The Last Tsar: Emperor Michael II

MA = Michael

NS= Natasha

MA’ s diary — Michael’s diary 1915-1918

N = Nicholas II (letters) or in ‘N’s diary’

AF = Empress Alexandra

DE = Dowager Empress Marie Federovna

GAPO = State Archive Perm District

GARF = State Archive, Russian Federation, Moscow

LRA = Leeds Russian Archive, University of Leeds

PRO = Public Record Office, London

RA = Royal Archives, Windsor

Vienna SLA = Wiener Stadt-und Landsarchiv

Dates are according to Russian calendar, unless shown in italics

1. Love and Duty

1. Vassili, p 105

2. Alexander, Once a Grand Duke, p 78

3. Witte, Memoirs p 19

4. Alexander, p 80

5. Ibid p 168-9

6. Nicholas II, Journal Intime. (hereafter N’s diary) p 125

7. Vassili, p 105

8. Alexander p 161

9. Nicholas of Greece, p 181

10. Polovtsov, pp 126-7

11. Melgunov, p 229

12. Mossolov, p 95

13. Ibid

14. Grand Duke Konstantin K’s diary, February 26, 1904, cited Maylunas/Mironenko p 240

15. Dillon, p 41

16. Buxhoeveden, p 92

17. Mossolov, p 33

18. Witte, p 194

19. Ibid

20. Chavchavadze, p 107, Radziwill, Secrets, pp 44-6

21. Sullivan, p 181

22. Gelardi, pp 91-3.115

23. Chavchavadze, p 235

24. Ibid, 242

25. Radziwill, Secrets, p 60

26. Ibid, pp 69-70; Chavchavadze, p128

27. Kleinmichel, pp 66-8

28. N to DE , October 20, 1902, p 170

29. Vorres, p 115

30. Observer, London, October 7, 1906. The story also appeared in The Sunday Times, and Reynold News, London.

31. The Times, London, November 5, 1908

2. A Scandalous Exile

1. State Archive of the Moscow Region, f. 2170-8-1-64;.Vsya Moskva; Moscow Historical Archive, f.179-24-237-15

2. Natasha’s father was still registered as living in the Vozdvizhenka apartment eighteen years later in 1924

3. 13. MA to NS, November 3, 1909, GARF 622/12

4. MA to NS, July 28, 1909, GARF 622/09

5. Letter to Natasha’s granddaughter Pauline Gray, December 17, 1973, LRA MS 1363/136

6. Trubetskoi, 4, p 110

7. NS to MA, August 8, 1911, GARF 668/76

8. Radziwill, Secrets, p 92

9. Trubetskoi 4, p 110

10. Ibid

11. Majolier, p 35

12. Trubetskoi, 4, p 117

13. Okhrana report, September 6,1911, cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 345

14. Ibid, December 17, 1912, pp 364-5

15. MA to N, October 6, 1912, GARF 601/1301

16. MA to N, October 14, 1912, GARF ibid

17. St Savva marriage register, No 35, 1912, Vienna SLA

18. Paléologue, February 10, 1916, Vol II, p 172

19. Marriage register, Vienna SLA

20. Ibid

21. Ibid

22. Okhrana Paris report December 17, 1912, cited Maylunas/Mironenko pp 364-5

23. N to DE, November 21, 1912 cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 363

24. N to DE November 7 1912, Letters, p 283-4

25. Ibid

26. The ten-point memorandum is undated andunsigned, but was clearly written in early November 1912; Fredericks was the court minister responsible for matters relating to the Grand Dukes. GARF 601/1301 f.175-6

27. MA to N, November 16, 1912, GARF 601/1301. MA’s ‘terms’ were attached to this letter.

28. N to DE, November 21, 1912, Letters, p 285

29. George V to N, December 16, 1912, cited Maylunas/Mironenko p 363

30. British ambassador to Sir Edward Grey, January 16, 1913, PRO/FO 371/1743

31. Ibid

32. Ibid January 4, 1913

33. Ibid January 16, 1913

34. Mossolov, p 65

35. Radziwill, Secrets, p 94

36. MA to N, November 1, 1912, GARF 601/1301

37. Majolier, p 81

38. MA to N, April 23, 1914, f. ibid

39. Polovtsov, p 115

40. Natasha’s documents, LRA 1363/72

41. Majolier, p 46

3. A Brief Peace

1. Vorres, p 64

2. Queen Victoria’s Journal, October 8, 1899, RA

3. Majolier, p 82

4. Xenia’s diary July 12, 1913, cited Maylunas/Mironenko p 379

5. Ibid

6. Ibid

7. DE to N, July 27, 1913, Letters, pp 287-8

8. Knebworth House archive

9. Majolier, p 43

10. MA to N, March 8, 1914, f. ibid

11. MA accounts, 1914-1916, Paddockhurst Estate Office

12. Chavchavadze, p 178

13. George V to N, 6, 1912, GARF 601

14. The Times, London, December 30, 1913, January 10, 1914, May 13,1 1914.

15. Natasha continued to use her coronet notepaper when she returned to Russia, notwithstanding that she had no title.GARF 668/77-8

16. The Times, London, January 10, 1914

17. Ibid, December 2, 1913

18. On May 9, 1914, LRA 1363/39

19. May 19, 1914, ibid

20. Ibid, 1363/386

21. Majolier, p 47

22. Gray, p 38

23 The Times, London, July17, 1914

24 Majolier, p 49

25. Ibid, p 42

26. George V’s diary, RA, although for security reasons the departure was not recorded in the Court Circular until August 20, 1914

27. Yousoupoff, Lost Splendour, p 180

28. Poutiatine

29. Majolier, p 53

4. War Hero

1. The Times, London, January 17, 1913

2. Lincoln, p 76

3. Ibid, p 83

4. Kournakoff, p 55

5. Polovtsov, p 115

6. Ibid, p 127

7. Kournakoff, p 80

8. Polovtssov, pp 116-7

9. Kournakoff, p 55

10. Polovtsov, pp 126-7

11. Paléologue, Vol 1 p 302

12. N to AF, Letters, October 27, 1914, p 10

13. Polovtsov, p 138

14. Paléologue, February 10, 1916. Vol II p 172

15. MA to N, November 15, 1914, GARF 601/1301

16. Polovtsov, p 134

17. Ibid, p 132

18. Poutiatine

19. MA’s Diary, January 2, 1915

20. MA to NS, January 16, 1915, GARF 622/20

21. Ibid January 15, 1915

22. Ibid, January 20, 1915

23. Ibid, January 22, 1915

24. N to AF, November 19, 1914, p 14

25. MA to NS, January 22, 1915, GARF 622/20

26. Ibid, February 16, 1915

27. Ibid, February 4, 1915

28. Ibid, January 22, 1915

29. MA’s Diary, January 21-2, 1915

30. Ibid, February 9, 1915

31. MA to NS, February 16, 1915, GARF 668/78

32. Polovtsov, p 135

33. Ibid, p 138

34. Fund of the Imperial Russian Cavalry, Hoover Institution archives

35. Krylov, ‘Istoricheskie miniatyury’, Moskva, Moscow, 3, 1990

36. Radziwill, Secrets, p 96

37. Alexander, p 303

38. Polovtsov, p 138

39. Gushchik, pp 12-13

40. Ibid, pp 28-9

41. MA’s diary, April 17, 1915

42. N to AF, March 3, 1915, p.32

43. AF to N, Letters, p 54

44. MA to N, March 14, 1915, f. ibid

45. Imperial ukase of March 26, 1915, cited Jaques Ferrand, Il est toujours des Romanov! Paris, 1995, p 25

46. MA’s Diary, April 10, 1915

5. Alexandra the Great

1. MA’s Diary, April 19, 1915

2. NS to MA, June 10, 1915, GARF 668/78

3. MA to NS, June 14, 1915, GARF 622/20

4. Ibid, June 20, 1915

5. NS to MA, June 10, 1915, NS f. ibid

6. MA to NS, April 7, 1915, MA f. ibid

7. Washburn, pp 261-2

8. MA to NS, June 10,1915, f. ibid

9. NS to MA, June 20,1915, f. ibid

10. MA to NS, June 5, 1915, f. ibid

11. MA’s Diary, July 30, 1915

12. Ibid, August 7, 15, 1915

13. MA to NS, June 20, 1915, f. ibid

14. Grand Duke Andrew’s diary, cited Golder (ed) p 239

15. Knox, p 332

16. Paléologue, August 17, 1915, Vol II, p 60

17. Brusilov, p.180

18. AF to N, August 22, 1915, p 14

19. N to AF, August 25, 1915, pp 71-2

20. AF to N, August 28, 1915, p 125

21. Vyrubova, p 100

22. Grand Duke Konstantin’s diary, August 25, 1902, cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 219

23. Xenia’s diary, August 29, 1902, ibid, p 217

24. Paléologue, October 12, 1915, Vol I, p 83

25. Bruce Lockhart, pp 128-9

26. Knox, p 334

27. Paléologue, April 27, 1915, Vol 1 pp 333-4

28. Grand Duke Andrew’s diary, cited Golder, p 240

29. Ibid

30. Paléologue, September 2, 1915, Vol II, pp 66-67

31. Buchanan, p 238

32. N to AF, August 25, 1915, p 72

33. Ibid, August 26, 1915, p 73

34. Ibid, August 27, 1915, p 74

35. AF to N, August 31, 1915, p 132

36. Ibid, September 6,1915, p 143

37. N to AF, September 11, 1915, p 87

38. Ibid, September 14, 1915, p 89

39. AF to N, September 16, 1915, p 168

40. Ibid, September 11, 1915, p 158

41. N to F, September 17, 1915, pp 90-1

42. AF to N, September 9, 1915, p 153

43. Paléologue, June 15, 1915, Vol II. pp 13-14

44. AF to N, June 25, 1915, p 110

45. Ibid, August 30, 1915, p 131

46. Lincoln, p 159

47. AF to N, September 11,1915, p157

48. Ibid, September 12, 1915, p 159

49. Ibid, September 14, 1915, p 168

50. N to AF, September 16, 1915, p 90

51. AF to N, September 17, 1915, p 176

6. Rival Courts

1. Majolier, p 84

2. Gushchik, p 44

3. Ibid, p 29

4. Majolier, p 83

5. Gushchik, p44

6. Abrikossow, p 234

7. MA Diary, October-December 1915

8. NS to MA, December 10, 1914, GARF 668/77

9. Dimitri to NS, January 20, 1916, GARF 622/28

10. MA’s Diary, October 18, 1915

11. Ibid, August 10, 1915

12. Ibid, October 18/November 25, 1915

13. Paléologue, February 10, 1915, Vol II, p 173

14. Abrikossow, p 235

15. Ibid, p 234

16. Kerensky, Memoirs, p 143

17. Ibid, p 147

18. Abrikossow, p 236

19. Ibid p 233

20. Bruce Lockhart, p 160

21. Abrikossow, p 237

22. AF to N, January 7, 1916, p 256

23. Paléologue, February 6, 1916, Vol II, p 166

24. Rodzyanko, Rasputin, p 175

25. Paléologue, September 15, 1915, Vol II, p 74

26. Ibid, February 22, 1916, p 188

27. MA’s Diary, February 9, 1916

28. Rodzyanko, Rasputin, p 177-8

29. Ibid

30. MA’s Diary, February 9, 1916

31. AF to N, February 5, 1916, p 276

7. War on Two Fronts

1. Knox, p 435

2. MA’s diary, December 11-27, 1915

3. NS to MA, February 29, 1916, GARF 668/79

4. Ibid, May 9, 1916

5. Ibid, July 1, 1916

6. Ibid, March 11, 1916

7. Ibid, June 20, 1916

8. Ibid, July 9, 1916

9. Paléologue, February 10, 1916, Vol II, p 171

10. Ibid

11. NS to MA, July 16, 1916, f. ibid

12. MA to NS, August 5, 1916, GARF 622/21

13. NS to MA, March 21, 1916, f. ibid

14. Ibid, March 25/March 11, 1916

15. MA to NS, March 20, 1916, f. ibid

16. NS to MA, July 19, 1916, f. ibid

17. Ibid

18. MA to NS, August 2, 1916, f. ibid

19. MA’s diary, June 29, 1916

20. MA to NS, June 23, 1916, f. ibid

21. Brusilov, cited Lincoln, p 255

22. MA’s diary, December 1, 1916; the award was made on November 23, citation Fund for the Museum of Russian Cavalry, Hoover Institution archive

23. MA’s diary, August 23, 1916

24. Ibid, September 2, 1916

25. N to AF, April 4, 1916, p 166

26. AF to N, May 25, 1916, p 339

27. Ibid, September 13, 1916, p 398

28. MA’s diary, September 30, 1916

29. MA to N, November 11, 1916, GARF 601/1301

8. Murder Most Fair

1. AF to N, March 12, 1916, p 297

2. Knox, p 412

3. Sazonov, p 292

4. MA to NS, July 20, 1916, GARF 622/21

5. Grand Duke George Mikhailovich to N, November 24, 1916, cited Golder, p 248

6. Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich to N, November 1, 1916, cited Golder pp 244-5

7. AF to N, November 4, 1916, Letters p 433

8. Yousoupoff, p 187

9. Ibid p 199

10. Ibid p 211

11. Paléologue, November 19, 1916, Vol III, p 96

12. Yousoupoff, p 205

13. Ibid, p 212

14. Ibid, p 223

15. Buchanan, Meriel, p 147

16. Yousoupoff, p 230

17. Ibid, p 232

18. Pares, p 408

19. Paléologue, December 30, 1916, Vol III, p 131

20. Yousoupoff, p 242

21. Ibid, p 245

22. Paléologue, January 3, 1916, Vol III, p 136

23. Pares, p 410

24. MA’s diary, December 19, 1916

25. Poutiatine

26. AF to N, August 16, 1916, p 383

27. Dimitri to NS, January 16, 1917, GARF 622/28

28. Ibid, February 6, 1916

9. Palace Plotters

1. Pares, p 416

2. Paléologue, January 12, 1917. Vol III p 162

3. Ibid, January 9, 1917, p 157

4. Paley, p 38; Marie, p 279

5. Paléologue, January 152, 1917. Vol III p 167

6. Ibid, January 21, 1917, pp 170-1

7. Rodzyanko, Rasputin, pp 246-7

8. Buchanan, Vol II, p 43

9. Knox, p 515

10. Rodzyanko, Rasputin, pp 248-50; Memoirs, cited Golder,pp 117-8

11. Mme Rodzyanko to Prince Yusopov’s mother, January 7, 1917, cited Vulliamy (ed) p 122

12. Rodzyanko, Rasputin, pp 253-4; Memoirs,pp 118-9

13. MA’s diary, January 29. 1917

14. Ibid, January 28-9, 1917

15. Brusilov, pp 287-8

16. Ibid

17. MA’s diary, January 29. 1917

18. Sttankevich, p 31

19. AF to N, September 2, 1915, p 135

20. Paléologue, April 2, 1916, Vol II, p 227

21. Guchkov, p 205

22. Ibid, p206

23. Ibid

24. Pipes, p 269; Katkov, p 277

25. Rodzyanko, pp 244-5

26. Pares, p 428

10. ‘Make Yourself Regent’

1. Alexander, p 312

2. Vyrubova,, cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 530

3. Alexander, p 316

4. Rodzyanko, Rasputin, p 259

5. Ibid, p 260

6. Sandro to his brother Bimbo, February 14, 1917, cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 530

7. AF to N, February 22, 1917, cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 536

8. N to AF, February 23, 1917, ibid, 537

9. MA’s diary, February 25, 1917

10. Buranov/Khrustalev. Doc. 7, p 34

11. MA’s diary, February 26, 1917

12. Okhrana report, February 24, 1917, Steinberg/Khrustalev, Doc 9, pp 36-7

13. Rodzyanko to N, February 26, 1917, ibid, Doc 11, p 40

14. Pares, p 443

15. Knox, p 516

16. Pares, p. 444

17. MA’s diary, February 27, 1917

18. AF to N, February 26, 1917, GARF 601/115

19. N to AF, February 26, 1917, GARF 601/115

20. Ibid, February 26,7, 1917

21. Belyaev to N, Febuary 27, 1917, cited Steinberg/Khrustalev, Doc 9, p 81

22. Pares, p 441, Buranov/Khrustalev, 15, p 42

23. Shulgin, Dni, p 178-9

24. Ibid, p 171

25. Matveev’s diary, February 27, 1917

26. MA’ diary, February 27, 1917

27. Pares, p 451

28. MA’s diary, February 27, 1917

29. Rodzyanko, cited Buranov/Khrustalev, 17, p 42

30. Ibid

31. Milyukov, Vospominaniya, Vol II, p 275

32. MA to General Alekseev, Buranov/Khrustalev, 72, p 86-7

33. Ibid

34. Ibid

35. MA’s diary, February 27, 1917

36. N to Prince Golitsin, February 27, 1917, GARF 601/2089

37. MA’s diary, February 27, 1917

38. Ibid

39. Ibid

40. Poutiatine

11. Address Unknown

1. Karkov, p 310

2. Nz’s diary, February 28, 1917, cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 541

3. Gen. Alekseev to Pskov,,February 27, 1917, Buronov/Khrustalev, 70, p 85

4. Ibid, February 28,1917, 73, p 89

5. N to AF, telegram, February 28, 1917, GARF 640/108

6. Pares, p 456

7. Dehn, p172

8. Benckendorff, pp 2-3

9. Ibid, pp 14-15

10. Buxhoeveden, p 255

11. Dehn, p 156

12. Katkov, p 312

13. Pares, p 459

14. N’s diary, March 1,1917 cited Maylunas/Mironenko, p 541

15. Vyrubova, p 209, Bykov, p 32

16. Nabokov, p 45-6

17. Shulgin, pp 170-1

18. Ibid, 189-91, Pares, p 454

19. Kerensky, Catastrophe, pp 36-7

20. Ibid, p 21

21. Nabokov, p 43

22. MA’s diary, February 28, 1917

23. Izvestia, No 3 March 1, 1917, BuranovKhrustalev Doc 31, p 52

24. Paléologue, March 13, 1917, Vol III, pp 229-30

25. Kschessinska, p 164

26. Buchanan, Meriel, p 168

27. MA’s diary, February 28, 1917

28. Poutiatine

29. Matveev’s Diary, March 1, 1917

30. MA to NS, February 28, 1917, GARF 622/22

31. Grand Duke’s manifesto, March 1, 1917, GARF 5881/36732.

32. AF to N, March 2, 1917, Steinberg/Khrustalev, Doc 24, p 94

33. MA to NS, March 1, 1917, GARF 622/22

34. Buchanan to Foreign Office, London, March 14, 1917, PRO/FO 371/2459

35. Buchanan, Vol II, p 68

36. Kerensky, Murder, p 88

37. Paléologue, March 3/22, 1917 Vol III, p 259

38. Polovtsov, pp 151-2

39. Cyril, p 209

40. Grand Duke Paul to Kirill, March 2, 1917, Paley, pp 55-6

41. Kirill to Paul, ibid, p 56

42. Gen. Dubensky, cited Lincoln p 337

43. Shulgin, p 269

44. BuranovKhrustalev Doc 89, p 102

45. Rodzyanko to Ruzsky, March 2, 1917, ibid, Doc 78, pp 92-3

12. Poisoning the Chalice

1. Alekseev to Pskov, March 2, 1917, Buranov/Khrustalev, Doc 79, p 94

2. Alekseev to army commanders, March 2, 1917, ibid Doc 80, p 94

3. Ruzsky, cited Lincoln, p 340

4. Grand Duchess George, Memoirs, p 182

5. Alekseev to N, March 2, 1917, GARF 601/2100, cited Steinberg/Khrustalev, Doc 20, pp 89-90

6. Lincoln, p 341

7. N to Rodzyanko, March 2, 1917, Buranov/Khrustalev, Doc 86a, p 98

8. Ruzsky, cited ibid, Doc 89, p 103

9. Ibid

10. Lincoln, p 341

11. George V’s diary, March 15, 1917, RA

12. MA’s diary, March 1, 1917

13. Alexander, p 168, Chavchavadze p 173

14. Paléologue, Vol III, mutiny 2nd Brigade, September 1, 1916, p 17; Petrograd mutiny, October 16, November 9, 1916, pp 74-5, p 83

15. Sukhanov, p 116

16. Ibid, pp 120-2; Milyukov, p 34

17. Sukhanov, p 122

18. Ibid, pp 153-4

19. Ibid, pp 154

20. Ibid, p 155

13. ‘A Father’s Feelings’

1. Shulgin, pp 238-9

2. Ibid, pp 266-7

3. Ibid

4. Ibid

5. Guchkov, GARF 601/2099. cited Steinberg/Khrustalev, Doc 25, p 97

6. Nicholas, ibid

7. Mossolov, p 124; Benckendorff, p 46

8. Gen Boldyrev, p 198

9. Protocol of talks, Steinberg/Khrustalev, Doc 25, p 97

10. Katkov, p 343

11. Gen. Dubensky, cited Lincoln, p 344

12. N’s diary, March 2, 1917; Pipes p 469

13. Milyukov, Revolution, p 36

14. Ibid, p 37

15. Kerensky, p 214

16. Ibid

17. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 67

18. Rodzyanko to Ruzsky, March 3, 1917, Buranov/Khrustalev, Doc 95, 110-11

19. Alekseev to army commanders, March 3, 1917, ibid, Doc 97, pp 112-3

20. Matveev’s diary, March 3, 1917

14. Emperor Michael

1. Melgunov, p 230

2. Marie, p 230

3. Cantacuzène, p 122

4. Almedingen, p 195

5. Ibid

6. Shulgin, Dni, pp 263-4

7. Ibid, p 265; Bykov p 27

8. Ibid, pp 266-9

9. Nabokov, p 46

10. Matveev’s Diary, March 3, 1917

11. Paley, p 59

12. Ibid, p 61

13. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 68

14. Majolier, p 99

15. Matveev’s diary, Wednesday, March 1, 1917

16. Poutiatine

17. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 69

18. Shulgin, Dni, p 277

19. Matveev’s diary. March 3, 1917

20. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 59

15. Playing for Time

1. N’s diary, March 2, 1917, GARF 601/265, cited Steinberg/Khrustalev. Doc 30, p 107

2. Nabokov, p 49

3. Kerensky, Memoirs, p 207

4. Shulgin, Dni, p 272

5. Ibid, p 274

6. Rodzyanko, Archiv russkoi revolyutsii, p 61

7. Milyukov, Revolution, p 38

8. Shulgin, Dni, p 196

9. Milyukov, Vospominaniya, Vol II, p 17, cited Katkov, p 408

10. Shulgin, Dni, pp 263-74

11. Ibid, p 274

12. Paléologue, March 17, 1917, Vol III, p 240

13. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 69

14. Ibid, p 70

15. Paléologue, March 17, 1917, Vol III, p 241

16. Rodzyanko to Alekseev, March 3, 1917, Buranov/Khrustalev Doc 98, pp 111-2

17. Nabokov, pp 35-6

18. Baron Nolde, Nabokov, p 19

19. Poutiatine

20. Shulgin, Dni, pp264-74

21. Petrograd Soviet Executive Committee, March 3, 1917, Buranov/Khrustalev Doc 142, p 177

22. Shulgin, Dni, p 277

23. Matveev’s diary, March 3, 1917

24. Wonlar-Larsky, pp 166-7, 171

25. N’s diary, March 3, 1917, cited Maylunos/Mironenko, p 551

26. Nicholas’s telegram, LRA MS/1363/141

27. Nabokov, pp 48-9

28. Ibid, p 53

29. Michael’s manifesto, GARF 668/131

30. Nabokov, p 54

31. Nolde, Nabokov, p 19

32. Ibid, p 10

33. Nabokov, p 54

34. Ibid, p 53

35. Nolde, Nabokov, p 20

36. Shulgin, Dni, p 279

37. Paléolog MA’s due, March 17, 1917, Vol III, p 241

38. Nolde, Nabokov, p 20.

39. Lomonosov, cited Melgunov p 236

40. Ibid, p 237

41. N’s diary, March 3, 1917, cited Maylunos/Mirenenko, p 551

42. Alexander p 320

43. MA’s diary, March 3, 1917

16. Retreat to Gatchina

1. MA to NS, March 3, 1917, GARF 622/22

2. Poutiatine

3. MA’s diary, March 4, 1917

4. Ibid

5. Poutiatine

6. Grand Duchess George, p 179

7. Russian newspapers, LRA MS 1000/5

8. Paléologue, March 17, 1917, Vol III, p 243

9. Buchanan, Vol Ii, p 71

10. The Times, London, March 19, 1917

11. Cantacuzène, p 122

12. Grand Duchess George, p 180

13. Maklakov, cited Katkov, p 411

14. Paley, pp 60, 67

15. Mossolov, p 69

16. Dimitri to Yusupov, April 23, 1917, Red Archives, p 127

17. Grand Duchess George, p 182

18. MA’s diary, April 5, 1917

19. Ibid, April 5, 1917

20. Grand Duchess George, p 183

21. Pipes, p 307

22. Hanbury-Williams, p 179

23. Knox, p 613

24. MA letter, May 5, 1917, LRA MS 1407

25. Kournakoff,, p 317

26. Grand Duchess George, p 184-5

27. Ibid, p 185

28. Majolier, p 83

29. Gilliard, p 217-8

30. Rose, p 212, April 6, 1917

31. Ibid, pp 212-3

32. June 4, 1917, cited Rose, p 216

33. Ibid, p 215

17. Farewell My Brother

1. Majolier, p 100

2. Grand Duchess George, p 182

3. MA’s diary, May 5, 1917

4. Ibid, May 5-14, 1917

5. Polovtsov, pp 207-8

6. Kerensky, p 120

7. MA’s diary, July 31, 1917

8. Polovtsov, p 292

9. MA’s diary, July 31, 1917

10. Benckendorff, p 107

11. Wilton, p 184 (Kobylinski deposition)

12. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 257

13. Benckendorff, p 107

14. MA’s diary, July 31, 1917

18. Kerensky’s Captive

1. MA’s diary, August 21, 1917

2. Ibid, August 22, 1917

3. Pipes, p 447

4. Polovtsov, p 208

5. Kerensky, Murder, p 138

6. Ibid, p 195, Catastrophe, pp 137-9

7. MA’s diary, August 25, 1917

8. Ibid, August 29, 1917

9. Pipes, p 441

10. Lincoln,, p 415

11. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 318

12. Pipes, p 441

13. Ibid, p 467

14. Ibid, p 460

15. Ibid, p 41

16. Lincoln, p 423

17. MA’s diary, August 29, 1917

18. Ibid, August 31, 1917

19. Ibid, September 4, 1917

20. Buchanan to Lord Stamfordham, September 7, 1917 RA GV P 284 A/26

21. MA’s diary, September 6, 1917

22. Telegram to Balfour, PRO FO/371/3015, circulated to ‘King and Cabinet’

23. MA’s diary, September 13/15, 1917

24. Ibid, September 2, 1917

25. Dimitri’s diary, October 1917

19. Citizen Michael

1. Kerensky, Catastrophe, pp 333-4

2. Pipes, p 489

3. MA’s diary, October 19/25, 1917

4. Ibid, October 26, 1917

5. Ibid, October 27, 1917

6. Ibid, October 30, 1917

7. Majolier, p 118

8. MA’s diary, October 31, 1917

9. Wonlar-Larsky pp 172-3; in Russian, her married name was Vonlyarlyarskaya

10. Ibid

11. MA’s diary, November 1, 1917

12. Ibid, November 4, 1917

13. Poutiatine

14. Ibid

15. MA’s diary, November 7, 1917

16. Ibid, November 13, 1917

17. Ibid, November 15, 1917

18. Majolier, p 112

19. MA’s diary, November 15, 1917

20. Buranov/Khrustalev, Gibel imperatorskogo doma 1917-19 p 91

21. Gushchik, p 22

22. Ibid

23. Ibid

24. MA’s diary, December 25/31, 1917

25. Oliver H. Radkey, The Election to the Russian Constitutent Assembly, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1950, pp 20-21

26. Miss Neame, letter to her family in Brighton, England, May 16, 1918 (private collection)

27. MA’s diary, March 4, 1918

28. Miss Neam letter ibid

29. Poutiatine

30. Ibid

31. Ibid

32. Commissar order, GARF 130/10, cited Gibel Buranov/Khrustalev, p 93

33. Poutiatine

34. MA to NS, March 10, 1918, LRA MS 1363/36-4

35. Poutiatine

20. Prisoner of Perm

1. MA to NS, telegram, March 14, 1918, LRA MS 1363/37-1

2. Letter from Johnson, cited Poutiatine

3. Khrustalev/Lykov, p 89

4. Poutiatine

5. MA to NS, March 10, 1918, LRA MS 1363/36-4

6. Johnson to Lenin, telegram, March 15. 1918, GARF 130/1109

7. MA to NS, telegram, March 19, 1918, LRA MS 1363/37-2

8. The Times, London, March 22, 1918

9. MA to NS, telegram, March 19, 1918, LRA Ms 1363/37-3

10. MA to Bonch-Bruevich, March 20, 1918, GARF 130/1109

11. Chelyshev to Natasha, March 26, 1918, LRA MS 1363/37-4

12. MA to NS, telegram, March 19, 1918, 1363/37-3

14. The Times, London, April 6, 1918

15. Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 153

16. Khrustalev/Lykov, pp 108-9

17. MA to NS, April 10, 1918, LRA MS 1363/36

18. Poutiatine

19. Miss Neame letter

20. Ibid

21. Majolier, p 132

22. March 25, 1918, GARF 130/1109

23. ‘Prisoner of Perm’ photo, LRA MS 1363/268

24. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 153

25. Ibid

26. Wilton, p 120

27. MA to NS, telegram, April 19, 1918, LRA Ms 1363/37-6

28. Ibid, April 25, 1918, 1363/26

29. MA’s diary, May 11, 1918, Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 159

30. Shamarin, GARF 539/2765

31. Myasnikov, p 83

32. MA’s diary, May 16, 1918, cited ibid

33. Ibid, May 12-17, 1918

34. Ibid May 17, 1918

35. Ibid, May 18, 1918

36. Alexandrov, p 221

37. Poutiatine

38. Wilton, p 121

21. Either Him or Us

1. Khrustalev/Likov, p 92

2. Buranov/Khrustalev, p 96

3. MA’s diary, May 21,1918, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev (hereafter MK) p 160

4. MA to NS, June 3, 1918, LRA MS, 1363/31

5. MA’s diary, May 19-23, 1918, MK ibid

6. Krumnis, GARF 5881/414

7. MA’s diary, May 25, 1918, MK p 161

8. Wilton, p 121

9. Unsigned and undated note, LRA MS 1363/22

10. MA’s diary, May 29, 1918, MK ibid

11. MA to NS, June 3, 1918, LRA MS 1363/22

12. Ibid, June 3, 1918

13. MA’s diary, June 7, 1918, MK p 163

14. Myasnikov, p 63

15. Biographical note, Myasnikov

16. Kerensky, Murder, p 255

17. Myasnikov, p 31

18. Ibid, pp 69-70

19. MA’s diary, June 7, 1918, MK ibid

20. Ibid, June 8-9, 1918

21. Ibid, June 10-11, 1918

22. Myasnikov, p 116

23. Malkov statement, GAPO 90/M-60

24. Mikov, GAPO 90/2/M-22b

22. Death in the Woods

1. Myasnkov, p 59

2. Ibid

3. Ibid,, pp 82-4

4. British Meteorological Office,, Bracknell, Berkshire

5. Myasnikov, p 59

6. Ibid, p 87

7. Ibid, pp 94-5

8. Ibid, p 95

9. Biographical note, Introduction, Myasnikov His 1935 statement at the Soviet Paris embassy came after he fled Stalin’s purges and intended to win hi m a pardon. He was allowed back in Russia, though that would do him no good. He was executed by the Soviets in 1945.

10. Myasnikov, p 95

11. Khrustalev/Lykov, p 118

12. Statement by Znamerovsky, ibid cited pp 118-9

13. Statement by Chelyshev, ibid, cited p 109

14. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3

15. Statement by kitchen maid, cited Khrustalev/Lykov, pp 114-5

16. Statement by Chelyshev, ibid, p 109

17. Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3

18. Ibid

19. Wilton, p 123

20. Ibid

21. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 153

22. Chelyshev statement, Khrustalev/Lykov, p 109; Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3

23. Myasnikov, p 98

24. Ibid, pp 98-100

25. Ibid, p 105

26. Ibid, pp 105-8

27. Ibid, p 111

28. Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3

29. Ibid

30. Myasnikov, p 112

31. Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3

32. Markov was still weating the watch in 1965 when as an old man his statement about Michael’s murder was lodged in Perm Archives.

33. Myasnikov, p 113

34. Ibid

35. Ibid

36. Resolution Perm Provincial Executive Committee, June 13, 1918, cited Khrustalev/Lykov, p 90

37. Wilton, p 240

38. Izvestya, Perm., June 15, 1918, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 149

39. V. F. Sivkov, Perm Provincial Executive Committee, cited Buranov/Khrustalov, p 107

40. Vera Karnaukhova, in evidence to Sokolov, RTsKhIDNI 588/8, cited Khrustalev/Lykov pp 138-40

41. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3

42. Myasnikov, p 119

43. Ibid, p 114

44. Alexandrov, pp 81-3

45 Ibid. The two envoys travelled separately, with Myasnikov escorting his friend Beloborodov’s wife and family, travelling to Moscow. Although he survived, they drowned in a cross-river ferry accident. That would explain why he did not return with Goloshchenkin to Ekaterinburg or play any further role in events there.

23. Long Live Michael

1. Telegram no 551, June 29, 1918, PRO/ADM 137/883

2. The Times, London, June 27, 1918,

3. Ibid, July 3, 1918

4. Ibid, July 6, 1918

5. July 8, 1918, PRO WO 106/1220/44

6. Nasha rodina, Moscow, July 21, 1918 cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 141

7. Dimitri’s diaries 1918

8. Moscow to Berlin, July 17, 1918, PRO GFM 6/139 A3097

9. July 1, 1918, PRO GFM 6/140 A30977

10. Bykov, p 82

11. Investigations which established the essentials of the murder were begun after the Whites captured Ekaterinburg on July 25, 1918.

12. Sinolin; it was Sinolin who recovered the bodies and carried out the first investigations of the murders.

13. Pipes, pp 780-3

14. Bruce Lockhart, p 304

15. Stockholm, August 26, 1918, PRO WO 106/1219/815

16. Kiev, August 23, 1918, PRO GFM, 6.140/AS 4034

17. July 22, 1918,

18. Majolier, p 129

19. GARF 439/8780, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 156

20. June 15, 1918, PRO GFM6/139 A29471

21. Ibid

22. Majolier p 153

23. Ibid, p 142

24. Bruce Lockhart, p 321; ‘hung out of window’ Paley, 244

25. Majolier p 145; the evidence dates her arrest as September 7, 1918

26. Ibid, p 153

27. Ibid, pp 158-60

28. Izvestia, Perm, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev p 156

29. Russian Telegraph Agency, September 20, 1918, ibid p 156

30. O’Connor, p 256

31. Mirkina/Khrustalelv p 156

32. September 21, 1918, PROGFM 6/140/A39669

33. Wilton, p 129

34. LRA Ms 1363/82

35. Majolier, p 142

36. Ibid, p 161

37. Ibid, p 170

38. Ibid pp 166-9

39. GARF 391/161, cited Buranov/Khrustalev, p 111

40. Kiev, October 24, 1918, PRO GFM, 16/140 A44463

41. Copenhagen, November 2, 1918, ibid, A46412

42. Berlin, October 30, 1918, ibid, A45995

43. Majolier, p177

44. Ibid, p 179

24. A Divided Family

1. Kolchak telegram, September 15, 1919, LRA MS 1363/98

2. Majolier, p 191

3. LRA MS 1363/101, Gray, 138

4. Ibid, 1363/119

5. Majolier, p 192

6. August 2, LRA MS 1363/103-3

7. LRA MS 1363/69

8. The Times, London, July 6,, 1924

9. Cyril, p 220

10. Ibid, p 248

11. Ibid, p 247

12. Ibid, p 222, 248

13. Letter, October 4, 1924, kindly provided by Prince Nicholas Romanov, great-nephew of ‘Nikolasha’

14. Cyril, p 222

15. Ibid, p 165

16. Ibid, p 232

17. Ibid, p 248

18. Almanac de Gotha, 1936

19. Gray, p 146

20. Majolier, p 226

21. Ibid, p 230

22. Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya, Paris, August 1, 1931. LRA MS 1363/123

23. Natasha grand-daughter Pauline Gray to author

24. Death certificate: copy to author from Natasha’s grand-daughter Pauline

25. Gushchik, p 46