The Thinking Reed

Index

Abramov, F. 104, 140, 302

‘The Active Essence of Man’ (Batishchev) 275

Afghanistan 330

Agursky, Mikhail 7, 28

nationalism in literature 218

New Right indifference to politics 235-6

on Smena Vekh 60-1

Aitmatov, The Executioner's Block 328-9

Akhmatova, Requiem 344

alienation 85, 273, 274-5, 280-1

intellectuals and 101, 208-9

analytic tendency 262-71

Anastas'ev, A., anti-Semitism 227

Andropov, Yuri 317

Animal Farm (Orwell) 80-1

anti-Semitism 34n23, 133-4, 235

Babi Yar 150-1

nationalism 227, 233, 254n129, 337

Pamyat' 335, 354, 356

Stalinist anti-intellectualism 108, 128-9, 135

Zionism 225-6

‘Aquarium’ 330, 331

architecture 120

Arendt, Hannah 42

Armenia 132

arrests and punishment ix, xi, 24, 48, 53, 153

Stalinist 142-3

youth movement 147, 148

see also Counter-revolution: Red and White terrors; Stalin Arsen'ev, K.K., on failure of Vekhi 33

art (creativity) see culture

art (painting and painters) 4, 16, 100, 115

censorship of 105, 107, 116

Futurists 49, 167

Khrushchev and 175-6

patriotism 133-4

Asiatic influence autocracy 10–12, 76-7

mode of production 275-6, 286, 297–304

Astaf'ev 337

The Doleful Detective 328-9

Autobiography (Yevtushenko) 166, 200

autocracy 10–14, 76-7

see also Asiatic influence; statocracy

Babi Yar (Yevtushenko) 149-51, 184n96

Bakhtin, M.M., philosophy of culture 95, 278-80

theory of dialogue 233-4

Bakunin, Mikhail 359

Baron, Samuel 15

Batishchev, G., ‘The Active Essence of Man’ 275

Batkin, L., philosophy of culture 218, 280-2

on nationalism 222, 228

Beatles 331

Belinsky, Vissarion 20, 227

Western influences 228, 233

Bely, Andrei 49

Bence see Rakovsky

Berdyaev, Nikolai 14, 17, 31n96, 50, 235

Slavophilism 19, 225, 227, 232

Soviet state 50, 79

Vekhi 26, 27, 29, 30-1, 33

western influence 12, 13, 255n140

Besançon, A. 236

Bettelheim, Charles 84

Bibler, V.S., Thinking as Creativity 278-9

Birman, A. 191-2, 198

Black Hundreds 229, 230-1

see also nationalism 229

‘Black Square’ (Malevich) 49

Bloch, Ernst 313

Bloch, Marc 279

Blok, Alexander 49–50, 57

Bodkhovsky, M. 21

Boffa, Giuseppe 61, 90

Bolsheviks in power 43, 48, 60

on 22nd Congress 172-3

Bolsheviks anti-democratic 42-51

attempt to establish unified order 38–42

attitudes towards culture 56-60

foster intelligentsia 51-5

lose battle against bureaucracy 64-7 1

neo- movement 146, 148

religion and 28

split with Mensheviks 22-3, 25

see also Bukharin; Communism; counter-revolution; Lenin; Trotsky bourgeoisie 11, 39, 98, 227

step to socialism 23, 35n56, 80

Brave New World (Huxley) 59

Brezhnev, Leonid x, 113

rise of dissidents 211-51

stability xi, 181, 191, 312, 317

stagnation under 209-12, 357-8

Britain 132

Bronstein, Lev see Trotsky, Leon Brown, Archie 4

Brus, Wlodzimierz 77, 80, 359

Brym, Robert 25

Bulgakov, S. 31

Bukharin, Nikolai 36n80, 67, 93, 106

hopes for maturing working class 68-9

intelligentsia and 49, 56, 59, 92-3

rehabilitation 333, 354-5, 357

Shatrov makes film about 320-1

see also Bolsheviks

Bukovsky, Volodya 136, 145, 196, 240-1, 256n185

against censorship 147-8, 190

Bulgakov, Mikhail ix, 93, 1 19, 204

Bulgakov, S., Vekhi 26

Bulgarin, poet 205-7

Buravsky, A., Speak… 318

bureaucracy, literature of 158-9

bureaucracy 81, 87, 112, 360-1

nomenklatura rule 80, 83-4

post-revolutionary strengthening 64–71,76

sabotages Gorbachev 323

technocracy and 265-71

Burg, David, on youth movement 144-6

Burlatsky, F. 266-9, 302-3

Riddle and Lesson of N. Machiavelli 268-9

Two Views From One Office 327-8

Burzhuademov, K. (Sokiro) 244, 245, 310-11

Byzantium, Soviet parallels 298

Cadets (Constitutional Democratic Party) 25-6, 31-2, 33

Capital (Marx) 280

capitalism 63, 275-6

Russian 1 1, 294, 356

step to socialism 40, 78-9

Capon,G. 29

Carmichael, Joel 58, 66

de Castris, A.L. 86

censorship ix, 119, 157, 204

Bolshevik policy 43-6, 48, 53

difficulties in abstract arts 116

glasnost' 319, 341

inconsistent character 108-9

influence on culture 103–110

philosophy 286

self-censorship 104, 326-7

social sciences 105-7

Cerroni, Umberto 96

Chaadaev, P. Ya. 17, 224

Chalidze, V., legal Marxism 284

Chalmaev, V., ‘Inevitability’ 229-30

Chavance, Bernard 84

Chekhov, Anton 20, 116

Chernenko, Konstantin 317

Chernyshevsky, N.G. 20

Cheshkov, M.A. 106

history of Vietnam 300-2

state-class 82-3, 85

Chevènement, Jean-Pierre 99

Children of the Arbat (Rybakov) 321, 325,343

China 302-3

class intelligentsia and 6–7, 110-12

state as class 80-4, 85

see also workers and peasants

Claudin, Fernando 95

Club for Social Initiatives xi, 334, 353, 361

Cockburn, Patrick xi

Cohen, Stephen 45, 67

collectivism 91, 208, 287, 290-1, 357

Communism 63, 264, 284

barracks 96, 120, 178, 275-6, 286

crisis of reform ideology 200-11

not necessarily socialist 292

supernatural role of Party 84

‘True’ 242-5

see also Eurocommunism; socialism Concerning Marxism in Linguistics (Stalin) 130

cosmopolitanism see Jews and anti-Semitism counter-revolution 52

brings censorship 44

difficult for intelligentsia 48-51

Red and White terrors 46-7, 52, 63, 12n54, 239, 256n175

critical realism 115

cult of personality 142, 156, 172-3, 300

culture 84, 109

Bakhtin’s philosophy of 278-82

Bolsheviks’ attitude 56–60, 69–71

corruption of submission 120

creativity 94-7, 141, 309-10

cultural-political process 3–7, 16, 68, 250-1

materialism 261, 271

NEP period fruitful 51-5

political pressure on artists 84-5, 85-8, 92-3, 171

revolution causes emigration 50-1

social criticism 9-11, 13

struggle between talent and mediocrity 205-7

tradition 167-8

see also art; films; history; literature; music; science; theatre cybernetics 130, 197

Czechoslovakia economic reforms 194, 200

Prague Spring 198-9, 241, 312

Dali, Salvador x

Daniel, Yuly, triall of 188-90

Danilov, V.P. 289-90

Dawn over Moscow (Surov) 114

Deborin 190

Debray, Régis 309

Decembrists 14, 20

see also Revolution Dement'ev, A. 230

democracy 240, 348-9, 356

failure in revolution 43-6, 55, 64

indivisibility 65, 322

lack of creates alienation 85

necessary for socialism 77-8

New Left and 349-52, 359-60

one-party system 248, 361

opponents 19, 223, 335

socialism and 5, 77-8, 310-11

Soviet situation 16, 62, 67–70, 247

utopian ideals 285-7

Deutscher, Isaac 238

Dialectical Logic (Il'enkov) 273

Dialectics of Abstract and Concrete (Il'enkov) 273

Dialectics of Hope (Kagarlitsky) 313

Diamonds to Sit On (Ilf and Petrov) 242

‘Diary of Nina Kosterina’ 164

The Dictatorship of Conscience (Shatrov) 318

Diligensky, G.G. 295-6

dissidents 14, 325, 335, 339

inverted Stalinism 356-7

publishing 346-7 rise of 211-51

development in 1970s 232-7

Doctor Zhivago (Pasternak) 159, 344

dogmatism 78, 160, 178-9

inverted Stalinism 234-51

Marxism degraded by 95-6, 180-1

The Doleful Detective (Astaf'ev) 328-9

Doroshevich, V.M. 46

Dostoevsky, Fyodor 20, 227, 233-4

Drabkin, Ya. S. 180, 295

Dubček, Alexander 199

Dudintsev, Not By Bread Alone 157, 158-9

Dunaevsky, V.A. 289

ecology 219, 334

Greens 363-4

political groups 345, 348-9

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (Marx) 30

Economic Problems of Socialism (Stalin) 122

economy and economists 217, 323

Stalin and 122, 134

theories for reform 191–201

‘Educated Philistinism’ (Lobanov) 229

education xi, 18, 60, 94

Efros, Anatoly 262, 322

attack on 229, 233

Egides, P. 272, 274

Ehrenburg, Ilya

People, Years, Life 164-5, 167, 168

Eidelman, quarrel with Astaf'ev 329, 337

Einstein, Albert 130

Elleinstein, Jean 214

Engels, Friedrich 10, 285

dialect of nature 276-7

fears about non-industrial socialism 76-7

Eurocommunism x, 79, 194, 241, 291

Evreinov, N, supports Bolsheviks 49

The Executioner’s Block (Aitmatov) 328-9

Fadeyev, A., ‘Humanism of Stalin’ 136

Fascism 230-1, 256n185

Fedukhin, Dr S. 90

Fidousi 131-2

Filimonov, E. 220

film and television 105, 138

under Gorbachev 319-21, 323-4. 330

Hollywoodization 260-2

France 47

Frankfurt School 95, 198, 207, 273

alienation 274, 276

freedom 304

cost of 313

philosophical view 274, 276

Frioux, Claude 108

Fromm, Erich 273„337

Gafurov, B. 132

Galich, Aleksandr x

The Sailor’s Rest 108

Garaudy, Roger, Marxism in the 20th Century 274

Gefter, M. Ya. 180, 281, 291, 292

German, Aleksandr 264, 319

A Meeting of the Party Committee 269-70

We, the Undersigned 270-1

Georgia 132

Gerasimov, A. 133

Gershenzon, M. 31

Gladkov, I. 134

glasnost' see liberalization Glazunov, Ilya 216, 232-3

Gnedin, E., ‘Lost Illusions and Discovered Hopes’ 166, 209

Gogol, Nikolai 20, 227, 233

Gorbachev, Mikhail liberalization 318-40 1987

speech 354-5 reforms xi, 349-50

reads Literaturnaya Gazeta 319

Gorky, Maxim 50, 113

Goyan, G. 132

Graham, Loren

on intelligentsia 52, 129

Marxist philosophy 276, 277-8

science 121-2, 197

Gramsci, Antonio 6, 12, 95, 96, 284, 291-2, 359

degeneration of politics into propaganda 87

intelligentsia 16, 98

on bureaucratic centralism 65-6

Granin, D.

‘A Sacred Gift’ 205-7

‘Private Opinion’ 157

Great Soviet Encyclopaedia 89–90, 1 10, 131

Grebenshchikov, B. 330, 331, 333

Gredeskul, N.A. 20, 32

Grossman, Vasily, Life and Fate ix, 333-4,344

Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn) 177, 239

Gumilev, N. 48

Gurevich, A. Ya. 114, 133, 279

historiography 282, 293-4

Hegedüs, Andras 79–80, 163, 292-3

Hegel, Georg W.F. 19, 30, 273, 277

The Heirs of Stalin (Yevtushenko) 173, 174

Herzen, Alexander I. 9, 11, 28

Western influence 227, 228, 229

history and social sciences 4, 198, 262, 288-304

legal Marxism 284-5

Stalinist 92, 131-3, 288-92

censorship 105-7

historical materialism 292-6

sociology 117-18

study of Asiatic models 297–304

Holz, H.H., cultural-political process 6, 10

Hotel Astoria (Shtein) 160

The House on the Embankment (Trifanov) 262

Hungary 149, 199

Huxley, Aldous, Brave New World 59

ideology 84, 119-20, 123n38, 222, 240

breaking up of official 243-5

crisis of reform 201-11

hunger caused by stagnation 215, 216-18

negativity 211-12

Il'enkov, E.V., dialectic philosophy 280

Il'enkov, F., dialectic philosophy 273

imperialism 132, 228, 235

industrialization 39, 91

road to socialism 22-4, 40, 76-7

‘Inevitability’ (Chalmaev) 229-30

intelligentsia 321

anti-Stalinism 136-44

Bolsheviks and 48–51, 59

class position 6–7, 110-12, 207-8

disappointment and stagnation 209-12

dissidents 88-9, 211-51

Khrushchev and 161-5, 318

origins and definition 12, 14–17

proletarianization of 97-103

revolutionary tradition 13–14, 20-6

Stalin represses 89–97, 128-35

tired of disenchantment 310-11

unity with masses 32-3, 129

Vekhi creates debate 26–34

West and 12–13, 207-9

Is It Easy To Be Young? 330

Italy 68, 291

Itinerants 116

Ivan IV (the terrible) 225, 230

Stalin admires 289

Ivanov, Vyacheslav 49

Kandidat nauk (Troepol'sky) 157, 188

Kantorovich, V, ‘Sociology and Literature’ 198

Karaganov, A. 141

Kardin, V. 144, 155, 159-60

Karpinsky, L. 339, 340

Karyakin, Yu. 177, 178-9

Kasimenko, A.K. 288-9

Kautsky, Karl 43, 45, 239

Khakaev, S. 232

Khrushchev, Nikita 96, 188

de-Stalinization 141-8, 172-3, 318

groundwork for Gorbachev 332

irritation with artists 159, 168, 175

liberalization 149-52, 154-5, 174-6, 180, 356

‘Kino’ 331, 332

Kis see Rakovsky Klimov, Elem 324

Knebel, M.O. 154-5

Kolakowski, L. 250

Kolyma Notes (Shelest) 174

Komarov, B. 219

Kon, Igor ‘Reflections on the American Intelligentsia’ 207-10

Kopelev, L. 238

Kornai, Janos 359

Korolenko, V.G. 46, 47

Korotich, Vitaly, editor of Ogonyok 342

Kosesnitsky, I.F. 298

Kosterina, Nina 164

Kozhanov, V. 223–6

Kropotkin, Peter, Prince 47, 332

Kryakutnoy, balloonist fantasy 131

Kuban Cossacks 138

Kuvakin, V.A. 28, 61-2

Lakshin, Vladimir 161, 179, 338, 343

on Sozhenitsyn 166, 173, 177

Larin, Sergei 47-8

The Last Term (Rasputin) 219

Latsis, O. 192, 193

Lee, Jerzy 313

Left-wing xi-xii, 208-9, 337-40, 353, 362-4

manifesto 349-52

samizdat 346-7

theoretical languages 348-9

Western 363-4

Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, and Leninism attitudes towards culture 58, 69–71

battls bureaucracy 64, 66, 87

Christianity 27, 29–30

Bolshevik aims 40-1, 42-3, 44-8

intelligentsia and 32, 55-6, 68, 200, 357

New Economic Policy 194-5

on Thermidorian reaction 295

partisanship of literature 93

philosophy 18, 20, 119

workers and serfs 11, 23, 25

see also Bolsheviks; Communism; Marx and Marxism Leonhard, Wolfgang 6, 77, 247

Leonov, L., The Russian Forest 152-3

Lermontov, Mikhail 20

Lewin, Moshe 64, 66

Lezhnev, Isai 53-4, 62-3

liberalization xi, 339

disappointment after Khrushchev 201-3

Gorbachev era x, 318-40

Khrushchev 149-52, 154-5, 174-6, 180, 356

Life and Fate (Grossman) ix, 333-4, 344

Lifshitz, Mikhail 104, 140-1

Lim, A. 211-12

Lisichkin, G. 83-4, 192-5

literature and criticism 4

acceptance of Bolsheviks 49–50

analytic tendency 262-3

anti-Semitic 328-9

anti-Stalinist 164, 173-4, 176-9

book boom of 1970s 261

censorship 108, 189

changes under Gorbachev 320-1, 343-4

criticism 152-4, 165-6

dissident elite 214

history of 20, 95, 156

interpretation by nationalists 233-4

liberalization under Khrushchev 149-61

moral role of writers 6–7, 9, 16, 181-2

nationalism 218-19

post-reform disappointment 202-7

socialist realism 112-15, 116, 137-41

Stalinist control 93-4, 130

see also censorship; culture; publishing; theatre Labanov, M. 227

‘Educated Philistinism’ 229

The Louse (Shevtsov) 168-9

Lukács, Georg 273

Lukin, V. 300, 303

Lunacharsky, A.V. 119, 153

Luxemburg, Rosa 39, 43, 45, 64, 239

Lysenko, T. 121-2, 130, 188-9, 277

Lyubers 336-7

Lyubimov, Yuri 321-2, 324

Maksimov, A. 130, 238

Mal'kov, V. 180

Malevich, Kasimir, ‘Black Square’ 49

Marcuse, Herbert 68, 84, 86, 359

Marek, F. and E. Pischer, What Lenin Really Said 170

Markus, M. 292-3

Martinet, Gilles 91

Martov, Julius 46, 47, 239

Marx, Karl and Marxism alienation 85

Asiatic mode of production 10–11, 82

bureaucracy and 70, 80, 267

on censorship 104-5

‘class’ undefined 81 historical materialism 292-6

internationalism 228

superstructure and base schema 5–6 criticism of 30-1, 48, 78

degradation of 95-6, 176, 303-4

industrialism necessary 22-3, 41, 76, 178

philosophy 30, 272-8, 279-80, 282-8

politics 5, 79

religion of 36n80, 160, 221

renewed interest in 332, 345, 357

replaces local populism 36n57

see also dogma; Engels; philosophy; socialism Marxism in the 20th Century (Garaudy) 274

Mayakovsky, V. 49, 147-8, 200-1

Maydannik, K.L. 296

Medvedev, Roy 102, 148-9, 283, 306n62

on anti-Semitism 129

on exodus of peasants to cities 91

on Khrushchev era 142, 166

on Novy Mir 157

on Red and White terrors 239

Political Diary 9, 165

on Stalin 89, 190

Medvedev, Zhores 48, 51, 52, 147

against Lysenko 188-9, 277

A Meeting of the Party Committee (Gelman) 269-70

Mensheviks 64, 65

split with Bolsheviks 22, 25

Merezhkovsky, D. 28, 29, 34

Meshcheryakov, N. 54-5, 62

Metropol' (Vysotsky) 206

Michnik, A. 311

Mighty Handful 116

Milyukov 25-6, 33

Mlynař, Z. 198

moral criticism 180-2, 214-15

‘Mosaic’ 331

Moscow News 342

Mother (Gorky) 113, 205

Motyl', V. 261

Mounier, Emmanuel 135

music 115, 202

censorship 116, 130

rock 329-30, 331-2, 345

Naan,G. 130

Narodniks 21, 22-3, 332

nationalism 216-37, 337

Stalin 131-5

Slavophiles 17–18, 27, 216, 218-19, 221-31

Nedoshivin, G. 169-70

Nekrich, 22

June 1941 190 New Economic Policy 63, 64, 194-5

Nicaragua 363

Nineteen Eighty Four (Orwell) 80-1

Not By Bread Alone (Dudintsev) 157, 158-9

Novacherkassk strike 175

Novaya Rossiya 62, 63

Novaya Zhizn' 38-9, 42

Novy Mir 141, 166, 338

censorship 104, 105, 136-7, 140

economic theory 191

literary centre 157, 203-4, 213

loss of uniqueness 210-11

on corruption of creativity 120-1

revival 343

The Old Man (Trifanov) 262

On Idols and Ideals (Il'enkov) 273

‘On Sincerity in Literature’ (Pomerantsev) 137-41

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Solzhenitsyn) 161, 173-4, 176-7, 178, 181

One-Dimensional Man (Marcuse) 86

The Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt) 42

Orlov, V. 50

Orlova, R. 143

Ortega y Gasset, José 176

Orwell, George 5, 80-1, 288

Osipov, V. 232

Ostrovsky, The Storm 233

Our Revolution (Lenin) 40

Ovechkin, V. 104, 141

Pamyat' (Memory) 335, 348, 354, 356

Parfenov, Kirill 334, 335

Pasternak, Boris, Doctor Zhivago 104, 159, 344

Pavlovksy, Gleb 333, 335, 342

Pelikan, I. 201

People, Years, Life (Ehrenburg) 164-5, 167

Perakh, Mark 140

perestroika see Gorbachev, Mikhail: reforms

Peter I (the Great) 12–13, 41

Petrakov, N. 191, 199

Philosophical Notebooks (Lenin) 273

philosophy 4, 96, 272-8

Bakhtin and culture 278-82

dialectical 200, 273, 276-8

Engels 276-7

Hegel 19, 30, 273, 277

idealism 27, 29

Lenin 272-8, 279-80, 282-8

positivism 27

utopian 285-7

see also Frankfurt School; Marx and Marxism

Pirates of the Twentieth Century 260-1

Pischer, E. and F. Marek, What Lenin Really Said 170

Plan and Market (Lisichkin) 193-5

Plastov 116-17, 134

Plekhanov, ideology 120, 238

Poiski 335

Pokrovsky, M.N. 11, 25, 26, 59, 62

Poland 312, 313, 363

Polensky, V. 15

Political Diary (Medvedev) 9, 165, 198-9

Pomerants, G. 17, 240

Pomerantsev, V., ‘On Sincerity in Literature’ 104, 137-41

Pomper, Philip 14

Ponomarev, B.N. 288

Portugal 302

Potekhin, Yu. 60

Prague Spring see Czechoslovakia

A Present-Day Idyll

(Saltykov-Shchedrin) 205

Prison Notebooks (Gramsci) 95, 96, 291-2

‘Private Opinion’ (Granin) 157 property 287

state owned 67, 78–82, 303

publishing abroad 60, 189-90, 213-14, 341

anti-Stalinism 159

glasnost' x, xii, 341-7

illegal literature 22, 174, 212, 214, 283-4

journals 30, 104

printing unwanted books 102

samizdat 101, 174, 214, 272, 344-7

social realism and insincerity 138-9

under Bolsheviks 53, 60

writers as employees 100

youth movements 145, 147

see also censorship; literature; Novy Mir; theatre Pushkin 20, 205-7

The Quotation (Zorin) 327

Radek, Karl 239

Radzinsky, Sporting Scenes of 1981 327

Rakovksy, Marc (Bence and Kis) ideological hunger 211, 215, 237

illegal literature 174

role of intelligentsia 100, 162

socialism 82, 199

technocracy and bureaucrats 266

Rasputin, V., The Last Term 219

Reagan, Ronald 355

‘Reflections on the American Intelligentsia’ (Kon) 207-9

reform 237, 250, 318

crisis of ideology 201-11

economic 188, 191, 323, 358-60

emancipation 21-2

see also economists; ideology rehabilitation 333

literature 153, 344

religion and church 12, 235, 279

dissident writers 219-21

Vekhi and Christian intelligentsia 27–30,34

Repentence 325, 326

Requiem (Akhmatova) 344

Revel, J-P 313

The Revolution Betrayed (Trotsky) 78-9, 95

revolution, intelligentsia and 13–16

Revolution 24-5, 38–42, 53-4, 76

Rhozhdestvensky, R. 321

Riddle and Lesson of N. Machiavelli (Burlatsky) 268-9

right wing see dissidents; Facism; nationalism

Road Test (German) 320

Romanovs see Peter I, Ivan IV Ronkin, V. 232

Rozanov, V. 28–9

Rozov, Victor 144, 322, 326-7

Rubenstein, Joshua 159

The Russian Forest (Leonov) 152-3

Rybakov, Anatoly, Children of the Arbat 321, 325, 343

Sabato, Ernesto 344

The Sailor’s Rest (Galich) 108

Sakharov, Andrei 214, 339

samizdat see under publishing

Sapozhnikov, V. 219

Sappak, V., Television and Us 171-2

Sartre, Jean-Paul 16–17, 86, 98

Sats, I. 137, 140

Schapiro, Leonard 31

Schumacher, E.F. 240

science and engineering 51-2, 111, 123 n38, 157-8

dissident elite 214

Lysenko 121-2, 188-9, 277

Stalin attacks 89–90, 130

serfdom 16

feudalism compared 10–11, 298

Reform of 1861 21, 24

Shafarevich 234-5, 286

Shakhty case 90

Shatrov, Mikhail 263-4, 320

The Dictatorship of Conscience 318

Weather for Tomorrow 264-5

Shatz, Marshall 13, 14, 91, 151, 189

on moral literature 181, 182

on rebirth of dissent 88-9

Shcheglov, Mark 141, 152-3

Shcherbakov Palaces, preserved by youth action 334

Shelest, G., Kolyma Notes 174

Sheshkov, Marat 101

Shevtsov, I., The Louse 168-9

Shils, Edward 94

Shtein, Hotel Astoria 160

Šik, on cybernetics 197

Simonov, K. 156

editorship of Novy Mir 141, 159

Sinyavsky, Andrei 108

trial of 188-90

What is Socialist Realism? 169

Slavophiles see under nationalism Smena Vekh 60-3, 74/7/79

Smirnov, Il ya 345

social liberalism, collapse of 160

social realism 112-20, 136

reaction against 136-40, 152-3

decline of 164-72, 261

Social-Democrats 25

Social-Revolutionaries 31-2, 42

socialism 16, 28, 313, 361

Communists fail to achieve 77–85, 123/7/2, 286, 292, 299, 303

democratic 43-4, 310-11

early spirit of 22-3, 54-5

humanistic 276

loss of confidence in 200

market economy 192-6, 199, 200, 360

not immediate aim of Bolsheviks 39-41

preconditions for 60

renewed movement for xii, 335, 348-9,249-51

ruined by dogmatism 241-2

self-management 249

Soviet model not inevitable 244, 300

youth movement and 146, 332

see also Communism; democracy; Marxism Sofri, Gianni 78

Sokirko, V. see Burzhuademov Solovev, Vladimir 28, 29, 235

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 152-3, 166, 172, 222

censorship 104

Gulag Archipelago 177, 239

inverted Stalinism 234-5, 236-7, 245, 357

Letter to Soviet Leaders 236

nationalism 231-2

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 161, 173-4, 176-7, 178, 181

turn to right 202, 203

Sosnora, V. 104

Souvarine, Boris 44

Soviet Marxism (Marcuse) 86

Speak… (Buravsky) 318

Sporting Scenes of 1981 (Radzinsky) 327

Stalin, Josef 10, 88, 229, 285

bureaucracy 66

censorship and 104

creates dissident dogmatism 234-5, 235-51

corpse moved 173

cultural control 93-7, 288-92

exposure at 20th Congress 141-8, 172

freedom from 161

influences 62, 230

intelligentsia 111, 128-35, 136

linguistics 130-1

neo-Stalinism 190, 326, 336-7, 348, 354-6, 361, 362

reaction against 151, 240

socialist realism 112-20, 136

terrors of 69, 89–94, 342-4

Stanislavsky, K.D. 116, 154, 204

Stankevich, on counter-revolution 52

statocracy 81

alienation of creative workers 101-2

art and 86-8

Asiatic mode of production 78, 299-300

control of surplus product 82

hypocrisy 214

nationalization not socialism 77-85

puts socialists in spot 311

reforms 180-2, 196

ruling elite legitimize 303-4

see also bureaucracy The Storm (Ostrovsky) 233

strikes, summer of 1962 175

Stroeva, M., on Lenin 263-4

Struve, Vekhi 26, 31, 32, 33

Sukhanov, N. 39–40, 42

superstructure and base schema 5-6

Surov, A., Dawn over Moscow 114

Sweden 359

Tadzhikistan 132

Tales of the Siberian Land 138

Tamarin, P., on publishing abroad 213

Tarkovsky, Andrei 321-2, 324

Zerkalo 226-7

technocracy 197-8, 265-71, 284

technology, failures of 6 television see film and television Television and Us (Sappak) 171-2

The Master and Margarita (Bulgakov) ix

theatre 233, 324

analytic tendency 263-5 anti-intellectualism and 134 censorship 105, 321-2 influence of 20th Congress 154-5, 262

socialist realism 116, 153

under Brezhnev 204

under Gorbachev x, 326-9

Thermidorian dictatorship 47-9, 62, 295

Thinking as Creativity (Bibler) 278-9

Tolstoy 116, 309

Tompkins, S.A. 26, 33

totalitarianism 5, 120, 357

necessary work 287-8, 294

Tovstonogov, G. 155, 205

trade unions 11, 60, 100

Trifanov, Yuri 164, 262-3

Troepol'sky, G., Kandidat nauk 157, 158, 188

Trotsky, Leon 95, 239, 354-5, 357

bureaucracy and 66-7, 81

culture 56-7, 58

defends Bolshevik aims 40-1, 44-5, 61

difficulties of democracy 43

fall of 93

The Revolution Betrayed 78-9

works censored under Stalin 106

see also Bolsheviks Tsipko, utopianism 286, 304

Tucker, Robert C. 4, 21, 88, 137

Tugan-Barqnovsky 16, 22, 97

Turgenev, Ivan 20, 116

Tvardovsky, after Stalin 161

Tvardovsky, editorship of Novy Mir 137, 140, 159, 161, 204, 210-11

Twelfth Floor 319-20, 330, 335

‘The Twelve’ (Blok) 50

Twentieth Congress 141-8, 154—5 22

June 1941 (Nekrich) 190

Twenty-Second Congress 172-3

Two Views From One Office (Burlatsky) 327-8

Ul'yanov, Mikhail, attacks emigres 321-2

‘The Uncomfortableness of Culture’ (Batkin) 281-3

United States 313, 361

Uskakov, D.N. 110

utopianism 285-7, 296

Uzbeks 132

Vaksberg, A., on art 271

Varianty 283-4

Vasil'ev, L.S. 297, 299

Vekhi(Waymarks) 26–34, 217

Vitkin, M.A. 298

Vlasov, Yu. 323

Vodolazov, G. 106, 287, 294, 303-4

Volgin, I. 233-4

Volin, P. 192

VOOPIK 334

Voprosy Istorii 90-1

Voronsky, A. 65

Voytolovsky 55-6

Vygodsky, L.S. 119

Vysotsky, Vladimir 206, 329

We, the Undersigned (Gel'man) 270-1

Weather for Tomorrow (Shatrov) 264-5

Western influence 12–13, 22, 145, 153

imitation and idealization 41, 247

nationalism and 17–19, 233, 227-9

What Does Man Need? (Lisichkin) 193-5

What is Socialist Realism? (Sinyavksy) 169

What Is To Be Done? (Lenin) 18, 111

What Lenin Really Said (Pischer and Marek) 170

workers 161, 296

Bolsheviks and Revolution 24-5, 32-3, 38-9, 42-3

exodus to cities 91

exploitation by state 79, 80

mobilization of 318, 362

rising cultural level 311, 312-13

unprepared for democracy 67–70

see also class; trade unions

World War I 34