United States

The Gerald R. Ford administration

Ford’s was essentially a caretaker government. He had no mandate and no broad political base, his party was tainted by Watergate, and he angered many when he granted Nixon an unconditional pardon on September 8, 1974. Henry Kissinger remained secretary of state and conducted foreign policy along the lines previously laid down by Nixon and himself. Ford’s principal concern was the economy, which had begun to show signs of weakness. A brief Arab oil embargo during the Yom Kippur War had led to a quadrupling of oil prices, and the oil shock produced both galloping inflation and a recession. Prices rose more than 10 percent in 1974 and unemployment reached 9.2 percent in May 1974. Ford was no more able than Nixon to deal with the combination of inflation and recession, called “stagflation,” and Congress had no remedies either. For the most part Congress and the president were at odds. Ford vetoed no fewer than 50 bills during his short term in office.

Ford, Gerald R.Gerald R. Ford being sworn in as U.S. president, August 9, 1974.Robert L. Knudsen —White House Photo/Courtesy Gerald R. Ford Library

In the election of 1976 Ford won the nomination of his party, fighting off a strong challenge by Ronald Reagan, the former governor of California. In a crowded field of contenders, the little-known ex-governor of Georgia, Jimmy Carter, won the Democratic nomination by starting early and making a virtue of his inexperience. Ford, despite Watergate and stagflation, nearly won the election, Carter receiving the smallest electoral margin since 1916.

Carter, Jimmy; Ford, GeraldJimmy Carter (left) and U.S. President Gerald Ford meeting in the first of three televised debates during the 1976 presidential campaign.AP Images