The Rise of Rome: The Making of the World's Greatest Empire

Ancient Texts

Sources not cited here are published both in the original language and in translation by Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and are listed under Abbreviations in the Notes section. Other translations I have made use of or consulted appear below.

Artemidorus, Oneirocritica, trans. R. J. White, The Interpretation of Dreams (Park Ridge, 1975).

Asconius: Commentaries on Five Speeches of Cicero, trans. and ed. Simon Squires (Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1990).

Aurelius Victor (attributed), De viris illustribus, Andreas Schottus (8 vols., Antwerp, 1579).

Aurelius Victor (attributed), De Caesaribus, www.roman-emperors.org/epitome.htm.

Bible (Good News Bible, 1966; New York: American Bible Society).

Catullus, Carmina (Odes), trans. James Michie (London: Rupert Hart-Davis Ltd., 1969) (Also in Loeb).

Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum [CIS]. Pars Prima Inscriptiones Phoenicias Continens (Paris, 1881).

Eutropius, Flavius, Breviarium (Abridgement of Roman History), trans. H. W. Bird (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993).

Festus, Breviarium rerum gestarum populi Romani (Summary of Roman History), ed. W. Förster (1874), C. Wagener (1886).

Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus), Carmina (Odes), trans. James Michie (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1967) (Also in Loeb).

Horace, The Complete Odes and Epodes, trans. W. G. Shepherd (London: Penguin Books, 1983).

Horace, Satires and Epistles, Persius, Satires, trans. Niall Rudd (London: Penguin Books, 1973).

Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, H. Dessau (Berlin, 1891–1916).

Livy, The Early History of Rome, trans. Aubrey de Selincourt (London: Penguin Books, 1960).

Livy, Rome and Italy, trans. Betty Radice (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1982).

Livy, The War with Hannibal, trans. Aubrey de Selincourt (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1965).

Livy, Rome and the Mediterranean, trans. Henry Bettenson (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1976).

Orosius, Paulus, Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII (“Seven Books of History Against the Pagans”). See the Latin Library, www.thelatinlibrary.com/.

Plautus, The Comedies, trans. various hands, 4 vols. (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).

Pliny the Elder, Natural History: A Selection, trans. John F. Healy (London: Penguin Books, 1991).

Plutarch, Makers of Rome, trans. Ian Scott-Kilvert (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1965).

Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, trans. Rex Warner (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1958).

Polybius. The Rise of the Roman Empire, trans. Ian Scott-Kilvert (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1979).

Propertius, The Poems, trans. W. G. Shepherd (London: Penguin Books,1985).

Sallust, The Jugurthine War, The Conspiracy of Catiline, trans. S. A. Handford (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1963).

Terence, The Comedies, trans. Peter Brown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).

Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. C. Day-Lewis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986).

Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. W. F. Jackson Knight (London: Penguin Books, 1956).

Virgil, The Georgics, trans. C. Day-Lewis (London: Jonathan Cape, 1940).

Selected Modern Studies

Citations are usually the author’s surname.

Balsdon, J. P. V. D., Roman Women: Their History and Habits (London: The Bodley Head, 1962).

———, Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome (London: The Bodley Head, 1969).

Briquel, Dominique, Les Étrusques (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005).

Briscoe, John, A Commentary on Livy Books XXXI–XXXIII (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973).

———, A Commentary on Livy Books XXXIV–XXXVII (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981).

———, A Commentary on Livy Books XXXVIII–XL (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).

The Cambridge Ancient History, vols. 7.2, 8, and 9 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, 1989, and 1992).

Champion, Jeff, Pyrrhus of Epirus (Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Books, 2009).

Collins, Randall, Violence: A Micro-sociological Theory (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008).

Cornell, T. J., The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c.1000–264 BC) (London: Routledge, 1995).

Duggan, Alfred, He Died Old: Mithradates Eupator, King of Pontus (London: Faber, 1958).

Dyson, Stephen L., Rome: A Living Portrait of an Ancient City (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010).

Flaubert, Gustave, Salammbo, trans. Robert Goodyear and P. J. R. Wright (London: New English Library, 1962).

Frost, H., “The Prefabricated Punic Warship,” in H. Devijver and E. Lipinski, eds. Punic Wars (Louvain: Peeters Press, 1989).

Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Roman Army at War: 100 BC–AD 200 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).

———, In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 2003).

Grant, Michael, Gladiators (London: Penguin Books, 1991).

———, The History of Rome (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978).

Green, Peter, Alexander of Macedon, (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1974).

———, From Alexander to Actium: The Hellenistic Age (London: Thames and Hudson, 1990).

Holleaux, Maurice, “L’entretien de Scipion l’Africain et d’Hannibal,” Hermes 48, no. 1 (1913): 75–98.

Hopkins, K., and M. Beard, The Colosseum (London: Profile Books, 2006).

Jaeger, M., Livy, Hannibal’s Monument, and the Temple of Juno at Croton, Transactions of the American Philological Association, vol. 136, no. 2 (Autumn 2006): 389–414, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Keppie, Lawrence, The Making of the Roman Army (London: B. T. Batsford, 1984).

Lancel, Serge, Carthage: A History (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 1995).

Leigh, Matthew, Comedy and the Rise of Rome (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lays of Ancient Rome, 1842.

Miles, Richard, Carthage Must Be Destroyed: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Mediterranean Civilization (London: Penguin Books, 2010).

Momigliano, Arnaldo, Alien Wisdom: The Limits of Hellenization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).

Mommsen, Theodor, trans. W. P. Dickson, The History of Rome (Gloucester, UK: Dodo Press, originally published 1894).

Oakley, S. P., A Commentary on Livy, Books 6–10 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).

Ogilvie, R. M., A Commentary on Livy, Books 1–5 (Oxford, 1965; repr. with addenda, 1970).

Potter, T. W., Roman Italy (London: Guild Publishing, 1987).

Richardson, L. Jr., A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992).

Salmon, E. T., Samnium and the Samnites (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967).

Scullard, H. H., Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician (London: Thames and Hudson, 1970).

———, A History of the Roman World 753 to 146 BC (London: Routledge, 1935; 4th ed. 1980).

———, From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68 (London: Routledge, 1988).

Stambaugh, John E., The Ancient Roman City (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988).

Toner, Jerry, Popular Culture in Ancient Rome (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009).

Walbank, Frank W., A Historical Commentary on Polybius, vol. 1 (1957), vol. 2 (1967), and vol. 3 (1979), Oxford University Press.

Warmington, B. H., Carthage (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1960).