The Nature of Alexander

Index

A | B | C | D | E

F | G | H | I | J

K | L | M | N | O

P | R | S | T

U | V | W | X | Z

Abdalonymus, 111

Abreas, 207, 208

Academy (Plato’s), 39, 40, 54, 188

Achilles, 6, 22, 24, 28-9, 44, 75, 90, 113, 118, 202, 208, 240, 241, 247, 257

Ada (Queen of Caria), 27, 94-5, 97

Admetus, 115

Aegae, 5, 62, 146

Aelian, 33

Aeschines, 49, 67

Agriani, 77, 80, 102, 136

Alcibiades, 39, 232

Alexander III, the Great: accession, 30, 63, 69; ancestry, 24, 28, 121-2; army, 25, 30, 93, 98, 101-2, 127-8, 141-2, 149, 166-7, 200-12, 233-5, 263-4; in Athens, 54; Athens’ submission, 86; attitude towards killing, 65-6, 128, 180-1; at Babylon, 139-41, 248-66; in Bactria, 168-9, 185; and Bagoas (q.v.), 154-5, 161, 185, 186, 220, 222, 223; battle tactics, 78, 101-2, 133, 134; birth, 22; birth legends, 8, 22, 24, 122, 231; books, 28, 71-3, 128, 142; and Bucephalas (q.v.), 33-4, 102, 138, 158, 198; Callisthenes’ murder, 187-8; in Caria, 94-7; Cleitus’ murder, 180-1; at Chaeronea (q.v.), 51-3; childhood, 23-4, 29, 30; daily routine, 125-9; at Damascus, 109-10; and Darius III (q.v.), 108-9, 132, 149-57; death, 4, 266; Demosthenes’ view, 68, 82; divinity, 5, 6, 7, 12, 119, 121-2, 174, 230-1; at Dodona, 57; drinking habits, 128-9, 179-80, 239-40, 262-3; early court duties, 29-30; at Ecbatana, 239-44; education, 26-7, 39-43, 44, 46; in Egypt, 118-23; at Ephesus, 94; Exile’s Decree, 231-2, 249; explorative urge, 78, 189, 254; father (Philip II, q.v.), 26, 33, 34, 45-6, 54, 55-6, 58-65; first colony, 45; friendships, 26, 44, 48-9, 58, 66, 80, 99, 113-14, 128, 141, 143, 162; funeral cortège, 5-6; at Gaugamela, 34, 132-9; at Gaza, 117; Gordian knot, 98-9; at the Granicus, 90-3; half-brother (see Arridaeus); at Halicarnassus, 96-7; and Hephaestion (q.v.), 43-4, 48, 54, 60, 90, 104, 105, 121, 126, 162, 185, 186, 193, 240-4, 251-3; Hermolaus’ plot; historians’ views; humor; at the Hydaspes; identification with Achilles (q.v.); illnesses & injuries, 99, 104, 117, 118, 171, 172, 207-9, 256, 257-66; in Illyria, 57-58; Illyrian campaigns, 47-8, 80-1; in India, 188 ft.; inheritance, 89; at the Issus, 99-107; at the Jaxartes, 171-2; legends, 7-16, 72, 182; on the Makran desert, 215-20; at Miletus, 95-6; mother (Olympias, q.v.), 23-4, 32, 48, 55, 56-7, 58, 59, 63, 64, 121, 126, 237; at Multan, 206-10; musical interests, 32-3, 38-9, 70, 90; omens. 89, 95, 96, 117, 119, 144, 202, 245, 246-7, 254-6, 258, 261; at Opis, 233-7; oracles consulted, 57, 120-21, 258; at Persepolis, 145-9, 223-4; Persian King, 172-8, 229-30; Philotas’ plot, 162-6; physical appearance & dress, 26, 27, 68-70, 92, 160; and Ptolemy (q.v.), 5-7, 30-2; purge of rivals, 73-5; quoted, 37, 46, 55-6, 70, 89, 103, 104, 109, 116, 133, 197-8, 234, 235, 253, 266; re-founding of Stagira, 46; as regent, 44-5, 46-7, 62; regents for, 10, 237; river crossings—Hydaspes, 195-6—Indus, 193, 211—Ister, 78-80—Oxus, 169-70—Tigris, 130-1; sacrifices & offerings, 27-8, 80, 87, 89, 90, 93-4, 112, 119, 122, 123, 125, 131, 134, 144, 202, 205, 213, 222, 262; at Sardis, 93-4; sexual nature, 48, 55, 70, 88, 95, 155, 184-5, 239; at Sidon, 110-12, 113, 114; Sikandar myth, 8, 9; sister (see Cleopatra); and Sisygambis (q.v.), 104-5, 106, 132, 144; in Sogdiana, 182-5, 190; the Successors, 229-30, 235; at Susa, 142-4, 224-32, 248; at Tarsus, 99; theatrical interest, 70, 71, 123; Theban campaign, 82-6; in Thessaly, 75; tomb, 6-7; Triballians defeated, 77; at Troy, 89-90; at Tyre, 112, 114-15, 123; wealth & financial arrangements, 82, 89, 93, 96, 103, 110, 123-4, 140-1, 142-4, 146, 157, 227, 228, 229, 238; weddings, 183-4, 225-7; wives—Roxane (q.v.), 183-5, 186, 190, 193, 204, 239—Barsine-Stateira (q.v.), 109-10, 226, 227

Alexander IV, 10, 250, 268

Alexander’s Feast (Dryden), 17

Alexandreis, 16

Alexandria, 6, 7, 31, 121, 126, 242, 248, 258

Alexandros (King of Epirus), 39, 57, 61, 245

Alexandros (of Lyncestis), 74, 82, 98, 99, 164

Amazons, 9, 28, 239

Ammon, 5, 8, 119, 120-1, 179, 202, 213, 231, 243, 248, 256, 258

Amphissa, 47, 49, 54

Amyntas, 73

Amyntor, 243

Anaxarchus, 174

Andromache, 22

Antigone, 122

Antigonus One-Eye, 260, 261

Antipater, 10, 45, 47, 83, 86, 88, 112, 126, 159, 232, 237, 248, 249, 250, 260, 261

Aornus, 192

Apelles, 69

Aphrodite, 181, 231

Apis, 119, 243

Apollo, 17, 47, 115

Apollodorus, 244-5, 247

Arbela, 130, 138

Aristander, 117

Aristobulus, 13-14, 128, 129, 187, 218, 219, 222, 227, 247, 254, 256, 262

Aristotle, 10, 11, 39-43, 46, 48, 54, 60, 64, 72, 73, 107, 108, 131, 142, 158, 159, 175, 185, 237, 260

Aristoxenus, 70

Arrian (Flavius Arrianus), 13-14, 16, 30-1, 34, 69, 78, 83-4, 85, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 115, 119-20, 121, 134, 144, 147, 148, 155, 164, 166, 174, 187, 194, 198, 201, 207, 209, 211, 212, 215, 217-18, 219, 220, 224, 226, 234, 235-6, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242-3, 245, 246, 247, 250, 258, 259, 265

Arridaeaus, 32, 58-9, 60, 74, 76, 128, 267

Arsames, 93

Arses, 61, 68

Artabazus, 29, 87, 109, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, 159, 160, 169, 172, 173, 178, 183, 184, 226

Artaxerxes II, 29

Asia, 3, 5, 27, 57, 62, 71, 76, 77, 78, 84, 106, 109, 112, 125, 131, 134, 157, 215, 221, 222, 237, 249, 261, 263

Asia Minor, 35-6, 38, 59, 74, 82, 90, 93, 98, 116, 119, 124, 134, 145, 159, 232, 253

Assyria, 106, 130, 139, 211, 246, 248, 255

Athenaeus, 155, 220

Athene, 67, 90

Athens, Athenians, 10-22, 12, 17, 20, 26, 27, 32, 35, 37-8, 39, 40, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 58, 62, 66, 67, 74, 75, 82, 83, 86, 108, 110, 112, 118, 131, 144, 147, 155, 156, 164, 174, 177, 187, 188, 222, 228, 229, 255

Attalus, 35, 55, 56, 61, 64, 66, 74-5, 97, 165

Attica, 50, 53, 76, 83, 86, 175

Augustus, 7, 12

Babylon, 3, 5, 11, 99, 101, 112, 130, 137, 139, 140, 141, 146, 147, 225, 227, 228, 244 ff., 255, 256, 259, 261, 264, 267

Bactria (Bactriana), Bactrians, 129, 135, 150 ff., 160, 167, 168, 169, 178, 185, 210, 215, 229, 230, 258

Bagoas (favourite of Alexander), 151, 153-5, 156, 160 ff., 172, 173, 175, 184 ff., 213, 220, 222, 223, 248, 254

Bagoas (Grand Vizier), 61, 68, 142

Bagoas (prince), 204-5

Baraxis, 222

Barsine, 109-10, 184, 226

Barsine-Stateira (wife), 110, 226, 227, 239, 247, 248, 265, 267

Beas, 200, 204

Bel, 141, 246

Benefactors, 167

Bessus, 129, 135, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 182, 254

Bistanes, 150, 164, 173

Boeotia, Boeotians, 50, 51, 82, 210

Britain, 250

Bubaces, 150, 152

Bucephalas, 33, 102, 130, 136, 138, 158, 182, 198

Byzantium, 47, 77, 79

Cadmea, 76, 83

Caesar, Julius, 7, 11, 13, 36, 108, 127

Caesars, 19, 140, 160

Calanus, 194, 222, 224-5, 242

Caligula, 12

Callines, 235

Callisthenes, 10, 14, 158-9, 175, 176, 177, 185, 186, 187-8, 249. See also Pseudo-Callisthenes

Callisthenes (Valerius), 15

Caria, 27, 59, 60, 74, 94, 97, 123, 227

Carthaginians, 115, 245, 250

Caspian Sea, 150, 151, 153, 200, 239

Cassander, 6, 10-11, 16, 18, 22, 237, 248-50, 258-9, 260, 268

Celts, 80, 245

Chaeronea, 51, 75, 77, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89

Chares, 125, 174, 176, 226, 227

China, 9, 167, 189

Cilician Gates, 99

Cleitus (the Black), 92, 167, 178-80, 202, 216, 240

Cleitus (Illyrian), 80-1

Cleomenes, 243, 258

Cleopatra (Queen of Egypt), 7, 99

Cleopatra (sister), 23, 61

Coenus, 196-7, 201, 204

Companion Cavalry, 44, 49, 51, 93, 102, 135, 137, 138, 156-7, 159, 167, 193, 235

Corinth, 54, 58, 60, 76, 81, 92, 230

Cossaeans, 244, 245

Craterus, 31, 91, 122, 196, 197, 204, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 225, 226, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 250, 265

Crete, 203, 228

Croesus, 93

Crusaders, 15, 97

Curtius, Quintus, 12, 34, 44, 104, 115-16, 117, 132, 139, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 162 ff., 169, 182, 187, 208, 222, 223, 234, 266, 267

Cynna, 80

Cyprus, 114, 174

Cyropaedia (Xenophon), 71, 106

Cyrus the Great, 9, 71-3, 92, 93, 106, 107, 127, 139, 146, 167, 211, 219, 221, 222, 223, 255

Damascus, 104, 109, 110, 122

Darius I, the Great, 147, 171, 172, 173, 189, 221, 248, 250

Darius II, 8

Darius III, 9, 16, 17, 29, 37, 68, 74, 81, 82, 87, 90, 98, 99-100, 101, 102-4, 107, 108, 109, lid, 116, 117, 120, 124, 129 ff., 142 ff., 146, 148 ff., 159, 161, 170, 183, 197, 205, 222, 223, 226, 227, 232, 239, 254, 267

Deinocrates, 251

Delphi, 47, 49, 51, 249

Demades, 86

Demaratus, 58, 92

Demosthenes, 10, 17, 37-8, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 67, 68, 74, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 194, 228, 231

Diodorus, 4, 12, 34, 63, 64, 66, 73, 100, 114, 115, 137, 145, 147, 162, 164, 191, 252

Dionysius (god), 23, 53, 64, 147, 178, 180-1, 189, 193, 219

Dionysius I, of Syracuse, 25, 227

Dodona, 56, 57, 120

Drangiana, 162

Dryden, John, 17

Drypetis, 226, 247, 267

Dymnus, 162, 163

Ecbatana, 139, 146, 149, 157, 165, 172, 178, 233, 237, 239-44, 247

Egypt, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 31, 94, 112, 116, 118-19, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 134, 150, 174, 231, 243, 250, 254, 264

Elatia, 50, 51

Eleusinian Mysteries, 86

Ephesus, 94

Epictetus, 13

Epirus, 21-2, 39, 56, 57, 58, 61, 76, 245

Erigyius, 168

Ethiopians, 11, 245

Eumenes, 237, 238, 242

Euphrates, 5, 79, 107, 112, 116, 130, 135, 170, 189, 245, 246, 250, 253, 255, 260, 262

Euripides, 42, 246

Eurydice, 58, 61, 76

Exile’s Decree, 231-2, 249

Fuller, Gen. J. F. C., 91

Gaugamela, 34, 131, 132, 139, 141, 144, 146, 150, 168, 196

Gaza, 117, 246

Glaucias, 241, 242

Gordium, 98

Granicus, 90-3, 100, 101, 167, 179, 205

Grote, George, 17, 32

Hadrian, 13

Hagnothemis, 260, 261

Halicarnassus, 96-7

Hannibal, 168

Harpalus, 123-4, 141, 149, 228, 231, 232, 246, 250

Hecataeus, 74-5

Hector (son of Parmenion), 122

Hellanice, 92

Hellespont, 5, 7, 26, 45, 61, 76, 89

Hephaestion, 31, 43-4, 48, 54, 60, 90, 91, 104, 105, 110-11, 116-17, 118, 121, 126, 137, 161, 162, 167, 173, 175, 176, 178, 181, 185, 186, 190, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 203-4, 205, 206, 209, 212, 213, 217, 221, 225, 226, 233, 234, 237, 238, 239, 240-4, 247, 251-3, 257, 258, 262, 267

Heracles, 80, 83, 94, 112, 120, 189, 192, 201, 205, 259

Hermias, 40, 43

Hermolaus, 185-6, 187

Herodotus, 139, 173, 177, 239

Hindu Rush, 168, 211

Homer, 20, 28, 44, 52, 71, 90, 113, 118, 158, 198, 207, 244, 247, 256

Hydaspes, 195, 198, 205

Hyrcania, 153, 157, 158, 178

Iliad, 28, 42, 142, 158

Illyria, Illyrians, 22, 35, 36, 45, 47, 57, 58, 65, 77, 80-1, 84

India, 9, 11, 14, 128, 129, 137, 161, 167, 177, 185, 189 ff., 203 ff., 207, 212, 215, 222, 224, 225, 230, 239, 244, 264

Indus, 189-90, 193, 195, 203, 211, 212, 214, 263

Iollas, 248, 259, 260, 262

Isocrates, 36, 38, 39

Issus, 100, 109, 118, 123, 130, 131, 132, 135, 137, 151

Ister, 77, 78-9, 80, 170

Italy, 16, 245, 250

Jaxartes, 171, 172

Judaea, 6, 11, 107

Justin, 12, 76

Kandahar, 181, 212

Kashmir, 199-200

Khyber, 190, 203, 211

Kipling, Rudyard, 177, 192

Lambarus, 77, 80, 102

Lawrence, T. E., 236

League of Corinth, 230

Leonnatus, 64, 207

Leonidas, 27, 28, 141, 145, 194

Lyceum, 11, 12, 17, 40, 159, 175, 188, 249

Lysander, 231

Lysimachus, 28, 113, 196, 257

Lysippus, 69

Maedi, 45, 77

Makran, 218, 219, 251

Mallians, 205, 206, 207, 210, 220

Marathon, 50, 83

Mardians, 158

Mark Antony, 7, 97, 99

Marsden, E. W., 138-9

Massaga, 191

Mazaces, 118

Mazaeus, 130, 131, 135, 137, 140 f.

Medea (Euripides), 65

Media, Medes, 150, 160, 222

Medius, 258-9, 261

Melkart, 112, 123

Memnon, 87, 88, 90, 93, 97, 100, 109, 150, 226

Memphis, 6, 118, 120, 122

Mesopotamia, 108, 129, 142

Midas, 98

Middle Ages, 15, 41, 91

Miletus, 95, 96, 97, 114

Montrose, James Graham, 87

Multan, 206, 221, 246

Musicanus, 212

Nabarzanes, 101 ff., 130, 137, 150 ff., 168, 170

Nearchus, 14, 193, 194, 203, 204, 207, 209-10, 211, 214, 215, 218, 219, 221, 225, 226, 245-6, 247, 250, 258, 265

Nebuchadnezzar, 139

Nectanebo, 7, 8, 122

Neoptolemus, 22

Nichomachus, 40, 162, 163

Nicias, 131

Nile, 118, 119, 190, 203, 250

Nysa, 192, 193

Ochus (Artaxerxes III), 29, 38, 43, 61, 87, 100, 109, 112, 119, 145, 150, 151, 161, 227, 248

Olympias, 7-8, 21, 22, 23-4, 26, 27, 32, 39, 44, 45, 46, 48, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 76, 88, 121, 126, 181, 228, 237, 245, 249-50, 267, 268

Olympic Games, 22, 70, 232

Omphis, 190, 193, 194, 197, 199

“On Horsemanship” (Xenophon), 33

Opis, 5, 233, 237, 238, 240

Orxines, 223

Oxathres, 103, 139, 156, 161, 164, 170, 172, 173

Oxus, 169-70, 175, 178, 218, 246

Oxyartes, 182, 210

Parallel Lives (Plutarch), 13

Parmenion, 22, 60, 61, 75, 76, 79, 87, 91, 95, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103, 109, 116, 122, 133 ff., 140, 142, 147, 148, 157, 162, 164 ff., 178, 180

Parysatis, 227

Pasargadae, 146, 221, 222

Patroclus, 44, 240, 241, 247, 251, 252, 257

Patron, 151-2, 156

Pausanias, 34, 35, 55, 62-3, 65, 66, 68, 76

Peithagoras, 244, 247

Pella, 20, 30, 38, 43, 60, 77, 89, 243, 249

Pelopidas, 20

Peloponnesian War, 35, 47, 131

Perdiccas III, 19, 20-1, 73, 75

Perdiccas (general), 6, 64, 84, 89, 91, 190, 196, 206, 208, 244, 259, 265, 266, 267

Pericles, 37, 50, 51

Perinthus, 46, 47

Persepolis, 139, 144 ff., 153, 160, 221 ff., 248

Persian War, 61

Persis, 144

Peucestas, 206, 207, 208, 221, 223, 230, 250, 253, 264, 266

Pharnaces, 204-5

Phidias, 94

Philip II, 8, 10, 17, 19-26, 27, 29, 30, 32 ff., 44 ff., 71, 73 ff., 79, 82, 84 ff., 88-9, 97, 99, 108, 109, 121, 123, 159, 168, 177, 178, 184, 234, 238

Philip (doctor), 99, 241

Philostratus, 198

Philotas, 60, 79, 81, 83, 91, 96, 110, 122-3, 144, 162-4, 165-6

Phocians, 47, 49, 50, 83, 84, 85, 145

Phoenicians, 107, 112, 114, 215

Phoenix, 28, 113

Pindar, 85

Pixodorus, 59, 60, 94-5, 96-7

Plataeans, 50, 83, 84, 85

Plato, 10, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 54, 73

Plutarch, 13, 23, 29-30, 34, 41, 44, 45, 59, 60, 63, 65, 69, 73, 76, 85, 90, 98, 104, 105, 109, 113-14, 125, 128, 129, 131, 134, 142, 143, 147, 148, 153, 154, 155, 160, 162, 164, 180, 220, 224, 237, 239, 241, 242, 249, 250, 258, 259-60, 262, 267

Porus, 9, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197-9, 204

Poseidon, 89, 180-1, 213, 231

Pseudo-Callisthenes, 14, 159, 242, 243, 261

Ptolemy I, 5-7, 13, 30-2, 43, 48, 79, 84, 86, 89, 91, 101, 111, 120, 147, 148, 155, 161, 164, 170, 174, 179, 187, 191, 192, 194-5, 196, 198, 204 ff., 218, 219, 224, 226, 227, 234, 243 ff.

Punjab, 189, 190, 193, 200, 203, 214

Pythagoras, 256

Red Sea, 250, 251

Roman d’Alexandre, 16

Rome, Romans, 7, 11-12, 15, 73, 78, 101, 108, 127, 134, 140, 188, 221, 223, 233, 236, 245, 250

Roxane, 3, 16, 17, 110, 183-5, 186, 190, 204, 211, 220, 221, 226, 227, 239, 243, 247, 248, 250, 267-8

Royal Journal, 256, 261

Royal Kindred, 173, 176, 235

Royal Road, 5, 139, 142, 233, 247

Sacred Band, 20, 34, 51, 52, 53, 83, 85

Sacred League, 47, 49, 51, 75

Sambus of Sind, 212

Samarkand, 171, 178

Samos, 231

Samothrace, 19, 21

Sangala, 200

Sarapis, 243, 264

Sardis, 82, 93, 96, 109

Sarpedon, 52

Satibarzanes, 168

Scythians, 47, 171, 172, 245

Seleucus, 196, 226

Semiramis, 211, 219

Shakespeare, William, 71, 97

Sicily, 115, 131, 250

Sidon, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114

Sisygambis, 104, 105, 106, 128, 132, 137, 144, 153, 225, 246, 253, 268

Siwah, 57, 120, 243, 258

Socrates, 36, 37, 39, 41, 71, 73, 108, 264

Sogdiana, 129, 171, 182-3, 184, 185, 190, 203

Sparta, Spartans, 20, 25, 35, 49, 54, 110, 112, 126, 173, 223, 230, 249

Speusippus, 39

Spitamenes, 182, 226

Stagira, 40, 46

Stateira, 104-5, 131-2, 154, 205

Stateira-Barsine. See Barsine-Stateira

Stein, Sir Aurel, 192

Stories of Alexander (Chares), 226

Strabo, 194

Successors, 230, 235

Susa, 139, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 221, 224, 225, 227, 229, 230, 238, 239, 244, 246, 247, 248

Syria, 5, 6

Syrian seer, 186-7

Tarn, Sir William, 17, 89, 148

Tarsus, 99

Taxila, 190, 193, 198, 204, 210, 211

Thais, 147, 148

Theagenes, 85

Thebes, 19-20, 34, 36, 49, 50, 51, 53, 76, 82-3, 84-5, 86, 89, 110, 120

Theophrastus, 11

Thermopylae, 49, 75, 144

Thessaly, 26, 35, 49, 75, 82, 198

Thettalus, 59, 60-1, 123, 227

Thrace, Thracians, 22, 24, 26, 32, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 76, 77, 80, 84, 86, 98, 174, 196

Tigris, 5, 129, 130, 131, 233, 246

Triballians, 47, 76, 78

Troy, Trojans, 22, 24, 44, 52, 68, 89-90, 207, 221

Trojan War, 159

Tyre, Tyrians, 6, 112, 113, 114-15, 123, 140

Uxians, 144

Valerius, Julius, 14-15

Vasco of Lucena, 16

Warburton, Sir Robert, 190, 191

Wilcken, Ulrich, 116, 142

Williams, John, 67

Xenocrates, 54

Xenophon, 33-4, 71-3, 79, 92, 101, 102, 106, 107, 126, 127, 131, 133, 139, 147, 169, 170, 222

Xerxes I, the Great, 49, 108, 116, 140, 144, 146, 147, 246

Zeus, 8, 24, 57, 67, 80, 87, 93-4, 120, 122, 143, 180, 231

Zoroaster, 9, 154