The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici

INDEX

Acciaiuoli, Agnolo, banished, 55, 106; and the Medici, 61, 103-4, 105; diplomacy with France, 84, 85

Acciaiuoli, Donato, 122, 148

Acciaiuoli, Piero, 122

Accoramboni, Francesco, 277

Accoramboni, Vittoria, 277-8

Agnolo, Baccio d’, 325

Albany, Louisa, Countess of, 325

Albert II, German Emperor (d. 1439), 64

Alberti, House of, 35

Alberti, Leon Battista (1404–72), on poverty, 28; and Palazzo Rucellai, 29, 313; at Camaldoli Abbey, 122; and Tuscan poetry, 171; and Santa Maria Novella, 313

Albizzi family, power and achievements of, 32–3; and the Medici, 40, 41, 43, 47; Uzzano and, 48; and the anti-Medicean plot, 50, 52; growing unpopularity of, 54–5; and the Duke of Milan, 79, 80; lose hope of returning to power, 80

Albizzi, Antonfrancesco degli, 212, 215

Albizzi, Ginevra degli, see Medici, Ginevra de’

Albizzi, Eleonora degli, 272

Albizzi, Rinaldo di’ Messer Maso degli, 32; personality, 42; and humanism, 43–4; and the anti-Medicean plot, 48, 49, 50, 52; on conflict with the mighty, 54; takes up arms, 55–6; loses support, 56–7; and Eugenius IV, 57; banished, 58; goes on pilgrimage, 80; Parentucelli and, 87

Alfonso I, King of Naples, 81, 84, 85

Alfonso II, King of Naples, 183, 184, 193

Alidosi, Francesco, Cardinal, 223

Allori, Alesundro (1535–1607), 322

Almeni, Sforza, 272

Ambrose, St, 71, 98

Ammanati, Bartolomeo (1511–92) and the Pitti Palace, 271, 328; Cosimo I and, 274; and the Villa Pratolino, 276; and San Giovannino degli Scolopi, 317; and the Villa of Castello, 323, 329; and the Neptune Fountain, 327; and the Pontc alia Carraia, 329

Ammianus Marcellinus, 45

Ammirato, Scipio, 163

Angelico, Fra, real name Guido di Pietri, monastic name Giovanni da Fiesole (1387–1455), his history, 94; his nature, 94; Gozzoli and, 110; his Crucifixion, 319; his Annunciation, 319

Anna Maria, Electress Palatine, neé Anna Maria Luisa di Cosimo de’ Medici, (1667–1743), 291; her marriage, 304; widowed, 304; and the Tuscan succession, 305; the last of the Medici, 309; death of, 310; her bequest, 310–11

Anna Maria Francesca of Saxe-Lauenberg, see Medici, Anna Maria Francesca, de’

Anne, Duchess of Brittany, and later Queen of France, 183

Antelminelli, Castrucrio Castracani degli, 320

Anttnori, Bernardino, 277

Antonio da Sangalio, 325

Apicius, Marcus Gabius, 45

Argyropoulos, John (1416-c. 1486), 69, 111, 122, 170

Ariosto, Ludovico(1474–1533), 227

Aristotle, 68

Arno, river, water displays on, 119, 282; Pazzi’s corpse in, 141; Savonarola’s remains thrown into, 200; in flood, 223, 279–80; Buonnacorsi’s corpse in, 270-1; Acciaiuoli palace on, 315

Assisi, 65, 74, 143

Astrology, 97–8, 324, 327

Avogrado, Giovanni, 317

Baglioni, Cesare, 330

Baglioni, Gian-Paolo, 207

Baldese, Ambrogiodi, 331

Baldovinetti, Mariotto, 52

Bande Nere, Giovanni delle, see Medici, Giovanni di Giovanni de’

Bank, Medici, branches of, 34; and the Papacy, 35, 36, 37, 88, 89, 129; Cosimo Pater Patriot and, 49, 59–60; and the, Florentine government, 55; Sforza and, 82; and alliance with Milan, 83; under Cosimo Pater Patriot, 86–8; and Sixtus IV, 128–9, 148; and Cittá di Castello, 129; declining fortunes of, 158

Banquets, at the wedding of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 117–18; given by Giovanni di Lorenzo as cardinal and Pope, 206, 225–6; given by the cardinals under Leo X and by Agostino Chigi, 224–5; Leo X’s, 225; for wedding of Maria de’ Medici, 281; in the Palazzo Vecchio, 289; of Cosimo III, 297

Baraballo, Fra, 226–7

Barbadori family, 316

Barbadori, Niccolò, 55, 57, 58

Bardi family, bankers, 39; and the Medici, 43, 87; their chapel in Santa Croce, 313; and the Via de’ Bardi, 314; and the Villa Medici, 318

Bardi, Bartolomeo de’, 36

Bardi, Contessina de’, see Medici, Contessina de’

Bardi, Giovanni de’, 38

Bardi, Niccolò di Betto, 90

Baroncelli, Bernardo Bandini, 135–6, 137, 138, 142

Bartolommeo, Fra, prop. Baccio della Porta (1475–1517), 192, 301 Battles,

Agnadello (1509), 207, 208, 209

Anghiari, (1440), 80, 194

Barga (1437), 80

Fomovo (1495), 195

Imola (1434), 55

Imola (1467), 107

Lepanto (1570), 266, 267

Marignano(1515), 220

Montemurlo(1537), 263

Pa via (1525), 240

Ravenna (1512), 208, 209

Beccadelli, Antonio, Henttaphroditus, 91

Becchi, Gentile, Bishop of Arezzo, 103, 165

Benavieni, Antonio, 107

Benci, Giovanni d’Amerigo, 87, 95

Benedetto da Rovezzano, 321, 323

Bentivoglio family, 65, 209, 222

Bentivogiio, Giovanni, and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 103, 149–50; warns Piero di Cosimo, 105; and capture and recapture of Bologna, 207, 208

Berlinghieri, Jacopo, 49

Bernardino of Siena, St (1380–1444), 23

Bessarion, Johannes, Archbishop of Nicaea (c.1395–1472), 67, 68

Bicci, Neri di, 320

Bisricci, Vespasiano da, 165; and Cosimo Pater Patrice, 39, 73, 74; on Cosimo Paler Patriae, 60, 97–8; and Council of Florence, 66; his tomb, 313

Boboli Gardens, origin of the name, 271; Cosimo I and, 274; Ferdinando I and, 280; Il Mondo Festeggianle in, 289, 328; Ruspanti in, 308; historical note on, 328; Perseus and the Dragon, 330

Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313–75), 278

Bogoli family, 271

Bologna, excommunication of, 45; rumours of plots in, 65; Medici office in, 87; Bishop of, 87; Savonarola a novice in, 179; taken and retaken, 207, 208; Cardinal Giovanni di Lorenzo in, 209; French forces withdraw from, 209; Leo X and Francis I in, 222

Borgia, Cam (1476–1507), 193, 201

Borgia, Roderigo, Cardinal, later Alexander VI, Pope, q.v. 203, 205

Borromeo, Giovanni, 132

Botticelli, Sandro, prop. Alessandro Filipepi (1444–1510), 165, 168; his works, 109–10, 166, 167, 315, 320, 322, 323, 331; designs Giuliano di Piero’s standard, 122; and the Pazzi conspirators, 142; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 167; cost of his work, 169; and Savonarola, 181; his pictures burned, 192; and the tragedy of Florence, 325; and Michelangelo’s David, 326

Bourbon, Charles, Duke of (1490–1527), 242–3, 344

Bracdolini, Jacopo di Poggio, 136, 139–40

Bracdolini, Poggio, 44, 45–6, 136

Bramante, prop. Donato d’Angelo Lazzari (1444–1514), 228, 229

Bravo, Cecco, 332

Bronzino, Agnolo (1502–72), 274

Brosses, Charles de, 310

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 321

Bninelleschi, Filippo (1377–1446), and bronze doors for the Baptistery, 70; Giovanni di Bicci commissions, 71; and basilica of San Lorenzo, 71–2, 317; and the Cathedral dome, 72, 313; Cosimo Pater Patriae and, 75; Donatello and, 90; and the Pazzi chapel, 131; and the Rotonda di Santa Maria Angeli, 314; and the Ospedale degli Innocenti, 316; and Santo Spirito, 323

Bruni, Leonardo (1369–1444), 44, 46, 47, 211, 313

Bueri, Piccarda, see Medici, Piccarda de’

Buggiano, (Andrea Cavalcanti), 319

Buonnaccorsi, Giuliano, 270–1

Buontalenti, Bernardo, and the Boboli Gardens, 271; and the Villa Pratolino, 276, 330; and the Uffizi palace, 278, 328; and Forte di Belvedere, 280; and Il Rapimento di Cefalo, 281; and the Cathedral façade, 324; and Santa Trinitá, 328; garden of the Villa of Castello, 323, 329; and Cereto Guidi, 330

Burchiello, the barber, 95

Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, 306

Buti, Lucrezia, 93

Byron, George Gordon, Baron Byron, 325

Cacdni, Giulio(1550-1618), 281, 328

Cacdni, Giovanni, 315, 319

Calabria, Alfonso, Duke of, later Alfonso II, King of Naples, q.v., and Florence, 148–9, 150, 155; and Duke of Ferrara, 151; progress of his forces, 152; in Siena, 159; and the Turkish invasion, 159; Maiano and, 167

Calabria, Duchess of, née ippolita Sforza, 103, 153

Camaldoli, Abbey of, 122, 321

Cambio, Arnolfo di (1232–1301), 313

Cambrai, League of, 207, 223

Campana, Francesco, 263

Capello, Bianca, set Medici, Bianca de’

Capponi family, 316

Capponi, Francesco, 251

Capponi, Neri, 52, 61, 82

Capponi, Piero de Gino, 190–1

Carafa, Diomede, 153–4

Carbonc, Lodovico, 96

Cardi, Lodovico, called Cigoli (1559–1613), 324

Cardona, Raymond de, 211, 212, 213, 220

Carnivals, see Festivals

Castagno, Andrea del, 320

Castellesi, Adriano, Cardinal, 233, 234, 238

Catherine de’ Medici, Queen of France, see Medici Caterina di Lorenzo de’ (1519–89)

Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England (1485–1536), 247, 248

Catherine of Siena, St (1347–80), 172, 278

Cattaneo, Simonetta, see Vespucci, Simonctta

Catullus, Valerius, 91

Cavalcanti family, 43

Cavalcanti, Ginevra, see Medici, Ginevra de’

Cavalcanti, Lorenzo, 137, 138

Caxton, William (c. 1422–c. 1491), 169

Cellini, Benvenuto (1500–71), on syphilis, 205; Clement VII and, 240, 246–7, 253; on his prowess as a gunner, 245–6; on Cosimo I, 258; his Perseus, 274, 329; his bust of Cosimo I, 327

Cennini, Bernardo, 150, 169

Cesarini, Cardinal julian (1398–1444), 67

Chalcondylas, Demetrius (1424–1511), 111, 170

Charlemagne, King of the Franks, and Roman Emperor, 30

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (Charles I, King of Spain; 1500–58), succeeds Ferdinand the Catholic, 223; succeeds Emperor Maximilian, 237; Leo X and, 237; takes Milan, 238; and Clement VII, 239, 240–1, 249, 251, 252; Imperial army marches on Rome, 241, 242–3; and Catherine of Aragon, 248; Imperial forces besiege Florence, 250; and Cosimo I, 264

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (1685–1740), 305

Charles VII, King of France (1403–61), 84

Charles VIII, King of France, called the Affable (1470–98), his ambitions, 182; his appearance, 182, 190; his personality, 183; and the invasion of Italy, 183–4, 185; Piero di Lorenzo and, 186; Savonarola greets, 188; enters Florence, 189–90; and Capponi, 190–1; in Naples, 193; and his army, 194, 195, 196; and Pisa, 197; death of, 201; and Franco-Florentine friendship, 208

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of England, 328

Chigi, Agostino, 225

Christina, Queen of Sweden (1626–89), 286, 330

Christine of Lorraine, see Medici, Christine de’

Chrysoloras, Emmanuel (c. 1355–1415), 47

Chrysoloras, John, 47

Cibò, Franceschetto, 162, 203

Cibò, Giovanni Battista, see Pope Innocent VIII

Cibò, Innocenzo, Cardinal, 248, 256, 257, 263, 264

Cibò, Lorenzo, 232

Cibò, Maddalena, née Maddalena di Lorenzo de’ Medici, 162, 203, 205

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 98

Cimtnlo, Del, 284, 285, 287

Ciompi, 25–6, 31, 257

Cione, Nardo di, 314

Clothes, the lucco, 21, 215, 262, 270; of 14th century Florentines, 21; of 15th century Florentines, 21–3; of Priori and Gonfatoniere, 26–7; of Bruni, 46; of Signoria, 62; of the Constantinopolitans, 67; ceremonial attire of Eugenius IV, 73; of Donatello, 92; scholars’ caps, 111; of Roman women, 114; of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 116–17, 124; of Clarice Orsini, 117; of Princess Eleonora of Naples, 121; of Charles VIII, 189; of Italian soldiers, 195; of national militia, 211; of Leo X, 221, 222; of Gonfaloniere Ridolfi, 221; of Fra Baraballo, 226; of Cosimo I, 267, 270; uniform of pages of Cosimo I, 268–9; of Grand Duke Gian Gastone, 308, 309

Cocco, Niccolò di, 55

Colonna family, 56, 241, 247

Colonna, Cardinal Pompeo, 235, 238, 239, 241, 326

Commines, Philippe de (1445–1509), 89, 149, 150, 151, 186

Compagnacci, 197, 199

Condotlieri, and early Renaissance warfare, 194; and Pisan-Florcntinc war, 210; untrustworthiness of, 211

Baglioni, Malatesta, 249, 250

Colleoni, Bartolommeo (1400–75), 106, 167

Hawkwood, Sir John, 320

Montesecco, Gian Battista, 132–4, 135, 136, 141–2

Niccolò da Tolentino, 52, 320

Piccinino, Jacopo, 194

Piccinino, Niccolò, 42, 80, 82

Sarueverino, Roberto da, 117

Sforza, Francesco, see separate entry

Trivulzio, Gian Giacomo, 149

Urbinp, Federigo da Montefeltro, Duke of, see separate entry

Constantinople, 64, 85

Copernicus, prop. Nicolaus Koppemigk (1473–1543), 240, 280

Cornaro, Cardinal, 225, 231

Corsini, Filippo, 118

Cosmas, St, 37

Cossa, Baldassare, Cardinal, later Pope John XXIII, q.v. (c. 1370–1419), 35, 87

Council of Bâle (1431–49), 64–5

Council of Constance (1414–18), 34, 35–6

Council of Florence (1438–45), 64, 66–8, 69, 87, 110

Council of Pisa (1409), 34

Craon, Prince Marc de, 309

Credi, Lorenzo di (1459–1537), 192

Crespi, Giuseppe Maria (1665–1747), 300

Cretensis, Demetrius, 170

Crusades, preached by Calixtus III, 86;

Pazzo de’ Pazzi and, 131

Curia, the, 95, 129

Dami, Giuliano, 303, 305, 307

Damian, St, 37

Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), 70, 171

Dati, Gregorio, 28

Del Cimento, 284, 285, 287

Democritus, 297

Diogenes Laertius, 47

Domenico da Pescia, Fra, 196, 198, 199, 200

Domenico, Giovanni di, 317

Donatello, prop. Donato di Betto Bardi (1386–1466), Michelozzo and, 75; his history, 90; his works, 90–1, 192, 312, 315, 318, 329; Cosimo di Giovanni and, 91, 92, 108; and the Genoese merchant, 91–2; attitude to money, 92; in old age, 92; Piero di Cosimo and, 107–8; and the tomb of John XXIII, 316; his gallery, 320

Donati, Lucrezia, 116, 121, 146

Doni, Paolo di, 108

Dovizi da Bibbiena, Bernardo, 206, 217, 227, 232

Dovizi da Bibbiena, Piero, 178, 206

Duomo, the, see Florence, Santa Maria del Fiorc, Cathedral of

Edward III, King of England (1312–77), 39

Edward IV, King of England (1442–83), 158

Eleonora, Princess of Naples, 121

Eieonora of Toledo, see Medici, Eleonora de’

Elizabeth, Queen of Spain (1692–1766), 305

Entragues, Robert de Balzac, 210

Este, Alfonso d’, see Ferrara, Duke of

Este, Borso d’, see Ferrara, Duke of

Este, Ercole d’, see Ferrara, Duke of

Este, Ippolito d’, Cardinal, 217

Este, Isabella d’, 324

Fancelli, Luca, 328

Farnese, Alessandro, Cardinal, later Pope Paul III, q.v. (1468–1549), 238

Farnese, Elizabeth, see Elizabeth, Queen of Spain

Farnese, Ottavio, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, 264

Federigo, Prince of Naples, 103, 153

Fedi, Pio, 329

Ferdinand the Catholic, King, V of Castile, II of Aragon and Sicily, and III of Naples (1452–1516), joins the Holy League, 194; and Louis XII, 201; and Leo X, 220, 222; death of, 223

Ferrai, Luigi Alberto, 264

Ferrante, Don, 84

Ferrante, King of Naples (1423–94), 103; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 117, 154; and Sixtus IV, 130, 154; and Florence, 148, 159; and the Sforzas, 151, 183; the Signoria distrusts, 153; and the Turkish invasion, 159; Savonarola and, 182; death of, 183

Ferrara, Cosimo di Giovanni at, 54; disastrous Council of, 65–6; Savonarola’s forebears at court of, 178; Leo X and, 237

Ferrara, Alfonso d’Este (I), Duke of (1476–1534), 208, 222

Ferrara, Alfonso d’Este (II) Duke of (1533–97). 269

Ferrara, Borso d’Este, Duke of, 105, 117

Ferrara, Duchy of, 219

Ferrara, Ercole d’Este, Duke of, 150, 151, 152

Ferrara, Lucrezia d’Este, Duchess of, née Medici, Lucrezia di Cosimo de’ (1544–61), 269

Ferrara, Marquis of, 50, 54

Fern, Antonio, 299

Ferri, Cirro, 285

Ferrucci, Francesco, 250, 327

Festivals, pageants of the Magi, 111; tournament to celebrate wedding of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 116; Florence famous for festivities, 119; Calendimaggio, 119, 297; of St John the Baptist, 119–20, 289; Lenten and Easter, 120; for Princess Eleonora of Naples, 121; Savonarola’s orders on carnivals, 192; encouraged under Cardinal Giovanni, 216; for the election of Leo X, 217–18; reception of Leo X in Florence, 220–2; celebrations for title of Grand Duke, 266; Cosimo I encourages, 273; for the wedding of Ferdinand I, 280–1; for the wedding of Maria de’ Medici and Henry IV, 281; for the wedding of Cosimo II, 282; for the wedding of Cosimo III, 289; Grand Prince Ferdinand arranges a joust, 308; abolition of Medici public holidays, 310; Scoppiv del Carro, 321–2

Fetti, Fra Mariano, 226, 231

Fiamingo, Niccolò, 274

Ficino, Marsilio (1433–99), Cosimo Paler Patriot and, 68–9, 77; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 103, 113, 122, 165; Poliziano and, 122; his villa, 316

Filarete, Antonio Averlino, 107

Filelfo, Francesco (1398–1481), 47–8, 51, 59

Florence, in 15th century, 19–21; government of, 25, 26–7, 28, 32; banner of, 26; territorial expansion, 32; trade, 33; the florin, 33; Martin V in, 36; Cosimo Pater Patriot returns to, 58; taxation in, 61–2; and the Council of Florence, 65–6, 68; entry of Eastern Emperor into, 66; Medici generosity for adornment of, 69; Cosimo Paler Potrioe on, 73; Cosimo Pater Patriot and foreign policy of, 79, 82–4; and Milan, 79–80, 83, 84, 105, 130; war declared on, 84, 148; Party of the Hill and Party of the Plain, 104, 105; return of the Medici, 105–6, 212, 214, 249, 251; and Venice, 106, 130; pageants and festivities in, 111, 118–19, 217–18; Florentine wedding customs, 117–18; lions of, 119, 173, 327; Milanese state visit to, 124; and die Papacy, 129, 130, 159–60; rioting in, 140; War of the Pazzi Conspiracy, 149–50, 151, 152, 155; and Naples, 155; Cennini’s printing press in, 169; Savonarola and, 179, 180, 181, 182, 191, 193, 197; attitude to French invasion of Italy, 184; Charles VIII enters, 189–90; Cinozzi on, 193; and France, 208; in decline, 210, 306–7; national militia of, 211, 213, 214; reception for Leo X, 220–2; flood and famine in, 223; Cardinal Giulio’s administration, 236; problem of government of, 237; resentment against Passerini and Clement VII in, 248–9; organization of defence of, 249; siege of, 250; surrenders to the Pope and the Emperor, 250–1; resentment against Alessandro de’ Medici, 254; Florentine navy, 266–7; under Ferdinand 1, 279

Accademia della Crusca, 323, 330

Baptistery, the, see San Giovanni Battista, church of

Bargello, the, Podestà at, 27; Albizzi intends to seize, 56; executions in, 142, 277; Botticelli’s paintings of the Pazzi conspirators in, 142; Donatello’s works in, 312, 318, 327; historical note on, 313; Verrocchio’s works in, 316, 323; Pollaiuolo’s work in, 320; Giambo-logna’s bronzes in, 323, 329; bust of Cosimo I in, 327

Borgo degli Albizzi, 321

BorgoPinti, 66, 331

Borgo San Piero, 117, 321

Borgo Sant’ Apostoli, 315

Campanile, the, 90, 320

Casa Buonarroti, 322

Casa Guidi, 321

Corso, the, 120

Corso dei Tintori, 332

Duomo, the, see Santa Maria del Fiore, Cathedral of

Forte di Belvedere, 280, 313, 324, 330

Fortezza da Basso, 254, 327

Fortezza di San Giorgio, 330

Giardino dei Semplici, 315

Loggia dei Lanzi, 199, 314, 329

Lungami, 282

Lungarno Acciaiuoli, 314

Lungarno Corsini, 314, 325–5

Lungarno Guicciardini, 325

Mercato Nuovo, 32, 217–18, 221, 313

Mercato Vecchio, 20, 34, 119, 120, 312

Ospedale degli Innocenti, 71, 316

Orti Oricellari, 313

Palazzi, see separate entries

Piazza dei Pitti, 273

Piazza del Duomo, 32, 75, 120, 189

Piazza della Repubblica, 312

Piazza della Signoria, Parlamcnto and, 27, 50, 57, 62, 191, 251; Signoria troops in, 56; circuses in, 119; and festival of St John the Baptist, 120; fighting in, 139; conspirators’ corpses hang in, 140; ordeal by fire in, 199; Savonarola burned in, 200; national militia parade in, 211; Soderini speaks in, 212–13; Medici supporters in, 214, 215–16; Leo X in, 221; rioting in, 248; Michelangelo’s David in, 249; executions in, 264; statues in the Loggia dei Lanzi, 274, 279, 280; Festa degli Omaggi, 289; the city’s lions in, 327; Ammanati’s Neptune Fountain in, 327; statue of Cosimo I in, 331

Piazza Piave, 327

Piazza Peruzzi, 315

Piazza San Marco, 322

Piazza Sant’ Apollinare, 56

Piazza Santa Croce, 312; tournaments in, 38, 116, 121, 314; mock battles in, 119; joust in, 300

Piazza Santa Maria Novella, 57, 273

Piazza Santo Spirito, 315

Piazza Santa Trinità, 119, 221, 331

Piazza Santissima Annunziata, 316, 331

Ponte alla Carraia, 274, 282, 328–9

Ponte Santa Trinità, 221, 274, 282, 289, 328

Ponte Vecchio, 20, 121, 200, 312

Portaal Prato, 120, 308, 313

Porta alla Croce, 120

Porta alla Giustizia, 254, 327

Porta di San Pier Gattolini, 36

Porta Romana, 121, 221

Porta San Gallo, 53, 187

Porta San Freliano, 189

Prato, the, 121

Rotonda di Santa Maria Angeli, 314

San Bartolommeo, church of, 73

San Gaetano, church of, 324

San Gaggio, convent of, 36–7

San Giovanni Battista, church of (the Baptistery), 31, 321; tomb and monument of John XXIII in, 36, 75; bronze doors of, 70–1, 110, 316; Dante on, 70; votive offering taken to, 120; historical note on, 316

San Giovannino degli Scolopi, 75, 317

San Lorenzo, Brunelleschi’s works in, 70, 75, 326; Giovanni di Bicci and, 71, 98, 319; Medici chapel, 71, 326; Donatello’s work for, 90; Cosimo Paler Palriae’s monument in, 98, 319; Donatello buried in, 108; the Medici tombs in, 112, 144, 174, 274, 293, 309, 321, 329; Savonarola preaches at, 179; Michelangelo and, 229, 240, 325; Capella dei Principi, 274, 293, 309, 313, 324, 329; Duke Ferdinand I inaugurates a ceremony at, 279; Medici emblems in, 313; Martelli chapel, 316; the Medici Library in, 316; historical note on, 317

San Marco, convent of, Cosimo Paler Patriot and, 69, 74; Lorenzo the Magnifi-cent’s body at, 174; Savonarola at, 179, 180, 181; treasures from Medici Library lodged at, 187, 316; refuge sought in, 199; Cosimo I and the Dominicans of, 265; historical note on, 317; Fra Angelico’s Crucifixion and Annunciation in, 319

San Martino, church of, 331

San Miniato al Monte, church of, 107, 319

San Pier Schieraggio, church of, 55, 316

Sant’ Ambrogio, church of, 93

Sant’ Antonio, convent of, 123

Sant’ Apostoli, church of, 131, 321

Santa Croce, church and convent of, 131; horse kept at, 26; meetings of Council of Florence in, 66; Cosimo Pater Patriot and, 73; Jacopo de’ Pazzi buried in, 141; Galileo buried in, 282, 317, 332; historical note on, 312–13; Bardi chapel, 314; Donatello’s Annunciation in, 315; Peruzzi chapel, 315; novices’ chapel, 317

Santa Felicità, church of, 316

Santa Maria degli Angeli, monastery of, 37, 47, 314

Santa Maria del Carmine, convent of, 92–3, 319

Santa Maria del Fiore, Cathedral of (the Duomo), 32; Arte della Lana and, 33; and Council of Florence, 67; Ghiberti’s windows for, 70; Brunelleschi’s dome, 72, 317; Donatello and, 90, 320; Delia Robbia’s singing gallery, 108, 320; Matins of Darkness, 120; Holy Saturday in, 120; and the Pazzi conspiracy, 135–6, 137–8; facade of, 168, 221, 324; lightning strikes, 173; Savonarola preaches in, 178, 180, 185, 196, 197; Compagnacci in, 197; congregation attacked in, 199; Leo X in, 222; Cosimo I in, 270; proxy marriage of Maria de’ Medici in, 281; ceremony for Ferdinand III and Marguerite Louise in, 288; historical note on, 313; cenotaphs in, 320; Scoppio del Carro, 321–2

Santa Maria Novella, church and convent of, Eugenius V in, 56, 57, 66, 73; meetings of Council of Florence in, 66; Ghirlandaio murals in, 102, 167, 319, 323; Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi in, 109; Tornabuoni chapeC 165; mad woman in, 173; secret messages left in, 212; Alberti designs facade of, 313; historical note on, 314; Strozzi chapel, 314; Capella Maggiore, 319, 323; Botticelli’s work for, 320; Viceroy of Naples lodged at, 327; Spanish chapel, 327

Santa Maria del Impruneta, 325

Santa Maria Nuova, hospital of, 71, 314, 316

Santa Trinità, church of, 167, 319, 328; Onofrio Strozzi chapel, no, 314; Sassetti chapel, 323; Gianfigliazzi chapel, 325

Santissima Annunziata, church of, Cosimo Pater Patriae and, 73; Piero di Cosimo’s gift to, 107; wax effigy of Lorenzo the Magnificent in, 143; Clement VH’s emgy thrown out of, 248; Cosimo I in, 270; exhibition of paintings in, 301; Caccini’s loggia in, 315; Pucci chapel, 315; the choir of, 317; the tabernacle, 320

Santo Spirito, church of, 168, 323

Straw Market, 313

Teatro della Pergola, 332

Uffizi, the, 316; function of, 271; art gallery in, 278, 327–8; Ferdinando I enlarges, 280; the Tribuna, 281; opera at, 281; nude statues in, 306; pictures in, 314; Uccello’s work in, 320; Pollaiuolo’s work in, 320; Botticelli’s works in, 320, 322; Gentile da Fabriano’s work in, 320

Via Bufalini, 71

Via Calimala, 312

ViaCavour, 317

Via de’ Bardi, 39, 43, 313, 314

Viade’Benci, 313

Via de’ Gori, 75, 76, 317

Via de’ Pucci, 315

Via de’ Servi, 137, 315, 325

Via degli Alfani, 314, 332

Via dei Leoni, 173, 327

Via del Cocomero, 286, 332

Via dclla Pergola, 286, 289, 332

Via della Scala, 286, 331, 332

Via della Vigna, 120

Via delta Vigna Nuova, 313

Via della Vigna Vecchia, 321

Via di San Gallo, 143

Via di Santa Margherita a Montici, 315

Via Ghibellina, 322

Via Guicciardini, 315

Via Lamarmora, 315

Via Larga, Medici home in, 32; Palazzo Medici in, 75, 76, 90, 215; Filippo Lippi in, 93; Pazzi and Giuliano di Picro in, 137; renamed, 317

Via Maggio, 221, 289, 321, 330

Via Maggiore, 321

Via Mazzetta, 321

Via Nuova Borg’ Ognissanti, 109

Via Palmieri, 321

Via Pietrapiana, 331

Via Porta Rossa, 32, 313

Via Proconsolo, 321

Via Ricasoli, 319, 326, 332

Via Rondinelli, 330

Via Santo Spirito, 327

Via Strozzi, 323

Via Tornabuoni, 314, 323, 330

Florence, Archbishops of, Antonio Pierozzi, 74, 95; Piero Riario, 128; Rinaldo Orsini, 130; Giulio de’ Medici, 232

Florentines, clothing of, 21–3; women, 22–3; Dati on, 28; Pius II on, 38; and the Medici, 50, 82; in fear of Don Ferrante, 84; Medici marriages with, 115; Mantuan envoy on Savonarola and, 185; celebrate defeats of Venice and the Pope, 209

Foggini, Giovanni Battista, 333

Foix, Gaston de(1489–1512), 209

France, and Florence and Milan, 84, 85: Piero di Cosimo ambassador to, 102; and battle of Ravenna, 208, 209; and Florence, 209

Franceschini, Baldassare, ‘il Volterrano’, 331, 332

Francesco da Puglia, Fra, 198, 199

Francesco da Sangallo, 325

Francesco II, Duke of Lorraine, later Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (1708–65), 309

Francesi, Napoleone, 141, 142

Franchi, Rosello di jacopo, 331

Franciabigio, prop. Francesco di Cristofano Bigi (1482–1325), 322

Franciotto, Galeotto, Cardinal, 206

Francis I, King of France (1494–1547), 252; Leo X and, 219, 222; his appearance and ambition, 219; invades Italy, 220; and Parma and Piacenza, 237; Charles V defeats, 238, 240; and Clement VII, 239, 241

Frundsberg, Georg von (1473–1538), 241–2

Fuorusciti, 263–4

Furini, Francesco, 285, 332

Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642), 292; his history, 282; burial of, 282, 317, 332; Ferdinando II and, 282, 284, 317; his telescope, 331; his papers in Biblioteca Nazionale, 332

Gaza,Theodorus(1398–1478), 170

Genoa, Medici office in, 34; and Smyrna alum mines, 88; and Florence, 159, 163; buys Sarzana, 210

Gentile da Fabriano (137O?–1427?), and the Constantinopolitans, 67; Adoration of the Magi, 110, 314, 320

Ghiberti, Lorenzo (1378–1435), and bronze doors for the Baptistery, 70–1, 316; and the Cathedral dome, 72; his statue of St Matthew, 73; Donatello and, 90; Gozzoli and, 110; his wooden screen in the Cathedral, 137; his bronzes in Orsanmichele, 317

Ghiberti, Vittorio, 316

Ghirlandaio, Domenico Curradi (1444–94), 168; his murals in Santa Maria Novella, 102, 167, 319, 323; Michelangelo and, 165

Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo(1483–1561), 314

Giambologna, prop. Jehan de Boulogne (1529–1608), 328; bronzes by, 276, 323; equestrian statue of Cosimo I, 280, 331; and the Cathedral façade, 324; his Rape of the Sabines, 329; l’ Appenino, 330; equestrian statue of Ferdinando I, 331

Gianfigliazzi, Selvaggia de’, 325

Gigli, Girolamo, 278

Ginori, Caterina Soderini, 255, 256

Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337), 108, 314, 315, 320

Giovanni, Bertoldo di, 165

Giovanni da San Giovanni, 285, 332

Giovio, Paolo, 226

Girolami, Raffaelo, 251

Giuliano da Maiano, 167, 321

Giuliano da Sangallo, 164, 316, 322, 323, 325

Giulio Romano, prop. Giulio Pippi de’

Giannuzzi (c. 1492–1546), 240

Gonsalvo de Cordoba (1453–1515), 202

Gonzaga, Eleonora, see Medici, Eleonora de’

Gonzaga, Francesco, Marquis of Mantua, 194, 195–6, 206

Gonzaga, Ghismondo, Cardinal, 217

Gorini, Fioretta, 144, 322

Government, trade guilds and, 25, 26; organization of, 26, 27; Albizzi family control, 32; Ten of War, 42–3, 151; and the Albizzi plot, 49, 50

Accoppiatori, 60–1, 62–3, 104, 191

Balla, 106, 191; and the anti-Medici plot, 50: and the Medici, 58, 216; confirm powers of Accoppiatori, 62–3; Lorenzo the Magnificent admitted to, 125; creates Council of Seventy, 156; after the siege of Florence, 251

Cento, 125

Collegi, 27, 105

Council of Seventy, 156–7

Dodici Procuratori, 157

Confalonieri. office of, 26; dress of, 27; holders of the office of, 30–1, 32, 55, 60; 62, 90, 104, 152, 220, 251; increase in power of, 63; Cosimo Pater Patriae, 66; in procession, 73; Piero di Cosimo, 101; Cesare Petrucci, 138–9; excommunicated, 148; Soderini appointed for life, 210; Capponi appointed for a year, 248–9; a pro-Medicean, 251; abolition of the office, 264

Parlamento, 27, 106, 191, 216

Priori, selection of, 26; dress of, 26–7; prestige, 29; holders of the office, 32, 95, 101, 104: and the anti-Medici plot, 49, 52, 56; in procession, 71, 73; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 139; and Piero di Lorenzo, 186

Signoria, method of forming, 26; organization, 27; and the 15th century Albizzi-Medici conflict, 32, 42, 49, 52–3, 35–8; manipulation of elections, 60; and foreign affairs, 79; honour Cosimo Pater Palriae, 98; and the Medici, 106, 187; seal of, 109; and the Volterran riots, 126; and ecclesiastical appointments, 130; and the Pope, 148, 149; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 153; its authority limited, 157; Piero di Lorenzo and, 186; get Medici jewels, 187; Charles VM and, 190; Accoppiatori and, 191; watch the bonfire of vanities, 192; Alexander VI and, 197; and Savonarola, 198, 200; and Cardinal Giovanni, 208; war drains the resources of, 210; and a national militia, 211; and Lorenzo di Piero’s title, 220; abolition of, 264; and the Medici library, 316

Gorini, Simonetta, 233

Gozzoli, Benozzo (c.1420–97), 67, 110–12, 320–1

Grandi, and government of Florence, 28; and Cosimo di Giovanni, 43; Medici declared to be, 52; become eligible for election to office, 61

‘Great Schism’, the (1378–1417), 34

Greek Orthodox Church, 64, 65, 67

Grocyn, William (c 1446–1519), 170

Grosso, Niccolò, 76, 318

Guadagni family, 58

Guadagni, Bernardo, 49, 51–2

Guasconi family, 58

Guicciardini family, 58

Guicciardini, Francesco (1483–1340), 315; on Cosimo Pater Patriae, 63; on Lorenzo the Magnificent, 146, 157; on Capponi and Charles VIII, 190; on the French in Naples, 193; on French artillery, 195; on the sack of Prato, 213–14; on Giulio de’ Medici, 233; on Giovanni delle Bande Nere, 242; on Clement VII, 243; on Cardinal Passerini, 248; on the aftermath of the siege of Florence, 251; eulogizes Alessandro de’ Medici, 254; leader of the Palleschi, 256, 257; and Cosimo I, 257, 258, 264; Varchion, 263

Guicciardini, Giovanni, 55, 56

Guicciardini, Luigi, 160

Guicciardini, Piero, 56

Guilds, trade, Florentine, 25–6; and Signoria, 26; cloth and wool, 33; Am del Cambio, 33, 73; Arte di Por Santa Maria, 71; and the Cathedral dome, 72; commission statues for Orsanmichele, 73; and number of working-days per year, 119; on verge of ruin, 210; of the Calimala, 319–20

Hadfield, Charles, 325

Handel, George Frederick (1685–1759), 300

Hanno, elephant belonging to Pope Leo X, 226

Henry VIII, King of England (1491–1547), 239, 247–8

Henry II, King of France, see Orléans, Henri

de Valois, Duke of

Henry IV, King of France (1553–1610), 281

Holy Leagues, Florence, Milan, the Pope and Venice, 85; Alexander VI’s, 194; mercenaries in battle, 195; Savonarola and, 196; League of Cambrai, 207, 223; Julius II’s, 208, 209, 211–12, 214

Humanists, Cosimo Pater Patriae, 37–8; Albizzi and, 43–4; friends of Cosimo Pater Patriae, 43, 46, 47; Piccolimini and Parentucelli, 88; and vernacular poetry, 170

Imola, 107, 128, 129, 131, 132

Insignia, of Florence, 26, 33, 313; of the Medici, 30, 48, 102, 111, 313, 319, 323; of Arte della Lana, 33; of Cosimo Pater Patriae, 76, 111; of the Medici bank, 87; Valois lilies, 102; seal of the Signoria, 109; standard of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 117; of citizens of Florence, 215; Cardinal Giovanni’s personal device, 216; of Del Cimento, 284; Peruzzi family emblem, 315; arms of Piero di Cosimo, 320; the Castracani leopard, 321; Francesco I and the Medici emblem, 331

Jews, 129, 279, 297, 307

Joanna, Archduchess of Austria, see Medici, Joanna de’, Grand Duchess

John VII Paleologus, Emperor of die East (c. 1423–48), 83; and the Pope, 64; enters Florence, 66; and the Council of Florence, 67, 68;and the Florentine-Milanese alliance, 83; Gozzoli and, 110

Kallistos, Andronicus, 122

Knights of St John of Jerusalem, 267

Knights of Santo Stefano, 266

La Badia, monastery of, 73

Ladislaus, King of Naples, 35

Lama, Guaspare di Zanobi del, 109

Landini, Taddeo, 328

Landino, Cristoforo, 103, 122

Landucci, Luca, on Italian warfare, 151; on the attack on Colle, 152; on an alleged assassin, 158; and die influence of Savonarola, 193; on die burning of Savonarola, 200; on the national militia, 211; his confidence, 211–12

Lannoy, Charles de, 241

Lascaris, Giovanni, called Rhyndacenus (c. 1445–1535). 169, 228

Latimer, William, 170

Latino, Cardinal, 116

Lenzi, Lorenzo, 185

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), 168, 228, 240, 324

Leoni, Piero, 173, 174

Libraries, of San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, 54, 315; the Medici, 69, 88, 107, 169, 187, 240, 299; Vatican, 69; of San Barto-lommeo, 73; Biblioteca Laurenziana, 240, 326; Biblioteca Nazionale, 332; the Palatina, 332

Linacre, Thomas (c. 1460–1524), 170

Lions of Florence, 119, 173, 327

Lippi, Anniballe, 330

Lippi, Filippino (c. 1458–1504), 165, 168, 319; his birth, 93; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 167; his mural at Poggio a Caiano, 322

Lippi, Fra Filippo, called Lippo lippi (c. 1406–69); his history, 92–3; his behaviour, 93; Cosimo Paler Patriae and, 93–4; Botticelli and, 109; The Virgin Adoring the Child, 110, 320; his altarpiece in San Lorenzo, 316; Coronation of the Virgin, 319

Lombardi, Giovanni, 330

Lorraine, Charles, Prince of, 288, 290

Lorraine, Francesco II, Duke of, later Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (1708–65), 309

Louis XI, King of France (1423–83), 102, 149, 182

Louis XII, King of France (1462–1515), 201, 207, 208, 219

Louis XIV, King of France (1638–1715), 281; Marguerite-Louise and, 288, 291, 293–4, 295, 296; and Cosimo III, 292

Lucca, 42, 83, 150, 210

Lucretius, prop. Titus Lucretius Carus, 45

Luther, Martin (1483–1546), 237, 245

Machiavelli, Niccolò di Bernardo (1469–1527), and the battle of Anghiari, 194; appearance, 210; organizes national militia, 211; on the sack of Prato, 214; The Prince, 214, 326; his advice sought, 219; Mandragola, 227; his papers, 332

Maddalena, Cosimo’s slave-girl, 39–40

Madeleine de la Tour d’ Auvergne, see Urbino, Duchess of

Maffei, Fra Antonio, 136, 137–8, 141

Maffei, Raffaele, 141

Mahomet II, ‘the Conqueror’, Sultan of Turkey (1430–81), 160

Malavolti, Federigo, 51

Malespini family, 43

Manetti, Antonio, 317

Manetti, Giannozzo, 61, 82

Manfredi, Taddeo, 128

Mann, Sir Horace, 325, 328

Mannaioni, Giulio, 319

Mantua, Francesco Gonzaga, Marquis of, 194, 195–96, 206

Manuel I, King of Portugal (1469–1521), 226

Marco da Fienza, 330

Margaret of Parma, see Medici, Margaret de’

Marguerite Louise of Orléans, see Medici, Margaret Louise de’

Maria Maddalena, Archduchess of Austria, see Medici, Maria Maddalena de’. Grand Duchess

Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria (1717–80), 309

Mariano, Fra, 180, 181

Marie de’ Medici, Queen of France (1573–1642), 281

Marsuppini, Carlo, 44, 47, 48, 313

Martelli family, 57

Martelli, Camilla, see Medici, Camilla de’

Mary, Queen of France, 219

Masaccio, prop. Tomasso Guidi (1401–28?), 92, 319

Masolino da Panicale (1383–1447), 319

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459–1519), and Anne of Brittany, 183; joins the Holy League, 194; and Julius II, 207; Leo X and, 220; death of, 237

Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, orig. Giulio Mazarini (1602–61), 288

Medici, the, origins of, 30; insignia of, 30; public service, 30–1; the Albizzi and, 43, 55, 212; the Martelli and, 57; sentence of banishment revoked, 58; opposition to, 104; Gozzoli and, 110; and Poliziano, 122; and the Pazzi, 131, 132; Signorla declares them banished, 187; Savonarola and, 191; restoration of, 212, 214, 216; election of a Medici Pope, 217; the Sacred College and, 235; and Henry of Navarre, 281; and the Inquisition, 297; the Medici holidays abolished, 310; bequest of the Medici treasures, 310–11; and the Palazzo Medici, 317–18; the Medici collections, 324, 332

Medici, Alessandro de’, illegitimate son of Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino or of Cardinal Giulio, 239, 257, 262; his parentage, 236; his unpopularity, 248; Clement VII’s plans for, 251; and Ippolito, 252–3; Florentine resentment against, 253–4; his marriage and death, 254–5; and Lorenzaccio di Pierfrancesco, 255; assassination of, 256

Medici, Alfonsina de’, née Orsini, 178, 187, 236

Medici, Anna Maria Francesca de’, née Anna Maria Francesca of Saxe-Lauenberg, 302–3

Medici, Anna Maria Luisa di Cosimo de’, see Anna Maria, Electress Palatine

Medici, Ardingo de’, 30

Medici, Averardo de’, 31

Medici Bank, see Bank, Medici

Medici, Bianca de’, née Capello, 275–6, 278, 329, 330

Medici, Bianca di Piero de’, see Pazzi, Bianca

Medici, Camilla de’, née Martelli, 272–3

Medici, Carlo de’, illegitimate son of Cosimo Pater Patriar, 40, 93, 314

Medici, Caterina di Lorenzo de’, Duchess of Urbino and later Queen of France (1519–89), 239, 280; birth of, 235; created Duchess of Urbino, 236; her marriage, 252

Medici, Christine de’, née Christine of Lorraine (1565–1636), 280, 283

Medici, Clarice de’, née Orsini, Lucrezia de’ Medici on, 114–15; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 116, 145–7; her wedding celebrations, 117–18; at Pistoia, 145; and Poliziano, 145; her temperament, 146; and her children, 147, 162; her death, 147; and Giovanni’s birth, 202; and Botticelli’s Portrait of a Young Woman, 322

Medici, Clarice di Piero de’, see Strozzi, Clarice

Medici, Contessina de’, née de’ Bardi, 43, 47; marriage, 38; personality, 39; Donatello’s bronze head of, 91

Medici, Contessina di Lorenzo de’, see Ridolfi, Contessina

Medici, Cosimino di Giovanni de’, 96

Medici, Cosimo de’, illegitimate son of Cosimo 1, 266

Medici, Cosimo di Ferdinando de’, later Cosimo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1590–1620), 281–2

Medici, Cosimo di Giovanni de’. Pater Patriae (1389–1464), 32; imprisoned, 19, 50, 51, 200; education, 37; and humanism, 37–8; his personality, 38, 41; his marriage, 38, 39; and his slave-girl, 39–40; and war with Lucca, 42–3; his friends, 44, 45–7; and Filelfo, 48; and the Albizzi plot, 48, 49–52; commissions a library for San Giorgio Maggiore, 54; in exile, 54–5; returns to Florence, 58; banishes his enemies, 58–9; in politics, 59–60, 61–3; his unostentatious behaviour, 60, 73; Vespasiano da Bisticci on, 60, 97–8; Pius II on, 63; Guicciardini on, 63; and Council of Florence, 64, 65–6; his interest in philosophy, 68–9; and Ficino, 68–9, 77; his library, 69, 88; a generous patron, 69, 71, 73; and Brunelleschi, 70; and Ghiberti’s reliquary, 70; his munificence, 73–4; his new palazzo, 75–6; his love of country life, 77; and his villas, 77, 78, 316; and Florence’s foreign policy, 79, 82–6; and Francesco Sforza, 82; the Venetian ambassador on, 85; and Calixtus III, 86, 157; the banker, 86–8, 104, 129: and Pius II, 88; and Donatello, 91, 92; and Filippo Lippi, 93–4; his respect for artists, 94; and Fra Angelico, 94; on painters, 94; in old age, 94–5, 96; and his grandson, 96; death of, 97; his funeral, 98, 101–2; memorial to, 98, 319; in the Magi pageant, III; Gozzoli and, III; Savonarola and, 180; Leo X on, 261; Novices’ Chapel, Santa Croce, 313; and Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi, 320; and Luca Pitti, 328; statue to, 331; and the old sacristy of San Lorenzo, 317

Medici, Cosimo di Ferdinando de’, later Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642–1723), his temperament, 287; his appearance, 288, 292, 297; his marriage, 288–9, 290, 291, 294–5, 328; in I1 Mondo Festeggiante, 289; travels abroad, 292; economic problems, 293, 296; a bigot, 297–8, 306; punishment under, 298; levies taxes, 298–9, 307; and Grand Prince Ferdinand, 301; worried and ill, 303–4; and the Tuscan succession, 305; his religious zeal, 305–6; death of, 306; and the Villa Medici, 318; and the Cathedral façade, 324; and the Villa Ambrogiana, 333

Medici, Cosimo di Giovanni de’, later Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1519–74), 312; elected to power in Florence, 257–8; Cellini on, 258; and his father, 261–2; his appearance, 262; his childhood, 262; his nature, 262–3, 267–8, 270; Varchi on, 263; and the Fuorosciti, 263–4; and Charles V, 264; his marriages, 264, 273; his ruthlessness, 264–5; his ambition, 265–6; Grand Duke, 266; creates the Florentine navy, 266–7; his pleasures, 267; and his wife, 269, 272; the children of, 269; and the death of his daughter, 269–70; his austerity, 270; attempted assassinations of, 270–1; and his son Francesco, 272; his mistresses, 272–3; death of, 273; his achievements, 273–4; and his daughter-in-law, 275; Giambologna’s equestrian statue of, 280, 331; and the Giardino dei Semplici, 315; and his villas, 316, 330; and the lions of Florence, 327; Pitti Palace altered for, 328; his Landsknechte, 329

Medici, Don Giovanni de’, illegitimate son of Cosimo 1, 324

Medici, Eleonora de’, daughter of Don Garzia of Toledo (1556–76), 277

Medici, Eleonora de’, née Eleonora Toledo (1522–62), 264, 268–9, 271, 272, 328

Medici, Eleonora de’, née Gonzaga, 304

Medici, Ferdinando di Cosimo de’, Cardinal, later Ferdinando I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1549–1609), Grand Duke, 279–80; his lavish expenditure, 280; wedding celebrations for, 280–1; and Ponte Vecchio, 312; his arms, 313; and Santa Trinità, 328; and Bianca Capello, 329; and Villa Medici, Rome, 330; erects monuments in Piazza Santa Trinità, 331

Medici, Ferdinando di Cosimo de, later Ferdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1610–70), and Galileo, 282, 317; his appearance, 283; his temperament, 283, 285; and Del Cimento, 284; his interest in mosaic, 285; and his brother Gian Carlo, 286; and his son Cosimo, 287, 288; and Marguerite-Louise, 290, 291; death of, 293; and the Grand Ducal Library, 332

Medici, Ferdinando di Cosimo de’. Grand Prince (1663–1713), 290, 300–1, 304, 320

Medici, Filigno di Conte de’, 31

Medici, Filippo di Francesco de’, 275

Medici, Francesco di Cosimo de’. Grand Duke of Tuscany (1541–87), 269; his nature and appearance, 275; and his mistress, 275, 276; his second marriage, 276; and his brother Pietro, 277; his interests, 278; and Palazzo della Signoria, 312

Medici, Francesco Maria di Ferdinando de’. Cardinal (1660–1710), 299–300, 304

Medici, Garcia di Cosimo de’ (1547–62), 269, 272

Medici, Gian Carlo di Cosimo de’, Cardinal (1611–63), 286, 332

Medici, Gian Gastone di Cosimo de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1671–1737), birth of, 293; his marriage, 302–3; his unhappiness, 303; returns to Florence, 304–5; Grand Duke, 307; his disreputable behaviour, 308–9; death of, 309, 310

Medici, Ginevra de’, née degli Albizzi, 96

Medici, Ginevra de’, née Cavalcanti, 43

Medici, Giovanni di Bicci de’ (1360–1429), his personality, 31–2, 40; his appearance, 31; in public life, 32; his business, 33, 34, 35; and John XXIII, 34, 36; and Martin V, 36; and his son Cosimo, 38, 44; advice to his sons, 40–1; a generous patron, 69, 71; and the Baptistery bronze doors, 70; his cornelian cameo, 70; his funeral, 98; his tomb, 317; his sarcophagus, 319

Medici, Giovanni di Cosimo de’ (1421–63), 39, 101; and Villa Belcanto, 77–8; and his father, 95; character and appearance, 95; public servant, 95; his slave-girl, 95–6; death of, 96; his tomb, 112, 321; and Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi, 320

Medici, Giovanni di Cosimo de’ (1543–62), 269

Medici, Giovanni di Giovanni de’, called Giovanni delle Bande Nere (1498–1526), 242, 257, 261–2, 263

Medici, Giovanni di Lorenzo de’, later Pope Leo X, q.v. (1475–1521), his education, 145; and his father, 147; and his brother, 187; flees from Florençe, 187; his early preferment, 202–3; his appearance, 203; his nature, 203, 217; advice from his father, 204–5; travels abroad, 205; his pleasures, 206; Julius II impressed by, 208; military matters, 209–10, 212, 214; returns to Florence, 215–16; ill, 216; Pope, 217

Medici, Giovanni di Pierfrancesco de’. 115, 178, 185, 187

Medici, Giuliano di Lorenzo de’. Duke of Nemours (1478–1516), his personality, 206, 216, 219; enters Florence, 215; Gonfaloniere of the Church, 219; his marriage, 219; created Duke, 222; his death, 223; his bastard, 236; his tomb, 240, 326

Medici, Giuliano di Piero de’ (1453–78), 102; Botticelli and, 109, 320, 322; Gozzoli and, III; and Clarice Orsini, 117; delights in festivities, 120–1; his giostra, 121–2; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 133–7; assassinated, 138; his illegitimate son, 144; his tomb, 240, 326; and Gozzoli’s fresco, 321

Medici, Giulio de’, illegitimate son of Alessandro de’ Medici, 257, 266

Medici, Giulio de’, illegitimate son of Giuliano di Piero; later Pope Clement VII, q.v. (1478–1534), 237; his birth, 144; flees to Venice, 187; and his cousin Giovanni di Lorenzo, 205, 206; and Albizzi, 212; and Francis I, 220, 222; Leo X and, 232–3; Guicciardini on, 233; and election of Adrian VI, 238; his mode of living, 239; Pope, 239

Medici, Guccio de’, 30, 90

Medici, Ippolito de’, illegitimate son of Giuliano di Lorenzo, 239, 262; his birth, 223, 236; his unpopularity, 248; created cardinal, 252; and Alessandro, 252–3, 254; death of, 254

Medici, Isabella di Cosimo de’, see Orsini, Isabella

Medici, Joanna de’. Grand Duchess of Tuscany, formerly Archduchess of Austria, 275, 276, 312

Medici, Leopoldo di Cosimo de’, Cardinal (1617–75), 284–5, 328, 332

Medici, Lorenzaccio di Pierfrancesco de’, also called Lorenzino(1514–47), 255–6, 265

Medici, Lorenzo de’, illegitimate son of Cosimo 1, 266

Medici, Lorenzo di Giovanni de’ (1395–1440), 32, 43; and the Albizzi anti-Medicean plot, 52; returns to Florence, 58; and the Council of Florence, 66; Gozzoli and, 111; and Villa of Careggi, 316

Medici, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’, 178, 185, 187, 323

Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de’, called Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449–92), 102, 212, 257, 274; his appearance, 103, 113; his education, 103; on diplomatic missions, 103; and the anti-Medici plot, 105–6; Botticelli and, 109; Gozzoli and, III; his happy temperament, 113; his enjoyment of life, 114, 118; his versatility, 114; his marriage, 114, 115; his wedding celebrations, 116–18; his delight in festivities, 120–1, 216; patron of artists, writers and scholars, 122, 164–8, 170, 322, 323; Poliziano on, 122, 174; and public office, 123, 125; respect for, 124; and Volterra, 125–7; the banker, 129, 158–9; and Sixtus IV, 129–30, 148, 150, 159; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 131–8, 140; wax effigies of, 142–3, 315; and his children, 144, 162; and his wife, 145–7; relationships with women, 146–7; the Signoria on, 149; and the defence of Florence, 150–1; his mission to Naples, 152–5; his generosity, 155; his authority and influence, 156–7, 160, 162; and Innocent VIII, 161–2, 202–3; his prestige, 162–3; connoisseur of architecture, 168; collector, 169; poet, 170–2; dying, 172–4; death of, 174; and Savonarola, 181, 182; and his son Giovanni, 202–5; his tomb, 240, 326; Verrocchio’s fountain, 275; and Poggio a Caiano, 314; and Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi, 320; Filippo Strozzi and, 323–4

Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de’. Duke of Urbino (1492–1519), 202, 212; and the election of Leo X, 217; the Pope’s representative in Florence, 219; and Francis L 220; his new title, 220; takes Urbino and assumes title, 224; Leo X and, 232; marriage and death of, 235; his unpopularity, 236; his bastard, 236; his tomb, 240, 326

Medici, Lucrezia de’, née Tornabuoni, 123; poet, 102, 170; wife and mother, 102; and Botticelli, 109; on Clarice Orsini, 114–15; at Lorenzo’s wedding banquet, 117; and Lorenzo, 123; Poliziano confides in, 145; and Bagno a Morba, 172; portrayed by Ghirlandaio, 319

Medici, Lucrezia di Cosimo de, see Ferrara, Lucrezia d’Este, Duchess of

Medici, Lucrezia di Lorenzo de’, see Salviati, Lucrezia

Medici, Lucrezia di Piero de’, see Rucellai, Lucrezia

Medici, Luigia di Lorenzo de’, 115

Medici, Maddalena di Lorenzo de’, see Cibò, Maddalena

Medici, Margaret de’, later Margaret of Parma, 251, 255, 264

Medici, Marguerite-Louise de’. Grand Duchess of Tuscany, née Marguerite-Louise of Orleans (1645–1721), her reluctance to marry, 288; and Ferdinand in, 288–9; and the crown jewels, 289; bored and unhappy, 289–91; pregnancy and illness, 290, 291, 293; her indiscreet behaviour, 290,294,296; and her mother-in-law, 293; asks for a separation, 294; retires to a French convent, 295–6

Medici, Maria de’, née Salviati, 257, 261, 263, 269

Medici, Maria di Cosimo de’, 269

Medici, Maria di Francesco de’, see Marie de Medici, Queen of France

Medici, Maria di Piero de’, see Rossi, Maria

Medici, Maria Maddalena de’. Grand Duchess of Tuscany, formerly Archduchess of Austria, 282, 283, 332

Medici, Mario Bartolommeo de’, 55

Medici, Manias di Cosimo de’, Prince (1613–67), 285–6, 290, 332

Medici, Piccarda de, née Bueri, 32

Medici, Pierfrancesco di Giovanni de’, 115, 159 255

Medici, Piero di Cosimo de’ (1414–69), birth, 39; Accoppiatori, 63; his poor health, 95, 101; on his father, 97; and his father’s monument, 98; his appearance and character, 101; the banker, 101–2, 104; and Ficino, 103; and the plot against the Medici, 105–6; and government of Florence, 107; his munificence, 107;

Filarete on, 107; friend and patron of artists, 107–12; Botticelli’s Fortitude, 109–10; his tomb, 112, 321; and Donatello’s Judith Slaying Holofemes, 319; and San Miniato al Monte, 320; and Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi, 320

Medici, Piero di Lorenzo de’ (1471–1503), 135, 173, 212; and his father, 174; his appearance, 177; his temperament, 177–8; and his cousins, 178; and the French invasion, 184, 185; and Charles VIII, 186; flees to Venice, 187; hopes to reinstate himself, 201; death of, 202; his tomb, 324–5

Medici, Pietro di Cosimo de’, 269, 277

Medici, Salvestro de’, 31

Medici, Vieri di Cambio de’, 34

Medici, Violante Beatrice de’, née Princess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria, 301, 304, 308, 320

Medici, Vittoria de’, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, nit Delia Rovere, 287, 293

Melani, Jacopo, 289

Mercenaries (see also Condottieri), 42, 56, 125, 126, 139

Michelangelo, prop. Michelangiolo Buonarroti (1475–1564), 168; on Ghiberti’s bronze doors, 71; ‘kneeling windows’, 76; his history, 165; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 166; and Savonarola, 181; and Julius II, 207, 229; Leo X and, 229, 240; Clement VII commissions, 240.; Biblioteca Laurenziana, 240, 326; and the defences of Florence, 249–50; his tomb, 312; and the Palazzo Medici, 318; his early work, 322; and the new sacristy at San Lorenzo, 326; his David, 326; and the commission for a Hercules, 327; and the Boboli Gardens, 328; his compasses, 331; his papers, 332

Michelozzi, Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1396–1472), and San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, 54, 315; monastery of San Marco, 74; Cosimo Pater Patriae commissions, 75: and Palazzo Medici, 75, 76; and the Medici villas, 77, 95, 315, 316; and Medici bank in Milan, 87; and the pageant of the Magi, III; and Palazzo deUa Signoria, 312; and the Novices’ Chapel, Santa Croce, 313. 317; and the tomb of John XXIII, 316; and the tabernacle of Santissima Annunziata, 320

Milan, Medici bank in, 87, 158; artists in, 167, 168; printing presses in, 169; Cardinal Giovanni in, 209; French troops occupy, 220; fall of, 238

Milan, Duchy of, government of, 27; Florence and, 42, 79–80, 83, 84, 106, 130, 149. 151; battle of Imola, 55; Venice and Naples declare war on, 84; Duke of Orleans and, 194; Spaniards and, 219: Francis I and, 222; Charles V and, 237

Milan, Dukes of, see the Sforzas and Visconti, Filippo Maria

Mino da Resole, 331

Mirandola, Pico della, see Pico della Mirandola, Count Giovanni Moncada, Don Ugo di, 241

Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533–92), 276

Monte Cassino Abbey, 202, 324–5

Montefeltro, Federigo da, set Urbino, Federigo Montefeltro, Duke of

Montesquieu, Charles, Baron de la Brède et de, 279

Montpensier, Anne-Marie-Louise d’Orléans, Duchesse de, called Mademoiselle, 292

Morello, the horse of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 114

Museums and galleries,

Galleria dell’ Accademia Carrara, Bergamo, 325

Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, 325

Metropolitan Museum, New York, 330

Musée de Sevres, 330

Musée du Louvre, Paris, 320, 330

Museo degli Argent, 328

Museo deU’ Accademia, 319, 326

Museo dell’ Opera del Duomo, 320

Museo dell’ Opera di Santa Croce, 315, 321

Museo Home, 313

Museo Nazionale, 313

Museo Nazionale di Storia della Scienza, 331

National Gallery, London, 315, 320

PaUavicini collection, Rome, 325

Uffizi, look under Florence

Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 320, 330

Naples, 34, 87, 158, 169

Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, strife in, 27–8; Sforza a condottien for, 81; Florentines expelled from, 83; France and, 84, 183, 186; declares war on Florence and Milan, 84; and Florence, 106, 150, 152, 155; Orsini estates in, 116; Lorenzo the Magnificent’s mission to, 152–5; Sixtus IV and, 159; Charles Vm in, 193; Spain and, 208; Leo X’s plans for, 219; Francis I and, 222

Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 330

Nardi,Jacopo, 213, 254

Nasi, Bartolommea dei, 146

Nemours, Duchess of, see Philiberte of Savoy, Princess

Nemours, Duke of, see Medici, Giuliano di Lorenzo de’

Neroni, Diotisalvi, 104, 105, 106, 124

Niccoli, Niccolò, his personality and interests, 44–5; and Bractiolini, 45, 46; Bruni disapproves of, 46; and Traversari, 47; and Filelfo, 47, 48; his books, 69; and Dante’s poetry, 171

Nocera, Bishop of, 244

Nori, Francesco, 137, 138

Orange, Philibert, Prince of (r. 1502–30), 242, 244, 250

Orcagna, Andrea, prop. Andrea di Cione (c. 1308–68), 314

Orléans, Henri de Valois, Duke of, later Henry II, King of France (1519–59), his marriage, 252

Orsanmichele, church of, commerce in the neighbourhood of, 20; Ghiberri’s St Matthew for, 73, 317; Donatello’s work commissioned for, 90; historical note on, 312; Ghiberti’s bronzes in, 317

Orsini family, 116–17, 149

Orsini, Alfonsina, see Medici, Alfonsina de’

Orsini, Clarice, see Medici, Clarice de’

Orsini, Isabella, née Medici, Isabella di Cosimo de’, 269, 273, 277

Orsini, Jacopo, 114

Orsini, Paolo, 184

Orsini, Paolo Giordano, 269, 277–8

Orsini, Rinaldo, Archbishop of Florence, 130

Orsini, Troilo, 277

Orvieto, episcopal palace of, 247

Pageants, see Festivals

Palazzi,

Alessandri, 117

Alto viti, 314

Antinori, 330

Bardi, 39, 58, 75

Bellini, 280, 331

Capponi, 313

Corsini, 314

Davanzati, 313

degli Acciaiuoli, 315

dei Giudici, 330, 331

della Signoria (taler renamed Palazzo Vecchio, a.v.), Cosimo Pater Patriot in, 19, 49, 51, 58, 83; Alberghettino, 15, 19, 200; Priori live in, 26; the Vacea, 27, 50, 57, 139, 186, 254; Albizzi plans to attack, 55–6; Soderini at, 104; and festival of St John the Baptist, 120; Princess Heonora of Naples at, 121; and the Pazzi conspiracy, 138–40, 141; Piero di Lorenzo at, 186; the bonfire of vanities opposite, 192; celebrations for the election of Leo X, 218; re-named, 257; historical note on, 312; Donatello’s works in, 318; Michelangelo’s David in front of, 326

Ferranti, 66

Gianfigliazzi, 314, 325

Guadagni, 315

Guicciardini, 315

Martelli, 57

Medici, building of, 75–6; courtyard of, 90; Donatello, 91–2; Filippo Lippi, 93; Delia Robbia, 108; Uccello, 108; Pollaiuolo, 108; Botticelli, 109; Gozzoli, 110; Lorenzo the Magnificent’* wedding celebrations, 117–18; Princess Eleonora

of Naples entertained at, 121; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 135, 136; Michelangelo at, 166; plundered, 187; Charles VIII at, 190; Giovanni di Lorenzo born in, 202; celebrations for the election of Leo X, 218; council meetings in, 220; Duke of Nemours dying in, 223; picture of Clement VII on facade of, 249; murder in, 269; Cosimo I taken ill at, 273; Medici shield on, 313; Medici Library kept at, 316; historical note on, 317–18

Mediri-Riccardi, 318

Pazzi, 141, 162

Pazzi-Quaratesi, 321

Pitti, 104, 274; grandiose, 76; the Ducal Palace, 271; Cosimo I dies in, 273; Ferdinando I and, 280; Cosimo II extends, 282; wine sold at, 284; Del Cimento meets at, 284; Ferdinando II extends, 285; Sala della Stufa. 285; the collection of ivories, 286; Marguerite-Louise at, 291; Grand Duke Gian Gastone dies at, 309; Electress Palatine at, 309; historical note on, 328; murals in, 332

Pucci, 315

RuceUai, 29, 76, 315

Salviati, 261, 321

Spini-Ferroni, 314

Strozzi, 168, 323

Toraabuoni, 102

Vecchio (formerly Palazzo della Signoria, q.v.), 274; the Palleschi at, 257; the Ducal Palace, 269; decoration of the courtyard, 275; laboratory of Duke Francesco in, 278; Ferdinand I’s banquet in, 281; historical note on, 312; the fountain and murals at, 330

Patleschi, 217, 256, 257

Palmieri, Matteo, 28

Panciaticchi, Andrea, 145

Papacy, the, the ‘great schism’, 34; and the Medici bank, 33, 36, 37, 88, 89; and the Eastern Church, 67; Sforza a condottiere for, 81; and the French invasion of Italy, 186; Leo X enjoys, 218; a pro-Medici Sacred College, 235

Papal States, near-anarchy in, 27; Bologna and, 65; alum deposits in, 89; and the French army, 184; Urbino becomes part of, 285

Parentucelli, Tommaso, Bishop of Bologna, later Pope Nicholas V., q.v., 87, 88

Parigi, Alfonso, 271, 278, 317, 328

Parigi, Giulio, 271, 317, 328

Parma, 219, 222, 237, 238, 247

Parma, Duke of, see Farnese, Ottavio

Parmigianino, prop. Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (1303–40), 300

Pasquini, Bernardo (1637–1710), 300

Passerini, Cardinal Silvio, 248

Patch, Thomas, 325

Patriarch of Constantinople, 65, 66, 110

Pavia, Lazarodi, 173

Pazzi bank, 129, 131

Pazzi Conspiracy, the, 131–42, 158

Pazzi family, their history, 131; after the

Conspiracy, 141, 155; publicly disgraced, 142

Pazzi, Andrea de,’ 131

Pazzi, Bianca, nit Medici, Bianca di Piero de’, 102

Pazzi, Francesco de’, and Pazzi Conspiracy, 131, 132, 135, 137; executed, 140

Pazzi, Gugliclmo, 102, 131, 138, 141

Pazzi, Jacopo di Messer Andrea de’, 131–2, 134, 141

Pazzi, Pazzo de’, 131

Pazzi, Piero di Messer Andrea de’, 131

Pazzi, Renato di Messer Andrea de’, 141, 158

Penni, Gian-Francesco, 240

Pepys, Samuel (1633–1703), on Cosimo 111, 292

Peri,Jacopo(1561’1633), 281, 300

Peruzzi family, 58, 66, 315

Peruzzi, Ridolfo, 55, 57

Petraia, castle of, 280

Petrarch, Francesco Petrarca (1304–74), 227

Petrucci, Alfonso, Cardinal, 217, 232, 233, 234

Petrucci, Borghese, 232

Petrucci, Cesare, 138–9

Philibert, Prince of Orange, see Orange, Prince of

Philiberte of Savoy, Princess, Duchess of Nemours, 219, 223

Philip V, King of Spain (1683–1746), 305

Piacenza, 219, 222, 237, 238, 247

Piccolomini, Aeneas Silvius, later Pope Pius II, q.v., on Cosimo di Giovanni, 63; on Parentucelli, later Nicholas V, 88

Pico della Mirandola, Count Giovanni (1463–94), 164–5, 174, 181, 185

Pierino da Vinci, 323

Piero della Francesca (c. 1420–92), 332

Pierozzi, Antonio, Archbishop of Florence, 74, 95

Pietro da Cortona, 285

Pietro Leopoldo, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 333

Pisa, conquest of, 33, 34; Archbishop of, 130; Lorenzo di Piero and, 169–70; and France, 186, 187; Savonarola greets Charles VIII in, 188; Florence and, 197, 208; School of Botany at, 274; college for scholars at, 279

Pisano, Andrea (c. 1270–1349), 70, 180, 316

Pitti family, 123

Pitti, Luca, his personality, 60; Gonfaloniere, 62; Accoppiatore, 63; and the Medici, 103–4, 105, 106, 123, 328; pardoned, 106; his palace, 271, 328

Plague, in Ferrara, 66; and new doors for the Baptistery, 70; in the Imperial army, 247; in the French forces, 249; in Florence, 250, 283; in Tuscany, 293

Plato, 68, 164

Platonic Academy, 69, 332

Plethon, Giorgios Gemistos (c. 1355–1450), 68

Poliziano, Angelo, prop. Angelo Ambrogini, (1454–94). his history, 122; on Lorenzo the Magnificent, 122; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 135, 137, 157, 164, 173–4; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 137, 138; and the execution of Salviati, 140; tutor to children of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 145, 323; Clarice de’ Medici and, 145, 146; and Savonarola, 181; his papers, 332

Pollaiuolo, Antonio, prop. Antonio di Jacobo Benci, (1429–98), 110, 165, 167, 320

Pollaiuolo, Picro, prop. Piero di Jacobo Benci, (1443–96), 108–9, 168

Pollaiuolo, Simone del, called il Cronaca (1457–1508), 323

Pontormo, Jacopo Carrucci da (1494–1557), 274, 314, 322

Popes,

Adrian VI (r. 1522–3), 238–9, 240

Alexander V (r. 1409–10), 34, 35

Alexander VI (r. 1492–1503), 193, 194, 196–7, 205

Benedict XIII, Antipope at Avignon, 1394–1417, 34

Calixtus III (r. 1455–8), 86

Clement VII, né Giulio di Giuliano de’ Medici, q.v. (r. 1523–34), election of, 239; a generous and discriminating patron, 240; his indecision, 240, 244; his foreign policy, 240–1, 242; urges defence of Rome, 243; and Cellini, 246–7; surrenders, 247; escapes, 247; and Henry VIII’s divorce, 247–8; his effigy torn to pieces, 248; and the surrender of Florence, 251; and Alessandro de’ Medici, 251, 254; and Caterina de’ Medici, 252; illness and death of, 252–3; the marriage of his daughter, 255; and the boy Cosimo I, 262; and the Medici Library, 316; Michelangelo and, 318, 327; Raphael and, 326; his tomb, 327

Eugenius IV (r. 1431–47), succeeds Martin V, 51; and San Giorgio Maggiore, 54; and the Medici, 56; Rinaldo degli Albizzi and, 57; Cosimo Pater Patriae and, 58, 74; and Council of Florence, 64, 66, 67; and Council of Bâle, 64–5; his golden tiara, 70; and completion of the Cathedral dome, 73

Gregory XII (r. 1406–15), 34, 35, 36

Gregory XIII (r. 1572–85), 277

Innocent VIII (r. 1484–92), succeeds Sixtus IV, 160; ‘a rabbit’, 161; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 161, 182, 202–3; Savonarola and, 182; and Giovanni di Lorenzo, 203

John XXIII né Baldassare Cossa, q.v. Antipope to Popes Benedict XIII and Gregory XII, (1410–15), background and personality, 34; and King of Naples, 35; accusations against, 35–6; last years, 36; his will, 36; Cosimo Pater Patriae and, 39; and Bracciolini, 45; his monument, 71, 75, 98, 316; Giovanni di Bicci and, 87

Julius II (r. 1503–13), 217, 228; appearance and temperament, 207; his military exploits, 207–8; and Giovanni di Lorenzo, 208; dying, 216; and the Duke of Urbino, 223; and Michelangelo, 229; and Raphael, 229, 332; and the Laocoön, 325

Leo III, 326

Leo IV, 326

Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici, q.v. (r. 1513–21), election of, 217; his appearance, 218; his enjoyment of the papacy, 218, 224; and the House of Medici, 219; his reception in Florence, 220–2, 314, 324; and the Duke of Urbino, 222, 223–4; and Francis I, 222–3; and his brother Giuliano, 223; his extravagance, 224, 227; Vettori on, 224; his dinners, 225–6; his amusements, 226–7, 230–2; his expenditure on Rome, 227–8; a generous patron of writers and scholars, 228; and Michelangelo, 229, 240, 327; makes enemies, 232–3; attempted assassination of, 233–4; creates a pro-Medici Sacred College, 235; and Charles V, 237; and Luther, 237; godfather to Cosimo I, 261; his coat of arms, 315; and the Medici Library, 316; Raphael and, 325, 326

Martin V (r. 1417–31), 36, 37, 56, 70, 314

Nicholas V, né Tommaso Parentucelli, q.v. (r. 1447–55). 87

Paul II (r. 1464–71), 103, 125, 129

Paul III (r. 1534–49), 264

Pius II, né Enea Silvio Piccolomini, q.v. (r. 1458–64), on Florentines, 38; on Cosimo Pater Patriae, 38, 63; on Francesco Sforza, 81; and the Medici bank, 88; and Cosimo Pater Patriae, 88

Pius III (r. and d. 1503), 207

Pius IV (r. 1559–65). 331

Pius V (r. 1566–72), 266, 267

Sixtus IV, né Francesco della Rovere (r. 1471–84), 125; his appearance, 128; nepotism, 128–9; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 129, 130, 159; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 132, 133, 155; and Florence, 148, 159; Tuscan bishops excommunicated, 150; and Naples, 154, 159; and the Florentine deputation, 160; death of, 160

Sixtus V (r. 1585–90), 277

Portinari family, 43

Portinari, Folco, 316

Prato, 32, 124, 12J, 213–14

Printing, 44, 46, 169

Processions, Martin V leaves Florence, 36; to celebrate completion of the Baptistery bronze doors, 71; to celebrate completion of the Cathedral dome, 73; escort of Princess Eleonora of Naples, 121; Charles VIII enters Florence, 180–90; Leo X enters Florence, 221; Francis I and, 222; Christine of Lorraine enters Florence, 280

Propaganda Fidt, 279

Ptolemy, prop. Claudius Ptolemaeus, 280

Pucci, Giovanni, 52

Pucci, Lorenzo, 232

Pucci, Puccio, 52, 61, 62

Pulci, Luigi (1432–84), 116, 164, 323

Quercia, Jacopo della (c. 1367–1438), 70

Quintilian, prop. Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, 45

Rangone, Bianca, 209, 235

Rangone, Ercole, Cardinal, 235

Raphael, prop. Raffaello Sanzio (1483–1520), Leo X and, 229, 325; Clement VII and, 240, 326; Madonna del Baldacchino, 300–1; his portrait of Julius II, 332

Relics, holy, finger of St John the Baptist, 36; belonging to the Cathedral, 120; Volto Santo, 305; Cosimo III’s sacred collection, 305

Renaissance, Council of Florence and, 68; versatility of artists of, 70; Brunelleschi’s church of San Lorenzo, 72

René I, Duke of Anjou (1409–80), 85

Renzo da Ceri, 243

Riario, Girolamo, and Sixtus IV, 128; at Imola, 129; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 131, 132, 133; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 134, 156; seeks vengenace on Florence, 148, 159; his ambitions, 160

Riario, Piero, Archbishop of Florence, 128, 130

Riario, Raffeele, Cardinal, and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 134–5, 148; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 135, 140–1; at Palazzo Medici, 136–7; and assassination of Giuliano di Piero, 138; his pallor, 141; his dinner party, 224; and Leo X, 232, 233, 234; his palace confiscated, 239

Riccardi family, 76, 318

Ricci, House of, 35

Ricci, Sebastiano, 300

Ridolfi family, 321

Ridolfi, Antonio, 137, 138

Ridolfi, Contessina, née Medici, Contessina di Lorenzo de’, 115, 221

Ridolfi, Lorenzo, 247

Ridolfi, Niccolò, Cardinal, 235, 248

Ridolfi, Piero, 220, 221

Rinuccini, Alamanno, 122, 157

Riots, Ciompi, 25–6, 31; in Volterra, 125–7; after the Pazzi Conspiracy, 140; after cancellation of ordeal by fire, 199

Robbia, Andrea della (1435–1525), 317

Robbia, Luca della (c. 1400–82), 108, 138, 320, 321

Robert, King of Naples, 39

Roman Catholic Church, and Council of Florence, 64; and Greek Orthodox Church, 65, 67

Rome, Medici offices in, 34, 35, 36, 87, 114, 158; Cosimo Pater Palriae in, 39–40; Eugenius IV driven from, 56; artists in, 70, 72, 90, 167; Lorenzo the Magnificent in, 103, 125: Lorenzo the Magnificent’s proxy wedding in, 116; anti-Medici conspirators in, 131; and the Pazzi Conspiracy failure, 148; printing presses in, 169; falls to Charles VIII, 193; Lorenzo the Magnificent on, 204; crime and corruption in, 205; Giovanni di Lorenzo in, 205, 206; conclave in, 216–17; celebrations for the election of Leo X, 218; under Leo X, 228; Charles V’s forces advance on, 241–3; sack of, 244–5

Belvedere, 226

Castel Sam’ Angelo, 241; executions at, 205, 234; Clement VII takes refuge in, 241, 244; fugitives in, 244–5; the attack on, 246–7; Queen Christina at, 330

Monte Testaccio, 227

Piazza del Popolo, 228

Santa Maria in Dominica, church of, 228

St Peter’s Basilica, Florentine deputation in, 160; under reconstruction, 216, 228; corpse of Clement VII desecrated in, 253; threatened destruction by fire, 326

St John in Lateran, church of, 88, 305, 327

Via Ripetta, 228

Romualdo, St, 321

Rondinelli, Fra Giuliano, 198

Rosa, Salvator (1615–73), 286

Rossellino, Bernardo, 313

Rossi, Leopetto, 102

Rossi, Luigi, 235

Rossi, Maria, née Medici, Maria di Piero de’, 102

Rossi, Roberto de’, 37

Rosso, Giovanni, 274

Rovere, Francesco della, see Pope Sixtus IV

Roverc, Francesco Maria della, see Urbino, Francesco Maria I and II, Dukes of

Rovere, Giovanni della, 129

Rovere, Giuliano della, Cardinal, later Pope Julius II, q.v., 161

Rovere, Leonardo della, 130

Rovere, Vittoria della, see Medici, Vittoria de’

Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640), 332

Rucellai family, 314

Rucellai, Bcrnardo(1449–1514), 102

Rucellai, Giovanni, 29, 227, 313

Rucellai, Lucrezia, née Lucrezia di Piero de’ Medici, 102

Rucellai, Palla, 257

Ruggieri, Giuseppe, 319, 328

Ruspanli, 308

St Stephen, Prato, church of, 93

Salutati, Antonio di Messer Francesco, 87

Salviati, Averardo, 141

Salviati, Francesco, Archbishop of Pisa, waits in Rome, 130; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138–9; executed, 140

Salviati, Giacomo, 261

Salviati, Giovanni, Cardinal, 235

Salviati, Jacopo, 220, 247, 262

Salviati, Lucrezia, neé Medici, Lucrezia di Lorenzo de’, 115

Salviati, Maria, see Medici, Maria de’

San Domenico Fiesole, convent of, 73, 94, 317

San Leo, fortess of, 236

Sanseverino, Federigo, Cardinal, 209, 231

Sansovino, Jacopo, prop. Jacopo Tatti (1486–1570), 220, 221, 325

Santa Croce, Antonio, 246

Santo Spirito, Jerusalem, church of, 74

Sarto, Andrea del, prop. Andrea Vannucchi (1486-1531), 172, 220, 221, 300, 322

Sassetri, Francesco, 158, 323

Sauli, Cardinal, 233, 234

Savonarola, Girolamo (1452-98), 178-82, 216; his effect on Florentine morale, 185; and Charles VIII, 188; his power in Florence, 191; differing attitudes to, 192-3; and the Holy League, 196; and Alexander VI, 196-7; and the proposed ordeal by fire, 198, 199; tortured, hanged and burned, 200; Machiavelli’s contempt for, 210; his cell at San Marco, 317

Scarlatti, Alessandro (1659-1725), 300

Schinner, Matthew, Cardinal, 220

Scoroncolo, assassin of Alessandro de’ Medici, 256

Sforza, Ascanio, Cardinal, 203, 205

Sforza, Bianca, née Visconti, 80, 81

Sforza, Caterina, 128

Sforza, Francesco, Duke of Milan (1401-66), and war between Florence and Lucca, 42; his birth, 80; personality and appearance, 81; Pius Il on, 81; marriage, 81; and Cosimo Pater Palriae, 82; Duke of Milan, 82, 85; and Florence’s foreign policy, 83; and France, 84; and the Medici bank in Milan, 87, 158; death of, 105

Sforza, Francesco Maria, Duke of Milan (d. 1535), 240

Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, Duke of Milan (1444-76), his instability, 105; his cruelty and extravagance, 123-4; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 124; his daughter’s marriage, 128; assassinated, 130

Sforza, Giacomo Attendolo (1369-1424), 80-1

Sforza, Gian Galeazzo, Duke of Milan (1469-94). 130, 151, 181, 183, 184

Sforza, Ippolita, see Calabria, Duchess of

Sforza, Isabella, Duchess of Milan, 183, 184

Sforza, Lodovico, Duke of Milan, called il Moro (1451-1508), appearance, 151; character, 151-2; in power, 152; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 168, 173; and Charles VIII, 183, 184; proclaims himself Duke, 184; joins the Holy League, 194

Sieges, Lucca (1429-30), 42-3; Rome (1527), 244-6; Florence (1529-30), 249-51; Volterra (1472), 126

Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (1368–1437), 34

Silvester, Guido, 231

Silvestri, Bartolommeo, 332

Silvestro, Fra, 200

Slaves, 23-4, 33, 39-40, 95, 266

Soderini, Francesco, Cardinal, 217, 232, 231, 234, 238

Soderini, Niccolò, 104-5, 106, 123

Soderini, Paolo Antonio, 155

Soderini, Piero, 210-11, 212-13, 214, 215

Soderini, Tommaso, 110, 123, 152

Spain, and Julius II’s Holy League, 208; and battle of Ravenna, 208; Spanish forces advance on Florence, 211-12; and sack Prato, 213; Leo X and, 219

Spini, Bartolommeo, 49

Spini, House of, 35, 37

Squarcialupi, Antonio, 165, 172

Stefano da Bagnone, Fra, 136, 137-8, 141

Stendhal, pseud. of Marie Henri Beyle, 325

Strozzi family, 314

Strozzi, Clarice, neé Medici, Clarice di Piero de’, 202, 248

Strozzi, Filippo the Elder (1428-91), 137, 168, 323-4

Strozzi, Filippo the Younger (1489-1538), 262, 323

Strozzi, Laodamia, 179

Strozzi, Lorenzo di Palla, 38

Strozzi, Marietta di Lorenzo, 118-19

Strozzi, Matteo, 58

Strozzi, Palla (1372-1462), 38, and the Albizzi, 52; and Rinaldo degli Albizzi, 55, 56-7; banished, 59; Parentucelli and, 87; commissions Gentile da Fabriano, 314

Strozzi, Piero, 263-4

Stufa, Sigismondo della, 138

Sumptuary laws, 22, 24

Sustermans, Justus, 283

Switzerland, Swiss army in Lombardy, 209; Leo X and, 220

Tacca, Ferdinando, 286, 332

Tacca, Pietro, 328, 331

Tadda, Romolo del, 328, 332

Talenti, Simone, 329

Tasso, Giovanni Battitta, 313

Tinucci, Niccolò, 51

Titian, prop. Tiziano Vercelli (d. 1576), 328, 332

Tornabuoni family, 43, 102

Tornabuoni, Francesco, 114

Tornabuoni, Giovanni, 103, 106, 114, 178, 319

Tornabuoni, Lucrezia, see Medici, Lucrezia de’

Trade, in 15th century Florence, 20; guilds, 25-6; merchants and, 28-9; wool, 33, 34, 152; silk, 42; in decline, 293

Tranchedini da Pontremoli, Nicodemo, 83, 97

Traversari, Ambrogio, 44, 47, 51, 66, 67

Treaties,

Barcelona (1529), 249

Lodi (1454), 85

Montil-les-Tours (1432), 84

Tribolo, Niccolò Pericoli, 271, 274, 323, 329

Trissino, Gian-Giorgio, 227

Turkey, and Constantinople, 64, 68, 85; Venice and, 79, 83; Florence and, 83; and Italy, 84, 159, 160; and Smyrna alum mines, 88; Savonarola’s prediction about, 182; battle of Lepanto, 266

Uccello, Paolo, prop. Paolo di Dono, 108, 320

Università degli Studi, 315

University of Florence, 45, 46, 47-8, 170, 274

University of Padua, 282

University of Pisa, 274, 282, 297

University of Rome, 228

Urbino, Battista da Montefeltro, Duchess of, neé Sforza, 332

Urbino, Catenna, Duchess of, see Medici, Caterina di Lorenzo de’

Urbino, Duchess of, née Madeleine de la Tour d’Auvergne, 235

Urbino, Duchy of, 219, 222, 224, 285

Urbino, Duke of, see Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de’

Urbino, Federigo da Montefeltro, Count of, later Duke of, loses an eye, 116; attacks Volterra, 126-7; and Eugenius IV, 129; papal troops under, 150

Urbino, Francesco, 165

Urbino, Francesco Maria (I) della Rovere, Duke of, 212, 222, 223-4, 233

Urbino, Francesco Maria (II) della Rovere, Duke of, 285

Uzzano, Niccolò, 29, 43, 48, 313

Valori, Filippo, 153, 155

Vannino, Ottavio, 332

Varchi, Benedetto, 250, 256, 263, 274, 329

Vasari, Giorgio (1511-74), 328; on Donatello and Cosimo Paler Patriae, 91; on Donatello in old age, 92; on the wax effigies of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 142-3; and Lorenzo the Magniftcent’s school, 165, 322; on Michelangelo, 165-6; on Verrocchio, 167; architect of the Uffizi, 271; and the Palazzo Vecchio, 274, 275, 278, 312; death of, 278; and Santa Maria Novella, 314; and Il Trebbio, 315; and the Pucci, 315; on Cafaggiolo, 318; and Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi, 320

Vatican, Library, 69; Sistine Chapel, 167; entry of Leo X into, 218; Palace, 228; Loggie di RafFaello, 229; Stanze di Raf&ello, 229, 245, 325-6; Clement VII commissions artists for, 240

Veneziano, Domenico, 315

Venice, Medici office in, 34, 87; slave-market in, 39, 95; Medicean exiles in, 52, 54; San Giorgio Maggiore, 54, 315; Cosimo Pater Patriae leaves, 58; Neroni and Soderini in, 106; Verrocchio’s bronze of Colleoni in, 167; printing presses in, 169; Lorenzaccio stabbed in, 265

Venice, Republic of, government of, 27; and Cosimo Pater Patriae, 50-1, 82-3; and Fourth Crusade, 64; and Florence, 79, 82-3, 105, 106, 130, 186; conquests by, 79; Sforza a condottiere for, 81; and Lombardy, 82; declares war on Florence and Milan, 84; and France, 184; joins the Holy League, 194; League of Cambrai designed against, 207; and battle of Agnadello, 207, 208, 209

Veronese, Paolo, prop. Paolo Cagliari (1525–88), 322

Verrocchio, Andrea del (1435-88), 168; and the Medici tomb, 112, 321; and Giovanni di Piero’s helmet, 122; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 167, 315; Vasari on, 167; his bronze of Colleoni, 167; Leonardo da Vinci and, 168; his fountain, 275, 316; and the Medici emblem, 313; David and Resurrection, 316, 323; memorial to Cosimo Pater Patriae, 319; his Putto in Palazzo Vecchio, 330

Vespucci family, 325

Vespucci, Amerigo (1451-1512), 193, 322

Vespucci, Giorgio, 193

Vespucci, Marco, 121

Vespucci, Simonetta, née Cattaneo, 121, 322

Vettori, Francesco, 224, 257, 264

Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy, 331

Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, 328

Villas,

Ambrogiana, 288, 333

Belcanto, 318

Cafaggiolo, 164, 267; a place of refuge, 62, 145; Michelozzo designs, 77; Cosimo Pater Patriae and, 78; Lorenzo the Magnificent at, 122, 134, 145; Montesecco at, 134; mortgaged, 155; and the sons of Pierfrancesco, 159, 185; fortress, 318

Careggi, Cosimo Pater Patriae at, 58, 69, 77; Piero di Cosimo at, 105; Lorenzo the Magnificent at, 114, 122, 173; annual banquet at, 164; Verrocchio’s works for, 167, 275, 316; Duke of Urbino at, 235; historical note on, 316

Castello, 267, 274; Giovanni di Pierfrancesco at, 185; historical note on, 323; garden of, 329; Accademia della Crusca and, 330

Cereto Guidi, 277, 330

Demidoff, 330

Ferdinanda, 280, 331

Gianfigliazzi, Marignolle, 221

Il Trebbio, 77, 257, 267, 315, 318

Lappeggi, 290, 299, 300, 304, 333

Lecceto, 267

Le Fontanelle, 316

Madama, 326

Magliana, 230, 238

Medici(Fiesole), completed, 78; Michelozzo and, 95; Poliziano at, 122, 146; and the Pazzi plot, 134-5; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 164; historical note on, 318

Medici (Rome), 330

Montelupo, 267

Montevecchio, 68, 77

Negroni, 277

Petraia, 280, 331

Poggio a Caiano, 322; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 114, 164, 172, 314; Duke of Urbino and, 235; Cosimo I and, 267; the park at, 274; Marguerite-Louise at, 291, 295; Strozzi family and, 314; architecture and artists of, 322

Poggio Imperiale, 282, 309, 332

Pratolino, 276, 278, 300, 330

Ravia, 315

Spedaletto, 165, 166

Violante Beatrice, Pricess of Bavaria, see Medici, Violante Beatrice de’

Visconti family, 59, 81

Visconti, Bianca, see Sforza, Bianca

Visconti, Filippo Maria, Duke of Milan (1392-1447), 27; and war between Florence and Lucca, 42-3; and war with Florence, 79; personality and appearance, 79-80; his marriages, 80; and Francesco Sforza, 81

Visconti, Valentina, 201

Vitelleschi, Cardinal. 56, 57

Vitelli, Alessandro, 256, 257, 263

Vitelli,Niccolò, 129-30

Volterra, sack of, 126

War of the Pazzi Conspiracy, 149-50, 151, 152, 155

Weyden, Roger van der (1400-64), 314

Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas (c. 1475–1530), 239

Zoffany, John, 328