivan K., 231, 632

Sedykh, Lyuba, 159

Selivanov, Dmitri F., 372, 632

Semyonov, 350

Semyonov, 362

Semyonov, Nikolai A., 248, 601

Senchenko, 152-53, 164

sentences, 284-86, 288-89, 291 in camp, 81, 248

death penalty (supreme measure), 60, 62, 63, 67, 243, 283, 291, 300, 302, 352-53, 432^-55; abolishment, 89, 302, 324, 434, 435-36, 439; appeals and commutation, 446, 453; during Civil War, 300, 435; (1937-38), 438-39; reinstatement, 89/i, 290-91, 433, 434, 435, 436, 439; during Tsarist regime, 301,432-34

disenfranchisement (“muzzle”), 245, 248, 291

“minus,” 35, 271, 282

repeaters (second-termers), 25, 89-90 terms switched or sold, 560, 561

see also amnesty; Criminal Code

Serdyukova, 14

Serebryakova, Galina I., 540/j, 632

Sergius, St., 326, 632

Sergius, Archimandrite, 352

Serov, Ivan A., 149/j, 632

Seryegin, Viktor A., 293

“Seven-eighths” law, 58, 88, 436-37

Shakespeare, William, 173-74

Shakhty case: trial, 47, 336, 373-75, 376

Shalamov, Varlam T., 99n, 632 Kolyma Stories, xii, 632

Sketches of the Criminal World, 580/1

Shanghai: Soviet 6migr6s, 264

sharashka see prisoners, special-assignment work

Shchastny, Aleksei M., 306-07, 434, 435, 632

Shchebetin, 545

Shcherbakov, Aleksandr S., 157, 231, 632

Shein, 373

Sheinin, Lev R., 22, 633

Shendrik, 555-56

Sheshkovsky, Stepan I., 131, 633

Shevtsov, Sergei P., 41

Shipovalnikov, Father Viktor, 127, 169, 576

Shitov, 150

Shkurkin, 154

Shmidt, Pyotr P., 614, 633

Sholokhov, Mikhail A., 244/1, 633

Shpakov, Volodya, 580

Shpalernaya (prison; Moscow), 144,

459 Shtrobinder, Aleksandr, 443

Shubin, 425

Shulgin, Vasily V., 264-65, 633

Shvernik, Nikolai M., 399, 405-06, 633

“Siberian Peasants’ Union”: trial, 33

Sidorov, 116

Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 77

Sinebryukhov, 286

Sivakov, 98

Skobtsova, Yelizaveta Y. (Mother Mariya), 188, 633

Skorokhvatov, 154 Skripnikova, Anna P., 8, 34#i, 43, 98, 483, 500

Skrypnik, Nikolai A., 411, 633

Skuratov, Malyuta (Grigory L. Belsky), 168, 633

Skyrius, Romualdas, 100

Slesarev, 292

Sliozberg (Adamova-Sliozberg), Olga, xii, 294, 480

Smelov, Gennady, 473

SMERSH, 23, 640 Smirnov, 351

Smirnov, Fyodor I., 420, 421, 422, 427, 429, 430

Smirnov, Ivan N., 410, 411, 472, 633

Smushkevich, Yakov V., 80, 633

Social Democrats: arrests, 30, 36, 191, 460, 472, 474

Socialist Revolutionary Party, 191, 355-61 passim, 409, 640

arrests and trials, 29, 30, 31, 36, 41, 63, 302, 460, 463, 472, 474, 475; amnesty (1919), 358-59, 360; Central Committee, trial, 306-07, 342, 351-52, 354-67

socialists: arrests, 35-36, 39, 51, 59, 72, 469, 473-78, 500

SOE (Socially Dangerous Element), 86, 284

Sokol, 115

Sokolnikov, Grigory Y., 414-15, 633

Sokolov, 447

Solovetsky Islands (Solovki): Special Purpose Camp (SLON; Muskalmsky, Sawatyevsky, Troitsky monastery prisons), 32, 37, 38, 43, 189, 463-65, 480, 640

Solovyev, 314, 316, 317, 318

Solovyev, Vladimir S., 37, 633

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr L: arrest and imprisonment, 16-23, 66-67, 133-34, 153, 164-67, 250, 277-79; Butyrki, 237, 239, 241-42, 248, 252n, 260, 265, 267-68, 269, 271-80, 395, 594-615; camp, 142, 589-90, 598, 601; Krasnaya Presnya, 537-38, 546-49, 551-54, 557-58, 563-64; Lubyanka, 134-42, 144, 184-235; prisoner transport, 524-26, 530-32; special convoy, 588, 590-94 passim

The First Circle, 157, 590

and Khrushchev, 234n

military career, 19, 162-64, 169-70, 238-39, 255-57, 260, 594

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, 170, 175n, 298, 540/j

Rostov University, 160, 161

Sorokin, 422

South Africa, Republic of, 290n

Spain: Civil War, 86, 263

Spanish Inquisition, 435n

Special Boards (OSO), 143, 275, 281, 283-86, 288, 289, 290, 295, 641

Special Purpose Prisons (TON), 457, 478-84

Special Purpose Detachments (CHON), 303

spies see espionage

SR see Socialist Revolutionary Party

Sretenka (prison; Moscow), 568

Stakhanovite movement, 139

Stalin, Iosif V., 633

amnesty (1945) and rumors of, 78, 190n, 191n, 251, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278h, 280, 608

and Bukharin, 411-18 passim

Okhrana, possible service in, 67n, 195n

Order No. 227 (World War II), 81

and public trials, 47-48, 49-50

“Six Conditions,” 48

Stalingrad: World War II, 81, 162

State Bank, 401

State Commission for Famine Relief (Pomgol), 34, 344, 345, 346, 347, 351, 638

State Planning Commission (Gosplan), 44, 63, 272, 392, 401

Stavrov, 420, 421, 426

Steiner, 258

Stelmakh, 98, 300

Stempkovsky, V. I., 330

Stepun, Fyodor A., 372, 634

Stolyarova, N., 131

Stolypin, Pyotr A., 301, 310, 389, 491, 634

Stolypin cars see prisoner transport, railroad cars

stool pigeons, 128, 153, 185, 186, 448, 574, 618

Strakhovich, Konstantin I., 153, 289, 442, 444, 445, 446, 447

Strakhovich, Yelizaveta V., 153

Strik-Strikfeldt, Wilfred, 253n

Strutinskaya, Yelena, 109

Struzhinsky, 462, 503

students see schools and universities

Sudrabs, Yan F. see Latsis (Lacis),

Martyn I. Sukhanov (Gimmer), Nikolai N., 49, 634

Sukhanovka: prison, 113, 117, 126, 181-83, 479

Supreme Council of the Economy (VSNKh), 43-44, 63, 392, 401, 641

Supreme Soviet, 438, 641

Supreme Tribunal (Verkhtrib), 286, 295-98, 327, 366, 641; see also individual trials

Surikov, Vasily I., 517, 567, 634

Surovets, Nadezhda V., 46

Surovtseva, Nadezhda, 477, 482 Susi, Arnold, 202, 205, 213, 214, 216, 225, 289, 493, 508

Suvorov, 596

Suzdal: prison, 478-79, 480

SVE (Socially Harmful Element), 284

Svechin, Aleksandr A., 443, 634

Sverdlov, Yakov M., 307, 634

SVPSh (Contacts Leading to Suspicion of Espionage), 64, 284

Sweden, 272 World War II, Soviet internees, 83

“Tactical Center” case: trial, 327-33, 401

Taganka (prison; Moscow), 489

Tagantsev, Nikolai S., 433-34, 634

Taishet: camp, 513, 554, 560

Tanev, Vasil K., 247n

Tarakanov, 452

Tarle, Yevgeny V., 51, 634

Tatarin, Volodka, 580

Tatars, 25, 53, 59, 323

World War II, with Wehrmacht units, 84, 253/1, 638

Teitelbaum, Moisei I., 404

Tenno, Georgi, 279

Terekhov, D., 158-59, 172

thieves, 67, 78, 145, 478, 505-06, 618-19

and “beavers,” 507, 546

execution of (1937-38), 438

and polutsvetnye (“bitches” or “halfbreeds”), 559, 580-81, 619

prisoner transport, 492, 498-99, 501-08 passim, 515-16, 529-30, 570-71, 572, 573, 575, 579-80

and “suckers,” 497-98, 505, 515, 571, 619

terms switched or sold, 560, 561

transit prisons, 536, 537, 543-44, 546, 547^8, 549, 559/1, 560, 561

as trusties, 536, 543-45 see also “Four-sixths” law; “Seven-eighths” law

Tief, Otto, 214

Tikhon, Patriarch, 36, 326, 343-45, 634

“churchmen” trial, 322, 323

Moscow church trial, 346, 347, 348, 349

Time of Troubles, 342-43, 641

Timofeyev-Ressovsky, Nikolai V., 149/1, 207/1, 493, 597, 598, 599, 600, 603, 604, 634

Tito, Iosip, 247/1

TKP see Working Peasants Party

TN (Terrorist Intent), 65

Tolstoi, Alexandra L., 333, 634

Tolstoi, Lev (Leo) N., 147^8, 197, 223, 372, 434, 605, 613

Resurrection, 499, 583-84

Tolstoyans, 28, 51

Tomsky, Mikhail P., 411, 416, 634

TON see Special Purpose Prisons

trade unions, 13/i, 26, 28, 339, 439

transit prisons and camps, 38, 489, 533-64

thieves, 536, 537, 543-44, 546, 547^8, 549, 559/1, 560, 561

trusties, 536* 543^5, 559-60, 570

Travkin, Zakhar G., 19, 20

treason: and Criminal Code, 61, 79 see also prisoners of war

Tretyukin, Volodya, 580

Troitsky Monastery Prison see Solovetsky Islands

Tronko, Igor, 268, 269

Trotsky (Bronshtein), Lev (Leon) D., 300/1, 370/1, 410, 434, 467, 634

Trotskyites, 284, 414, 415

arrests and persecution, 39, 52, 90, 284, 472, 476, 477

Trubetskoi, Sergei P., 132, 634

Trushin, 491

Trutnev, 154

Tsarapkin, Sergei R., 597, 600, 604-05

“Tsarist Reds,” 39

Tsarist regime: laws and judiciary, 281, 287, 301, 432-34

Okhrana, 67, 195, 639 prisons and camps, 35, 132, 189, 409, 457-58 s 466, 467, 495/1, 499-500

Tseitlin, Yefim, 413/1

Tsvetayeva, Marina I., 188, 635

Tsvetkov, 322, 324

Tsvilko, Adolf, 146 Tubelsky, Leonid D. see Tur Brothers

Tukhachevsky, Mikhail N., 33/t, 634

Tur Brothers (Pyotr L. Ryzhei and Leonid D. Tubelsky), 22, 635

Tvardovsky, 479 Tynyanov, Yuri N., 613, 635

Ukrainians: arrests, 62, 77, 91, 99-100

“Banderovtsy,” 86, 91, 519, 622

Union for Liberation of the Ukraine, trial, 51

World War II, with Wehrmacht units, 253/1, 262/1

Ulrikh, Vasily V., 289-90, 296, 368, 369, 635

Ulyanov, Aleksandr I., 14, 41, 134, 635

Union for Liberation of the Ukraine: trial, 51

“Union of Rebirth,” 357, 401

United States, 86, 90, 91, 101/t,

World War II: repatriation of Soviets, 82/i, 85, 249, 259-60; Yalta Conference, 185, 259

Univer, 421, 422, 426, 430, 431

Uritsky, Moisei S., 174, 314, 635

urki see thieves

Uspenskaya, 315-16, 320, 321-22

Uspensky, 322

Ust-Vym: camp, 243, 540, 584

Utyosov, Leonid 0.,.534, 635

VAD (Praise of American Democracy), 91

Valentin, 274, 279, 280, 546-47, 548

Valentinov (Volsky), Nikolai V., 466, 635

Vaneyev, 133

Varentsov, Ivan N., 43

VAS (Dissemination of Anti-Soviet Sentiments), 284

Vasilyev, 150/z Vasilyev-Yuzhin, Mikhail I., 282, 373/z, 635 VAT (Praise of American Technology), 91 Vavilov, Nikolai I., 50, 445-46, 635

disciples arrested, 90

VChK see Cheka

Velichko, A. F., 44, 375

Veniamin, Metropolitan, 36, 345, 346, 349-50, 367

Petrograd church trial, 36, 350-52, 458/1

Vereshchagin, Vasily V., 211/z, 635

Verkhne-Uralsk: prison, 271/z, 465, 466, 475, 479

Verkhtrib see Supreme Tribunal vertukhai, 203

Vikzhel (All-Russian Executive Committee of Railroad Workers Union), 28, 641

Vinogradsky, N. N., 330

Vitkovsky, Dmitri P., xi, xii, 98, 242/z

Vladimir: prison, 125/1, 475, 479-83 passim

Vladimirescu, 608-10

Vlasov, Andrei A., 251-53, 251 n, 258, 635; see also Vlasov men

Vlasov, Vasily G., 14, 152, 421-31 passim, 449-55 passim, 557

Vlasova, Zoya, 43 In Vlasov men, 85, 223, 243, 246, 251,

25 3 n, 255-63 passim; see also

Vlasov, Andrei A. Vogt, 599-600

Voikov, Pyotr L., 41-42, 635

VOKhR (Militarized Guard Service), 157, 249

Volga Canal, project, 59, 285

Volkonskaya, Zinaida, 182

Volkopyalov, 149/i, 154

Vologda: prison, 513, 534, 542, 569

Voloshin, Maksimilian A., 34, 635

Vorkuta: camp and projects, 82/i-83/i, 577, 578

Vorobyev, I. Y., 155

Vorobyev, N. M., 10 Voroshilov, Kliment Y., 124/z, 454,

636 Voskoboinikov, K. P., 254n, 257/z

Vostrikov, Andrei I., 5-6

VSNKh see Supreme Council of the Economy

VTsIK see All-Russian Central

Executive Committee Vul, 282

Vyazemskaya, Princess, 40

Vysheslavtsev, Boris P., 372, 636

Vyshinsky, Andrei Y., xii, 34, 62, 100-01, 139, 271/z, 282-83, 288/1-289/z, 358, 373, 376, 377, 378, 384, 418, 459/z, 553, 636

Vyushkov, 163-64

Warsaw: World War II, 257 n

Waschkau, Günther, 291/z

White Russians see Civil War, émigrés

White Sea Canal, project, xii, 42, 157

Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection see RKI

Working Peasants Party (TKP), 386, 387 trial, 49-50, 57, 331, 400

World War I, 31, 219/z, 242, 253/z, 272, 343, 356-57

World War II, 63, 77, 81, 240, 252/1-253/z, 259/1-260/z

anti-Soviet fighting forces with Wehrmacht, 253/z-254/z, 254-55, 257n, 258, 260, 262/r, émigrés, 254/z, 257/z; Estonians, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians, 253/*, 262/z; “Hiwi,” 246, 638; Krasnov and Krasnov Cossacks, 85, 246, 254/z, 259, 262/z, 263, 627; Moslems, 87, 257/i, 262/z; prisoners of war as spies, 220, 221-22, 246-47, 247-48, 260, 261; Rodionovites, 254/z, 257/z; “Russian Liberation Army” (ROA), 251, 253, 257; Tatars, 84, 253n, 638; Vlasov and Vlasov men, 85, 223, 243, 246, 251-53, 255-63 passim, 635 arrests, 24-25, 60, 61, 78-86, 238, 270-71, 441, 507, 566, 579, 602; émigrés, 63, 84-85, 238, 262-66 passim, 566, 602; military, 79, 80, 81, 110, 238; military—prisoners of war, 25, 81, 82-83, 142, 164, 221/z, 237-51 passim, 255-56, 259-60, 260-61, 602

criminals released for service, 81

deserters, 250-51

ending of, 235-36, 270-71

internees in Sweden, 83

repatriation of Soviets by Allies, 82/i, 85, 249, 259-60; Resistance and partisans, 82, 244-45, 257/1, 261, 263; war criminals, 84, 175, 176-77

Yalta Conference, 185, 259 see also prisoners of war (World War II); individual countries

Wrangel, Pyotr N., 137, 436, 636

Yagoda, Genrikh G., 34, 96, 157, 173, 314, 374, 375, 410-11, 415, 438, 465, 636

Yakubovich, 402/1

Yakubovich, Mikhail P., 49, 370, 400, 401-07, 418

Yakubovich, Pyotr F., 636

In the World of Outcasts, 495/1, 499, 500/1, 561/2, 577

Yakulov, 312, 316

Yakuts, 51

Yalta Conference, 185, 259

Yaroshenko, Nikolai A., 491, 636

Yaroslavl: prison, 469, 473, 477, 478, 480

Yasevich, Konstantin K., 267-68, 602

Yefimov, 362

Yefremov, Sergei A., 51

Yegorov, 350

Yegorov, P. V., 310-11

Yenukidze, Avel S., 412, 636

Yermilov, Vladimir V., 525, 636

Yesenin, Sergei A., 604, 636

Yezepov, I. I., 134, 135, 142, 144

Yezhov, Nikolai I., 76, 157, 427/2, 438, 479, 636

Yudenich, Nadezhda, 74

Yudenich, Nikolai N., 213, 332, 636

Yugoslavia: World War II, 85, 219

Yurovsky, L. N., 50

Yuzhakov, 74

Zabolovsky, 71

Zalygin, Sergei P., 56/i, 636

Zamyatin, Yevgeny I., 46, 215, 636

Zaozerov, 425

Zaozersky, A. N., 347

Zapadny, 469

Zasulich, Vera I., 281, 287, 636

Zavalishin, Dmitri I., 132, 636

zeks see prisoners

Zeldovich, Vladimir B., 483

Zelensky, 132

Zenyuk, 338

Zhdanov, Andrei A., 157, 441, 447, 636

Zhebrak, Anton R., 599, 636

Zheleznov, Foma F., 137

Zhelyabov, Andrei I., 287, 636

Zhilenkov, G. N., 253/1

Zhukov, Georgi K., 252/j, 636

Zinoviev (Apfelbaum), Grigory Y.,

299, 300/1, 397, 410, 411, 412, 413, 636

Zverev, G. A., 258/z