The Year's Best Science Fiction, Volume 1

INTRODUCTION A New Beginning JONATHAN STRAHAN

Calendar purists may argue over exactly when the decade or the century or the millennia changes, but when the numbers change it feels like a new beginning, a fresh start, a time to take a look back. So as we move into 2020 it seems right to take stock. One fifth of the century is done, after all, and launching a new series of year’s best science fiction anthologies, The Year’s Best Science Fiction (with a respectful and affectionate nod to my old friend and mentor Gardner Dozois), seems an appropriate thing to do. This isn’t the first time I’ve had the chance to do this, but this time feels special, different. After all, we’re living in the future. Orwell’s 1984 is a distant memory, Prince’s promised 1999 party is decades ago, Clarke’s 2001 is almost as old, and even the far-future 2019 of Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner is now in the past.

And these are new and different times. The science-fictional world we’re living in was barely imaginable twenty years ago. In his introduction to The Year’s Best Science Fiction for 2000 Gardner Dozois speculated on the impact of ebooks, whether Amazon.com could possibly survive, if anyone would ever work out how to make money publishing short fiction online (answer: not yet), and what the continued impact of the internet and online shopping might be. He was concerned about Napster and downloading, and this was when the iPod was still a year away; the explosion of handheld devices, smartphones, and e-readers and more were all in the future and unimaginable; and no one would have believed the impact or dominance Disney, Apple, or Amazon are now having. Science fiction is at best so-so at predicting the future, but in early 2000 no one could really have imagined what was going to happen in SF and the wider world. It’s true that some of the concerns that dominate our lives were on the horizon. If no one predicted every political trend, people were at least talking about saving the environment and confronting the coming climate apocalypse, something that was mostly absent from the science fiction of 2000 but which dominates our lives and imaginations and forms the underpinnings of most SF you’ll see today.

So, what exactly is this book you’re now holding, this year’s best science fiction? A dedicated few readers are invested in defining what science fiction is, what exactly falls inside its bounds and is science fiction, and what falls outside and is therefore not science fiction. It’s a discussion that makes for an amusing rainy afternoon distraction but can equally be the basis for terrible arguments and disagreements, and take up far too much time. In the early 1950s Damon Knight tried to define science fiction and came up with something that is often paraphrased as “Science fiction is [or means] what we point to when we say it.” I’ve heard other interesting definitions, but for this book and this series that will suffice. Science fiction will be what I point to when I say science fiction. I think most of the people who are going to read this book aren’t invested in definitions of science fiction or what its role or purpose might be (beyond simple entertainment), so other than opting firmly for inclusivity over exclusivity, I’d rather leave that for a conversation over a drink somewhere and move on.

It’s my intention that every volume of The Year’s Best Science Fiction will focus on the best short SF that I read during the preceding year and felt was worth gathering together for your attention—a personal best, an honest attempt at compiling the best of everything I’ve read in the past year into a thoughtful and entertaining book. You won’t need to know the secret handshake or have the club code or read a whole bunch of other stuff to get the most out of what follows—you’ll just need to be interested in the world around you and want to read something exciting and interesting and timely. Which doesn’t really tell you what this particular book is like, or even what it’s intended to be like. Science fiction has been moving steadily, with a few bumps along the way, to a more inclusive, more diverse kind of fiction, one that doesn’t preference specific voices over others, and one that is open to telling stories from a wide range of perspectives. It’s a type of science fiction that isn’t too worried about how strictly science fictional things are, but allows the genres to blur and mix a little: less of a purist’s game, which strikes me as a good thing. And this book will hopefully reflect all that: stories for lovers of science fiction and for people who just love great stories.

If you take a look at the two SF “it” books of 2019, neither actually broke much new ground in science-fictional terms and weren’t too concerned if they blurred and blended genre a little. Tamsyn Muir’s debut, Gideon the Ninth (Tor.com), is science fantasy, a gothic space opera about lesbian necromancers getting together to try to save the universe—sort of. It came out two thirds of the way through the year and everyone went wild for it. Is it SF or fantasy? It didn’t seem to matter a lot because it was fresh, new, and of the moment. The other book was a novella, This Is How You Lose the Time War by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (Saga), a story told in notes and messages left by two agents on opposite sides of a time war as they fall in love. Again, the bones of the story were science fiction, but while the story was justifiably widely adored it did little new. The feeling right now is that working out how to represent the entirety of the community we see around us in fiction is what counts, and that doesn’t seem like such a bad way to look at things to this reader.

So, how was the year in science fiction? To be honest, it was a bit of a roller coaster. One of the signature, and most explosive, moments of the year took place onstage at the Hugo Awards in Dublin, Ireland, at the 77th World Science Fiction Convention. Hong Kong–born British fantasy writer Jeannette Ng took to the stage to accept the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best New Writer and in a whirlwind speech both called out award namesake John W. Campbell for his political and racial views, and emotionally responded to events taking place in Hong Kong. Ng’s speech was powerful, emotive, and acted as a tipping point for change. Within two weeks Dell Magazines, sponsor of the award, announced that they would be renaming the Campbell Award as the Astounding Award—something that had apparently been under active consideration as part of the 2020 90th anniversary celebrations for Analog—and within a month the Gunn Center for the Study of Science Fiction had renamed the Campbell Conference the Gunn Center Conference, and there was talk they also may rename their Campbell Award. Then in mid-October the Tiptree Motherboard somewhat controversially announced that they would be renaming the James Tiptree Jr. Literary Award as the Otherwise Award in recognition of complications and sensitivities surrounding the late James Tiptree. These actions were consistent with a move for change that has been evident in SF since the World Fantasy Award was redesigned in 2015, when a caricature of the late H. P. Lovecraft was replaced for similar reasons, and for the most part were welcomed and seen as a step forward.

Things weren’t quite as explosive on the book publishing scene. I don’t follow the comings and goings at book publishers or the opening, merging, or shuttering of publishing houses very closely, so I won’t attempt to provide you with a detailed assessment of the business, at least at publisher level. To this observer, things seemed pretty normal: some tumult, some success, but overall steady-as-she-goes. Certainly, these are challenging times for publishing houses and booksellers, but it has ever been so, and the pressure to diversify, to change and evolve, is relentless. The lauded editor and publisher Malcolm Edwards announced his departure from Gollancz, a company he’d been instrumental in developing, and a retirement party was dutifully held. Hardly any time had passed before it became clear that the retirement was more of a pause, as an announcement came that Edwards—the editor of J. G. Ballard and William Gibson, among others—would be heading a revived André Deutsch imprint that would publish SF as part of its roster. In similar news, Harry Potter publisher Arthur A. Levine announced he was leaving Scholastic after twenty-three years to form his own independent publishing company.

A few other examples aside, 2019 did not seem to see the kind of large-scale changes in SF publishing that we’ve seen in recent years, with no real equivalent to the changes at Orbit several years ago or Tor more recently, though Simon & Schuster’s decision to move Saga Press, their popular science fiction and fantasy imprint and publisher of this book, to Gallery was notable, as the company repositioned it for further growth. Late in the year, respected and award-winning editor Navah Wolfe left the imprint. Also notable was Penguin Random House’s decision to shutter prestigious nonfiction imprint, Spiegel & Grau. Running against the closure trend, a buoyant Tor Books announced a new horror imprint, Nightfire, which focuses on horror and dark fantasy and will launch its first titles in 2020.

Although SF in translation seemed more successful than at any other time I can remember, VIZ Media announced it would pause its long-running and widely respected Japanese translation imprint, Haikasoru, after completing publication of Yoshiki Tanaka’s Legend of the Galactic Heroes. There’s no indication if the imprint will be revived in the future, but it will be missed and was a vital part of the SF-in-translation scene. Also of note was the closure of Europa SF, the European Speculative Fiction Portal, at the end of 2019 after seven years of providing English-language news and information covering European fandom; the formation of the China Science Fiction Research Institute with “the aim of supporting the development of the sci-fi industry and related literary and artistic endeavours”; and the establishment of the Chilean Asociación de Literatura de Ciencia Ficción y Fantástica, which was founded in mid-2019. Science fiction is, as we shall see, all around the world.

Small and independent publishers play a vital role in the field, pioneering new voices, preserving history, and championing alternative points of view. While many independent presses seemed to have had strong years—most notably Subterranean Press, which published a number of the year’s best books—others struggled. Sadly, Crossed Genres Publications announced it was on indefinite hiatus and expected to close permanently once inventory was sold; Curiosity Quills Press announced it was stopping print publishing until it could clear outstanding royalty payments; and, most controversially, among allegations of late payments, nonpayments, and accusations of various improprieties, Canadian independent publisher ChiZine announced founders Sandra Kasturi and Brett Savory would be standing down from all publishing-related duties and Christie Harkin would assume the role of interim publisher. The future of the press is not known as I write.

What do all of these, and the no doubt many other changes I’ve missed, have to say about the state of things? I’m not sure. I think book publishing is in solid shape and I am optimistic about the decade ahead. Print, ebook, and audio sales are strong, independent booksellers are flourishing, and self-publishing has settled into a well-established path that carries none of the stigma that it once did. I am a little more cautious, though, about the state of short fiction and magazine publishing, which strikes me as being in a much more precarious situation, which we’ll get to next.

There’s no way to know how many SF short stories are published each year. Respected industry trade journal Locus (www.locusmag.com) has in the past estimated that over three thousand genre short stories are published annually, but that seems conservative, with stories now appearing in multiple-author anthologies, single-author short story collections, print and digital magazines, as part of Patreon and other fundraising platforms, in newsletters, as part of think tank projects, as individual stories sold online, and just about everywhere else. I don’t know how much of an indication of scale it is, but the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) currently lists forty short fiction markets that professionally publish speculative fiction of one kind or another, Locus identifies seventy, and online information source the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (www.isfdb.org) lists 862 short fiction magazine issues of one kind or another published during the year. And this, of course, excludes almost everything published outside the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, or in any language other than English. Suffice it to say, there are a lot of stories published every year in a lot of different places.

One change that happened early in the year that set the tone for 2019, even if it didn’t define it, was the announcement in January that SFWA would increase their minimum payment rate for professional short fiction markets (the SFWA pro rate) to eight cents per word from September 1, 2019. The main impact this announcement had, beyond the important push to increase payment to short fiction writers, was on where authors looking for professional markets choose to submit their work. It’s possible some markets will struggle to pay the higher rate and that it may impact their ability to attract top work, but it is nonetheless welcome.

It was a fairly good year for the SF magazine market, with a limited number of reported closures, and almost every magazine—print or digital—seeming to do well. We still don’t have any print magazines appearing on a monthly schedule, something we could rely on in the past, but that seems a small price to pay for a stable market. This might be the point where I should mention that most of the magazines established before 2000 were print magazines, and most established after 2010 were primarily digital, but by 2019 all of them have, to a greater or lesser degree, both a print and digital presence.

Twenty or more years ago, science fiction had the “big three” magazines: Asimov’s, Analog, and F&SF. Even though that nickname is no longer useful, with those three and Tor.com, Clarkesworld, Lightspeed, and Uncanny now making more of a “big seven,” it is good that all of these are still with us and, even if they may have trimmed their sails here and there, seem to be thriving in these digital times. F&SF reached its 70th year in 2019, publishing a special anniversary issue featuring work by Paolo Bacigalupi, Kelly Link, Michael Moorcock, and others. Charles Coleman Finlay’s fifth year at the magazine as editor was his best yet and saw him publishing outstanding fantasy and horror from G. V. Anderson, James Morrow, and Sam J. Miller, as well as strong SF from Lavie Tidhar, Elizabeth Bear, Rich Larson, and Michael Libling. The two Dell Magazines, Asimov’s Science Fiction and Analog Science Fiction and Fact, also had strong years. The less engineering focused of the two, Asimov’s, which has been published since 1977 and is edited by longtime editor Sheila Williams, featured excellent SF from Carrie Vaughn, Tegan Moore, Suzanne Palmer, Lawrence Watt-Evans, Greg Egan, Siobhan Carroll, Ray Nayler, and E. Lily Yu. In its 89th year of publication, Analog (formerly Astounding), under editor Trevor Quachri, published strong SF from Alec Nevala-Lee, Andy Dudak, S. B. Divya, Adam-Troy Castro, and James Van Pelt. Analog’s 90th anniversary falls in 2020 and it’s good to see it going strong and continuing to evolve. The other major print SF magazine is British institution Interzone, edited by Andy Sawyer. Launched in 1982 and always open to new and experimental work, it published interesting fiction from Tim Chawaga, Maria Haskins, John Kessel, and others.

Neil Clarke’s Clarkesworld, John Joseph Adams’s Lightspeed, Lynne Thomas and Michael Damian Thomas’s Uncanny Magazine, and Tor.com are vitally important magazines that are published either primarily or exclusively online. Clarkesworld was launched in 2006 and publishes science fiction and fantasy. It has been instrumental in developing translated fiction as part of the modern SF field, and in 2019 published outstanding translations from China and Korea, including Bo-young Kim’s powerful novella “How Alike Are We” and Chen Qiufan’s “In This Moment We Are Happy.” They also published one of the year’s best stories of any kind, “The Painter of Trees” by Suzanne Palmer, and wonderful work by Derek Künsken, M. L. Clark, A. T. Greenblatt, and Rachel Swirsky. Lightspeed debuted in 2010 and publishes science fiction and fantasy. To my eye a lot of the best work in Lightspeed this year was fantasy, with great work from Brooke Bolander and others, but they did publish strong SF from Matthew Corradi, Adam-Troy Castro, Dominica Phetteplace, Isabel Yap, and one of the year’s best SF stories, Caroline M. Yoachim’s “The Archronology of Love.” Uncanny Magazine debuted in 2014 and has won the Hugo Award for Best Semiprozine for the past four years. It publishes excellent work that often sits on the borders between SF and fantasy. Uncanny published outstanding fantasy by Ellen Klages, Vina Jie-Min Prasad, and Silvia Moreno-Garcia, and excellent SF by Elizabeth Bear, who probably had the best year of any single writer in the field, as well as by Maurice Broaddus, Tim Pratt, and Fran Wilde. Tor.com was launched by Tor Books in 2008 and quickly established itself as a preeminent publisher of excellent short genre fiction. It features work acquired by a range of editors, myself included. Noting that conflict of interest, I’d say they had an extremely strong year publishing award-worthy work by Siobhan Carroll, S. L. Huang, Rivers Solomon, Jonathan Carroll, Carole Johnstone, Tegan Moore, Greg Egan, Silvia Park, and many more.

While the magazines mentioned above are the main “pro” magazines in the SF field, there is a proud tradition of magazines that are classified—because of print-run size, payment rate, or reliance on volunteer staff—as being “semi-professional,” which publish extremely high-quality fiction and are regarded as major markets. Uncanny, mentioned above, falls into this category. Venerable semiprozine Strange Horizons had a good year publishing fiction, reviews, and criticism, as well as publishing their quarterly SF-in-translation magazine, Samovar. New editor in chief Vanessa Rose Phin took over from Jane Crowley and Kate Dollarhyde in 2019, and saw the magazine publish strong work by Alex Yuschik, Shiv Ramdas, and Kathryn Harlan. Fiyah: The Magazine of Black Speculative Fiction also had a good year, if not quite as outstanding a year as it had in 2018, producing four issues under publisher Troy L. Wiggins, including one of the year’s best novellas, “While Dragons Claim the Sky” by Jen Brown, as well as strong work by Nicky Drayden and Del Sandeen. Fireside Magazine, under publisher Pablo Defendini, published fiction and poetry online that was collected in monthly and quarterly issues during the year. This included good work by L. D. Lewis, Danny Lore, Nibedita Sen, and others.

Because this is a science fiction overview, I’ll not spend much time on magazines that primarily publish fantasy, dark fantasy, or horror, but would recommend Scott Andrews’s outstanding and award-winning Beneath Ceaseless Skies (my pick for the best fantasy magazine in the field), Silvia Moreno-Garcia and Sean Wallace’s excellent The Dark, John Joseph Adams’s Nightmare, LaShawn M. Wanak’s GigaNotoSaurus, and Andy Sawyer’s The Third Alternative.

While things were fairly stable in the magazine market, there were some changes. The most significant was the closure of Apex Magazine, which has gone on an indefinite hiatus as the publisher deals with personal medical issues. Prior to closing, Apex Magazine published an Afrofuturism issue that featured outstanding work by Suyi Davies Okungbowa, Steven Barnes and Tananarive Due, and Tobias S. Buckell. Also closing were Orson Scott Card’s InterGalactic Medicine Show (which managed three issues in 2019), Science Fiction Trails, Arsenika, and Capricious, while both Omenana and Future Science Fiction Digest issued calls for financial help toward the end of the year.

All of these magazines mentioned above publish worthwhile fiction and nonfiction and deserve your support.

Given how much time I spend reading short fiction, I have to admit to having limited time to keep up with novel-length work. For that reason, I’ll restrict myself to discussing those books I actually read during the year, and to highlighting others that garnered a lot of praise. Twenty nineteen seemed to be a great year for science fiction and science fiction–adjacent novels. Probably the hottest book of the year was Tamsyn Muir’s debut, Gideon the Ninth (Tor.com), which I’ve already mentioned. It got enormous buzz and its goth sentiment seemed completely in step with the zeitgeist. I loved it. That said, the best pure quill science fiction novel of the year by some margin was Tim Maughan’s debut tale of cyberterrorism, surveillance, and Big Brother, Infinite Detail (FSG). It’s an essential book you should seek out. The zeitgeist is all very well, of course, but the core of the field continues on, changing a little, perhaps, but still there. Nothing is more central to science fiction than space opera, and there were a handful of terrific space operas published during the year, the best of which was Elizabeth Bear’s compelling and powerful Ancestral Night (Saga), though I found Max Gladstone’s Empress of Forever (Tor) to be enormous fun and loved Arkady Martine’s engaging debut, A Memory Called Empire (Tor).

Time travel is an old trope, but it got a fresh treatment in 2019, with Annalee Newitz’s fine sophomore effort, The Future of Another Timeline (Tor), taking non-binary feminists back to the past to fight a time war for women’s rights in the future, with murder, mayhem, and Bay Area punk rock thrown in as a bonus. I also thought Charlie Jane Anders delivered the goods with her second novel, The City in the Middle of the Night (Tor), a genuinely compelling novel of aliens, rebels, and smugglers set on a weirdly inhospitable planet. And Sarah Pinsker’s debut novel, A Song for a New Day (Berkley), offered a compelling look at how social changes might impact live performance that was both provocative, highly enjoyable, and very prescient.

There were some excellent series installments published during the year, with the second and third books of Tade Thompson’s Wormwood Trilogy, The Rosewater Insurrection and The Rosewater Redemption (Orbit), probably being the highlight, though I greatly enjoyed Ian McDonald’s Luna: Moon Rising (Gollancz), Alastair Reynolds’s Shadow Captain (Gollancz), C. J. Cherryh and Jane Fancher’s Alliance Rising (DAW), and the latest Expanse novel from James S. A. Corey, Tiamat’s Wrath (Orbit). There also were a number of excellent SF novels published in translation this year. The best of these—and honestly one of the top three or four SF novels of 2019—was Yōko Ogawa’s The Memory Police (Pantheon), which I unhesitatingly recommend. Also excellent were Hugo Award–winner Liu Cixin’s Supernova Era (Tor) and Chen Qiufan’s debut, Waste Tide (Tor).

Other 2019 SF novels that have gotten a lot of attention include Catfishing on CatNet, Naomi Kritzer (TorTeen); Frankissstein, Jeanette Winterson (Grove; Jonathan Cape); Golden State, Ben Winters (Mulholland); Perihelion Summer, Greg Egan (Tor.com); Rule of Capture, Christopher Brown (Harper Voyager); The Forbidden Stars, Tim Pratt (Angry Robot); The Testaments, Margaret Atwood (Nan A. Talese; Doubleday); War Girls, Tochi Onyebuchi (Razorbill); Atlas Alone, Emma Newman (Ace); Destroy All Monsters, Sam J. Miller (Harper Teen); A Boy and His Dog at the End of the World, C. A. Fletcher (Orbit); Fleet of Knives, Gareth L. Powell (Titan); The Return of the Incredible Exploding Man, Dave Hutchinson (Solaris); Edges: Inverted Frontier Book 1, Linda Nagata (Mythic Island); The Quantum Garden, Derek Künsken (Solaris); Doggerland, Ben Smith (Fourth Estate); Finder, Suzanne Palmer (DAW); Famous Men Who Never Lived, K. Chess (Tin House); Do You Dream of Terra-Two?, Temi Oh (Saga); and David Mogo, Godhunter, Suyi Davies Okungbowa (Abaddon).

With so much short fiction published every year it’s hard to imagine any year being a bad year for anthologies, and this was not that year. Instead, we had a year where we saw all of the themes and trends impacting the wider SF field—from climate change to community inclusiveness to works in translation to Afrofuturism—writ small. Before proceeding, I should mention as a disclaimer that I edited two anthologies, Mission Critical and The Best Science Fiction & Fantasy of the Year: Volume Thirteen, both of which appeared during the year. I commend them to you and move on.

With major novels in translation from Yōko Ogawa, Liu Cixin, Chen Qiufan, Yoshiki Tanaka, Baoshu, and others, and with short fiction in translation in Clarkesworld, Apex, The Dark, and other venues, this was the year of SF in translation, something reflected in the number of anthologies of SF in translation published in 2019. Probably the one with the highest profile, and one of the year’s best anthologies overall, was Ken Liu’s second anthology of Chinese fiction in translation, Broken Stars (Tor), which featured outstanding work by Han Song, Xia Jia, Baoshu, and Liu Cixin. This companion to 2016’s Invisible Planets is essential. Hachette India published two SF anthologies during the year, Tarun K. Saint’s The Gollancz Book of South Asian Science Fiction and Sukanya Venkatraghavan’s Magical Women. Both were fascinating. Saint’s anthology features Vandana Singh’s “Reunion”—one of the year’s very best stories—along with strong work by S. B. Divya, Giti Chandra, and Sumita Sharma. Happily, the publisher is making the book available in the British and North American markets. Magical Women, on the other hand, provided a critically useful look at genre fiction being written by Indian women and included interesting work by Shveta Thakrar, Nikita Deshpande, and Asma Kazi. We’re only just beginning to see translated fiction coming from South Korea, a lot of it thanks to the efforts of Sunyoung Park, Gord Sellar, and the team at Clarkesworld. Sunyoung Park and Sang Joon Park co-edited a major anthology, Readymade Bodhisattva (Kaya), which featured fine work by Kim Changgyu, Park Min-gyu, Jeong Soyeon, and others. And finally, one of my favorite anthologies of the year was Basma Ghalayini’s Palestine + 100: Stories from a Century After the Nakba from UK publisher Comma Press. A thoughtful, rich, varied collection of SF that imagined events one hundred years after the occupation of Palestine, it was a revelation featuring fine work from Saleem Haddad, Anwar Ahmed, Mazen Maarouf, and more. It’s highly recommended.

There were a handful of other strong original SF anthologies published during the year, the best of which was Victor LaValle and John Joseph Adams’s status quo–challenging A People’s Future of the United States (One World), which featured top-quality work from Charlie Jane Anders, Alice Sola Kim, Sam J. Miller, and many more. In a similar vein, also worthwhile and recommended are Cat Rambo’s If This Goes On: The Science Fiction Future of Today’s Politics (Parvus) and Jason Sizemore’s Do Not Go Quietly (Apex). After the Lavalle and Adams anthology, probably the most impressive English-language SF anthology was Dominik Parisien and Navah Wolfe’s third editorial collaboration, The Mythic Dream (Saga), which featured outstanding work by Indrapramit Das, Carmen Maria Machado, Seanan McGuire, and others. I also was impressed by Nisi Shawl’s fine New Suns: Original Speculative Fiction by People of Color (Solaris), Mahvesh Murad and Jared Shurin’s The Outcast Hours (Solaris), and Bryan Thomas Schmidt’s Infinite Stars: Dark Frontiers (Titan).

In recent years tech companies, science magazines, and think tanks have produced a variety of fiction projects, some of which featured dull, plodding work and some of which are truly outstanding. The very best of these for 2019, and one of the top original anthologies of the year of any kind, was Ann VanderMeer’s Current Futures: A Sci-Fi Ocean Anthology (XPRIZE), which featured new SF about climate change and the world’s oceans by some of the best women writers working today, including work by Vandana Singh, Nalo Hopkinson, Elizabeth Bear, and Deborah Biancotti. The project, which oddly appears to be blocked from search engines, is only available on a website here (https://go.xprize.org/oceanstories) and has my highest recommendation. The other major projects in this space for the year were Slate’s Future Tense, which featured strong work from Ken Liu, Chen Qiufan, Elizabeth Bear, and others, and the New York Times’ fascinating “Op-Eds From the Future” series, that includes short pieces from Cory Doctorow, Ted Chiang, Brooke Bolander, and Fran Wilde, among others. This year also saw publication of an anthology collecting the first year of Future Tense’s stories, Future Tense Fiction: Stories of Tomorrow edited by Kirsten Berg (The Unnamed Press).

Science fiction relishes year’s-best anthologies like this one, and last year saw the publication of my own book mentioned above as well as Gardner Dozois’s final anthology, The Very Best of the Best: 35 Years of the Year’s Best Science Fiction (St. Martin’s Griffin), Neil Clarke’s The Best Science Fiction of the Year: Volume Four (Night Shade), Rich Horton’s The Year’s Best Science Fiction & Fantasy 2019 (Prime), Carmen Maria Machado and John Joseph Adams’s The Best American Science Fiction and Fantasy 2019 (Mariner), and Bogi Takác’s Transcendent 4: The Year’s Best Transgender Speculative Fiction (Lethe), all of which are worth seeking out. Also of interest are Neil Clarke’s The Eagle Has Landed: 50 Years of Lunar Science Fiction (Night Shade) and Hannu Rajaniemi and Jacob Weisman’s The New Voices of Science Fiction (Tachyon).

Finally, although I’m not covering fantasy or horror here, I’ll note that the best fantasy or horror anthology of the year was Ellen Datlow’s massive Echoes: The Saga Anthology of Ghost Stories (Saga), which featured an impressive array of ghostly fiction from some of the best writers in the field. Also highly recommended is Ann VanderMeer and Jeff VanderMeer’s even more enormous The Big Book of Classic Fantasy (Vintage), which is essentially a college course in a book. Seek it out.

Whether 2019 is eventually seen as a good year or a poor one for short fiction, it nonetheless saw publication of no fewer than four magisterial short story collections from major writers working in their prime. Easily the most anticipated of these was Ted Chiang’s Exhalation: Stories (Knopf). Only the second collection of his work to be published in a thirty-year-long career, following 2002’s Stories of Your Life and Others (Tor), Exhalation: Stories brought together all of Chiang’s significant published works since that first collection, including classics like the title story and “The Merchant and the Alchemist’s Gate” alongside two major new stories, “Anxiety Is the Dizziness of Freedom” and “Omphalos.” At times almost giddily inspired and thought-provoking, it is essential for lovers of short fiction of any kind. Completely different and yet a not-too-distant cousin to the intellectual brilliance of Exhalation, the simply titled The Best of Greg Egan (Subterranean) collects twenty stories published across nearly thirty years and includes stone-cold classics like “Learning to Be Me,” “Reasons to Be Cheerful,” and Hugo winner “Oceanic.” Egan’s short fiction swept through the field in the 1990s like few others have done in the history of SF, and this book is an indispensable record of that. Less definitively science fictional, The Very Best of Caitlín R. Kiernan collects twenty stories published over a fourteen-year period that saw Kiernan establish herself not as science fiction writer or fantasy writer or horror writer, but simply and purely as a writer and one who on her day could deliver a tour de force in just about any genre. This book collects the fruit of many such days. Highlights include “Tidal Forces,” “Interstate Love Song (Murder Ballad No. 8),” and “The Prayer of Ninety Cats.” And then there’s a book that simply does not fit. In fairness, it belongs, but it does not fit. The late, great tale-teller R. A. Lafferty wrote science fiction, science-fictiony stuff, yarns, notions, and fantasies across a career that stretched from 1959 to his death in 2002. The Best of R. A. Lafferty (Gollancz), which again I must confess to having edited, was rightly published as part of the Gollancz Masterworks series and collects nearly two dozen of his finest stories along with assorted introductions and such. A wonderful book, and happily a North American edition is forthcoming.

While those four books stood out, they were by no means alone. I was enchanted by Sofia Rhei’s Everything is Made of Letters (Aqueduct). Translated from Spanish, it contained five science-fictional fabulations including the simply delightful “Secret Stories of Doors,” which is reprinted here. In a not-dissimilar vein, SF writer and poet Malka Older delivered her debut collection, … And Other Disasters (Mason Jar), which was playful, allusive, and captivating. Perhaps more immediately science fictional was Aliette de Bodard’s first collection, Of Wars, and Memories, and Starlight (Subterranean), which collected her Xuya universe stories in a single volume along with a major new novella “Of Birthdays, and Fungus, and Kindness,” which I would have included here, had space permitted. Yoon Ha Lee’s Hexarchate trilogy is one of the outstanding works of science fiction of the 2010s. Each volume was individually nominated for the Hugo Award, as was the series, while Ninefox Gambit was also nominated for the Nebula. This year saw the publication of Hexarchate Stories (Solaris), which collects all of the short fiction in the series alongside a new novella, “Glass Cannon.” The other standout SF collection of the year was Cory Doctorow’s rebellious and revolutionary Radicalized (Tor), which collected four new novellas, each of which were essential.

This list could continue indefinitely, but to keep things as brief as possible, I’d also recommend Contingency Plans for the Apocalypse, S. B. Divya (Hachette India); And Go Like This, John Crowley (Small Beer); Sooner or Later Everything Falls into the Sea, Sarah Pinsker (Small Beer); Snow White Learns Witchcraft, Theodora Goss (Mythic Delirium); Episodes, Christopher Priest (Gollancz); Homesick, Nino Cipri (Dzanc); Laughter at the Academy, Seanan McGuire (Subterranean); Binti: The Complete Collection, Nnedi Okorafor (DAW); A City Made of Words, Paul Park (PM); salt slow, Julia Armfield (Flatiron); Mars, Asja Bakic (The Feminist Press); The City and the Cygnets, Michael Bishop (Fairwood; Kudzu Planet); Collision, J.S. Breukelaar (Meerkat); Unforeseen, Molly Gloss (Saga); Meet Me in the Future, Kameron Hurley (Tachyon); Big Cat and Other Stories, Gwyneth Jones (NewCon); All Worlds Are Real, Susan Palwick (Fairwood); Miracles & Marvels: Stories, Tim Pratt (Merry Blacksmith); and Learning Monkey and Crocodile, Nick Wood (Luna).

As any longtime reader will tell you, science fiction publishers have been publishing novellas or short novels as stand-alone books for decades. Whether or not the old Ace Doubles met the length criteria to be novellas or not, by the 1980s these small books were fairly commonplace. And yet, even allowing for that and the view held by some readers that the novella is the ideal length for a science fiction story, it’s undeniable that they have gained unprecedented attention in the last four or five years.

Tor.com Publishing was launched by Tor Books in 2014 to publish novellas and short novels, and quickly established itself as the preeminent novella publisher in the field with runaway successes like Nnedi Okorafor’s Binti stories, Martha Wells’s Murderbot Diaries, and Seanan McGuire’s Wayward Children series. This year Tor.com produced some of the very best stories of the year, which are only omitted from this book because of length. Certainly, P. Djèlí Clark’s wonderful The Haunting of Tram Car 015 and Saad Z. Hossain’s remarkable The Gurkha and the Lord of Tuesday would be in this book if I had unlimited space, and I also happily recommend C. S. E. Cooney’s Desdemona and the Deep, Michael Blumlein’s Longer, Priya Sharma’s Ormeshadow, Katharine Duckett’s Miranda in Milan, Ian McDonald’s The Menace from Farside, and Alastair Reynolds’s Permafrost. Tor.com also published Greg Egan’s outstanding climate-change novel, Perihelion Summer, which I feel is the most approachable work of his career. Since I’m discussing novellas published as stand-alone books, I couldn’t not mention again Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone’s This Is How You Lose the Time War (Saga), which I expect to sweep all of the major awards during 2020. I also was knocked out by Rivers Solomon’s powerful The Deep (Saga), which was based upon work done with the band Clipping, and by K. J. Parker’s outstanding My Beautiful Life (Subterranean). British independent press Newcon continues to publish excellent novellas, this year including Adam Roberts’s The Man Who Would Be Kling and Dave Hutchinson’s Nomads.

I don’t read much nonfiction about the SF field. That said, four books did grab my attention and are recommended. I am more than a little tired of talking about Robert A. Heinlein and didn’t think there was much more to be said on the subject, but Farah Mendlesohn’s outstanding The Pleasant Profession of Robert A. Heinlein (Unbound) held my attention throughout as the author found new things to say about this greatest of SF writers. Gwyneth Jones’s provocative and engaging book, Joanna Russ (University of Illinois Press), stands as one of the few overviews of this critically important writer and really does belong on your bookshelf. It also stands as an urgent call for more of Russ’s work to be returned to print. Joanna Russ and Mendlesohn’s book on Heinlein are my front-runners for the Hugo, though John Crowley’s Reading Backwards: Essays and Reviews, 2005–2018 and Peter Watts’s wonderful and argumentative Peter Watts Is An Angry Sentient Tumor: Revenge Fantasies and Essays are also outstanding.

The 77th World Science Fiction Convention (aka DublinCon 2019) was held in Dublin, Ireland, August 15–19, and drew an attendance of 4,190, down a little from recent years. The 2019 Hugo Awards winners were: Best Novel, The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal; Best Novella, Artificial Condition by Martha Wells; Best Novelette, “If at First You Don’t Succeed, Try, Try Again” by Zen Cho; Best Short Story, “A Witch’s Guide to Escape: A Practical Compendium of Portal Fantasies” by Alix E. Harrow; the Lodestar Award for Best Young Adult Book, Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi; Best Related Work, Archive of Our Own; Best Art Book, The Books of Earthsea: The Complete Illustrated Edition by Ursula K. Le Guin and illustrated by Charles Vess; Best Graphic Story, Monstress Volume 3: Haven by Marjorie Liu and Sana Takeda; Best Dramatic Presentation Long Form, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse; Best Dramatic Presentation Short Form, The Good Place: Janet(s); Best Editor (Short Form), Gardner Dozois; Best Editor (Long Form), Navah Wolfe; Best Professional Artist, Charles Vess; Best Semiprozine, Uncanny Magazine; Best Fanzine, Lady Business; Best Fan Writer, Foz Meadows; Best Fan Artist, Likhain (Mia Sereno); Best Fancast, Our Opinions Are Correct by Annalee Newitz and Charlie Jane Anders; and Best Series, Wayfarers by Becky Chambers.

The 2019 Nebula Awards winners, presented in Woodland Hills, California, on May 18 were: Best Novel, The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal; Best Novella, The Tea Master and the Detective by Aliette de Bodard; Best Novelette, The Only Harmless Great Thing by Brooke Bolander; Best Short Story, “The Secret Lives of the Nine Negro Teeth of George Washington” by P. Djèlí Clark; and Best Game Writing, Black Mirror: Bandersnatch by Charlie Brooker. Also presented were the Andre Norton Award to Tomi Adeyemi for Children of Blood and Bone; and the Ray Bradbury Award to Phil Lord and Rodney Rothman for the screenplay Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse. The SFWA Damon Knight Grand Master was William Gibson.

The World Fantasy Awards, presented at the 45th World Fantasy Convention in Los Angeles October 31–November 3 were: Best Novel, Witchmark by C. L. Polk; Best Novella, “The Privilege of the Happy Ending” by Kij Johnson; Best Short Fiction (tie), “Ten Deals with the Indigo Snake” by Mel Kassel and “Like a River Loves the Sky” by Emma Törzs; Best Anthology, Worlds Seen in Passing edited by Irene Gallo; Best Collection, The Tangled Lands by Paolo Bacigalupi and Tobias S. Buckell; Best Artist, Rovina Cai; Special Award—Professional, Huw Lewis-Jones for The Writer’s Map: An Atlas of Imaginary Lands; Special Award—Non-professional, Scott H. Andrews for Beneath Ceaseless Skies. The Life Achievement recipients were Jack Zipes and Hayao Miyazaki.

The 2019 Campbell Memorial Award winner was Sam J. Miller for Blackfish City; the Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award winner was Annalee Newitz for “When Robot and Crew Saved East St. Louis”; and the 2019 Arthur C. Clarke Award winner was Rosewater by Tade Thompson. For more information on these and other awards, see the excellent Science Fiction Awards Database (www.sfadb.com).

Each year we sadly lose too many beloved creators. This year their number included: SFWA Grand Master, World Fantasy Lifetime Achievement recipient, and Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductee Gene Wolfe, who wrote the groundbreaking The Book of the New Sun, which extended to thirteen volumes, and won the World Fantasy Award four times, the Nebula Award twice, and was nominated for the Hugo Award nine times; World Fantasy Lifetime Achievement recipient Carol Emshwiller, who wrote Carmen Dog, Mister Boots, The Secret City, the Philip K. Dick Award–winning The Mount, and the World Fantasy Award–winning The Start of the End of It All and Other Stories, and was nominated for the Nebula Award four times, winning twice for her short fiction; publisher Betty Ballantine, who cofounded publishing houses Bantam Books and Ballantine Books with her late husband, Ian, and who helped to introduce mass market paperbacks to the US by establishing the US division of Penguin Books; Vonda N. McIntyre, who won Nebula Awards for “Of Mist, and Grass, and Sand,” Dreamsnake, and The Moon and the Sun, cofounded Clarion West, and received the Kevin O’Donnell Service to SFWA Award in 2010; Barry Hughart, the World Fantasy Award–winning author of Bridge of Birds, as well as the sequels The Story of the Stone and Eight Skilled Gentlemen; publisher Robert S. Friedman, who founded Rainbow Ridge Books and specialty book publisher The Donning Company; Australian author Andrew McGahan, who wrote the Ship Kings series of fantasy novellas, as well as several well-regarded stand-alone novels; two-time Campbell Award finalist Carrie Richerson, who was also nominated for the Gaylactic Spectrum Awards for her short story “Love on a Stick”; Alsatian author and artist Tomi Ungerer, who won the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1998 for contributions as a children’s illustrator; author W. E. Butterworth, better known as W. E. B. Griffin, who wrote military and detective fiction; Gillian Freeman, who wrote SF novel The Leader about fascism; Janet Asimov, who was a successful psychiatrist and wrote mysteries and SF, including several with her husband, Isaac; anthologist Hugh Lamb, who began with reprint anthology A Tide of Terror, did most of his work in the 1970s, but remained active to the end of the century; Charles Black, who edited the eleven Black Books of Horror, two of which were nominated for the British Fantasy Award; W. H. Pugmire, who wrote horror and Lovecraftian fiction; Allan Cole, who collaborated with Chris Bunch on the Sten series; Tamara Kazavchinskaya, who was editor of the Russian magazine Foreign Literature and translated works from English and Polish, including the work of Stanislaw Lem; Russian author Sergei Pavlov, who wrote Moon Rainbow and founded the Moon Rainbow Award; Walter Harris, who wrote the novels The Day I Died, Saliva, and The Fifth Horseman, as well as novelizations of Creature from the Black Lagoon and Werewolf of London; Bengali editor Adrish Bardhan, who began editing Ascharya, India’s first SF magazine, and later edited Fantastic magazine, and who received the Sudhindranath Raha Award for his work in Bengali SF; Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement recipient Dennis Etchison, whose novels include The Fog, Darkside, and California Gothic and who won multiple World Fantasy and British Fantasy Awards; Polish author and editor Maciej Parowski, who edited Nowa Fantastyka and was chief editor of Czas Fantastyki; Milan Asadurov, who founded the Galaxy imprint in Bulgaria that published works by Asimov, Bradbury, the Strugatskys, and Le Guin; J. Neil Schulman, who won the Prometheus Award for Alongside Night and The Rainbow Cadenza and who wrote The Twilight Zone episode “Profile in Silver”; Robert N. Stephenson, who was editor and publisher of Altair magazine, edited several anthologies, and whose short story “Rains of la Strange” won the 2011 Aurealis Award; two-time Prometheus Award winner Brad Linaweaver, who was the author of Moon of Ice, Anarchia, and several TV shows; Melissa C. Michaels, who began publishing fiction in 1979 and wrote five volumes in the Skyrider series, as well as other novels; SFWA Author Emeritus Katherine MacLean, whose first story appeared in 1949 and whose 1972 novella “The Missing Man” won the Nebula Award; Terrance Dicks, who wrote several episodes of Doctor Who, served as script editor on the series from 1968 to 1974, and also worked on The Avengers, Moonbase 3, and Space: 1999; Hal Colebatch, who wrote Return of Heroes, a study of heroic fantasy, contributed to the J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia, and wrote stories in Larry Niven’s Man-Kzin Wars series; John A. Pitts, who began publishing short fiction in 2006 and novels (as J. A. Pitts) beginning with Black Blade Blues in 2010; Michael Blumlein, who wrote The Movement of Mountains, X,Y, The Healer, four collections of short fiction, and who was nominated for World Fantasy, Stoker, and Tiptree Awards; World Fantasy Award for Lifetime Achievement recipient Gahan Wilson, whose cartoon work was epitomized by his mixture of horror, fantasy, and humor, and which appeared in Playboy, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, and other magazines; screenwriter D. C. Fontana, who had a long career as a scriptwriter and story editor for Star Trek and also worked on Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Babylon 5, The Six Million Dollar Man, War of the Worlds, and numerous other television series; Andrew Weiner, who immigrated to Canada from Britain and whose first novel was Station Gehenna, which was followed by Getting Near the End and Boulevard des disparus.

And that brings us to the end of the beginning. The stories await. These are interesting times in the world and in science fiction, and you can see the field urgently rising to the many challenges it faces. I’m already reading work that will appear in next year’s book and can’t wait to share it with you. For now, though, I hope you enjoy these stories as much as I have and that I’ll see you back here next year.

Perth, Western Australia

January 2020