Война, которая покончила с миром. Кто и почему развязал Первую мировую - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Маргарет Макмиллан (ч. notes)

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1

Kramer, Dynamic of Destruction, 8–9.

2

New York Times, 29 сентября 1914.

3

Kramer, Dynamic of Destruction, 30.

4

Так называют обострение международных отношений, вызванное оккупацией французами марокканского города Фес в 1911 г.

5

Международный конфликт 1905–1906 гг., возникший из-за соперничества европейских держав в Марокко.

6

Lloyd George, War Memoirs, т. I, 52.

7

Все ссылки на путеводитель Хатчетта по Выставке, Paris Exposition, 1900: guide pratique du visiteur de Paris et de l'exposition, взяты из онлайн-версии на сайте http://archive.org/details/parisexposition00pari

8

The Times, 24 мая 1900.

9

New York Observer and Chronicle, 25 октября 1900.

10

The Times, 18 апреля 1900.

11

Lieven, The Aristocracy in Europe, 1815–1914, 7.

12

Zweig, The World of Yesterday, 215.

13

Addison and O'Grady, Diary of a European Tour, 1900, 30.

14

Zweig, The World of Yesterday, 26.

15

Dowler, Russia in 1913, глава 1, везде.

16

Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, глава 4, везде.

17

Tylor, Primitive Culture, 2.

18

Blom, The Vertigo Years, 8.

19

New York Observer and Chronicle, 27 декабря 1900.

20

New York Observer and Chronicle, 11 октября 1900.

21

Тернер Фредерик Джексон (1861–1932) – американский историк и публицист, сторонник дальнейшей экспансии США на мировой арене.

22

Herring, From Colony to Superpower, 345.

23

Cronin, Paris on the Eve, 37.

24

Zweig, The World of Yesterday, 216.

25

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 230–31.

26

Blom, The Vertigo Years, 265–8.

27

New York Observer and Chronicle, 18 октября 1900.

28

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 81.

29

Hewitson, «Germany and France», 580.

30

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 243–4.

31

Cronin, Paris on the Eve, 36.

32

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 243.

33

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 136; New York Observer and Chronicle, 1 ноября 1900.

34

Ridley, Bertie, 338.

35

New York Times, 24 июня 1897; Spectator, 26 июня 1897.

36

RA VIC/ MAIN/QVJ (W) 22 июня 1897 (экземпляры принцессы Беатрис).

37

Massie, Dreadnought, XVIII.

38

Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 200, 74.

39

Massie, Dreadnought, XX.

40

Roberts, Salisbury, 664–5; Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 184–5; Massie, Dreadnought, XVIII–XX.

41

Kipling and Pinney, The Letters of Rudyard Kipling, т. II, 303.

42

Massie, Dreadnought, XXX; Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 191–2; Roberts, Salisbury, 661.

43

Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy, 9–11; Lieven, The Aristocracy in Europe, 1815–1914, 205; Cecil, Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, 159.

44

Roberts, Salisbury, 8–12, 28.

45

Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 9.

46

Roberts, Salisbury, 714–15; Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 6.

47

Cecil, Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, 176.

48

Roberts, Salisbury, 111.

49

Cecil, Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, 3–4, 6, 8.

50

Gilmour, Curzon, 125.

51

Massie, Dreadnought, 195.

52

Roberts, Salisbury, 6.

53

Король прибег к игре слов. В английском языке используются два слова со значением «маркиз». Одно из них прямо заимствовано из французского (marquis), а другое «англифицировано» (marquess).

54

Там же, 34.

55

Bánffy, They Were Divided, Kindle version, loc. 6086.

56

Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy, 36–9.

57

Hamilton, Parliamentary Reminiscences and Reflections, 1886–1906, 253.

58

Roberts, Salisbury, 624, 651.

59

Там же, 626.

60

Там же, 65.

61

Там же, 647; Gilmour, Curzon, 125.

62

Cecil, Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, 247.

63

Roberts, Salisbury, 44.

64

Там же, 46–50.

65

Там же, 628.

66

Howard, «The Policy of Isolation», 82.

67

Cecil, Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, 90.

68

Там же.

69

Howard, «The Policy of Isolation», 81.

70

Там же, 79–80.

71

Beesly, Queen Elizabeth, 107.

72

Chichele Professor – специальное профессорское звание оксфордского колледжа Всех Душ, учрежденное в честь архиепископа Генри Чичела – основателя этого колледжа. (Примеч. ред.)

73

Burrows, The History of the Foreign Policy of Great Britain, 34; Otte, «Almost a Law of Nature?», 75–6.

74

Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 179.

75

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 19.

76

Перевод О. Юрьева.

77

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 229.

78

Roberts, Salisbury, 495–6.

79

Там же, 692.

80

Там же, 615–16; Herring, From Colony to Superpower, 307–8.

81

Проконсулом, или генеральным консулом, назывался глава британской администрации Египта в период английского контроля над ним.

82

Cecil, Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, 3, 218.

83

Gilmour, Curzon, 128.

84

Mansergh, The Commonwealth Experience, т. II, 27.

85

Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 46–7.

86

Там же, 56.

87

Spender, The Public Life, 81.

88

Гомруль – движение за автономию Ирландии, а также название пакета реформ, расширявших возможности самоуправления этой страны.

89

Massie, Dreadnought, 233–9.

90

Spender, The Public Life, 89.

91

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 230– 32.

92

Roberts, Salisbury, 748.

93

Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 396.

94

Neilson, «The Anglo-Japanese Alliance», 52.

95

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 230–31; Roberts, Salisbury, 745.

96

Bond, The Victorian Army and the Staff College, 191.

97

На самом деле имеется в виду, конечно, не Тяньцзинь (Tianjin), а Циндао (Qingdao).

98

Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in // Europe, 376.

99

Там же, 395.

100

Massie, Dreadnought, 306.

101

Neilson, «The Anglo-Japanese Alliance», 49.

102

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 29.

103

Massie, Dreadnought, 308; Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 235–6; Eckardstein and Young, Ten Years at the Court of St. James, 227.

104

Nish, «Origins of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance», 12.

105

Морская лига – существовавшая в те годы общественная организация, выступавшая за всемерное усиление военно-морского флота Великобритании.

106

Там же, 13.

107

Собственно князем (сяку) Ито Хиробуми стал лишь в 1907 г. В 1901 г. он был еще маркизом (косяку).

108

The Times, 4 января 1902.

109

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 240.

110

Екклесиаст, 10: 16.

111

Benson and Esher, Letters: A Selection from Her Majesty's Correspondence, т. III, 414.

112

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 119.

113

Там же, 104.

114

The Times, 4 января 1896.

115

Roberts, Salisbury, 624.

116

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 195.

117

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 21.

118

Там же, 195.

119

Kennedy, «German World Policy», 614.

120

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 234.

121

Massie, Dreadnought, 358.

122

Там же, 259.

123

Kröger, «Imperial Germany and the Boer War», 38.

124

Имеется в виду Хлодвиг Карл Виктор цу Гогенлоэ-Шиллингсфюрст (1819–1901). У автора почему-то Готфрид фон Гогенлоэ, но это не может быть он, так как этот жил в 1265–1309 гг.

125

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 222–3.

126

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 246–7.

127

Там же, глава 14.

128

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 22.

129

Eckardstein and Young, Ten Years at the Court of St. James, 112.

130

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 238.

131

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 231.

132

Carter, The Three Emperors, 267–71; The Times, 6 февраля 1901.

133

Lerchenfeld-Koefering, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 65, 58, 34.

134

Beyens, Germany before the War, 14–15.

135

Там же, 14.

136

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 82, 138–9.

137

Hopman, Das ereignisreiche Leben, 125.

138

Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 17.

139

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 162.

140

Lerchenfeld-Koefering, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 11.

141

Zedlitz-Trüt-zschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 58–9.

142

Hopman, Das ereignisreiche Leben, 140.

143

Epkenhans, «Wilhelm II and «His» Navy», 12.

144

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 143, 142.

145

Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 212.

146

Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 36.

147

Lerchenfeld-Koefering, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 33.

148

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 82, 139, 148; Röhl, The Kaiser and His Court, 15–16.

149

Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 69.

150

Röhl, The Kaiser and His Court, 15–16; Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 148.

151

Beyens, Germany before the War, 58–9.

152

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 199.

153

Röhl, The Kaiser and His Court, 13.

154

Wilhelm II, Reden des Kaisers, 32–3.

155

Lerchenfeld-Koefering, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 19.

156

Wilhelm II, Reden des Kaisers, 44.

157

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 226–7.

158

Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 15–16.

159

Schoen, Memoirs of an Ambassador, 138.

160

Röhl, The Kaiser and His Court, 23–4.

161

Ibid., 25–6; Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 73–4.

162

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 75–6.

163

Clark, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1–2, 16–18.

164

Carter, The Three Emperors, 22.

165

Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 233.

166

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 22.

167

См., например, Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 184, 235, 272.

168

Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, глава 2; Clark, Iron Kingdom, 558–62.

169

Wilhelm II, Reden des Kaisers, 51.

170

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 126.

171

Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 31–3.

172

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 23.

173

Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 37–8, 67; Clark, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 120.

174

Fesser, Reichskanzler Fürst von Bülow, 46–7.

175

Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 93.

176

Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 233.

177

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 119.

178

Wilhelm II, Reden des Kaisers, 56.

179

Holstein et al., The Holstein Papers, 175.

180

Clark, Iron Kingdom, 564.

181

Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, 228; Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 211–12.

182

Lerchenfeld-Koefering, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 23.

183

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 17.

184

Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 31.

185

Langsam, «Nationalism and History», 242–3.

186

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 18.

187

Epkenhans, «Wilhelm II and «His» Navy», 15.

188

Там же, 16.

189

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 232.

190

Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, 244–5.

191

Там же, 246.

192

Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 282.

193

Lerman, The Chancellor as Courtier, 1.

194

Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 281–2.

195

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 201.

196

Lerman, The Chancellor as Courtier, 86–90.

197

Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 283.

198

Berghahn, «War Preparations and National Identity», 315.

199

Kennedy, «German World Policy», 617.

200

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 226.

201

Там же, 235.

202

Massie, Dreadnought, 126.

203

Eckardstein and Young, Ten Years at the Court of St. James, 33.

204

Massie, Dreadnought, 129–30; Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 294–5.

205

Massie, Dreadnought, 124; Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, 127.

206

Hewitson, Germany and the Causes, 146–7.

207

Там же, 147.

208

Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, 249.

209

Winzen, «Prince Bulow's Weltmachtpolitik», 227–8.

210

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. III, 100.

211

Winzen, «Treitschke's Influence», 155.

212

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 51.

213

Epkenhans, «Wilhelm II and «His» Navy», 17.

214

Winzen, «Treitschke's Influence», 160–61.

215

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 4.

216

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 209.

217

Epkenhans, «Wilhelm II and «His» Navy», 13.

218

Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre, 110.

219

Kennedy, «German World Policy», 622.

220

McMeekin, The Berlin – Baghdad Express, 14.

221

Виргинские острова. Ныне – территория США.

222

Cecil, Albert Ballin, 152–3.

223

Winzen, «Treitschke's Influence», 159.

224

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 241.

225

Этот «современник» – Джон Джервис, 1-й граф Сент-Винсент – тоже британский адмирал.

226

Carter, The Three Emperors, 105.

227

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 140.

228

Там же, 84.

229

Pless and Chapman-Huston, Daisy, Princess of Pless, 263–4.

230

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 180.

231

Eckardstein and Young, Ten Years at the Court of St. James, 55.

232

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 265.

233

Massie, Dreadnought, 106. 49. Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 296.

234

Там же, 265.

235

Roberts, Salisbury, 485–6.

236

Massie, Dreadnought, 107.

237

Clark, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 184.

238

Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 131–4.

239

Там же, 132.

240

Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 28.

241

Автором понятия считается живший в XVII в. адмирал Артур Герберт, 1-й граф Торрингтон.

242

Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 205–6.

243

Clark, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 184.

244

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 36–7.

245

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 345.

246

Там же, loc. 375–6.

247

Там же, loc. 391–5.

248

Beyens, Germany before the War, 129.

249

Massie, Dreadnought, 165.

250

Steinberg, Yesterday's Deterrent, 69.

251

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 93–4.

252

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 203.

253

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 383–7.

254

Там же, loc. 427–31.

255

Herwig, «From Tirpitz Plan to Schlieffen Plan», 53–5.

256

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 592–5; Lambi, The Navy and German Power Politics, 147.

257

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 239.

258

Steinberg, «The Copenhagen Complex», везде.

259

Tirpitz, Politische Dokumente, т. I, 1.

260

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 35.

261

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 598–601.

262

Там же, loc. 438–43, 465–77; Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 35; Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 37–43.

263

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 479–83.

264

Там же, loc. 529–48.

265

Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 183–4.

266

Kennedy, «German World Policy», 620.

267

Fesser, Der Traum vom Platz, 184.

268

The Times, 16 August 1902.

269

Williams, «Made in Germany», 10.

270

Там же, 11.

271

Geppert, «The Public Challenge to Diplomacy», 134.

272

Там же, 143–4.

273

Thompson, Northcliffe, 45.

274

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 178–81.

275

Roberts, Salisbury, 666.

276

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 247.

277

Там же, 237.

278

Там же, 248.

279

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 33.

280

Rüger, The Great Naval Game, 12, 98.

281

Rüger, «Nation, Empire and Navy», 162.

282

Offer, The First World War, 82.

283

French, «The Edwardian Crisis and the Origins of the First World War», 208–9.

284

Thompson, Northcliffe, 296.

285

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 416.

286

Offer, The First World War, 222.

287

Там же, 223–4.

288

Там же, глава 15.

289

«Двенадцать дней Рождества» – английская народная песня с перечислением разнообразных подарков, причем в список также входят лорды и леди.

290

French, «The Edwardian Crisis and the Origins of the First World War», 211–12.

291

Thompson, Northcliffe, 134.

292

O'Brien, «The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism, 1846–1914», 187.

293

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 11.

294

Roberts, Salisbury, 109.

295

Gardiner, Pillars of Society, 53.

296

Massie, Dreadnought, 404.

297

Gardiner, Pillars of Society, 54.

298

В отличие от первого лорда адмиралтейства эта должность подразумевает оперативное командование силами флота и на нее назначаются не политики, а профессиональные военные моряки.

299

Там же, 56.

300

Massie, Dreadnought, 408.

301

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 14.

302

Gardiner, Pillars of Society, 57.

303

Там же, 57.

304

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 15.

305

Там же, 18.

306

Gardiner, Pillars of Society, 55–6.

307

Massie, Dreadnought, 410.

308

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 7–9.

309

Там же, 33.

310

Там же, 36.

311

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 55.

312

Там же, 54–5.

313

Massie, Dreadnought, 485.

314

Herwig, «The German Reaction to the Dreadnought Revolution», 276.

315

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 107.

316

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 50.

317

O'Brien, «The Titan Refreshed», 153–6.

318

Rüger, «Nation, Empire and Navy», 174.

319

Gordon, «The Admiralty and Dominion Navies, 1902–1914», 409–10.

320

O'Brien, «The Titan Refreshed», 150. 52. Там же, 159.

321

Steiner, «The Last Years», 77.

322

Там же, 76, 85.

323

Имеется в виду император Фридрих III, отец Вильгельма II, который был болен раком и правил всего несколько месяцев.

324

Otte, «Eyre Crowe and British Foreign Policy», 27.

325

BD, т. III, Appendix, 397–420, 417.

326

Там же, 403–4.

327

Там же, 415–16.

328

Там же, 419.

329

Stevenson, Armaments, 101.

330

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 695–9.

331

Herwig, «The German Reaction to the Dreadnought Revolution», 278.

332

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 831–5.

333

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 8–9.

334

Там же, 62.

335

Herwig, «The German Reaction to the Dreadnought Revolution», 279.

336

Там же, 281.

337

Steinberg, «The Copenhagen Complex», 38.

338

Steinberg, «The Novelle of 1908», 28.

339

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 112–13.

340

Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, 57–8.

341

Herwig, «Luxury» Fleet, 62; Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 764–7.

342

Massie, Dreadnought, 701.

343

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 813–17.

344

Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre, 298n76.

345

Steinberg, «The Novelle of 1908», 26, 36.

346

Там же, 39.

347

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 749–56.

348

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 140–42.

349

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 758–61.

350

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. I, 357.

351

Thompson, Northcliffe, 153.

352

Одна из «чиновничьих» должностей в британском правительстве. Ее занимает не член парламента, а специалист-администратор.

353

Действительно, он был произведен в почетные адмиралы королевой Викторией.

354

Имеется в виду племянник знаменитого Гельмута фон Мольтке – Мольтке-младший.

355

BD, т. VI, 117, 184–90; Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. I, 358–60.

356

Steinberg, «The Novelle of 1908», 41–2.

357

Hopman, Das ereignisreiche Leben, 152.

358

Otte, «An Altogetherby, The Road to Verdun, 169. Unfortunate Affair», 297–301.

359

Там же, 301–2.

360

Там же, 305–7, 314.

361

Clark, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 239–40.

362

Otte, «An Altogether Unfortunate Affair», 329.

363

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 291.

364

Einem, Erinnerungen eines Soldaten, 122.

365

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 7.

366

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 156.

367

Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy, 48–9; Grigg, Lloyd George, 203–8, 223.

368

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 423.

369

Мухаммед Ахмед ибн ас-Саййид абд-Аллах – суданский религиозный лидер, провозгласивший себя Махди, то есть «Мессией», и организовавший в стране восстание против египетского и британского правительств.

370

Eubank, «The Fashoda Crisis Re-examined», 145–8.

371

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 45.

372

Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 428–9; Roberts, Salisbury, 702; Eubank, «The Fashoda Crisis Re-examined», 146–7.

373

Tombs, 126.

374

Thompson, Northcliffe, 55–7.

375

Roberts, Salisbury, 706–8.

376

Mayne et al., Cross Channel Currents, 5.

377

BD, т. I, 300, 242.

378

Mayne et al., Cross Channel Currents, 5.

379

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 234.

380

Eckardstein and Young, Ten Years at the Court of St. James, 228.

381

Rich, The Tsar's Colonels, 88.

382

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 105–6.

383

Ousby, The Road to Verdun, 168–9.

384

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 106.

385

Joly, «La France et la Revanche», везде.

386

Porch, The March to the Marne, 55.

387

Ous

388

Там же, 122–4.

389

Barclay, Thirty Years, 135.

390

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 121–4.

391

Ousby, The Road to Verdun, 120.

392

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 28–40; Keiger, France and the Origins, 25– 9.

393

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 38–9.

394

Porch, The March to the Marne, 83, 218–21, 250–52 и везде.

395

Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 426.

396

Там же, 426–7.

397

Barclay, Thirty Years, 140–41.

398

Lincoln, In War's Dark Shadow, 17.

399

Keiger, France and the Origins, 11–12; Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 353–4.

400

Sanborn, «Education for War and Peace», 213–14.

401

BD, т. II, 35, 285–8.

402

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 1–10.

403

Hayne, «The Quai d'Orsay», 430.

404

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 67.

405

Там же, 90.

406

Там же, 18–19.

407

Там же, 54.

408

Там же, 24, 91.

409

Там же, 191.

410

Monger, The End of Isolation, 104–5.

411

Andrew, Théo phile Delcassé, 190, 196–7.

412

Там же, 181.

413

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 109.

414

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 65.

415

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 103.

416

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 95.

417

Там же, 209.

418

Там же, 65, 68; Hayne, French Foreign Office, 103.

419

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 186–7.

420

Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 86.

421

Там же, 84.

422

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 186.

423

Monger, The End of Isolation, 772.

424

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 207–8.

425

Cronin, Paris on the Eve, 63; Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 439–41; Mayne et al., Cross Channel Currents, 14–16.

426

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 209.

427

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 94.

428

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 212–14; Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 10–13.

429

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 87.

430

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 27; Weinroth, «The British Radicals», 657–8.

431

Clark, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 192.

432

Fischer, War of Illusions, 52–4.

433

Sharp, Anglo-French Relations, 18.

434

Lloyd George, War Memoirs, т. I, 3.

435

Scarborough Evening News, 24 октября 1904.

436

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 255–8.

437

По местному времени было уже 9 февраля.

438

По другим данным, потери русского флота составили 5045 человек убитыми, 803 ранеными и 6016 пленными. Японцы же потеряли 117 человек убитыми и 538 ранеными.

439

Herring, From Colony to Superpower, 360–61.

440

McDonald, United Government, 70–71.

441

Kleǐnmikhel», Memories of a Shipwrecked World, 176.

442

Lincoln, In War's Dark Shadow, 224.

443

McDonald, United Government, 71; Lincoln, In War's Dark Shadow, 225.

444

McDonald, United Government, 71, 73.

445

Lieven, Nicholas II, 144.

446

Figes, A People's Tragedy, 179–86.

447

Lieven, Nicholas II, 149.

448

Airapetov, Generalui, 12.

449

Figes, A People's Tragedy, 16.

450

Совершенно достоверных подтверждений этому нет, личный врач Александра III и после революции отрицал пристрастие царя к спиртному.

451

Lieven, Nicholas II, 39.

452

McDonald, United Government, 16n39.

453

Там же, 16.

454

Izvol'skiǐ and Seeger, The Memoirs of Alexander Iswolsky, 270n.

455

Carter, The Three Emperors, 64–71; Lieven, Nicholas II, 40–42, 58–9, 166– 7.

456

Carter, The Three Emperors, 69.

457

Steinberg, All the Tsar's Men, 29–31. 21. Там же, 30.

458

Lincoln, In War's Dark Shadow, 33.

459

Lieven, Nicholas II, 42.

460

Neklyudov, Diplomatic Reminiscences, 4.

461

McDonald, United Government, 65–6.

462

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 70.

463

Carter, The Three Emperors, 225.

464

Lieven, Nicholas II, 64.

465

Там же, 71.

466

Там же, 141.

467

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 62.

468

Lieven, Nicholas II, 102.

469

McDonald, United Government, 70.

470

Там же, 70.

471

Там же, 73 и главы 2 и 3.

472

Там же, 40–41.

473

Radziwill, Behind the Veil, 226.

474

Lieven, Nicholas II, 65–6.

475

Kleǐnmikhel», Memories of a Shipwrecked World, 211–12.

476

Radziwill, Behind the Veil, 230.

477

Lieven, Nicholas II, 227.

478

Там же, 55n8.

479

Carter, The Three Emperors, 221.

480

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 55.

481

Lieven, Nicholas II, 149; Figes, A People's Tragedy, 191.

482

Radziwill, Behind the Veil, 357; Lincoln, In War's Dark Shadow, 343.

483

Figes, A People's Tragedy, 230; Radziwill, Behind the Veil, 361.

484

Lieven, Russia and the Origins, 23–4.

485

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 415.

486

Szamuely, The Russian Tradition, 19.

487

Процитировано в Robert Chandler, «Searching for a Saviour», Spectator (London), 31 марта 2012.

488

Kennan, Siberia and the Exile System, 55.

489

Dowler, Russia in 1913, 198.

490

Vinogradov, «1914 God: Быть или не быть войне?», 162.

491

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 378.

492

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 86 и гл. 3.

493

Weinroth, «The British Radicals», 665–70.

494

Gilmour, Curzon, 201.

495

Именно главнокомандующим, а не начальником штаба, как в тексте.

496

Hinsley, British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, 135–6.

497

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 364–5; Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 113–15.

498

Jusserand, What Me Befell, 203.

499

Lieven, Russia and the Origins, 6.

500

Stevenson, Armaments, 53.

501

Lieven, «Pro-Germans and Russian Foreign Policy», 38.

502

Airapetov, Generalui, 10–11.

503

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 379–82.

504

Там же, 404.

505

Lieven, «Pro-Germans and Russian Foreign Policy», 41–2.

506

Spring, «Russia and the Franco-Russian Alliance», везде.

507

Там же, 569.

508

Soroka, «Debating Russia's Choice», 14.

509

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 33.

510

Taube, La Politique russe d'avant-guerre, 15.

511

Там же, 43.

512

Soroka, «Debating Russia's Choice», 11.

513

Там же, 4.

514

Carter, The Three Emperors, 138.

515

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 159.

516

Lieven, «Pro-Germans and Russian Foreign Policy», 43–5.

517

Levine and Grant, The Kaiser's Letters to the Tsar, 118, 120.

518

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 250–52.

519

Carter, The Three Emperors, 130.

520

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 14.

521

На деле их по его инструкциям рисовали профессиональные художники.

522

Carter, The Three Emperors, 185; Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 146.

523

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 248.

524

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 159–60; Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 152–3; McDonald, United Government and Foreign Policy in Russia, 78–9.

525

Levine and Grant, The Kaiser's Letters to the Tsar, 191–4.

526

Lerman, The Chancellor as Courtier, 128– 30.

527

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. I, 161.

528

Hopman, Das ereignisreiche Leben, 144.

529

Lieven, Nicholas II, 192.

530

BD, т. IV, 205, 219–20.

531

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 102–3.

532

Taube, La Politique russe d'avantguerre, 90.

533

Там же, 101.

534

Soroka, «Debating Russia's Choice», 15.

535

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 49.

536

Csáky, Vom Geachteten zum Geächteten, 67.

537

В оригинале: «Je l'ai regretté tous les jours, mais je m'en félicité toutes les nuits». Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 325.

538

Radziwill, Behind the Veil, 380.

539

Taube, La Politique russe d'avant-guerre, 105.

540

BD, т. IV, 219, 235–6.

541

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 416.

542

Soroka, «Debating Russia's Choice», 3.

543

Так называлось протекавшее в конце XIX в. противостояние российской и британской агентуры в Центральной Азии.

544

Taube, La Politique russe d'avantguerre, 103. 106. Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 183–5. 107. Hinsley, British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, 158.

545

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 352.

546

Menning and Menning, ««Baseless Allegations»», 373.

547

Grey, Twenty-five Years, т. I, 154.

548

Spring, «Russia and the Franco-Russian Alliance», 584.

549

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 189.

550

Geiss, «Deutschland und Österreich-Ungarn», 386.

551

Angelow, «Der Zweibund zwischen Politischer», 58; Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 107.

552

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 367.

553

Там же, 362.

554

Stevenson, Armaments, 4.

555

Stone, Europe Transformed, 315.

556

Франц-Карл, как утверждают, получил прозвище Добрый лишь потому, что никто не мог придумать ничего еще. (Примеч. авт.)

557

Речь об австрийских Габсбургах. Испанские пренебрегали этой опасностью и полностью вымерли к концу XVII столетия, что привело к так называемой Войне за испанское наследство. (Примеч. пер.)

558

Redlich, Emperor Francis Joseph, 40.

559

Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs, 23.

560

Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 26–7.

561

Там же, 50.

562

Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs, 230–31.

563

Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 35–50; Redlich, Emperor Francis Joseph, 17–18, 188.

564

Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs, 172.

565

Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 45–6.

566

Там же, 52.

567

Она прожила до 86 лет, но так и не узнала о судьбе своего мужа. (Примеч. пер.)

568

Теории эти включали в себя версии с политическим убийством и даже с неудачным абортом. (Примеч. пер.)

569

Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs, 265.

570

Там же.

571

RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ (W) 4 августа 1874 (экземпляры принцессы Беатрис).

572

Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 48.

573

Leslie, «The Antecedents», 309–10; Williamson, «Influence, Power, and the Policy Process», 419.

574

Lukacs, Budapest 1900, 49–50, 108–12.

575

Deák, Beyond Nationalism, 69.

576

Vermes, Istv'an Tisza, 102.

577

Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 61.

578

Steed, Through Thirty Years, т. I, 196.

579

Wank, «Pessimism in the Austrian Establishment», 299.

580

Там же; Johnston, The Austrian Mind, 47.

581

Boyer, «The End of an Old Regime», 177–9; Stone, Europe Transformed, 304; Johnston, The Austrian Mind, 48; Urbas, Schicksale und Schatten, 77; Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 254.

582

Boyer, «The End of an Old Regime», 174–7; Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs, 291; Stone, Europe Transformed, 316; Stevenson, Armaments, 4; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 44–6.

583

Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs, 293.

584

Czernin, In the World War, 46; Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 746; Steed, Through Thirty Years, 367; Wank, «The Archduke and Aehrenthal», 86.

585

Там же.

586

Steed, Through Thirty Years, т. I, 367; Bridge, The Habsburg Monarchy, 7.

587

Czernin, In the World War, 48.

588

Там же, 50; Afflerbach, Der Dreibund, 596–7.

589

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 389.

590

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 179–80.

591

Bridge, «Tarde Venientibus Ossa», везде.

592

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 82–4; Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre, 229.

593

Берлиц Максимилиан Дельфиниус (1852–1921) – лингвист и педагог, разработчик популярной методики обучения иностранным языкам и основатель международной системы школ, использующих эту методику.

594

Hoetzendorf, Mein Leben mit Conrad von Hötzendorf, 174–5.

595

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 73–4.

596

Hoetzendorf, Mein Leben mit Conrad von Hötzendorf, 66; Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 89, 104.

597

Hoetzendorf, Mein Leben mit Conrad von Hötzendorf, 30.

598

Там же, 210.

599

Там же, 31; Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 111; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 49–50.

600

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 440.

601

Там же, 267.

602

Bosworth, Italy and the Approach, 55–7.

603

Herwig, «Disjointed Allies», 271; Angelow, «Der Zweibund zwischen Politischer», 34; Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 220–28; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 36.

604

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 254–5, 427–8; Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 127, 228.

605

Musulin, Das Haus am Ballplatz, 80; Stevenson, Armaments, 38–9; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 114.

606

Bridge, «Austria-Hungary and the Boer War», 79.

607

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 260; Steiner, The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 182–3; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 112.

608

Wank, «Foreign Policy and the Nationality Problem in Austria-Hungary», 45.

609

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 232–4; Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 212–13.

610

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, XXI.

611

Schorske, Fin-de-siucle Vienna, 213– 19.

612

Там же, 346–8.

613

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 230.

614

Lukacs, Budapest 1900, 129–32.

615

Offer, The First World War, 121–7.

616

Там же, 128.

617

Wank, «The Archduke and Aehrenthal», 83n33.

618

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 84–5.

619

Förster, «Der deutschen Generalstab», 95.

620

Offer, The First World War, 129.

621

Deák, Beyond Nationalism, 128–9, 134–6.

622

Lukacs, Budapest 1900, 184n.

623

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 218–20.

624

Offer, «Going to War in 1914», 217.

625

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 33.

626

Lieven, Russia and the Origins, 22.

627

Neklyudov, Diplomatic Reminiscences, 5.

628

Bernhardi, Germany and the Next War, 28.

629

Offer, «Going to War in 1914», 216.

630

Rathenau, Briefe, 147.

631

Rathenau and von Strandmann, Walther Rathenau, 142– 3.

632

Stromberg, «The Intellectuals», 115, 119.

633

Tanner, Nietzsche, 4 и везде.

634

Blom, The Vertigo Years, 354.

635

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 128.

636

Cronin, Paris on the Eve, 43–6.

637

Там же, 47.

638

Wohl, The Generation of 1914, 6–7.

639

Blom, The Vertigo Years, гл. 8.

640

Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 88–97.

641

Там же, 106.

642

De Burgh, Elizabeth, 326–7.

643

Butterworth, The World that Never Was, 323.

644

Barclay, Thirty Years, 142.

645

Gooch, «Attitudes to War, 95. 24–7.

646

Hynes, The Edwardian Turn of Mind, 26–7.

647

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 224.

648

Там же, 12.

649

Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 32; Blom, The Vertigo Years, 184–5.

650

Travers, «Technology, Tactics, and Morale», 279.

651

Miller et al., Military Strategy, 14n28.

652

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 171.

653

Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 133–5.

654

Hynes, The Edwardian Turn of Mind, 201.

655

Там же, 199.

656

Gildea, Barricades and Borders, 268–7.

657

Ousby, The Road to Verdun, 155–6.

658

Bourdon, The German Enigma, 170.

659

Hynes, The Edwardian Turn of Mind, 286–7.

660

Blom, The Vertigo Years, 334 и гл. 13.

661

Leslie, «The Antecedents», 312.

662

Я благодарен бригадному генералу Дэвиду Годсалу за разрешение процитировать этот отрывок из неопубликованного дневника капитана Уилмота Колфилда.

663

Gooch, «Attitudes to War», 94.

664

Bernhardi, Germany and the Next War, 26.

665

Joll and Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 276–7.

666

Lukacs, Budapest 1900, 130–32.

667

Schorske, Fin-de-Siucle Vienna, 133–46.

668

Bernhardi, Germany and the Next War, 57–8.

669

Berghahn, «War Preparations and National Identity», 311ff.

670

Nolan, The Inverted Mirror, 25.

671

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 165.

672

Hewitson, Germany and the Causes, 92.

673

Eby, The Road to Armageddon, 6.

674

Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 280– 81.

675

Cannadine et al., The Right Kind of History, 19–20, 23–4.

676

Langsam, «Nationalism and History», 250–51.

677

Joll and Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 274–5.

678

Bernhardi, Germany and the Next War, 57.

679

Там же, 20.

680

Berghahn, «War Preparations and National Identity», 316.

681

Cannadine et al., The Right Kind of History, 53.

682

Roberts, Salisbury, 799.

683

Kennedy, «German World Policy», 616–18.

684

Fischer, «The Foreign Policy of Imperial Germany», 26.

685

Joll, 1914, 18.

686

Hewitson, Germany and the Causes, 95.

687

Thompson, Northcliffe, 155–6.

688

Steiner, «The Last Years», 76.

689

Ousby, The Road to Verdun, 154–6.

690

Hewitson, «Germany and France», 574–5, 580– 81.

691

Nolan, The Inverted Mirror, 56.

692

Herwig, The Marne, 32–3.

693

Nolan, The Inverted Mirror, 30.

694

Bourdon, The German Enigma, 163–4.

695

Nolan, The Inverted Mirror, 58.

696

Там же, 61.

697

Gooch, «Attitudes to War», 96.

698

Förster, «Facing «People's War»», 223–4.

699

Ritter, The Sword and the Scepter, 102.

700

Joll, The Second International, 196.

701

Stevenson, Armaments, 38.

702

Ferguson, The Pity of War, 31–3.

703

Förster, «Im Reich des Absurden», 213–14; Feldman, «Hugo Stinnes», 84–5.

704

Steed, Through Thirty Years, 359.

705

Lieven, Russia and the Origins, 16–17; Bushnell, «The Tsarist Officer Corps», passim.

706

Airapetov, Последняя война императорской России, 44–58.

707

Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre, 102–3.

708

Bourdon, The German Enigma, 207.

709

Eby, The Road to Armageddon, 4.

710

Howard, «Men Against Fire», 17.

711

Перевод Владимира Кормана.

712

Rohkrämer, «Heroes and Would-be Heroes», 192–3.

713

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 169.

714

Hynes, The Edwardian Turn of Mind, 28–9.

715

Linton, «Preparing German Youth for War», 177–8.

716

Там же, 167.

717

Там же, 180–83.

718

Weber, France: Fin de Siucle, 215–17; Porch, The March to the Marne, 207–10.

719

Porch, The March to the Marne, 92–3.

720

Там же, гл. 5, 106–7; Harris, The Man on Devil's Island, 365–6.

721

Porch, The March to the Marne, гл. 7.

722

Там же, 189.

723

Clark, Iron Kingdom, 596–9.

724

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 333.

725

Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, 174–8.

726

Gooch, «Attitudes to War», 97.

727

Rohkrämer, «Heroes and Wouldbe Heroes», 199–203.

728

Stromberg, «The Intellectuals», 109.

729

Urbas, Schicksale und Schatten, 67–8.

730

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 581.

731

Stromberg, «The Intellectuals», 117–18n37.

732

Там же, 120; Weber, The Nationalist Revival in France, 108–9.

733

Laurence, «Bertha von Suttner», 184–5.

734

Там же, 196.

735

Blom, The Vertigo Years, 192.

736

Laurence, «Bertha von Suttner», 186–7; Joll and Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 260–61; LaFeber, The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations, 43.

737

Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 293.

738

Rotte, «Global Warfare», 483–5.

739

Bloch, The Future of War, ХХХ.

740

Там же, LXXI.

741

Там же, IX.

742

Там же, XIX.

743

Travers, «Technology, Tactics, and Morale», 266.

744

Bloch, The Future of War, XVI.

745

Там же, XI.

746

Dungen, «Preventing Catastrophe», 456–7.

747

Ceadel, Living the Great Illusion, 4, 20–21.

748

Angell, The Great Illusion, Kindle version, loc. 4285.

749

Там же, loc. 947–9.

750

Там же, loc. 633–4.

751

Там же, loc. 1149.

752

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 142; Ceadel, Living the Great Illusion, 8–12, 22.

753

Offer, The First World War, 250.

754

Laity, The British Peace Movement, 189.

755

Cooper, «Pacifism in France», 360–62.

756

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 383.

757

Chickering, «Problems of a German Peace Movement», 46, 52.

758

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 239–53.

759

Wank, «The Austrian Peace Movement», 42–3; Dülffer, «Efforts to Reform the International System», 28.

760

Herring, From Colony to Superpower, 358–60.

761

Patterson, «Citizen Peace Initiatives», 187–92.

762

Herring, From Colony to Superpower, 357–8.

763

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 345.

764

Cooper, «Pacifism in France», 366–7.

765

Morris, «The English Radicals» Campaign», везде.

766

Weinroth, «The British Radicals», 661–2.

767

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 336, 368–9.

768

Zweig, The World of Yesterday, 226.

769

Cooper, «Pacifism in France», 363.

770

Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy, 253–5.

771

Там же, 255.

772

Morrill, «Nicholas II and the Call», 296–313.

773

Dülffer, «Chances and Limits of Arms Control», 98.

774

Dülffer, «Citizens and Diplomats», 30–31.

775

Joll and Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 258.

776

Massie, Dreadnought, 429.

777

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 225.

778

Dülffer, «Citizens and Diplomats», 25.

779

Laurence, «The Peace Movement in Austria», 55.

780

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 121.

781

BD, т. I, 274, 224–5; 276, 226.

782

White, The First Hague Conference, 114.

783

Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 252.

784

BD, т. I, 282, 229–31.

785

White, The First Hague Conference, 8.

786

Там же, 18–19.

787

Dülffer, «Citizens and Diplomats», 24.

788

Dülffer, «Chances and Limits of Arms Control», 102.

789

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 227.

790

Там же, 228.

791

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 388.

792

Stevenson, Armaments, 109.

793

Laity, The British Peace Movement, 171–2.

794

Laurence, «The Peace Movement in Austria», 29.

795

Stevenson, Armaments, 109–10.

796

Ceadel, Semi-Detached Idealists, 166.

797

Charykov, Glimpses of High Politics, 261.

798

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 133.

799

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 229–30.

800

Steiner, «Grey, Hardinge and the Foreign Office», 434–5.

801

Dülffer, «Efforts to Reform the International System», 40.

802

Howorth, «French Workers and German Workers», 85.

803

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 269.

804

Laurence, «Bertha von Suttner», 194.

805

Joll, The Second International, 107.

806

Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, 267–9; Joll, The Second International, 89–90.

807

Groh, «The «Unpatriotic Socialists»», 153–5.

808

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 272.

809

Joll, The Second International, 100–105; Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 329–30.

810

Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 13.

811

Там же, 63–5.

812

Там же, 15, 375; Heinrich, Geschichte in Gesprächen, 327–8.

813

Goldberg, Life of International, 126–43, 197.

814

Porch, The March to the Marne, 247–9.

815

Joll, The Second International, 126–43, 197.

816

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 275; Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 90–91, 107.

817

Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 67–8.

818

Там же, 64.

819

Там же, 91–2; Joll, The Second International, 152–7.

820

Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 102–3.

821

Joll, The Second International, 70.

822

Howorth, «French Workers and German Workers», 75; Chickering, «War, Peace, and Social Mobilization», 16–17.

823

Joll, The Second International, 49–54; Howorth, «French Workers and German Workers», 78–81.

824

Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 68–9.

825

Там же, 69–70.

826

Joll, The Second International, 123–4.

827

Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 64–6.

828

Там же, 77.

829

Там же, 114; Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 435–8.

830

Cooper, Patriotic Pacifism, 171.

831

Там же, 165–7.

832

Chickering, Imperial Germany, 317.

833

Weinroth, «The British Radicals», 676; Chickering, Imperial Germany, 118.

834

Cooper, «Pacifism in France», 365.

835

Angell, The Great Illusion Kindle version, loc. 2928–30.

836

Howard, «The Armed Forces», 217.

837

Stevenson, «War by Timetable?», 167–8; Herwig, «Conclusions», 232.

838

Howard, The Franco-Prussian War, 14.

839

Stevenson, «War by Timetable?», 167.

840

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 146–7, 229, 232.

841

Там же, 150.

842

Stevenson, «War by Timetable?», 171.

843

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 197n3.

844

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 64–6.

845

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 216.

846

Moltke, Erinnerungen, 11.

847

Herwig, «Conclusions», 231.

848

Showalter, «Railroads», 40.

849

Stevenson, «War by Timetable?», 192–3.

850

Evera, «The Cult of the Offensive», 73–6.

851

Hamilton, «War Planning», 13.

852

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 90.

853

Herwig, «From Tirpitz Plan to Schlieffen Plan», 57.

854

Tirpitz, My Memoirs, т. II, 290.

855

Bond, The Victorian Army and the Staff College, 133.

856

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 88.

857

Echevarria, «Heroic History», 573–90.

858

Echevarria, «On the Brink of the Abyss», 31–3.

859

Прусская винтовка Дрейзе была фактически в два раза скорострельнее, хотя в боевых условиях часто выходила из строя. Французская винтовка Шасспо была в этом и других отношениях еще совершенней – в частности, дальность прицельной стрельбы из нее достигала километра и более.

860

Howard, «The Armed Forces», 206–9.

861

Travers, «Technology, Tactics, and Morale», 268.

862

Welch, «The Centenary», 273–94.

863

Bloch, «The Wars of the Future», 307.

864

Там же, 314–15.

865

Cairns, «International Politics», 280–81.

866

Bloch, «The Wars of the Future», 314.

867

Travers, «Technology, Tactics, and Morale», 273–4.

868

Burkhardt, «Kriegsgrund Geschichte?», 72–4.

869

Mombauer, «German War Plans», 52n10.

870

Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 26–30; Evera, «The Cult of the Offensive», везде.

871

Travers, «Technology, Tactics, and Morale», 271n22.

872

Doughty, Pyrrhic Victory, 25.

873

Howard, «Men Against Fire», 10–11.

874

Messimy, Mes Souvenirs, 119.

875

Porch, «The French Army», 120.

876

Там же, 118.

877

Gooch, «Attitudes to War», 95.

878

Echevarria, «On the Brink of the Abyss», 27–8, 30–31.

879

Foley, German Strategy, 41.

880

Howard, «Men Against Fire», 8–10.

881

Cairns, «International Politics», 282.

882

Foley, German Strategy, 28–9.

883

Kießling, Gegen den «Großen Krieg»?, 43–50, 139; McDonald, United Government, 199–201; Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 139.

884

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 126–31.

885

Förster, «Dreams and Nightmares», 345, 360.

886

Maurer, The Outbreak of the First World War; см., например, гл. 1.

887

Förster, «Der deutschen Generalstab», 61–95.

888

Csáky, Vom Geachteten zum Geächteten, 137.

889

Mombauer, «German War Plans», 59.

890

Steinberg, Bismarck, 57–60; Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 110–13.

891

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 120–21.

892

Там же, 127.

893

Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 134.

894

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 130–31.

895

Там же, 124, 129–31.

896

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 277.

897

Echevarria, «Heroic History», 585; Mombauer, «German War Plans», 52n10.

898

Snyder, «Civil-Military Relations», 35.

899

Förster, «Dreams and Nightmares», 359–60.

900

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 277.

901

Herwig, The Marne, 33.

902

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 100–105; Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 117.

903

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 301–2.

904

Foley, German Strategy, 6–7.

905

Herwig, «From Tirpitz Plan to Schlieffen Plan», 55.

906

Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, 317.

907

Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre, 206.

908

Там же.

909

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 46.

910

Там же, 42–6.

911

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 300.

912

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 201–2.

913

Maurer, The Outbreak of the First World War, 37.

914

Herwig, «From Tirpitz Plan to Schlieffen Plan», 59.

915

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 59.

916

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 223–5.

917

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 311.

918

Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 240.

919

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 658; Foley, «Debate – the Real Schlieffen Plan», 222.

920

Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 203.

921

Groener, Lebenserinnerungen, 84.

922

Fischer, War of Illusions, 55.

923

Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 258–9; Afflerbach, Falkenhayn. Politisches, 79.

924

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 165.

925

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 263–4.

926

Mombauer, «German War Plans», 57.

927

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 280.

928

Showalter, «From Deterrence to Doomsday Machine», 696.

929

Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 152.

930

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 88–9.

931

Fischer, War of Illusions, 390.

932

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 84–5.

933

Fischer, War of Illusions, 225–9; Beyens, Germany before the War, 36–8.

934

Mombauer, «German War Plans», 48–79.

935

Fischer, War of Illusions, 390.

936

Hewitson, Germany and the Causes, 118.

937

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 96–7.

938

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 210.

939

Hewitson, Germany and the Causes, 131–3; Hewitson, «Images of the Enemy», везде.

940

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 132–3.

941

Там же, 84.

942

Там же, 91–5.

943

Mombauer, «German War Plans», 57.

944

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 71.

945

Herwig, «Disjointed Allies», 273.

946

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 101.

947

Gooch, «Italy before 1915», 211–22; Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 167–9.

948

Maurer, The Outbreak of the First World War, 33; Herwig, «Disjointed Allies», 271–2; Ritter, «Zusammenarbeit», 535.

949

Herwig, «Disjointed Allies», 271n9.

950

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 87–8.

951

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 282.

952

Stone, «V. Moltke – Conrad», 201–2 и везде.

953

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 85.

954

Stevenson, «War by Timetable?», 181–2.

955

Stone, «V. Moltke – Conrad», 204n7.

956

Kronenbitter, ««Nur los lassen»», 39.

957

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 234, 237.

958

Stone, «V. Moltke – Conrad», 213–14.

959

Herwig, «Disjointed Allies», 278.

960

Menning, «The Offensive Revisited», 226.

961

Armour, «Colonel Redl: Fact and Fantasy», 175–6.

962

Там же, 179–80; Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 124–7.

963

Stevenson, «War by Timetable?», 177–8; Heywood, «The Most Catastrophic Question», 46, 54.

964

Menning, «The Offensive Revisited», 224.

965

Menning, «Pieces of the Puzzle», 782.

966

Fuller, «The Russian Empire», 109, 122–4.

967

Shatsillo, Ot Portsmutskogo, 199.

968

Fuller, «The Russian Empire», 110.

969

Stevenson, Armaments, 151–6.

970

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 427–33.

971

Brusilov, A Soldier's Notebook, 11.

972

Fuller, The Foe Within, 46–8.

973

Turner, «Role of the General Staffs», 317; Paléologue, Ambassador's Memoirs, т. I, 83.

974

Rich, The Tsar's Colonels, 221.

975

Fuller, «The Russian Empire», 100–101.

976

Spring, «Russia and the Franco-Russian Alliance», 568–9, 578–9 и везде.

977

Menning, «The Offensive Revisited», 219.

978

Айрапетов, Последняя война императорской России, 174–5; Shatsillo, Ot Portsmutskogo, 65–7.

979

Menning, «Pieces of the Puzzle», 788.

980

Fuller, «The Russian Empire», 111–12, 118–21.

981

Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 178.

982

Fuller, «The Russian Empire», 111–13; Menning, «The Offensive Revisited», 225.

983

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 440–41.

984

Menning, «Pieces of the Puzzle», 796.

985

Menning, «War Planning», 121.

986

Айрапетов, «К вопросу о причинах поражения русской армии»; Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 189–94.

987

Fuller, «The Russian Empire», 110–11.

988

Айрапетов, «К вопросу о причинах поражения русской армии»; Menning, «War Planning», 122–5.

989

Andrew, «France and the German Menace», 147.

990

Ignat'ev, 50 лет в строю, 390–91.

991

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 182–3.

992

Ignat'ev, 50 лет в строю, 392.

993

Messimy, Mes Souvenirs, 118n1; Porch, The March to the Marne, 184–5.

994

Porch, The March to the Marne, 216–23.

995

Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 163.

996

Doughty, «France», 160.

997

Doughty, Pyrrhic Victory, 26.

998

Doughty, «France», 159.

999

Becker, 1914, Comment les Français, 43n174.

1000

Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 164.

1001

Porch, The March to the Marne, 129–32.

1002

Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 137.

1003

Doughty, «France», 154.

1004

Там же, 154; Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 156.

1005

Doughty, «France», 153.

1006

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 70.

1007

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 165–7.

1008

Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 163.

1009

Там же, 159.

1010

Там же, 166.

1011

Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive, 102–3.

1012

Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 170–71.

1013

Doughty, «France», 163.

1014

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 226.

1015

Doughty, «France», 165–8; Doughty, «French Strategy in 1914», 434.

1016

Doughty, «France», 165.

1017

Porch, The March to the Marne, 232–3.

1018

Messimy, Mes Souvenirs, 179.

1019

Schoen, Memoirs of an Ambassador, 20; Rich, Friedrich von Holstein, т. II, 694.

1020

Schoen, Memoirs of an Ambassador, 22–3.

1021

BD, т. III, 71, 62.

1022

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 255.

1023

Rich, Friedrich von Holstein, т. II, 695.

1024

Hewitson, «Germany and France», 579.

1025

Rich, Friedrich von Holstein, т. II, 691–3.

1026

Там же, 702n1.

1027

Hewitson, «Germany and France», 585–6.

1028

Rich, Friedrich von Holstein, т. II, 680–81.

1029

Там же, 683, 684.

1030

Morris, Theodore Rex, 334–5.

1031

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 269–70.

1032

Там же, 272.

1033

Kaiser, «Germany and the Origins», 453.

1034

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 162.

1035

Kaiser, «Germany and the Origins», 453.

1036

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 285.

1037

Lee, Edward VII, т. II, 340.

1038

The Times, 31 марта 1905.

1039

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 116.

1040

Monger, The End of Isolation, 192.

1041

Там же, 187.

1042

Там же, 190.

1043

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 287–8.

1044

Там же, 281, 283, 285.

1045

Там же, 286.

1046

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 265.

1047

Monger, The End of Isolation, 224 and n2.

1048

Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 119.

1049

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 291–2.

1050

Там же, 299.

1051

Там же, 292–3.

1052

Там же, 296–7.

1053

Там же, 289.

1054

Там же, 276–8, 278–9.

1055

Там же, 296–301.

1056

Weber, The Nationalist Revival in France, 31.

1057

Monger, The End of Isolation, 202.

1058

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 135, 138.

1059

Rich, Friedrich von Holstein, т. II, 707.

1060

Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 122.

1061

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 303.

1062

Weber, The Nationalist Revival in France, 32.

1063

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 40–41.

1064

Там же, 42.

1065

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 117.

1066

Rich, Friedrich von Holstein, т. II, 731.

1067

Grey, Twenty-five Years, т. I; см., например, его письмо от 31 января 1906, 176–9.

1068

Otte, «Almost a Law of Nature?», 82–3.

1069

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 13.

1070

Grey, Twenty-five Years, т. I, 128.

1071

Lloyd George, War Memoirs, т. I, 91.

1072

Gilmour, Curzon, 26n.

1073

Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, 23–4, 29.

1074

Massie, Dreadnought, 585.

1075

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 41–2.

1076

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 35.

1077

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 42–3.

1078

Otte, «Almost a Law of Nature?», 79.

1079

BD, т. III, 200, 162.

1080

Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. I, 98.

1081

Rich, Friedrich von Holstein, т. II, 733.

1082

Oppel, «The Waning of a Traditional Alliance», 324.

1083

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 281–2.

1084

Herring, From Colony to Superpower, 363.

1085

BD, т. III, 401, 337–8.

1086

Lerman, The Chancellor as Courtier, 147–8.

1087

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 262; Lerman, The Chancellor as Courtier, 144.

1088

Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 264.

1089

Otte, «Almost a Law of Nature?», 83.

1090

Foley, «Debate – the Real Schlieffen Plan», 44–5.

1091

Craig, The Politics of thePrussian Army, 284–5.

1092

Joll and Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 197.

1093

Oppel, «The Waning of a Traditional Alliance», 325–6.

1094

Dumas, The Franco-British Exhibition, 4.

1095

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 38–40.

1096

BD, т. III, 299, 266–8.

1097

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 76.

1098

Lloyd George, War Memoirs, т. I, 49–50.

1099

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 85–7.

1100

Там же, 93–6.

1101

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 90–92.

1102

Kennedy, «Great Britain before 1914», 173.

1103

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 125.

1104

Offer, The First World War, 303.

1105

Doughty, Pyrrhic Victory, 39.

1106

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 384–8.

1107

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 126; Fisher and Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, т. II, 232.

1108

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 246–7.

1109

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 106–7.

1110

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 213.

1111

Neilson, «Great Britain», 183–5; Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 187–93.

1112

Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, 96–7.

1113

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 196.

1114

Porch, The March to the Marne, 228.

1115

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 114, 123, 155 и везде.

1116

Doughty, «French Strategy in 1914», 435.

1117

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 138–41.

1118

Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, 37.

1119

Williamson, «General Henry Wilson», 91.

1120

Там же, 94–6.

1121

Callwell, Field-Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, т. I, 89.

1122

Там же, 78–9.

1123

Andrew, «France and the German Menace», 137.

1124

Callwell, Field-Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, т. I, 105.

1125

Keiger, «Jules Cambon», 642.

1126

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 196.

1127

Diöszegi, Hungarians in the Ballhausplatz, 197–200.

1128

Hoetzendorf, Mein Leben mit Conrad von Hötzendorf, 63, 237.

1129

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. I, 372.

1130

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 248–51.

1131

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 290.

1132

Wank, «Aehrenthal's Programme», 520–22.

1133

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass; see, for example, 385–8.

1134

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 371.

1135

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 217.

1136

Musulin, Das Haus am Ballplatz, 57.

1137

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 95.

1138

Czernin, In the World War, 50.

1139

Williamson, «Influence, Power, and the Policy Process», 431.

1140

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 97.

1141

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 279; Bridge, The Habsburg Monarchy, 189– 90.

1142

Diöszegi, Hungarians in the Ballhausplatz, 200.

1143

Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 597–8; Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 149–50.

1144

Stevenson, Armaments, 82.

1145

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 240; Jelavich and Jelavich, The Establishment, 255–6.

1146

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 239n53.

1147

Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 774.

1148

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 65.

1149

Baernreither and Redlich, Fragments, 21–2.

1150

Там же, 35, 44.

1151

Там же, 43–4.

1152

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 449–52.

1153

Там же, 599.

1154

Bridge, «Isvolsky, Aehrenthal», 326.

1155

Bridge, «The Entente Cordiale», 341.

1156

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 433.

1157

Baernreither and Redlich, Fragments, 37.

1158

Bridge, «Isvolsky, Aehrenthal», 326.

1159

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 298–9.

1160

Lee, Europe's Crucial Years, 326.

1161

McDonald, United Government, 127.

1162

Cooper, «British Policy in the Balkans», 262.

1163

Taube, La Politique russe d'avant-guerre, 185–7; Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 200; Lee, Europe's Crucial Years, 184–5.

1164

Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 225.

1165

Hopman, Das ereignisreiche Leben, 147–8.

1166

Reynolds, Shattering Empires, 22.

1167

Schoen, Memoirs of an Ambassador, 77; Bridge, «Isvolsky, Aehrenthal», 332–3.

1168

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 419.

1169

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. I, 373.

1170

Bridge, «Isvolsky, Aehrenthal», 334; Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 121–2.

1171

Bridge, «Isvolsky, Aehrenthal», 335.

1172

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 419.

1173

Bridge, «Isvolsky, Aehrenthal», 334.

1174

Там же, 339.

1175

McMeekin, The Russian Origins, 225.

1176

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 437.

1177

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 144.

1178

McDonald, United Government, 136–51.

1179

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 435–6.

1180

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. I, 373, 379–80; Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 287.

1181

Bridge, The Habsburg Monarchy, 296.

1182

Steed, Through Thirty Years, 308–14. IX, ч. 1, 695, 671–3.

1183

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 624.

1184

Sweet, «The Bosnian Crisis», 178–9.

1185

Eby, The Road to Armageddon, 151.

1186

Otte, «Almost a Law of Nature?», 92.

1187

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 149–50.

1188

Menning, «Dress Rehearsal for 1914?», 8.

1189

Там же, 11–15.

1190

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. I, 374.

1191

Boghitschewitsch, Die auswärtige Politik Serbiens, т. III, 78.

1192

Stevenson, Armaments, 115–16.

1193

Boghitschewitsch, Die auswärtige Politik Serbiens, т. III, 93; Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 241–2.

1194

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 137.

1195

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 123–5; Stevenson, Armaments, 116.

1196

Heinrich, Geschichte in Gesprächen, 124–5, 221–2.

1197

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 628.

1198

Musulin, Das Haus am Ballplatz, 168.

1199

Stevenson, Armaments, 117 –18, 125–6.

1200

Turner, «Role of the General Staffs», 306; Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 629.

1201

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 439.

1202

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 91.

1203

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 118–19.

1204

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 142.

1205

McDonald, United Government, 141–4; Lee, Europe's Crucial Years, 193–4.

1206

Sweet, «The Bosnian Crisis», 183–4; Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 215.

1207

Sweet, «The Bosnian Crisis», 182–3; Heinrich, Geschichte in Gesprächen, 169.

1208

Menning, «Dress Rehearsal for 1914?», 7.

1209

BD, т. V, 576, 603.

1210

Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, 81.

1211

Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, 263.

1212

Afflerbach, Der Dreibund, 655.

1213

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 224.

1214

Fuller, «The Russian Empire», 99.

1215

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 438.

1216

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 174.

1217

Carter, The Three Emperors, 371.

1218

Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs, 305.

1219

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 755–64.

1220

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 96.

1221

Stevenson, Armaments, 122; Bridge, The Habsburg Monarchy, 295.

1222

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 726.

1223

Fellner, «Die «Mission Hoyos»», 115.

1224

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 131.

1225

Lieven, Nicholas II, 193–4.

1226

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 131.

1227

Grey, Twenty-five Years, т. I, 182.

1228

Lieven, Russia and the Origins, 37.

1229

Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 470.

1230

Stevenson, Armaments, 136.

1231

Cooper, «British Policy in the Balkans», 261.

1232

Stevenson, Armaments, 131–3; Boghitschewitsch, Die auswärtige Politik Serbiens, т. III, 77.

1233

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 244; Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 33; Neklyudov, Diplomatic Reminiscences, 46–50; Gieslingen, Zwei Jahrzehnte im Nahen Orient, 253.

1234

Cooper, «British Policy in the Balkans», 279.

1235

Barraclough, From Agadir to Armageddon, 1–2.

1236

Mortimer, «Commercial Interests and German Diplomacy», 454.

1237

Barraclough, From Agadir to Armageddon, 2; Cecil, Albert Ballin, 178; Massie, Dreadnought, 725–7.

1238

Fesser, Der Traum vom Platz, 141; Fischer, War of Illusions, 74–5.

1239

Barraclough, From Agadir to Armageddon, 31–2.

1240

Keiger, «Jules Cambon», 642–3; Keiger, France and the Origins, 31–3.

1241

Hewitson, «Germany and France», 591.

1242

Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, 94.

1243

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. III, 12.

1244

Cecil, Albert Ballin, 122–3.

1245

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 16.

1246

Там же, 43.

1247

Там же, 29n34.

1248

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. III, 19.

1249

Cecil, Albert Ballin, 122–3.

1250

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 68.

1251

Там же, 25–7.

1252

Там же, 27–9.

1253

Там же, 122.

1254

Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 422.

1255

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 509.

1256

Rathenau and von Strandmann, Walther Rathenau, 134.

1257

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 121.

1258

Spitzemberg, Das Tagebuch, 545.

1259

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. II, 464.

1260

Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 310–12.

1261

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 123.

1262

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 160.

1263

Allain, Joseph Caillaux, 371–7.

1264

Hewitson, «Germany and France», 592–4.

1265

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 143.

1266

Barraclough, From Agadir to Armageddon, 127–8.

1267

Stevenson, Armaments, 183.

1268

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 124; Mommsen, «Domestic Factors», 23.

1269

Crampton, «August Bebel and the British», 221–2.

1270

Keiger, France and the Origins, 35.

1271

Messimy, Mes Souvenirs, 64–5.

1272

Там же, 60.

1273

Там же.

1274

Keiger, «Jules Cambon», 646; Keiger, France and the Origins, 35.

1275

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 153.

1276

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 75.

1277

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 321.

1278

Rose, King George V, 165–6.

1279

Weinroth, «The British Radicals», 664.

1280

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 318.

1281

Wilson, «The Agadir Crisis», 514–15; Dockrill, «British Policy», 274–5.

1282

BD, т. VII, 392, 371–3.

1283

The Times, 22 июля 1911.

1284

Redlich, Schicksalsjahre Österreichs, 95–6.

1285

Fesser, Der Traum vom Platz, 145; Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 313–14.

1286

Callwell, Field-Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, т. I, 97–8.

1287

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 244–6.

1288

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 139; Messimy, Mes Souvenirs, 61.

1289

Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, 99–100.

1290

Riezler, Tagebücher, Aufsätze, Dokumente, 180.

1291

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 124.

1292

Barraclough, From Agadir to Armageddon, 135.

1293

Fischer, War of Illusions, 83.

1294

Andrew, Théophile Delcassé, 70n1.

1295

Rathenau and von Strandmann, Walther Rathenau, 157.

1296

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 141.

1297

Grey, Twenty-five Years, т. I, 233.

1298

Stieve, Der diplomatische Schriftwechsel Iswolskis, 194–5.

1299

Steiner and Neilson, Britain and the Origins, 79–80.

1300

Там же, 80–81.

1301

Messimy, Mes Souvenirs, 68.

1302

Krumeich, Armaments and Politics, 21–9.

1303

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 21–21.

1304

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 124.

1305

Beyens, Germany before the War, 61.

1306

Fesser, Der Traum vom Platz, 148.

1307

Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 291.

1308

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 125.

1309

Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre, 172.

1310

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 852–9.

1311

Röhl, «Admiral von Müller», 656.

1312

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 81–2; Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 131.

1313

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 161–6.

1314

Bosworth, Italy and the Approach, 57.

1315

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 342.

1316

Bosworth, «Britain and Italy's Acquisition», 683.

1317

Bosworth, Italy and the Approach, 10.

1318

Там же, 38–9.

1319

Gooch, «Italy before 1915», 222. 86. Там же, 225–8. 87. Там же, 206.

1320

Bosworth, Italy and the Approach, 6–8; Gooch, «Italy before 1915», 216–17.

1321

Bosworth, Italy and the Approach, 34.

1322

Там же, 36.

1323

Gooch, «Italy before 1915», 209.

1324

BD, т. IX, ч. 1, 257, 289–91.

1325

BD, т. IX, ч. 1, 241, 278–9.

1326

Barraclough, From Agadir to Armageddon, 143–4.

1327

Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 58–62.

1328

BD, т. IX, ч. 1, 250, 284.

1329

Rossos, Russia and the Balkans, 35.

1330

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 346; Barraclough, From Agadir to Armageddon, 144–5.

1331

BD, т. VII, 763, 788–9.

1332

Cambon, Correspondance, т. III, 7.

1333

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 357.

1334

Trotsky, The Balkan Wars, 360–61.

1335

Hoetzendorf, Mein Leben mit Conrad von Hötzendorf, 105.

1336

Aehrenthal, Aus dem Nachlass, 232.

1337

Trotsky, The Balkan Wars, 72.

1338

Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo, 179–80.

1339

Jelavich, History of the Balkans, 110.

1340

Rossos, Russia and the Balkans, 34–5.

1341

Trotsky, The Balkan Wars, 80.

1342

BD, т. IX, ч. 1, 249, 283–4.

1343

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 29–30.

1344

Там же, 32–3.

1345

Там же, 33.

1346

Thaden, Russia and the Balkan Alliance, 27–8.

1347

Neklyudov, Diplomatic Reminiscences, 38 –9.

1348

Там же, 45.

1349

Там же, 80–81.

1350

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 62–4, 67.

1351

BD, т. IX, ч. 1, 570, 568.

1352

Fischer, War of Illusions, 150.

1353

BD, т. IX, ч. 2, 5, 3–4.

1354

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 141–5.

1355

Trotsky, The Balkan Wars, 65–6.

1356

Rossos, Russia and the Balkans, 79.

1357

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 203–4.

1358

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 92.

1359

Thaden, Russia and the Balkan Alliance, 116–17; Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 231.

1360

Thaden, Russia and the Balkan Alliance, 118; Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 412–13.

1361

Игнатьев, Внешняя политика России, 1907–1914, 141.

1362

Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar, 328–9.

1363

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 92.

1364

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 203.

1365

Bodger, «Russia and the End», 84.

1366

Thaden, Russia and the Balkan Alliance, 132.

1367

Bodger, «Russia and the End», 79.

1368

Rossos, Russia and the Balkans, 85.

1369

Sazonov, Fateful Years, 49–50; Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 234n.

1370

Taube, La Politique russe d'avant-guerre, 225–7.

1371

Sazonov, Fateful Years, 54.

1372

BD, т. IX, ч. 1, 711, 683–5; Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 154–5.

1373

Sazonov, Fateful Years, 78.

1374

Там же, 80.

1375

Rossos, Russia and the Balkans, 102.

1376

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 119.

1377

Там же, 484–5.

1378

Musulin, Das Haus am Ballplatz, 178.

1379

Vermes, Istv'an Tisza, 199.

1380

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 246.

1381

Csáky, Vom Geachteten zum Geachteten, 129; Leslie, «Österreich-Ungarn», 663.

1382

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 385.

1383

Там же, 383–4.

1384

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 176.

1385

См. письмо Bertie to Grey, 29 августа 1912, BD, т. IX, ч. 1, 671, 653–5.

1386

BD, vol. Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 323; Afflerbach, Der Dreibund, 731–3; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 127.

1387

Heinrich, Geschichte in Gesprächen, 380.

1388

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 214–15.

1389

Boghitschewitsch, Die auswärtige Politik Serbiens, т. III, 159.

1390

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 124.

1391

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 153.

1392

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 132; Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 276.

1393

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 323; Afflerbach, Der Dreibund, 731–3; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 127.

1394

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 328.

1395

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 132.

1396

Sazonov, Fateful Years, 78.

1397

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 178.

1398

BD, т. IX, ч. 2, 303, 227–8.

1399

Там же.

1400

Rossos, Russia and the Balkans, 104–5.

1401

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 178.

1402

Fischer, War of Illusions, 155–6.

1403

Röhl, «Admiral von Müller», 659.

1404

Fischer, War of Illusions, 157–8.

1405

Röhl, «Admiral von Müller», 664; Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 276–7.

1406

The Times, 22 ноября 1912.

1407

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 216.

1408

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 120–21.

1409

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 130–31.

1410

Fischer, War of Illusions, 158–61.

1411

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 388.

1412

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 130–31.

1413

Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. I, 256.

1414

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 250.

1415

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 161.

1416

Crampton, «The Decline», 393–4.

1417

BD, т. IX, ч. 2, 626, 506.

1418

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 377.

1419

Там же, 381.

1420

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 134; Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 282–4.

1421

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 136; Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 296–7.

1422

Crampton, «The Decline», 395 и след. 12.

1423

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 313–14.

1424

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 139–40. 94. Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 123.

1425

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 471.

1426

Cambon, Correspondance, т. III, 27.

1427

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 246–8.

1428

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 151.

1429

Vermes, Istv'an Tisza, 203.

1430

Там же, 131.

1431

Stone, «Hungary and the July Crisis», 157.

1432

Leslie, «The Antecedents», 323–4.

1433

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 498; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 133–4.

1434

Crampton, «The Decline», 417–19.

1435

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. I, 483–4.

1436

Helmreich, The Diplomacy, 428.

1437

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 366–7.

1438

Там же, 442.

1439

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 154–5.

1440

Afflerbach, Der Dreibund, 748.

1441

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 129.

1442

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 513.

1443

Там же, 312.

1444

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 179.

1445

Williamson, Austria– Hungary, 135; Leslie, The Antecedents, 352–3.

1446

Albertini, The Origins of the War, vol. I, 483–4.

1447

Crampton, The Hollow Detente, 172.

1448

Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 107.

1449

Cooper, Patriotic Pacifism, 159–60.

1450

Kennan, The Other Balkan Wars, 271.

1451

BD, т. X, ч. 2, 476, 702–3.

1452

Rose, King George V, 166–7.

1453

McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, 197.

1454

Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, 295; Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 84.

1455

Kießling, Gegen den «Großen Krieg»?, 195–6.

1456

Rosen, Forty Years of Diplomacy, 154.

1457

Brusilov, A Soldier's Notebook, 3–4.

1458

Gildea, Barricades and Borders, 419.

1459

Rogger, «Russia in 1914», 96.

1460

Sazonov, Fateful Years, 80.

1461

Miliukov and Mendel, Political Memoirs, 284.

1462

Kokovtsov, Out of My Past, 296.

1463

Там же, 361.

1464

Figes, A People's Tragedy, 216.

1465

Там же, 241–5.

1466

Rogger, «Russia in 1914», 95–6.

1467

Там же, 101–2.

1468

Geyer, Russian Imperialism, 249–54.

1469

Там же, 274–5.

1470

Lieven, Nicholas II, 168.

1471

Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 371.

1472

Hewitson, «Germany and France», 578; Kießling, Gegen den «Großen Krieg»?, 196.

1473

Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 167–8.

1474

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 609.

1475

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince von Bulow, т. III, 33; Cecil, German Diplomatic Service, 317.

1476

Spitzemberg, Das Tagebuch, 563.

1477

Stevenson, Armaments, 286–9.

1478

Röhl, The Kaiser and His Court, 173–4; Röhl, «Admiral von Müller», 661; Stevenson, Armaments, 252–3.

1479

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 145.

1480

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 84.

1481

Röhl, «Admiral von Müller», 665; Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, 339–40; Tanenbaum, «French Estimates», 169.

1482

Stevenson, Armaments, 316–20. 33. Krumeich, Armaments and Politics, гл. 2.

1483

Stevenson, Armaments, 221.

1484

Doughty, «France», 163.

1485

Там же, 162.

1486

Weber, The Nationalist Revival in France, 97.

1487

Там же, 94–5, 102.

1488

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 580.

1489

German Foreign Office, Die grosse Politik, т. XXXIX, 292.

1490

Nolan, The Inverted Mirror, 40, 82–3.

1491

Stevenson, Armaments, 222.

1492

Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 122–3, 130–31.

1493

Там же, 145.

1494

Williams, Tiger of France, 286.

1495

Там же, 11–14, 24–7, 154.

1496

Там же, 147.

1497

Adamthwaite, Grandeur and Misery, 8; Hughes, Policies and Potentates, 223–7.

1498

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 274.

1499

Cambon, Correspondance; Там же, III, 39.

1500

Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 151.

1501

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 238.

1502

Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 155–7.

1503

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 236–7.

1504

Там же, 238–40.

1505

Williamson, «German Perceptions», 206.

1506

Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 439.

1507

Sazonov, Fateful Years, 56.

1508

Rose, King George V, 80.

1509

Там же, 71.

1510

Clifford, The Asquiths, 2–3.

1511

Там же, 13–14.

1512

Haldane, An Autobiography, 111.

1513

Clifford, The Asquiths, 186.

1514

Там же, 145.

1515

Adam, Bonar Law, 107–9.

1516

Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, 115–16.

1517

BD, т. X, ч. 2, 537, 780–83.

1518

Churchill, The World Crisis, т. I, 185; Dangerfield, The Strange Death, 366.

1519

Leslie, «Österreich-Ungarn», 669–70. 71. Afflerbach, Der Dreibund, 793–4, 806–8, 810–11.

1520

Angelow, Der Weg in die Katastrophe, 26.

1521

Wandruszka and Urbanitsch, Die Habsburgermonarchie, 331–2; Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo, 364–5.

1522

Bodger, «Russia and the End», 88.

1523

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 87.

1524

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 117.

1525

Sazonov, Fateful Years, 43–4; Kokovtsov, Out of My Past, 321–3.

1526

Stieve, Der diplomatische Schriftwechsel Iswolskis, 17–18.

1527

McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, 67–8.

1528

Shatsillo, Ot Portsmutskogo, 272–4; Stevenson, Armaments, 343–9.

1529

Churchill, The World Crisis, т. I, 178; Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. I, 269.

1530

Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. I, 195.

1531

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 68.

1532

Spring, «Russia and the Franco-Russian Alliance», 584; Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, 271.

1533

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 266–76.

1534

Там же, 252–3, 258–9.

1535

Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, 103.

1536

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 253.

1537

Churchill, The World Crisis, т. I, 118.

1538

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 274.

1539

Churchill, The World Crisis, т. I, 119.

1540

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 254–6, 265– 6.

1541

Churchill, The World Crisis, т. I, 113.

1542

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 320–25.

1543

BD, т. X, ч. 2, 416, 614–15.

1544

Esher, Journals and Letters, т. III, 331.

1545

BD, т. X, ч. 2, 400, 601–2.

1546

Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, 285.

1547

Rose, King George V, 164.

1548

Bridge, «The Entente Cordiale», 350.

1549

Angelow, Der Weg in die Katastrophe, 60–61.

1550

Stevenson, Armaments, 2–9.

1551

Там же, 4.

1552

Herrmann, The Arming of Europe, 207.

1553

Epkenhans, Tirpitz, Kindle version, loc. 862.

1554

Kießling, Gegen den «Großen Krieg»?, 67–8.

1555

Heywood, «The Most Catastrophic Question», 56.

1556

Förster, «Im Reich des Absurden», 233.

1557

Stevenson, Armaments, 358–9; Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 208–11, 242–4.

1558

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 88.

1559

Brusilov, A Soldier's Notebook, 1.

1560

Kießling, Gegen den «Großen Krieg»?, 43–4.

1561

Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. I, 292.

1562

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 458.

1563

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 134; Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 252–3; Kronenbitter, ««Nur los lassen»», 39.

1564

McDonald, United Government, 199–201.

1565

Leslie, «The Antecedents», 334–6, 338–9.

1566

Churchill, The World Crisis, т. I, 95.

1567

Haldane, Before the War, 33–6.

1568

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 172.

1569

Cecil, Albert Ballin, 182–96.

1570

Hopman, Das ereignisreiche Leben, 209–10.

1571

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 172–3.

1572

House and Seymour, The Intimate Papers, т. I, 249.

1573

Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 283–4; Maurer, «Churchill's Naval Holiday», 109– 10.

1574

Brinker-Gabler, Kämpferin fur den Frieden, 167.

1575

Haupt, Socialism and the Great War, 108.

1576

Poincaré, Au Service de la France, т. IV, 173–4.

1577

Geinitz, Kriegsfurcht und Kampfbereitschaft, 50–53.

1578

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 198.

1579

Massie, Dreadnought, 852–3; Cecil, Wilhelm II, 198; Geiss, July 1914, 69.

1580

Smith, One Morning in Sarajevo, 40.

1581

Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo, 175–8, 208–9, 217 и гл. 10, везде.

1582

Там же, 197.

1583

Там же.

1584

Там же, 373–5; Jelavich, What the Habsburg Government Knew, 134–5.

1585

Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo, 294–301, 309; Jelavich, What the Habsburg Government Knew, 136.

1586

Leslie, «The Antecedents», 368; Funder, Vom Gestern ins Heute, 483; Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo, 405–7, 409–10.

1587

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 459; Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo, 312; Funder, Vom Gestern ins Heute, 484.

1588

Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo, 11–16, 316.

1589

Margutti, The Emperor Francis Joseph, 138– 9.

1590

Smith, One Morning in Sarajevo, 214; Hopman, Das ereignisreiche Leben, 381; Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 117–19; Hoetzsch, Die internationalen Beziehungen, 106–7.

1591

Stone, «Hungary and the July Crisis», 159–60.

1592

Kronenbitter, Krieg im Frieden, 460–62.

1593

Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 140; Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 558–9.

1594

Musulin, Das Haus am Ballplatz, 226.

1595

Leslie, «The Antecedents», 320.

1596

Wank, «Desperate Counsel», 295; Leslie, «Österreich-Ungarn», 664.

1597

Leslie, «Österreich-Ungarn», 665.

1598

Stone, «Hungary and the July Crisis», 161.

1599

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 150–55.

1600

Leslie, «The Antecedents», 375–80.

1601

Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 559.

1602

Bittner and Ubersberger, Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik, 248.

1603

Fellner, «Die «Mission Hoyos»», 122; Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 129–30.

1604

Turner, «Role of the General Staffs», 308.

1605

Bittner and Ubersberger, Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik, 252; Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 133–5.

1606

Fellner, «Die «Mission Hoyos»», 125–6, 137.

1607

См., например: Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 137–48; Geiss, July 1914, 70–80; Kronenbitter, ««Nur los lassen»», 182.

1608

Sösemann, «Die Tagebücher Kurt Riezlers», 185.

1609

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 168–9, 177.

1610

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 153–5.

1611

Mommsen, «The Debate on German War Aims», 60n16.

1612

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 168–9.

1613

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 172; Dülffer, «Kriegserwartung und Kriegsbild», 785; Joll and Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 274; Förster, «Im Reich des Absurden», 251–2; Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 177, 181.

1614

Förster, «Im Reich des Absurden», 233.

1615

Wolff, Tagebücher 1914–1919, 63–5.

1616

Bach, Deutsche Gesandtschaftsberichte, 63.

1617

Groener, Lebenserinnerungen, 140.

1618

Stevenson, Armaments, 363–4; Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 182.

1619

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 135.

1620

Там же, 173.

1621

Herwig, «From Tirpitz Plan to Schlieffen Plan», 58; Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 159–60, 212–13.

1622

Lichnowsky and Delmer, Heading for the Abyss, 379–80n.

1623

Sösemann, «Die Tagebücher Kurt Riezlers», 183.

1624

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 105.

1625

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 80; Sösemann, «Die Tagebücher Kurt Riezlers», 183–4.

1626

Sösemann, «Die Tagebücher Kurt Riezlers», 184–5; Lichnowsky and Delmer, Heading for the Abyss, 392.

1627

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 195n44; Lichnowsky and Delmer, Heading for the Abyss, 381; Sösemann, «Die Tagebücher Kurt Riezlers», 184.

1628

Fesser, Der Traum vom Platz, 181.

1629

Lichnowsky and Delmer, Heading for the Abyss, 381.

1630

Turner, «Role of the General Staffs», 312; Geiss, July 1914, 65.

1631

Fischer, War of Illusions, 478; Cecil, Wilhelm II, 193–6.

1632

Joll, 1914, 8.

1633

Kronenbitter, «Die Macht der Illusionen», 531; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 199–200.

1634

Bittner and Ubersberger, Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik, 248.

1635

Geiss, July 1914, 80–87; Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, 141; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 197–9.

1636

Stone, «Hungary and the July Crisis», 166–8; Vermes, Istv'an Tisza, 226; Leslie, «The Antecedents», 343.

1637

Geiss, July 1914, 114–15.

1638

Jelavich, What the Habsburg Government Knew, 133.

1639

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 200–201; Geiss, July 1914, 90–92.

1640

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 201.

1641

Jelavich, Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 256.

1642

BD, т. XI, 56, 44–5.

1643

Turner, «Role of the General Staffs», 312; Fischer, War of Illusions, 478–9; Geiss, July 1914, 89–90.

1644

Hoetzsch, Die internationalen Beziehungen, т. IV, 301–2; Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 161–2; Hertling and Lerchenfeld-Köfering, Briefwechsel Hertling-Lerchenfeld, 307.

1645

BD, т. XI, 27, 19–20; 45, 37; Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 272– 5.

1646

Gieslingen, Zwei Jahrzehnte im Nahen Orient, 257–61; Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 276–9.

1647

Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 201.

1648

Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 808n.

1649

Austro-Hungarian Gemeinsamer Ministerrat, Protokolle des Gemeinsamen Ministerrates, 150–54; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 203.

1650

Vermes, Istv'an Tisza, 232–3.

1651

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 265.

1652

Geiss, July 1914, 142, 149–50, 154.

1653

Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 808n; Hantsch, Leopold Graf Berchtold, 602–3. Полный текст в книге Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 286–9.

1654

Gieslingen, Zwei Jahrzehnte im Nahen Orient, 267–8; Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 346; Bittner and Ubersberger, Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik, 659–63; Cornwall, «Serbia», 72–4.

1655

BD, т. XI, 92, 74; 107, 85; Stokes, «Serbian Documents from 1914», 71–4; Cornwall, «Serbia», 75–9, 82.

1656

Kronenbitter, «Die Macht der Illusionen», 536; Kronenbitter, ««Nur los lassen»», 159.

1657

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 373–5; Gieslingen, Zwei Jahrzehnte im Nahen Orient, 268–72.

1658

MacKenzie and MacKenzie, The Diary of Beatrice Webb, т. III, 203–5.

1659

Kessler, Journey to the Abyss, 631–40.

1660

Mombauer, «A Reluctant Military Leader?», 422.

1661

Lieven, Nicholas II, 198.

1662

Бестужев, «Russian Foreign Policy February – June 1914», 100–101.

1663

Lieven, Russia and the Origins, 49.

1664

Rogger, «Russia in 1914», 98–9.

1665

Shukman, Rasputin, 58.

1666

Bridge, «The British Declaration of War», 403–4.

1667

Brock and Brock, H. H. Asquith, 93, 122–3.

1668

Rose, King George V, 157–8.

1669

Hazlehurst, Politicians at War, 31.

1670

Messimy, Mes Souvenirs, 126–7.

1671

Cronin, Paris on the Eve, 427–9.

1672

Afflerbach, «The Topos of Improbable War», 179.

1673

Doughty, «France», 149.

1674

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 271–2, 278–83.

1675

Там же, 265–8.

1676

Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 460.

1677

Poincaré, Au Service de la France, 224–6, 230.

1678

Krumeich, Armaments and Politics, 217; Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 283.

1679

Figes, A People's Tragedy, 232; Игнатьев, 50 лет в строю, 423.

1680

Poincaré, Au Service de la France, 259, 269–70; Krumeich, Armaments and Politics, 291n153.

1681

Poincaré, Au Service de la France, 246–7.

1682

BD, т. IX, 101, 80–82.

1683

Там же, 253–5; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 203.

1684

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 78.

1685

Hoetzsch, Die internationalen Beziehungen, т. IV, 128.

1686

Bridge, How the War Began, 27.

1687

Lieven, Nicholas II, 201; Lieven, Russia and the Origins, 108–9.

1688

Turner, «The Russian Mobilization», 74.

1689

Там же, 78.

1690

Hayne, French Foreign Office, 116–21; Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 227–8; Cairns, «International Politics», 285.

1691

BD, т. IX, 101, 80–2.

1692

Turner, «The Russian Mobilization», 81, 83.

1693

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 89–91.

1694

Doughty, «France», 146–7.

1695

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 202–4.

1696

Bittner and Ubersberger, Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik, 805.

1697

Bark, «Июльские дни 1914 г.», 32–4; Bridge, How the War Began, 30–32; Игнатьев, Внешняя политика России, 1907–1914, 213–14.

1698

BD, т. IX, 125, 93–4.

1699

Turner, «The Russian Mobilization», 76–7.

1700

Там же, 77, 80.

1701

Rosen, Forty Years of Diplomacy, 163.

1702

Stengers, «Belgium», 158.

1703

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 335–42; Poincaré, Au Service de la France, 288; Krumeich, Armaments and Politics, 219– 20.

1704

Turner, «The Russian Mobilization», 82–3; Poincaré, Au Service de la France, 302; Doughty, «French Strategy in 1914», 443.

1705

Lichnowsky and Delmer, Heading for the Abyss, 375.

1706

Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 295.

1707

Там же, 301.

1708

Bridge, «The British Declaration of War», 407; Haldane, An Autobiography, 288–9; Cecil, Albert Ballin, 205–9.

1709

Bridge, «The British Declaration of War», 408; Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 135–6; BD, т. XI, 91, 73–4; 104, 83–4.

1710

Geiss, July 1914, 183–4.

1711

Bülow, Memoirs of Prince Von Bulow, т. III, 122–3.

1712

Lichnowsky and Delmer, Heading for the Abyss, 368–469.

1713

Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 301.

1714

Hobhouse, Inside Asquith's Cabinet, 176–7; Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, 289–90.

1715

BD, т. IX, 185, 128.

1716

BD, т. IX, 170, 120–1.

1717

BD, т. IX, 216, 148.

1718

Eubank, Paul Cambon, 171.

1719

Там же, 169.

1720

Trumpener, «War Premeditated?», 66–7; Bittner and Ubersberger, Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik, 739, 741.

1721

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 202–3.

1722

Bridge, Russia, 52.

1723

BD, т. IX, 135, 99; 147, 103; The Times, 27 июля 1914; Bark, «Июльские дни 1914 г.», 26; Bittner and Ubersberger, Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik, 759; Verhey, Spirit of 1914, 28–31.

1724

BD, т. XI, 162, 116; 245, 160–61.

1725

Renzi, «Italy's Neutrality», 1419–20.

1726

Там же, 1421–2.

1727

Hobhouse, Inside Asquith's Cabinet, 177.

1728

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 345.

1729

Afflerbach, «Wilhelm II as Supreme Warlord», 432.

1730

Игнатьев, Внешняя политика России, 1907–1914, 218–19.

1731

Geiss, July 1914, 283.

1732

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 171.

1733

Albertini, The Origins of the War, vol. II, 460–61.

1734

Vermes, Istv'an Tisza, 234.

1735

Rosen, Forty Years of Diplomacy, 163.

1736

Zweig, The World of Yesterday, 243–5.

1737

BD, т. XI, 270, 174; Poincaré, Au Service de la France, 368.

1738

Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 171.

1739

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 335–42; Turner, «The Russian Mobilization», 83.

1740

Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik, 345–7; Herwig, The Marne, 17.

1741

Lieven, Nicholas II, 199–200.

1742

Geiss, July 1914, 260–61.

1743

Там же.

1744

Bridge, Russia, 50; Turner, «The Russian Mobilization», 86.

1745

Там же, 87–8.

1746

Там же, 78; Geiss, July 1914, 291.

1747

Cimbala, «Steering through Rapids», 387.

1748

Bridge, How the War Began, 65–6; Bark, «Июльские дни 1914 г.», 31–2; Kleǐnmikhel», Memories of a Shipwrecked World, 202–3.

1749

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 204–5.

1750

Geiss, July 1914, 284–5; Fuller, Strategy and Power in Russia, 447; Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 168–9.

1751

Ekstein and Steiner, «The Sarajevo Crisis», 404; Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 347.

1752

Hankey, The Supreme Command, 154–6.

1753

Geiss, July 1914, 288–90.

1754

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 300–302; Geiss, July 1914, 296–7; Turner, «The Russian Mobilization», 86.

1755

Verhey, Spirit of 1914, 17–20.

1756

Там же, 53–6. 22. Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 151–2, 164, 168–9.

1757

Geiss, July 1914, 291–2, 308–9.

1758

Turner, «Role of General Staffs», 315.

1759

Там же.

1760

Austro-Hungarian Gemeinsamer Ministerrat, Protokolle des Gemeinsamen Ministerrates, 156–7.

1761

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. II, 669–70.

1762

Geiss, July 1914, 323.

1763

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 199–200; Hewitson, Germany and the Causes, 197; Turner, «Role of General Staffs», 314–15.

1764

Cecil, Wilhelm II, 204.

1765

BD, т. XI, 293, 185–6.

1766

BD, т. XI, 303, 193; Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, 293–4.

1767

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 140–3; Hazlehurst, Politicians at War, 84–7.

1768

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 349.

1769

BD, т. XI, 369, 228– 9.

1770

The Times, 29, 30 и 31 июля 1914.

1771

Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen, 280–81.

1772

Bach, Deutsche Gesandtschaftsberichte, 107.

1773

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 205.

1774

Там же, 208.

1775

Там же, 206.

1776

Herwig, «Imperial Germany», 95; Fischer, War of Illusions, 502–4.

1777

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 174; Verhey, Spirit of 1914, 59–60.

1778

Stone, «V. Moltke – Conrad», 216–17.

1779

Albertini, The Origins of the War, 670–71; Williamson, Austria-Hungary, 206–8.

1780

Stone, «V. Moltke – Conrad», 217.

1781

Afflerbach, «Wilhelm II as Supreme Warlord», 433n22.

1782

Verhey, Spirit of 1914, 46–50, 62–4, 68, 71; Stargardt, The German Idea of Militarism, 145–9.

1783

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 216–20.

1784

Groener, Lebenserinnerungen, 141–2, 145–6.

1785

Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke, 219–24.

1786

Там же, 223–4.

1787

Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor, 174–5.

1788

The Times, 1 августа 1914.

1789

BD, т. XI, 510, 283–5.

1790

Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, 295; Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 136–7; Brock and Brock, H. H. Asquith, 38.

1791

DDF, 3-й выпуск, 532, 424–5; BD, т. IX, 447, 260.

1792

Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 304.

1793

Williamson, Politics of Grand Strategy, 353n34; Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 304–5; Hazlehurst, Politicians at War, 88.

1794

Бодлианская библиотека Оксфордского университета, Papers of Sir Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe, MS Eng. E. 3020, 1–2.

1795

Bridge, Russia, 76–9.

1796

Воейков, С царем и без царя, 110.

1797

Lieven, Nicholas II, 203.

1798

Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 463–4.

1799

Там же, 465–7; Joll, The Second International, 162–6.

1800

Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurus, 469–72.

1801

Poincaré, Au Service de la France, 432–3.

1802

Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 174–7; Albertini, The Origins of the War, vol. III, 88–91.

1803

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. III, 85, 89; Krumeich, Armaments and Politics, 227.

1804

Albertini, The Origins of the War, т. III, 106–7; Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 180–82.

1805

Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 189.

1806

Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 147n82; Lichnowsky and Delmer, Heading for the Abyss, 422.

1807

Adam, Bonar Law, 170.

1808

Hazlehurst, Politicians at War, 96–7; Brock and Brock, H. H. Asquith, 145; Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 136ff.

1809

Hankey, The Supreme Command, 161–2; Hazlehurst, Politicians at War, 97–100.

1810

Geiss, July 1914, 231.

1811

Stengers, «Belgium», 152–5.

1812

Там же, 161–3.

1813

BD, т. XI, 670, 349–50; Tuchman, The Guns of August, 107–8; The Times, 4 августа 1914.

1814

Brock and Brock, H. H. Asquith, 150.

1815

Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. II, 12–13.

1816

Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, 296.

1817

Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. II, 20; Nicolson, Portrait of a Diplomatist, 305–6.

1818

Grey, Twenty-Five Years, т. II, 321–2; Wilson, The Policy of the Entente, 145–6; Великобритания, парламентские дебаты, палата общин, 5-й выпуск, т. LXV, 1914, cols 1809–34; The Times, 4 августа 1914.