The Serpent and the Rainbow

Index

aborigines, Australian, 138

acajou, 194

achuma, 36

Acosta, Christoval, 38

Adèle, 245–46, 249, 262

Afro-American folklore, 207–8

agamonts, 83–84

Agwe, 172

Aizan, 228

Albizzia, 95, 111, 163, 164

Albizzia lebbeck, 111, 116

Albizzia versicolor, 111

Albizzia zygia, 111

Algonquin Indians, 39

aloe, 100

Amazon, 15–22, 173

ammonia, 162

amnesia, 166, 180, 187

Andersen, Hans Christian, 133

Anderson, Marna, 23, 24, 33, 109–110, 111

anesthesia, 21, 30–31

anthropology, 53, 173, 178–79, 207, 208, 234

Arawakan Indians, 45, 94, 198

arrondissements, 233

arrow and dart poisons, 21, 88, 110, 111, 113

Artibonite Valley, 104

asphyxiation, 42, 113

asson, 48

asthma, 56

atelopid frogs, 165

atropine, 166

Ausherman, Jay, 63, 79

autopsies, 132–33

autoscopic near-death experience (NDE), 140–42

ave, 162

ayahuasca, 17

Ayia Eleni, Greece, 51

Ayida Wedo (Rainbow), 176–77

bagi, 54, 261

Bahoruco Mountains, 193

Balantes people, 196

Bando, Mitsugora, VIII, 121

“baptism,” of zombis, 187

Baptiste, Jean, 227–28, 230, 232–33, 235–39, 241–44, 247, 249

Baron Samedi, 210, 221, 227, 257

bayahond leaves, 162

BBC, 28–29, 30, 31, 44, 52, 60, 87, 97, 101, 217

Beauvoir, Max, 44, 46–47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 64–65, 73–74, 82, 84–85, 89–91, 101, 102, 104, 148, 155, 172, 188, 213, 217–18, 223–24, 241

Beauvoir, Rachel, 50, 52–54, 56, 73–79, 83–85, 91–92, 97, 99, 102, 145–50, 155–57, 158, 161, 162, 218–21, 237, 240–44, 248, 249, 250, 254, 259–63, 266

Belfort, Jacques, 148–49, 154–55

Belfort, Mme. Jacques, 149–50, 151–52, 154–55, 168

belladonna, 38

Berkeley, George, 133

berserkus, 116

Bête Sereine, 229, 242

Biassou, 202–3, 204, 205, 206

Bizango, see secret societies

black magic, 100

Black Republic, The (St. John), 208

“blasting a black’s ass,” 191

blowfish, 95, 116–26, 130, 163–64, 167

blue-ringed octopus, 165

Boas, Franz, 206, 207

bois ca-ca, 100

bois chandelle, 100

bokors:

houngans vs., 47, 55, 83, 96–97, 140

magical powers of, 101, 167, 185–186, 187, 215

religious role of, 46–47, 60, 62, 76, 80, 82, 96, 99, 125, 139–40, 265

Bolívar, Simon, 70

Botanical Museum (Harvard), 16, 35, 37, 107–9

botetes, 125

bourreaus, 81, 236

Boyer, Jean Pierre, 69

brain damage, 29–30

brain scans, 26

brainwashing experiments, 59

bresillet, 163, 194

Buddhism, 51

bufogenin, 114

Bufo marinus, 84, 95, 112–16, 117, 162, 163, 164, 167

bufotenine, 115–16

bufotoxin, 114

Bufo vulgaris, 113

Burial Act (1900), 133

burials, premature, 25, 38, 61, 123–24, 131–42

Burton, Lady, 133

Bwa Caiman, 247, 248

bwa piné, 163

caciques, 198

cadavre gâté, 100, 151

cako, 102

Calabar bean, 34–43, 56–57, 59, 61, 101, 110, 112

California newt, 165

Cameron, Ewen, 59

canari, 182

cane syrup, 164

cannibalism, 208, 210, 237, 249, 251

caotchu, 94

cardiograms, 26

Caribbean Indians, 40

Carlisle, Anthony, 133

Carrefour, 228

Carrefour Road, 46, 86, 241

cashew tree, 163

cata, 48

catalepsy, 134, 135

cataplexy, 134, 135

catatonic schizophrenia, 61, 135

Catholicism:

as official religion of Haiti, 70–71, 85

vodoun vs., 72–73, 85, 170–71, 205, 256

Cavendish, Ada, 133

Cazamance people, 196

cèdre, 100

Celestin, Andrés, 202, 258–63, 265, 266

Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurologie, 27, 57–58, 64, 79, 80

ch’an su, 113–14

chasseur, 236, 252

chef de section, 234–35, 238, 257

chef d’état-majeur, 236

Chibcha Indians, 38

chiri, 120, 123

Choco Indians, 113

cholera, 110

Christophe, Henri, 67, 68–69, 205, 206

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 59, 117

Ciguatoxin, 165–66

cimora, 37

clairin, 151, 162, 167, 228

Clavijero, Francisco Javier, 125

Clermezine nightclub, 78–79, 156, 218

cocaine, 118

Cochons Gris, 209, 210

Cochons sans Poils, Les, 206

Collins, Wilkie, 133

Columbus, Christopher, 40, 44–45

communes, 233

“Congo Bean stew,” 208

consigne, 163

convoi, 154

Cook, James, 119

corps cadavre, 181, 182, 186, 223

corpses, 92–93, 95

cortisone, 75

coup l’aire, 83, 146–47, 220, 225, 236, 237

coup n’âme, 237

coup poudre, 83, 220, 237

crapaud bouga, 84

crapaud de mer, 84, 95, 112–16, 117, 162, 163, 164, 167

Creole, 72, 79, 192, 218

curanderos, 35–37, 57

curare, 21, 88, 113

cyanide, 118

cyanosis, 108, 116, 121, 123, 125

Dahomey, 41, 49

Damballah (Serpent), 177, 183, 266

Darien Gap, 17–21

dart and arrow poisons, 21, 88, 110, 111, 113

datura, 35–43, 56, 57, 59–60, 61, 104, 112, 164–65

Datura metel, 56

Datura stramonium, 37, 39–40

death:

clinical, 181, 182–83

as “mort bon Dieu,” 185

pallor of, 26, 134

rituals for, 182

“sham,” 134–36

signs of, 25–26, 133–34

“social,” 140

unnatural, 185, 186

death certificates, 26, 213

death spirit, 153

dehydration, 138

delirium, 116

Delphic oracle, 178

départments, 233

dermatitis, 163

desmembre, 163

Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 67, 68, 205

Dessounin, 182

Deuteronomy, 118

dhatureas, 38

digestive problems, 108, 122

digitalis, 114

dinoflagellate, 165

Diodon hystrix, 125

djab, 220, 221, 227, 231

Djo, 183

Dr. No (Fleming), 117

dokte feuilles, 184

dolls, wooden, 136

Domingue, 166

Dostoyevsky, Feodor, 133

Douce, Francis, 135

Douyon, Lamarque, 27, 28–29, 31, 44, 57–63, 64, 80, 81

drugs:

mental illness treated with, 22, 59, 63

neurotropic, 127

psychoactive, 17, 31, 58, 88, 114, 115–16, 187

“set” vs. “setting” of, 130

see also specific drugs

drums, ceremonial, 48, 49, 243

D-tubocurarine, 21

Duboisia myoporoides, 166

dumbcane, 163

Dutty, Boukman, 201, 202, 204, 247

Duvalier, François, 32, 58, 87, 156, 227, 255–57

Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 82, 226

Duvalier, Michelle, 82

Eagle Bar, 53–54, 93, 98, 145

ecstasy, 135

Efik tribe, 41–43, 111, 195

Egbo (leopard society), 41–43, 195

electroshock therapy, 59, 142

elephantiasis, 149, 160

embalming, 133

Ennery, 79

Erié, Robert, 232–33, 235, 250, 258

Erzulie Dantor, 227

Erzulie Freda, 171, 172, 179

esprit, 182

evil, good vs., 94, 101, 187–88

evil eye, 137

Fabing, Howard, 115–16

fainting spells, 135

faith healing, 137

fakirs, 29

fear, as cause of physiological changes, 137–38

Felix-Mentor, Felicia, 213–15

firewalkers, 49–51

Fleming, Ian, 117

floating sensation, 81, 121, 141–42

formic acid, 163

fou-fou, 117

foxglove, 114

François, Jean, 202, 204, 205, 206

French Revolution, 65

Freudian psychiatry, 22

frogs, 152, 153, 163, 167

From Russia with Love (Fleming), 117

fugu, 120–24, 130

Fukada, T., 125

Fulani tribe, 40

fwet kash, 229

gall bladders, ground, 152

Gitksan Indians, 98

“giving up/given up” complex, 137

Glycas, Nicephorus, 132

goby fish, 165

Gonaives, Haiti, 155–56

govi, 182, 183

Grans Bwa, 57, 147, 228

Great Herbals, 118

Griots, Les, 256

gros bon ange, 181, 186

guaiac, 100

Guede, 147, 172

Guinée, 67, 72, 190, 215, 227, 244, 247

gunpowder, 152

Haiti:

African influences in, 70, 71–72, 194, 195–96, 201, 207, 219, 256

agrarian economy of, 67–70

appearance vs. reality in, 85, 87, 217

Catholicism as official religion of, 70–71, 85

civil government of, 233–35, 255–257

French colonization of, 44–45, 65–68, 102, 188, 189–206, 210, 212, 232

history of, 40–45, 65–72

international relations of, 70–71

legal system of, 28, 60, 158

peasant culture of, 71–73

rural vs. urban society in, 51–52, 71–72

U.S. occupation of, 102, 171, 208–9, 256

vodoun as basis of society in, 12, 72–73, 110, 183–84, 212

hallucinogens, 17, 88, 114, 115–16

Halstead, B. W., 122

handshakes, secret, 194, 195, 211

Han Dynasty, 118

Hausa tribe, 40

healing trees, 151

health, as spiritual equilibrium, 183–84

heartbeat, 26, 134

Hector Victor, 260–61

henbane, 38

herbals, 113, 118–19

Herskovits, Melville, 206

hex, 136

hibernation, 31, 129, 135

Holmstedt, Bo, 109–12

hoodoo, 207, 208

Hotel Ollofson, 46, 50

hounfour:

as center of healing, 149, 184

religious function of, 47, 53, 73, 74

as social center, 212

houngan macoute, 87

houngan nieg, 241

houngans:

bokors vs., 47, 55, 83, 96–97, 140

as healers, 147, 183–84

religious role of, 44, 48, 52, 56, 72–75, 87, 96, 148, 176, 182, 183–84

social role of, 212, 235, 238, 256

hounsis, 47, 48, 49–50, 53

hounsis canzo, 98

huaca, 39

Hurston, Zora Neale, 206–11, 212, 213–15

Hyacinthe, 201, 247

hypertension, 61, 108, 114, 116, 122, 125

hypnosis, 63, 135

hypotension, 26, 123

hypothermia, 61, 108, 122, 123

ibok usiak owo, 111

Ibo tribe, 41

ichthyotoxicology, 117

Illeus, Francina, see Ti Femme

Illeus, Mercilia, 77–78

illness, psychological factors in, 137–38

immortality, spiritual, 184–85

Invisibles, Les, 182

Isabella, Queen of Spain, 44

Isnard, 221–24, 238, 241–44, 249

itching pea, 95, 110, 163

Japanese cuisine, 120–24

Jean, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99

Jivaro Indians, 39

Josef Jean, 80

Joseph, Natagette, 27

Josephine, 248, 249, 257–58

Kaempfer, Engelbert, 120

Karnice-Karnicki, Count, 131–32, 134, 135

Kline, Nathan S., 22, 23–32, 34–35, 39, 40, 44, 58, 60, 99, 101, 107, 109–12, 117, 126, 129, 148, 157, 179, 180, 188, 216, 217

Knab, Timothy, 115

knucklebones, 136

LaBonté, 149, 151, 152, 168, 169, 186

Laguerre, Michel, 211–13, 215, 250

lakous, 72, 139, 234

land disputes, 28, 158, 253–54

Leclerc, Charles, 66, 68, 205, 206

Legba, 172, 176, 179, 228

Lehman, Heinz, 23–32, 34–35, 39, 117, 129, 180, 216

Leidenfrost point, 51

lemons, 162

Leophin, Jean-Jacques, 250–55, 256, 259, 264

lepers, 160

Levé, 164

Liberia, 70

Limbé, Haiti, 189, 190, 202

limes, 101

Linnaeus, Carolus, 37

“living dead,” zombis as, 26–27, 29, 58–59, 131–42

lizards, 95, 108, 116

loas:

as expressions of God, 171–72

possession by, 47, 48, 50, 56, 98, 152, 169, 171–72, 177–79, 180–181, 182, 183, 201–2, 265, 266

worship of, 180–81

see also individual loas

Loco, 172

Lonchocarpus capassa, 40

London Echo, 132

Louisiana Purchase, 65

loup garou (werewolf), 79, 224

LSD, 59

Luisena Indians, 39

Lytton, Edward, 133

Macandal, François, 189–90, 196–200, 201, 247

Macaya, 201

McGill University, 58, 59, 61

madoulè, 262

maikua, 39

Makala nations, 251

maman, 48

maman guêpes, 163

mambos, 47, 48, 49, 50, 147, 148–49, 176

Mandelslo, Johann Albert de, 38

Mandingue tribe, 196

mandrakes, 38

marcehaussée, 193

Marie, 92

Maroons:

as forerunners of secret societies, 190–206, 212, 213, 250

poison used by, 196–201

Martineau, Harriet, 133

Mary, Virgin, 170–71

mashasha, 163

Mass of the Invalides, 160

Matilde, 92, 93

Mayan iconography, 114

Maze, Dr., 133

medicine:

Chinese, 113–14, 118–19

Egyptian, 118

herbal, 17, 21, 127

tribal, 35–37

Vedic, 22

see also drugs

medicine men, 136

Medor, 201

mental illness, drug treatment for, 22, 59, 63

Merrick, David, 216, 217

metabolic rate, lowering of, 29, 108, 116, 129, 140, 187

Métraux, Alfred, 214

millipeds, 162

mind/body interaction, 179

Mucuna, 95

mulattos, 71, 156, 203–4, 206

Murray, Gerry, 234

muscle relaxants, 21, 113

Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard), 108

mushrooms, hallucinogenic, 130

n’âme, 181, 186

nangarri, 136

Napoléon, 166–67

Napoleon Bonaparte, 65–66, 67, 205

Napoleonic code, 28, 71

Narcisse, Angelina, 28, 82–83, 85

Narcisse, Clairvius:

“death” of, 27–28, 30, 60, 121, 139–42

death certificate of, 26

grave of, 81

illness of, 44, 57, 60–61, 108, 111, 121–22, 126, 140

interviews with, 62, 80

medical dossier of, 60–61

physical appearance of, 62

psychological state of, 130, 137–42

“resurrection” of, 39, 99, 121

tribunal for, 81, 82, 83, 85, 253

unpopularity of, 188, 253–54

as zombi, 26–27, 28–29, 33, 73, 79–85, 157–58, 213, 223, 254

Narcisse, Magrim, 82

Narcisse, Marie Claire, 28, 29

NASA, 31

nausea, 108, 122, 123, 165

NDE (near-death experience), 140–42

Nég Guinée, 244

neurotoxins, 117, 118

New York State Psychiatric Institute, 126–27

ngmoo, 165

Nicephorus Glycas, 132

nicotine, 166

Obin, 150, 152, 154, 155, 168, 186

obong, 41, 42

O’Connell, Daniel, 133

Ogoun, 160–61, 172, 201–2, 241, 266

Old Calabar, 111

“Order and Respect of the Night,” 227, 228, 236

Oris, 76–77, 78, 79

ouabain, 113

oxygen deprivation, 29

Padrejean, 200

Pan-American Highway, 19, 20–21

paralysis, 117, 118, 122, 123, 165

paresthesia, 108, 116

“participant observation,” 208

passports, 210, 211

passwords, 194–96, 209, 211

peasantry, 68–70

Pedro, 247

Pentsao Chin, 118

Pentsao Kang Mu, 113, 118–19

Petit Albert, Le, 251

Petrarch, 25

Petro, 49

physostigmine, 40, 42, 110

phytochemical plants, 87–88

Pierre, Marcel, 145–48, 162, 163, 217, 218, 238, 240–41, 250

zombi poison prepared by, 44, 52, 53–56, 60, 87–101, 112

pierre tonnerre, 94, 147

Plaine du Nord, Haiti, 266–67

plantations, 67, 68, 69, 190, 201, 205

Pliny the Elder, 25

“pointing of the bone,” 137, 168

pois gratter, 95, 110, 163

poison, see zombi poison

poison ivy, 163

poison ordeal, 195–96

polychaete worms, 95, 112, 116

pomme cajou, 163

Poro society, 195

Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 45

Postilion, 119, 125

poteau mitan, 47, 49, 180, 220, 226, 229, 230, 245, 248

potions, magic, 55, 83–84

Price-Mars, Jean, 178

Prix Dusgate, 133

prostitution, 38, 98–99

“psychic driving” experiments, 59

psychopharmacology, 22

psychotic delirium, 166

puffer fish, 95, 116–26, 130, 163–64, 167

pulmonary edema, 60–61, 108, 111, 116, 122, 123

putrefaction, 133

pwin, 260

“queens,” 155, 236

Rada, 49

rage, sham, 116

Raiders of the Lost Ark, 224

Rainbow (Ayida Wedo), 176–77

Rara, 102–3, 258

rat experiments, 128

reine dirageur, 236

René, 76–77

research, on secret societies, 206–15

reserpine, 22

respiration, absence of, 25–26, 134

respiratory problems, 56, 60–61, 108, 111, 116, 121, 122, 123, 125

Retiré Bon Ange, 164

rhesus monkeys, experiments with, 30, 128

rigor mortis, 134

Rochambeau, 66

Roizin, Leon, 126–29

Romaine La Prophétesse, 201, 202, 247

sabbat, 38

Saint Anne, festival of, 159–61, 162

St. Constantine, 51

Saint Domingue, see Haiti, French colonization of

St. John, Spenser, 208

Saint-Mery, Moreau de, 196

Saint Michel de l’Attalaye Hospital, 27–28, 80

Salisbury, Richard, 161

San Poel, 211

San Salvador, 44–45

São Paulo, Brazil, 51

Saponins, 111

sashimi, 120

Saut d’Eau, Haiti, 170–71, 180, 266

Savanne Carée, 79

schizophrenia, 59, 61, 135

Schultes, Richard Evans, 16–17, 21–22, 24, 38, 40, 109, 110, 115, 117, 129

Schwartz, Reverend, 132

Albert Schweitzer Hospital, 28, 60, 140

scopolamine, 166

séances, 230, 254, 263

sea toad, 84, 95, 112–16, 117, 162, 163, 164, 167

sea worms, 95, 108

seconde, 48

secret societies:

beliefs of, 240–63

ceremonies of, 216–39, 242–50

examples of, 206–7

function of, 41–43, 85, 101–4, 147, 211–12, 213

geographic location of, 169

initiation to, 194, 240–63

as malevolent organizations, 208–211, 220–21, 223, 235

Maroons as forerunners of, 190–206, 212, 213, 250

as “masters of the land,” 213, 223

officers of, 229, 231

origins of, 190–206

paramilitary, 101–4

political influence of, 101–4, 206, 233–39, 254–57

role of women in, 155, 226, 228, 236

secrecy of, 247, 248–49, 264–66

“selling someone to,” 223, 237–39, 252–53

songs of, 222, 229, 230–32, 249

studies of, 206–15

in West Africa, 41–43, 195–96, 207, 212, 213, 223

zombi poison used by, 154, 188, 195–96, 213, 214, 215, 223

sections rurales, 233–35

Sect Rouge, 210

sekey madoulè, 211

Senegalese, 40–41

sentinelle, 236, 245

Serpent (Damballah), 177, 183, 266

shamans, 178–79

Shango, 94

Shanpwel, see secret societies

sharecroppers, 67

sharo contest, 40

Sheffield case, 25

shellfish poisoning, 165

shock, 137

Shuar Indians, 39

Shun Nung, 118

Sierra Leone, 40, 41

Simbi, 152

Simon, Hélène, 78, 156, 218–19

Simon, Herard, 155, 157–59, 162, 164, 165, 167–69, 180, 185, 215, 218–21, 224–28, 237, 253, 257, 264–65

sisal whips, 74, 244–45

Slave Coast, 41

slaves:

abuse of, 190–91

emancipation of, 204–5, 210

freed, 196, 206, 212

revolts of, 40–43, 65–67, 69–70, 189–206, 247–48, 250

runaway, 190

trade of, 196

zombis as, 28, 62, 80, 139

snakeroot, 22

snakes, 162

Snow, Sebastian, 17–20

Sobo, 94, 228

songs, of secret societies, 222, 229, 230–32, 249

sorcerers, 139, 185, 187, 195, 196, 251

spells, magic, 100, 137, 138, 139

Sphoeroides lobatus, 125

spirits, see loas

“star of destiny,” 181

Strophantus kombe, 113

Sui Dynasty, 118

suspended animation, 26, 134

sympathetic adrenal system, 137

taboos, social, 136–38

talc, colored, 152

tali, 196

Tani, I., 125

tarantulas, 162, 163

tcha-tcha, 95, 111, 163, 164

Tell My Horse (Hurston), 214

tetrodotoxin, 117, 118, 122–26, 130, 140, 164, 165–66, 167, 187

thunderstone, 94, 147

ti bon ange, 181–83, 184, 185–86, 187, 223, 237

Ti Femme:

“death” of, 77

personality of, 76, 78, 79, 156, 188

as zombi, 27, 61, 62–63, 73, 75–79, 84, 213

ti guinin, 72

tingling sensations, 165

toads, 59, 84, 95, 108, 112–16 see also sea toad

toadstools, 112

Togo, 40

Tombé Levé, 164

tonnelle, 225–26

Ton Ton Macoute, 87, 157, 255–56, 257

Toussaint L’Ouverture, 67–68, 75, 204, 205, 206

Townsend, Colonel, 134

toxins, 112–16

trance, 134, 135

tranquilizers, 22, 129

trauma, 137

tree datura, 57

tree frogs, 163, 167

“tree of the evil eagle,” 37

tremblador, 163

truth serums, 111

Tsimshian Indians, 88

tuberculosis, 149

Tué, 164

uremia, 61, 108, 122

Vedic medicine, 22

venom, 113–14

vermifuge, 111

vévé, 47

Ville Bonheur, Haiti, 170–71, 176

Vinbrindingue, 210, 211

vision quest, 97–98

vision vine, 17

vodoun:

as basis of Haitian society, 12, 72–73, 110, 183–84, 212

Catholicism vs., 72–73, 85, 170–171, 205, 256

ceremonies of, 47–51, 182, 201, 228–29

chants of, 151, 152

as cult, 26, 72

as democratic faith, 73

initiation to, 98

orthography of, 11–12

pantheon of, 48

pilgrimage sites of, 170–71, 180, 266

psychological interpretation of, 177–80

scientific thinking vs., 173–75

sensationalist accounts of, 208–9

as system of belief, 170–88

“voodoo” vs., 11–12

see also secret societies

Volunteers for the National Security (VNS), 87, 157, 255–56, 257

“voodoo death,” 136–42, 168, 180

Wasp’s Gate, 54

weight loss, 61, 108, 122

Weil, Andrew, 88–89

Wété Mo Nan Dlo, 182

whips, sisal, 74, 244–45

white frog, 153

witch doctors, 40, 136

witches, 38

wysoccan, 39

Yaqui Indians, 38, 88–89

yellow fever, 66

Zangbeto, 206

z’étoile, 186

Zobop, 211

zombi astral, 159, 167, 186

zombi cadavre, 168–69, 186, 187

zombification:

as criminal activity, 60, 62, 187–188, 212–13

fugu poisoning vs., 120–24, 125, 126

method of, 15–104, 211

as passage rite, 39

as social process, 61–62, 212–13

symptoms of, 62, 63, 110–11, 121–24

tetrodotoxication vs., 117, 118, 122–26, 130, 140, 164, 165–66, 167, 187

zombi poison:

antidote for, 32, 40, 99–101, 129–130, 148, 154, 162, 164–65

application of, 35, 59–60, 83, 84, 126, 148, 153–54, 167, 180, 187, 232, 237–39

“carbonization” by, 154

datura as, 35–43

dosages of, 125

effect of, 146–47

existence of, 58, 80, 82–83, 84, 265

“explosive,” 164, 168

fake, 54–56, 64, 87–88, 90–91, 155

as illegal, 60

ingredients for, 31, 46–47, 59, 61, 108, 129, 162–67

magical act vs., 80, 84, 101, 148, 154, 167–68, 169

medical applications of, 30

Pierre’s formula for, 44, 52, 53–56, 60, 87–101, 112

preparation of, 32, 87–88, 91–96, 124–26, 152–55, 162–63

samples of, 32, 44, 52, 158–59

as topically active, 126, 163

“traps” for, 83, 148, 153–54, 167, 232, 237–39

types of, 164, 166–67

as used by secret societies, 154, 188, 195–96, 213, 214, 215, 223

zombis:

“baptism” of, 187

existence of, 26–29, 32, 43, 55, 129, 213–14

judgment of, 147–48, 188, 213, 223, 252–53

as “living dead,” 26–27, 29, 58–59, 131–42

masters of, 28, 80

medical verification of, 27–28

press reports about, 27, 28–29, 30, 31, 44, 52, 60, 87, 97, 101, 217

psychiatric view of, 61–62

“resurrection” of, 39, 99, 121, 142, 168, 179–80, 185–87, 216–17, 265

return to homes by, 27

as slaves, 28, 62, 80, 139

as social outcasts, 29, 46, 76, 78, 79, 156, 188, 253–54

symptoms displayed by, 44, 57, 60–61, 108, 111, 121–22, 126, 140

types of, 159, 167, 168–69, 186–87

will absent from, 84, 139

see also Narcisse, Clairvius; Ti Femme

zombi’s cucumber, 35–43, 56, 57, 59–60, 61, 104, 112, 164–65

Zuni Indians, 39