The Human Age: The World Shaped by Us

INDEX

Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.

Page numbers beginning with 313 refer to notes.

Absolicon, 99

acetylation, 281

acidification, 65, 66, 154

Adam (robot), 221

Adams, Ansel, 25

Adams, Lytle S. “Doc,” 145

adaptive radiation, 29

addiction, 176

additive manufacturing, see 3D printing

Adélie penguins, 134–35

Aesop, 115

Afghanistan War, 258

African bees, 132

agriculture, 10, 11, 34, 71

big, 154

global warming and, 56

local, 88

as seen from air, 21

urban, 90

see also

mariculture

Alaska, 47–48, 132

algae, 10, 53, 61

Alien (film), 228

allergies, 301

alligators, 117, 134, 164

alliums, 125

Alps, 132

ALS, 285

alumroots, 80–81

Alzheimer’s, 271, 295

Amazon, 210

Amenhotep II, 257

amino acids, 179–80

Anatomage, 197

animals, in war, 141–48

Antarctic, 22

ice cores in, 9

Antarctica, 237

anteaters, 132

Anthropocene, 9

beginning of, 32–33

antibiotics, 300, 301

ants, 273

Apollo 17, 17–18

Appalachian Trail, 123–24

Apple, 210

Apps for Apes, 5–6, 28, 204

aquatic plants, 79

Arabian oryx, 132

archaea, 300

Archimedes, 220

architecture, 91–94

Archives of General Psychiatry, 300–1

Argentina, 72, 123, 132

Argus butterfly, 136

Arizona, 77

Arlanda, 99

Armstrong, Neil, 306

Army Corps of Engineers, 48

aromas, 294

artificial intelligence (AI), 210

artificial life (AL), 210

artificial limbs, 253

aseptic meningitis, 130

Ashton, Kevin, 230

Asia, 192

Assateague, 137–38

assembly line, 235

Assisted Human Reproduction Act, 266

asthma, 301

Atelier DNA, 103

Athaeneum Hotel, 84

Atlantic City, N.J., 46–47

atom bomb tests, 34

attention disorders, 196

Audi, 236

Audubon Society, 137

Australia, 43, 46, 77, 164–65, 175, 298–99

Australian Outback, 54

Austria, 124

autism, 176, 285, 302

autobiographical memory, 217

azacitidine, 285

Aztecs, 112

babies, 259

Backhouse, David, 144

bacteria, 181–83, 187, 289, 291, 300

Bacteroides fragilis, 302

baiji dolphins, 162

Ballard, J. G., 231

bamboo, 132

Bangladesh, 51–53, 271

basil, 89, 90

Bat Bomb Project, 145

bats, 115

Bavaria, Germany, 107

Baylis, Françoise, 266

beans, 190

beavers, 135

bee balm, 125

beebots, 181

bees, 147, 166

beetles, 164, 180–81

Bell Museum of Natural History, 115

beluga whales, 135, 144

Benenson, Peter, 98

Benyus, Janine, 92

Berridge, Matt, 5–7, 25–28, 202

Bespoke Innovations, 236–37

Bhutan, 72

big agriculture, 154

Big Sur, 115

biofuels, 64

bioluminescent foliage, 83

biomimicry, 91–92

bionic fingers, 13

bionic suits, 13

bioprinting, 238, 245–46

bipolar disorder, 285

birds, 216

extinction of, 139

bird’s-foot trefoil, 166

black bears, 126

“Black Marble” photograph, 17

Blade Runner (film), 228, 253

Blanc, Patrick, 79–82, 84–85, 207

bleeding hearts, 125

Blizzard Nemo, 58

bloomers, 191

blue-jay feathers, 91

“Blue Marble” photograph, 17–18, 305

bobcats, 129

Boeing, 236

Bonassar, Lawrence, 243–52, 253

bonobos, 201–3

books, 171

Borges, Jorge Luis, 236

Borneo, 107, 132, 313

Boulogne, France, 83

Boulter, Nicky, 298–99

Bracken Cave, 145

brain, 150, 281

rewiring of, 191

scans of, 176–78

Bramel, Paula, 155

Brand, Stewart, 150

Branson, Richard, 54

Brazil, 46, 88, 123

breast milk, 301

breeding, 149–50

Breezy Point, N.Y., 45

Brittany, France, 62–63

Bronen, Robin, 48

Brooklyn Battery Tunnel, 45

Brooklyn Navy Yard, 82

Brown, Charles, 115–16

brown bears, 132

brown tree snake, 139

Budi (orangutan), 4–7, 25–26, 27, 28, 44, 122–23, 202, 269

iPad of, 4–7, 25–26, 27, 28, 71

building, heating of, 96–98

buildings, 90–94

bullfrogs, 132

burdock, 132

Burtynsky, Edward, 23–25

Bush, George W., 315

butterflies, 133, 166

Bygren, Lars Olov, 277–80

Byström, Joakim, 99

cadmium, 271

Café Trussardi, 82

California, 77, 117, 132

Callahan, Gerald N., 263

“Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness in Non-Human Animals, The,” 216

camels, 140

in war, 144, 145–46

Canada, 40, 43, 88, 124, 132, 266

Canada geese, 13, 135, 153, 194

Canadian rose, 39

Canadian War Museum, 82

cancer, 271, 316

cane beetles, 139

cane toads, 139

canning, 318

canola rapeseed, 153

Cape Town, South Africa, 78

carbon blade legs, 13

Carbon Capture Storage, 54

carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide levels, 34, 53

and acidification of oceans, 66

kelp’s ingestion of, 64

methods for pulling from air, 54

recent rise in, 36

Swedish lowering of, 99

urban gardens and, 74, 80

Carpenter, Rollo, 227

carpets, 87

cars, 87, 171, 191

cartilage, 244, 251

Case, Amber, 262

cats, 140, 146, 298

parasites of, 296–97

cattle, 194–95

Center for Nano Science and Technology, 183

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 298

Central Park, 78

Central Station, 96, 101

cerebral palsy, 253

Cerf, Vent, 202–4

Chamonix, France, 314

chatbots, 226–31

cheetahs, 132

chemputer, 237

Cher Ami (pigeon), 144–45

cherry tomatoes, 90

Chicago, Ill., 77, 78, 117

Chicago Botanic Gardens, 82

chicken coops, 88

childhood mortality, 13

Chile, 46, 99, 175

chimeras, 251, 262, 264–68

chimpanzees, 148, 216

China, 46, 88, 102, 124, 235

solar power in, 107

urban population of, 72

Chincoteague, 137–38

chipmunks, 126

chives, 90

chlorophyll, 53

chloroplasts, 291

Church, George, 151–52

cicadas, 41, 173–75

cilantro, 90

cingulate, 178

cities, 11, 13, 71–72

enviromental impact of, 72–73

growth of, 18–19, 72

limited species in, 113–14

nature vs., 112–17

population of, 72

as seen from space, 16–17, 18, 19

sky parks in, 77–78

City Hall, Chicago, 83

city parks, 83

clams, 57

Clarke, Ann, 157–67

Clarke, Bryan, 156–67

Cleverbot, 227–28

cliff swallows, 115–16

close work, 192

Clostridium difficile, 301–2

clouds, 12

coal, 21, 106

Coan, James, 178

cocaine, 298

cochlear implants, 253

cockatoos, 202

cod, 59–60

Cold War, 146

Collins, Francis, 289

colon disease, 302

Colorado, 40

compassion, 176

computers, 13, 87, 175, 187, 194, 197, 203, 211, 220, 222, 224, 226, 230, 256, 261, 270

condors, 132

consciousness, 200, 216, 217, 219, 228–29

cooking, 190

Copenhagen, 78

copper, 21

coral bells, 80–81

cordite, 153

corn, 71, 153

corncrakes, 133, 137

Cornell University, 209–25

corpus callosum, 177

cosmos, 125

cottontails, 129

cougars, 117

Council House 2 building, 94

courtly love, 190

cows, 71

coyotes, 117, 118

crabs, 138

“cradle to cradle,” 87

cranes, 124

Creative Machines Lab, 218, 223–24

creativity, 196

Crick, Francis, 274

crickets, 173–74

Cronin, Lee, 237

crops, 71

Crutzen, Paul, 9, 313

cucumbers, 89

cuneiform, 235

Curitiba, Brazil, 107

cyborg anthropology, 262

cyborg dragonflies, 146–47

cyborgs, 146–47, 251, 260, 262–63

daffodils, 125

Dakar, Senegal, 314

dandelions, 132

Dantuluri, Phani, 261

dark energy, 172

dark matter, 172

Darwin, Charles, 156, 268, 276

Dayak people, 107

day lilies, 125

deception, 219

Decker Yeadon, 92

deer, 133

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 146–47, 209, 225, 236, 256, 258–59

dengue fever, 302

Denmark, 101

depression, 196

Desertec, 106

diabetes, 301

diamondbacks, 118–19

dianthus, 125

Dietikon, Switzerland, 82

digoxin, 302

dinosaurs, 31, 154

Djairam, Dhiradj, 104, 105

DNA, 160, 263, 274–75, 278–79, 281, 282, 287

of extinct species, 151–52, 153–54, 160–63, 166–67

dodos, 163

dog roses, 132

dogs, 140, 144, 145–46, 147, 148, 149

dolphins, 147, 202, 204, 216

domestic animals, 11, 71, 140

Dominoni, Davide, 114

dopamine, 298

Dourada, Fazenda, 123

droughts, 41, 46

Duckworth, Tammy, 259, 260

dung beetles, 164

Dust Bowl, 41

Dutch Hunger Winter, 283

ears, 245–46

Earth:

as seen from air, 20–21

as seen from space, 16–18, 19, 305

Earthmasters: The Dawn of the Age of Climate Engineering (Hamilton), 314

Eastgate Centre, 92, 93–94

echolocation, 147

École Polytechnique de Montréal, 181

eczema, 301

Edison, Thomas, 191, 306

Edmonton Airport, 83

education, 286

Edwards, Andres, 88

Eggerthella lenta, 302

Eggleson, Kathleen, 183–84

eggs, 160–61, 279

Eisenberger, Naomi, 177

electricity, 76, 78, 91, 97, 99, 100–103, 104, 184–87, 191, 213

electronic campfires, 193

elements, 34–35

elephants, 202, 217

underpass for, 124

in war, 144, 145–46

Ellis, Erle, 126

Eloxochitl, 112

emotions, 214, 222–23

empathy, 190, 219, 228

Energy Department, U.S., 64

England, 132

English ivy, 132

EnsnAired, 98

Environmental Protection Agency, U.S., 86–87

epigenetics, 279–86

Estonia, 77

eucalyptus, 132

Eureqa machine, 219–20, 221

European badgers, 124

Eve (robot), 221

Everglades, 129, 130, 133, 315

evolution, 208, 211, 219, 224, 251, 276–77, 279

microbes’ effects on, 292–93

extinction, 12

of birds, 139

of Miami blue butterfly, 131

orangutans and, 27–28

of Partula, 156–59

of plants, 315

and resurrection of species, 151–52, 153–54, 161–63, 208

of trilobites, 29, 30

extinctions, great, 60, 154, 305

eyeglasses, 171

factories, 71

false indigoes, 125

famine, 276, 277, 285, 286

Fantastic Voyage, 181

farming fish, 60

Faroe Islands, 78

farsightedness, 192

fecal transplants, 302

Ferrer, Miguel, 136

ferrets, 132

fertilizers, 36, 64

fiber optics, 97

field mice, 134

fighting, 190

finches, 156

Finger Lakes, 31, 131

fire ants, 132

fireflies, 181

fishermen, 56–60

fleecy electricity, 35

Flegr, Jaroslav, 297

floods, 41

Florida, 117, 131

Florida rosy wolfsnail, 157

flounder, 65

food, 7

Forbes, 235

Forbidden City, 235

Ford Motor Company, 87–88

forests, 54

fossil fuels, 10, 34, 51, 307

fossils, 9, 29–30, 31, 32, 33–34, 35, 36, 43, 57

Fountainhead, The (Rand), 59

foxes, 129, 133, 134

foxgloves, 125

France, 72, 124, 296, 298

Frankenstein (Shelley), 212–13

Franklin, Rosalind, 274

Fraser, Bill, 135

frogs, 80, 125, 131, 132

Frozen Ark, 155, 160, 163–64

frozen food, 317

fruit flies, 293–95

fungi, 289-90, 300

G8 Summit, 315

Gabriel, Peter, 201–3

Galileo Galilei, 220

Galveston, Tex., 50

Gambia, 131

gardening, hydroponic, 83

gardens, 38–39

urban, 74

vertical, 79–85

Gardens by the Bay, 78

gas, 106

Gaudi, Antoni, 236

geckos, 180

genetic mutations, 277

Genghis Khan, 272–73, 274

geoengineering, 53–54

geographic change, 11

Geological Society of London, 9

Geological Survey, U.S., 299

geothermal warmth, 95

Germany, 72, 78, 83, 101, 124, 132, 298

solar panels in, 106–7

Gershenfeld, Neil, 202–3

gestures, 26–27

giraffes, 276

global consciousness, 18

global warming, 11, 38–42, 154, 307–8

agriculture and, 56

in Bangladesh, 51–53

and development of seas, 64–65

evidence of, 108

extreme weather and, 36–43, 314

fishermen and, 56–57

gardens affected by, 38–39

habitats rearranged by, 133–40

human rights and, 48

glowworms, 144

glucocorticoids, 283

golden eagles, 132

Golden Lion Tamarin Conservation Program, 123

golden toads, 162

Golding, William, 162

Google, 192, 210

Google Glass, 260–61

gophers, 115

gorgonian, 38

grains, 71

Grand Canyon, 126

granite, 58–59

GraphExeter, 184–85, 317

grasshoppers, 173–74

Grassy Key, 131

great apes, 202

great auks, 151

Great Depression, 108

Greece, 124

Green Apple concept car, 103

Green Belt Corridor, 124

greenhouses, 90

Greenland, 42

green mussels, 131

Green over Grey, 83

growing season, 42

Guam, 139, 157

Guam rail, 139

Guatemala, 88

Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn), 218

Gurdon, John, 150, 160

Gut Erlasee Solar Park, 106–7

Guthrie, Barton, 261

habitat loss, 154

Haiyan, Typhoon, 46

Hamilton, Clive, 314

Hansen, James, 314

Hansmeyer, Michael, 236

Harvard University, 235

Hastings, Battle of, 190

heart, 150, 239, 248, 249, 250–51, 281

heat, 41

heaters, 87

heat recycling, 95–108

Helm, Barbara, 114

Henri, Pascal, 84

herbs, 89

Hernandez, Isaias, 264–65

herons, 193–94

Heuchera plants, 80–81

High Line, 77

Hitler, Adolf, 273

hockey, 40

Holocene, 9

Homer, 262

Honda, 236

Hong Sun Hye, 102

horse chestnut trees, 153

Horse Island, 58

horses, 137–38, 140, 145–46

hostas, 125

Hudson River, 54–55

hulls, 91

human genome, 13

Human Genome Project, 270, 274, 282, 285, 289, 300

Human Microbiome Project, 289

human rights, global warming and, 48

humans:

as eusocial, 288

geographic expansion of, 10

geography changed by, 11

history of, 71

orangutan genes shared by, 3

population growth of, 10

technological changes to bodies of, 13

tools used by, 7, 9

humans, environmental effects of:

climate change, see global warming

and possibility of nuclear winter, 8–9

hummingbirds, 126

hunter-gatherers, 71

Huntington’s disease, 271

Hurricane Irene, 57

Hurricane Katrina, 46

hurricanes, 31, 41, 43, 55

Hurricane Sandy, see Sandy, Hurricane

hybrid cars, 100

Hyde Park, 142

hydroelectronic power, 100, 107

hydroponic gardening, 83, 89, 90

Icarus, 224

icebergs, 195–96, 197

Iceland, 77

ice packs, 41–42

iCub, 218–19

iGlasses, 261

igloos, 86

iguanas, 131

Ike Dike, 50

Iliad (Homer), 262

India, 88, 107, 132, 175

Indian mongoose, 132

Indonesia, 132, 313

induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS), 150–51, 160–63

industrial farming, 60

Industrial Revolution, 34, 106, 185–86, 232, 235, 267

Inheritors, The (Golding), 162

insects, 166

insulin pumps, 253

intelligence of plants, 205–7

International Union for Conservation of Nature, 313

Internet, 199–200, 235

Inuit, 86

invasive species, 132, 154

Iran, 147

Iraq War, 258

Ireland, 132

Irene, Hurricane, 57

irises, 125

iron fertilization, 53

Island of Dr. Moreau, The (Wells), 267–68

Israel, 76

Istanbul, Turkey, 78

Italy, 88, 107

Ithaa Restaurant, 76

Ivanpah, 106

Ivins, Molly, 206

Jaguar Corridor, 123

Jamaica Bay, 119

Jamaican fruit bats, 131

Japan, 88

industrial tourism in, 23

Japan beetles, 295

Japanese honeysuckle, 132

Jarrell, Randall, 45

jellyfish, 65, 181

Jernhusen, 96–97, 98

Jerusalem, 77

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 220

Jim River, Alaska, 40

Johansson, Klas, 96–97

Johns Hopkins University, 244

Jordan, Terry, 31–32

Jungle Waterfalls, 83

Kahn, Peter H., 196

Kalmar, Sweden, 99–100

kangaroo, 296

Kanzi (bonobo), 202

Katrina, Hurricane, 46

katydids, 173–74

Kawasaki, Japan, 23

Keating, Tim, 147

kelp, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63–64

biofuels from, 64

Kenya, 124

Khoshnevis, Behrokh, 235

Kidd, Captain, 58

kidney, 239

King, Ross, 221

Kiribati, 49

knapweed, 166

knife fish, 147–48

Knights of the Order of the Barrier, 51

koalas, 164

Kockums, 101

Kojo Moe (Ohyama), 23

Korup National Park, 126

krill, 134

Kublai Khan, 272

Kubrick, Stanley, 269

kudzu vine, 132

Kungsbrohuset office building, 96

Kurzweil, Ray, 181, 218

Lactobacillus johnsonii, 301

Lafferty, Kevin, 299

Lake Cayuga, 30–31

Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 276–77

Lammens, Kathy, 302

lampreys, 132

Lancet, 277, 278

landscapes, 22–23

manufactured, 23–25

language, 7, 10, 171, 191, 255, 303

of animals, 201–3

Language Research Center, 201–2

Larry (boa), 130

lead, 271

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), 88

Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 184

Lederberg, Joshua, 289

LED lights, 90, 103–4

Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van, 290

Leno, Jay, 235

leopards, 118

leucine, 179

Library of Congress, 59

lifespan, 13

lights, 17

Lincoln Memorial, 59

Lindholm, Bosse, 100

Linnaeus, Carl, 217

lions, 164, 273

Lipson, Hod, 208–25, 226–27, 229, 235, 247, 250

livers, 150, 248

Living Machines Conference, 218–19

local farms, 88

Lockheed Martin, 236

locusts, 41

London, 50–51

London Zoo, 159

Long Island Sound, 60

loosestrife, 132

Losiny Ostrov National Park, 78

lotusin, 91

Louisiana, 46

Louv, Richard, 196

lungs, 239, 248

Lyme disease, 121

Lyme ticks, 39

lynxes, 132

macaws, 164

Maeslantkering, 50

magnolias, 111–12

magpies, 217

Mail Online, 271

malaria, 302

Malaysia, 79

Maldives, 76–77

mallards, 117

Mall of America, 96

Mandarin Chinese, 281

mantis shrimp, 61

manufactured landscapes, 23–25

manufacturing, 12

mariculture, 56–67

pushback against, 64–65

marigolds, 90

marine transport pollution, 76

Marshall Islands, 314

marsh rabbits, 129

Marsico, Ron, 119

Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, 103–4

Masters, Jeff, 47

mastodons, 31

Mayflower, 132

McDonough, William, 87–88

McGill University, 282, 284

McKibben, Bill, 112

McMurdo Station, 88–90

Meaney, Michael, 282–84

Mecanoo, 104

medical ecology, 300

medicine, 7, 12–13

Medieval Warm Period, 43

Mehler, Mark, 282

memories, 255

Men Who Stare at Goats, The (Ronson), 146

Mercedes, 236

mercury, 271

Mesopotamia, 235

metal alloy teeth, 253

methylation, 281

Mexico, 88

Mexico City, 77, 82–83

mice, 302

Michigan, 132

microbes, 287–304

effects of, on humans, 292, 295–303

evolution affected by, 292–93

microbiome, 289

microscope, 290

microtia, 244–45

Milky Way, 176

Milton, John, 51, 212–13

mining, 11, 21, 24, 34

mitochondria, 291

Mitsuku, 317

Mohali, India, 99

moist shaded zones, 79

Mojave Desert, 22, 106

Mongolia, 132

monkeys, 146, 267

monk parakeets, 131

monkshoods, 125

monsoon season, 51, 53

Montaigne, Michel de, 63

Montana, 117

Mooallem, Jon, 139–40

moon, 306

Moorea, 158

moor frogs, 124

moose, 132

Moscow, 78

MOSE Project, 50

mosquitoes, 302

Motherwell, Robert, 218

Motley Fool, 235

multiple sclerosis, 301

Mumbai, 78

musk oxen, 132

mussels, 58, 60, 66, 78

mussel tissue, 91

Muybridge, Eadweard, 191

Nakamura, Makoto, 238

Naki’o, 256

Namibia, 180–81

nanobots, 181

Nano Impacts Intellectual Community, 183

nanoparticles, 182–83

nanotechnology, 179–87

nanotubes, 179

NASA, 204, 235, 305, 314

Nasheed, Mohamed, 76

National Academy of Science, 266–67

National Arbor Day Foundation, 38

National Institutes of Health (NIH), 285

national parks, 165

National Resources Defense Council, 316

National Zoo, 123

NATO, 237

Natural History of the Senses, A (Ackerman), 175

nature:

balance of, 132–33

romance with, 126–27

as term, 25, 111–27, 171–72, 309–10

Nature, 134

nature deficit disorder, 196–97

Nature Neuroscience, 282

Navigenics, 271

Navy, U.S., 145, 147

Nazis, 273–74

Neanderthals, 162, 178, 189, 263

nearsightedness, 192

Nelson Island, 48

Nemo, Blizzard, 58

Nestlé, 212

Netherlands, 101, 124, 132

Netherlands Antilles, 88

neural implants, 253

Nevada, 106

New Forest, 174–75

Newfoundland, 42

New Jersey, 46

New Mexico, 40

Newton, Isaac, 220

New York, 38, 46, 77

New York, N.Y., 55, 73

New York University, 197–98

night fiddlers, 172–73

Nile perch, 131

Nin, Anaïs, 186

nitrogen, 36

NOAA, 210

Norrbotten, Sweden, 275–76, 277–78, 280

North Africa, 106

North Carolina, 46

northern goshawks, 132

Northwest Passage, 135

Norway, 101, 124, 132

Norway maples, 132

nuclear bomb, 191

nuclear power, 22, 100

nuclear winter, 8, 9

Obama, Barack, 177

Obama administration, 233

obesity, 196

ocean, acidification of, 65, 66, 154

octopuses, 202, 216

Ohio, 77

Ohyama, Ken, 23

oil, 99, 106

oil refineries, 22

oil spills, 300

Oman, 132

1D farming, see mariculture

Operation Acoustic Kitty, 146

Operation Migration, 139–40

opossums, 129

Orangutan Awareness program, 28

Orangutan Outreach, 5, 6, 313

orangutans, 3–7, 25–28, 132, 216, 217, 231, 296

human genes shared by, 3

impending extinction of, 27–28, 313

solitary lives of, 4

tool use by, 5

orca whales, 135, 144

orchids, 206

Orff, Kate, 55

organic fertilizer, 64

Organovo, 238–39

Ornstein, Len, 54

Orthopets, 256

Oshkosh Airshow, 187

osteoarthritis, 248

otters, 124

Outer Island, 58

ovarian cancer, 281–82

Överkalix, Sweden, 279–80

oxen, 140

oxeye daisies, 132

oxygen, 41, 53

oysters, 54–55, 56, 57, 60, 61–63

Ozawa, Masakatsu, 23

P-52 (python), 128

pacemakers, 253

Panbanisha (bonobo), 201–2, 203

pancreas, 281

pansies, 90

Papua New Guinea, 72

Paradise Lost (Milton), 212–13

Paris, 95–96

Paris Habitat, 96

Parkinson’s disease, 253, 295

parks, 73–74, 78

parrots, 202

parsley, 89

Partula, 156–59

passenger pigeons, 151–52

Pasteur, Louis, 290

Patagonia National Park, 99

pathogens, 290

peacock feathers, 91

Pearce, Mick, 93–94

Pembrey, Marcus, 279, 281

penguins, 134–35

peonies, 125

People’s Daily, 146

peppers, 89

peregrine falcons, 132

periwinkles, 61–62

permafrost, 48

personality, 200, 214, 216–17, 222–23, 229, 253, 292, 297, 299, 303–4, 307

Peru, 77

pesticides, 153, 166

pets, 149–50

Pettit, Don, 16

Phelps, Michael, 258

phenotypic elasticity, 249–50

Philippines, 46

photonic clusters, 35

phytoplankton, 61

piezoelectricity, 317

pigeons, 140, 142, 144, 145–46

pigs, 71

in war, 146

Pistorius, Oscar, 258, 260

Plan Bee, 166

planes, 171, 191

planets, 220–21

Planets, The: A Cosmic Pastoral (Ackerman), 220

plankton, 134–35

PlantLab, 90

plants:

in cities, 79–85

texting by, 205–7

plastic stents, 253

Pleistocene Park, 151

Pliocene, 29

PLOS ONE, 271

pneumonia, 183

Poland, 78, 132, 273

polar bears, 134

polar molecules, 35

polar T3, 90

pollution, 154

marine transport, 76

Polo, Marco, 272

polymer teeth, 253

Polynesia, 156, 157

Ponce, Brent, 260–61

ponies, 137–38

Pons, Lily, 264

poppies, 125

population growth, 10

Porter, Eliot, 25

poverty, 285, 286

Power Felt, 185

prairie dogs, 131

presence, 199

Price of Freedom: Americans at War exhibit, 145

probiotics, 300

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 129

produce, 89

Project Orcon, 145

Project Pigeon, 145

Project X-Ray, 145

proprioception, 175–76

prosthetics, 256–58

protein, 190

protozoans, 172, 289–90, 300

Przewalski’s horses, 132

Puerto Rico, 175

Puppe (orangutan), 26–27

purple finch, 137

pyrolysis technology, 76

pythons, 128–31, 133, 140, 315

Quai Branly Museum, 80–82, 84–85

quarries, 24

quasi-crystal, 34

rabbits, 126, 129, 133

rabies, 298

racoons, 129

rail trails, 77

rainforests, 79

rains, 41

Raison, Charles, 300–301

Rambuteau subway station, 95–96

Rand, Ayn, 59

rats, 282–83, 296

reading, 191–92

Reconciliation Ecology, 74

recycling, 52, 74, 78, 87, 88, 90

heat, 95–108

red clover, 166

Red Delicious, 137

red foxes, 153

red kites, 132

Red Sea Star Restaurant, 76

reef death, 36–37

refrigerators, 87

regenerative medicine, 244

Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 254–55

reindeer, 132

Reiss, Diana, 202, 204

religion, 176

Relman, David, 300

Renaissance, 190

Renault, 83

renewable energy, 307

restaurant rooftop farms, 88

retinas, 253

Revolutionizing Prosthetics program, 258–59

Rezwan, Mohammed, 52–53

rhododendrons, 125

rice, 71

Rice Plant Conservation Science Center, 82

Rig Veda, 257

RinkWatch.org, 40, 314

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 78

Ripasso Energy, 100–101, 106

roadkill, 115–16

robomoths, 146–47

RobotCub Consortium, 218–19

robot fleas, 148

robotic evolution, 210, 213, 224–25

robots, 210–25

rocketships, 171

rock strata, 31, 35

roe deer, 124

Romania, 78, 124

Romans, 185

Rome, 267

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 145

rosemary, 90

Rosenzweig, Michael, 74

roses, 125

Rotterdam, Netherlands, 77

Royal Botanic Gardens, 118

Rwanda, 46

Ryu Chan Hyeon, 102

saber-tooth tigers, 162, 163

Sagan, Carl, 220

sage, 125

Sahara Desert, 54

Sahel, 46

St. John’s wort, 132

St. Luke’s Hospital, 78

Salem witch trials, 207

salmon, 60, 65

salt deposits, 31

sandhill cranes, 161

San Diego Zoo, 151

sand mandala, 174–75

Sandy, Hurricane, 31, 43, 44–47

oyster beds smothered by, 57

Sanjay Gandhi National Park, 78

Santiago, 77

Sapolsky, Robert, 298

Sapsucker Woods Bird Sanctuary, 193–94

scallops, 57, 60

schizophrenia, 176, 282, 285

science, 11

scientific reasoning, 219–20

Scotland, 132

Scots pine, 132

Scripps Research Institute, 151

sea grapes, 61

sea levels, 32, 41, 51

sea lions, 144, 147

Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), 175

sea squirt, 61

seaweed, 61

sediment, 31–32

sedum, 83, 87–88

self-awareness, 216–17, 219

self-cleaning clothes, 181

sensory overload, 197

Seoul, 192

sepsis, 183

Serengeti, 126

Seurat, Georges, 246

sex, biology of, 293–96

Shakespeare, William, 259

Shanghai, China, 192

sharks, 147

Shark Valley, 129, 315

sheep, 71, 267

Shelley, Mary, 212–13

shellfish, 60

Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha, 52

Shostak, Seth, 175

shrews, 115

shrikes, 74

Siberia, 161

Siju-Rewak Coridor, 124

silicon retinas, 13

silver, 182–83

Singapore, 78

singing, 93

Sinhyung Cho, 102

skin, 257

Skinner, B. F., 145

sky parks, 77–78

skyskrapers, 24

Smit, Johan, 104

Smith, Bren, 56–67

Smith, David, 291

Smithsonian, 235

Smithsonian National Museum of American History, 145

snails, 61, 156, 157–60, 163

snowfall, 41

snow leopards, 164

social media, 190, 235

social pain, 177

Soda Cell, 100

solar power, 51–52, 83, 100, 105–7

solar water farming, 52

sonar, 316

Songdo, South Korea, 230

South Carolina, 46

Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 102

South Korea, 72

Space Exploration Vehicle, 235

Space Station, 16

space travel, 15–16

Spain, 78, 124

spas, 185

Speak, Memory (Nabokov), 218

Spears, Britney, 129–30

sperm, 160–61, 279

Spielberg, Steven, 142

spinach, 89

Spitsbergen, 154–55

squids, 164

squirrel monkeys, 131

squirrels, 126

Stahel, Walter R., 87

Stanley Park, 78

starlings, 153, 165–66

Star Trek, 232, 253, 260

Statue of Liberty, 59

steam engine, 34

Steel Pier, 47

stem cells, 13, 150

Stockholm, 96–97

Stoermer, Eugene, 313

stomata, 91

Stony Creek harbor, 56–57, 66–67

storks, 124

Strauss, Richard, 269

suburban sprawl, 116

succulents, 83

sugar, 239

Suharto, 313

sulfur, 99

Summit, Scott, 236–37

sustainability, popularity of, 108

Sustainability Revolution, The (Edwards), 88

Svalbard Global Seed Vault, 154–55

Svensson, Tore, 101

Sweden, 96–97, 98–101, 106, 132

Swiss chard, 89, 90

Switzerland, 78, 132

swordfish, 65

sycamores, 111, 113

SyNAPSE, 256, 318

Taft, William Howard, 58

Tahiti, 159

Taiwan, 83

Taliban, 146

Tasmanian devils, 151, 164

taste, 211–12

Taylor, Robert, 89

technical nutrients, 87

technology, 10, 13–14

nature and, 188–200

Technology University, 104

Teitiota, Ioane, 49

Tel Aviv University, 293

telekenesis, 203

telephones, 171

telescopes, 171

televisions, 87, 191

temperate zones, 80

Tennessee, 46

termites, 92–93

Texas, 41

texting, 190

by plants, 205–7

Thailand, 79, 180

Thames Barrier, 50–51

theory of mind, 216–17, 218–19

Thimble Islands, 58

Thimble Island Salts, 62

“Thousand Dreams of Stellavista, The” (Ballard), 231

3D printing, 232–39, 244

Three Gorges Dam, 101

Thumb, Tom, 58

Thus Spake Zarathustra, 269–70

thyme, 90

Tiananmen Square, 271

tiger mosquitos, 132

time-rock, 32–33

titanium dioxide, 181

toads, 125

Tohoku, 46

Tokyo, 78

tomatoes, 89

Tom Jones (film), 294

Tonga, 158

tools, 171

human use of, 7, 9

orangutan use of, 5

tornadoes, 41

Toronto, Canada, 78

touch, 178

“Town Mouse and the Country Mouse, The” (Aesop), 115

Toxoplasma gondii, 296–99

trains, 102

transparent aluminum, 34

tree lizards, 80

trees, 83

trilobites, 29–30

trumpeter swans, 135

tube worms, 37–38

TU Delft, 104, 105

tuna, 65

Tushi, 272

Tuvalu, 48–49

23andMe, 271

twins, 282

Twitter, 317

2001: A Space Odyssey (film), 269–70

Tybee Island Ocean Rescue, 65

typewriter, 191

typhoons, 46

Uganda, 72

United Kingdom, 83, 298

cities in, 72

United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 99

United Nations Panel on Climate Change, 41–42

United States, 83

urban beekeeping, 88

urban eyes, 192

urbanization, 154

U.S. Hardiness Zone Map, 38

Vancouver, Canada, 78

Vawter, Zac, 254–55

vegetable gardens, urban, 74

Venice, Italy, 50

veronicas, 125

vertical farming, 74

in sea,

see

mariculture

vervet monkeys, 131

Viking, 220

Vikings, 42

violence, 286

Viridity Energy, 102

Virtual Dissection, 197

Virtual Interactive Presence in Augmented Reality, 261

viruses, 172, 289–90

vitamin D, 192

volcanic archipelagos, 157–58

voles, 115

Voronoff, Serge, 264

Voyager, 220

Wade, Chris, 157–67

Wageningen UR, 104

Wake Forest, 185

Wakodahatchee Wetlands, 75–76

walking, 259–60

walls, 92

walruses, 134

war, 141–48, 285

War Horse, 141–42

Warner, Sabrina, 47–48

Washington State University, 238

water lettuce, 132

water moccasins, 117–18

water purification, 74–75

water-purifying tea bags, 181

Watson, James, 274

waxbills, 79

Wells, H. G., 267–68

West, American, 165

West Africa, 151

West Nile virus, 134, 302

Weston, Edward, 25

West Virginia, 46

whale fins, 91

wheat, 71

white rhinoceros, 164

white storks, 13

white-tailed deer, 119–21, 126, 129

white-tailed eagles, 124

Whitman, Walt, 184

Whole Earth Catalog, The (Brand), 150

Whole Earth Discipline, The (Brand), 150

wild boars, 124, 131

wildfires, 40–41, 46

wild fishing, 60

wildlife corridors, 83

Wild Ones (Mooallem), 139–40

Wilfrid Laurier University, 40

William the Conqueror, 190

Willis Tower, 254

Wilson, E. O., 10

windows, 196–97

wind power, 83, 92, 100, 102, 103–5

Windstalk, 103–4

“Wind Tunnel,” 102

wind turbines, 104–5

Win-Win Ecology (Rosenzweig), 74

Wizard of Oz, The (film), 146

Wolbachia, 302

wolves, 132

wombats, 164

women, invention and, 191

women’s rights, 191

wood, 106

woodpeckers, 125–26

woolly mammoths, 151

proposed repopulation of, 161–63

Wordsworth, William, 259

World War I, 142–44, 153

World War II, 60–61, 153, 273

writing, 11, 171, 191, 255

Wuppertal, Germany, 78

Xi, Zhiyong, 302

Yamanaka, Shinya, 150, 160

yellow fever, 302

Yellowstone National Park, 126, 132

Youth Climate Leaders Network, 65

Yup’ik Eskimos, 47–48

Zanjani, Esmail, 267

zebra mussels, 131

Zilber-Rosenberg, Ilana, 293

Zimmerman, Richard, 6