Waterloo: June 18, 1815: The Battle for Modern Europe

INDEX

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Adam, Major–General Frederick 107

Allied regiments and armies: British Foot Guards 49; British Life Guards 36; Brunswickers 15–16, 57, 84, 95; Coldstream Guards 57; Cumberland Hussars 119; 11th Light Dragoons 94; 5th Line Regiment 87–8; 52nd Light Infantry 107; 1st Corps 101; 1st Foot Guards 15, 50, 59, 80–1, 106; 1st Light Infantry 57; 42nd Highland Regiment 123; 45th Line Regiment 69; Inniskilling Regiment 93; King’s German Legion (KGL) 22–3, 24, 49, 65, 79, 91, 92, 93, 104, 115, 131; Light Dragoons 70; 92nd Regiment 67; 95th Rifle Brigade 66, 93; Royal Dragoons 69; Royal Horse Artillery 102; Scots Greys 67, 70; 2nd Grenadier Regiment 97, 108–9; 2nd Guard Lancers 76; 2nd Light Battalion 115; 2nd North British Dragoons 69; 2nd Silesian Hussars 55; 7th Hussars 110; 76th Regiment of the Line 79; 16th Light Dragoons 16, 89; 3rd Foot Guards 57; 3rd Grenadiers 104, 105; Union and Household Brigades 68, 69 70, 70–1, 72, 76, 108

Alten, Major General Charles von 79

Arbuthnot, Harriet 40

Austerlitz, Battle of 84

Baring, Major Georg 65, 71, 89, 91, 92, 115

Bathurst, Henry, 3rd Earl 129

Becke, Captain A.F. 55, 64, 81, 86, 92, 100

Bédoyère, General Charles de la 100

Bellerophon, HMS 111

Bernhard, Prince 71

Berthier, Marshal Louis-Alexandre 27

Birth of the Modern, The (Johnson) 16

Blücher, Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von 20, 21, 23, 24, 25–6, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37. 40, 55, 56, 71, 99, 101, 104, 111, 113, 130, 131, 132

Boer War 15

Bonaparte, Jérôme 52, 54, 56

Bonaparte, Napoleon: ambition 16; artillery, use of 50, 52, 62–3, 119–20; attempts to punch a hole in the centre of Wellington’s line 93–8, 99–100; La Belle Alliance, attacks 103; bold planning 20–1; communication problems 27, 71–2, 94–5, 119; criticises Wellington’s tactics 39, 115; denies commanding Ney to order heavy cavalry attack 76, 78, 80, 118–19; effect of defeat upon 14; Elba, life on 19, 54, 73, 88, 115–16; escapes the battlefield to Paris and St Helena 110–11; frontal assaults, lack of concern over casualties resulting from 54, 119–20; gambler 72–3, 99–100; ill-health 54–5; Imperial Guard, orders attack of 99–103; Imperial Guard, refusal to commit 81, 94; infantry frontal assault, orders 63–5, 119; La Haye Sainte, battle for 108–9; lack of decisiveness 19; late start to battle 52; logistical problems 21; loyalty of troops 25–6; mistakes 52–3, 56, 64, 101, 113, 114, 115–21; mortal danger 82; motivation of troops 100–1; Ney, criticises 31, 35; orders 25, 30, 35, 88, 118; orders Imperial Guard retreat 109; orders Middle Guard to attack Wellington’s line 107–8; over- confidence 40–1; return from Elba 19; smallness of battlefield works against 53; splits forces 26–7; staff changes, problems with 27, 34–5, 38; strategic plans 29–30, 31, 32–3, 34–5, 53. 71. 93. 97, 103–4.129; support from French people 21; topography, use of 51–2, 62, 119; treason amongst troops 21–2, 25–6; troop numbers 20–1, 24, 94; Wellington, rivalry with 17

Borodino, Battle of 54

Bourmont, General Comte Louis 25, 26

Brack, Captain Fortune 76, 77, 126–8

Brussels 26, 28, 35, 39, 54, 77, 93

Bull, Captain Robert 58

Bülow, General Friedrich Wilhelm von 37, 63, 87, 93, 130, 131, 132

Busaco, Battle of 32

Byron, Lord 14, 28, 58

Cambronne, General Pierre-Jacques- Étienne 108, 109

Carlyle, Thomas 86–7

Chandler, Dr David 32

Charge!: Great Cavalry Charges of the Napoleonic Wars (Smith) 76, 126

Chassé, Baron David de 104, 105

Chesney, Colonel Charles 92

Christiani, General 108

Cleeves, Captain 104

Colborne, Sir John 107

Colville, Lieutenant-General Sir Charles 38

Congress of Vienna 121–2

Cotton, Sergeant-Major Edward 13, 50–1, 57, 92, 110, 120

Creevey, Thomas 23

Davout, Marshal Louis-Nicolas 20, 38

d’Erlon, Marshal Jean-Baptiste Drouet 32, 35, 59, 62, 63, 64–5, 66, 67, 68–9, 70, 71, 73, 75, 91, 93, 100, 102, 110, 116–17, 123

Desaix, General Louis 84

Desvaux, General 82

Diary of a Cavalry Officer (Tomkinson) 70

Dick, Major Robert 123–5

Dick, Dr William 123

Domon, General Jean-Simon 63

Donzelot, General François-Xavier 64, 65, 67

Drake, Sir Francis 114

Drouot, General Antoine 51–2, 82

Duhesme, General Philibert-Guillaume 109

Durutte, General Pierre-François-Joseph 64, 65, 67, 71, 100, 110

Duthilt, Captain 65

Ewart, Sergeant Charles 69

Farine, General 70

Fletcher, Ian 23, 55

Fouché, Joseph 110

Foy, General Maximilien-Sébastien 40, 41

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 20

Fraser, Sir William 123

Frazer, Lieutenant-Colonel Augustus 102, 108

Frederick of the Netherlands, Prince 38

French regiments and armies: Armée de Réserve 84; Armée du Nord 20, 21–2, 109, 113; Belgian and Dutch Light Dragoons 70; 1st Chasseurs 108, no; Grand Battery 52, 55, 62, 69, 72, 73. 75, 82, 118; Imperial Guard 33, 52, 81, 94, 95, 100, 101, 102–3, 107, 118, 129, 132; IV Cavalry Corps 40, 77; Middle Guard 99, 105–6, 107; Old Guard 97, 99; 2nd Chasseurs 108; 2nd Chevaux-légers Lancers of the Guard 126; 3rd Chasseurs 106; VI Corps 97–8; Young Guard Division 88, 94, 97

Friant, General Louis 103

Friedland, Battle of 25, 40, 64

Garcia Hernandez, Battle of 78, 79

Gardiner, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Robert 88, 89, 109

George III, King 22, 49

Gérard, Marshal Étienne-Maurice 72, 118

Gneisenau, General August Wilhelm Anton von 33, 89, 114

Golzio, Lieutenant-Colonel Baron 97

Graham, Corporal James 57–8

Graham, Corporal Joseph 57

Gronow, Ensign Howell Rees 15–16, 50, 59, 80–1, 82, 84, 85, 96, 106, 111

Grouchy, Marshal Emmanuel de 34–5, 37, 38, 39, 53, 63, 72, 89, 100, 101, 116, 117, 118

Guyot, Major-Colonel Claude-Etienne 80

Halkett, General Sir Colin 84, 95, 104, 105, 107

Hannibal 30

Harris, Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. William 125

Heymès, Colonel 92, 94

Hill, Paul 103

Hill, General Rowland 38–9

Hofschröer, Peter 113

Houssaye, Henri 92

Hugo, Victor 85–6, 87

Jackson, Andrew 22

Jacquinot, General 70

Jomini, General Antoine-Henri 13, 114

Keegan, Sir John 55

Kellerman, Marshal François-Christophe de 80, 82, 84

Kelly, Acting Quartermaster-General Major Dawson 96

Kempt, Major-General Sir James 67, 71, 95

Kennedy, Captain Alexander Clark 69

Kennedy, General Sir James Shaw 16–17, 55, 77–8, 79, 86, 92, 95–6

Kincaid, Captain John 62

Lambert, General Sir John 71

Lancey, Quartermaster-General Colonel Sir William de 114

Larrey, Dominique-Jean, Baron 54

Le Caillou (farmhouse) 40, 102, 110

Le Moniteur 34

Lefebvre-Desnoëttes, General Charles 77

Leipzig, Battle of 40

Lennox, Georgina 27, 28

Lloyd, Major William 104

Lobau, Marshal Georges Mouton, Comte de 63, 87, 97–8, 109

Longford, Countess Elizabeth 55

Louis XVIII, King 19

Louisiana Purchase (1804) 122

Macara, Sir Robert 123

Macdonneil, Colonel James 57, 58–9

Maitland, Major-General Peregrine 59

Marchand, Louis 54

Marcognet, General 67

Marengo, Battle of 25, 40, 84

Marmont, Marshal Auguste-Frédéric-Louis 84

Masséna, Marshal André 32

Mercer, Captain Alexander Cavalié 35–6, 83, 110

Michel, General 103

Milhaud, General Edouard-Jean-Baptiste 77, 79, 82, 86

Mithridates Eupator, King of Pontus 121

Mont St Jean 36, 40, 54, 57, 89, 100

Moore, Sir John 68

Muffling, General Philipp Friedrich Carl Ferdinand von 71, 88, 101

Murat, Marshal Joachim 38

Napier, Captain 106

Napoleon II, King of Rome 21

Napoleon: For and Against (Geyl) 95

Napoleonic Wars 14–15, 40, 63, 64, 66, 75, 78, 102

Nassau, Prince of 28

Ney, Marshal Michel 13, 26, 30, 31, 32, 34. 35. 61, 64, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 91, 93, 94, 100, 101–2, 103, 105, 110, 116, 117, 128

Notes on the Battle of Waterloo (Kennedy) 17

Ompteda, Colonel Christian Frederick William von 93

O’Neil, Charles 36–7, 80, 92, 94, 120

Orange, William, Prince of 28

Pack, Major-General Sir Denis 67

Pakenham, General Sir Edward 22

Peninsular War 27, 32, 36, 41, 49, 64, 65, 68, 78–9, 119

Phillips, Wendell 120–1

Picton, Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas 66, 67, 68, 71, 115

Ponsonby, Major-General Sir William 68, 69–70, 76, 126, 131

Powell, Lieutenant Captain Harry Weyland 106

Prussian army 23–4, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34–5. 37–8. 40, 52. 53. 62, 63, 71, 72, 87, 88, 93, 96, 97, 99, 101, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118

Quiot, General 67, 73

Ramsay, Major William Norman 105

Rebecque, General Constant 30

Reille, Marshal Honoré-Charles-Michel-Joseph 55, 56, 100, 102, 115

Reminiscences (Gronow) 80–1

Richmond, General Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of 27–8

Richmond, Charlotte, Duchess of 13, 114, 123, 124

Rogers, Brevet-Major 109

Roguet, General François 103, 108–9

Ropes, John 114

Ros, Lady de 28, 123

St Helena 14, 111, 116

Saltoun, Lieutenant-General Alexander George Fraser, 16th Baron 59

Scharnhorst, General Gerhard Johann David von 24

Schwerin, Graf von 55

Siborne, Captain William 92

Sobraon, Battle of 123

Somerset, Fitzroy 83

Somerset, General Lord Robert Edward Henry 68, 70, 86, 131

Soult, Marshal (Nicolas) Jean-de-Dieu 27, 41, 61, 64, 86, 114–15, 117

Subervie, General Jacques–Gervais 63

Suchet, Marshal Louis-Gabriel 38

Sunderland, University of 51

Tennyson, Alfred Lord 14

Thielmann, Lieutenant-General Johann Adolf von 89

Tomkinson, Captain William 16, 89

Uxbridge, Field Marshal Henry William Paget, 2nd Earl of 36, 68

Vandeleur, Major-General Sir John Ormsby 70, 88, 89, 102, 108

Vincke, Colonel von 67

Vivian, Major-General Sir Richard Hussey 88, 89, 102, 108, 109

Voice from Waterloo, A (Cotton) 13

von Bijlandt, Major–General Graf van 66, 67, 71

Wagram, Battle of 64

Waterloo, Battle of: Bois de Paris 88; Braine l’Alleud 53, 104; British reinforced by two Prussian corps 37–8; British retreat to Mont St Jean 35–7; casualties 67; Charleroi 21, 25, 27, 29, 35. 39. 40, 77. 93. 96–7. 127; chivalry 15–16; choice of battlefield 29; close-run battle 101; commencement 19–21, 55–6; Duchess of Richmond’s ball 13; Forest of Soignes 37–8, 40, 52, 72, 114; French accounts of 85–7; French defeated and flee 108–11; Frischermont château 50, 53, 87, 88; Gembloux 37, 38, 71; Genappe 36; Hal 38, 39, 40, 114, 115, 118, 131; historical accounts of 13–14; historical significance of 13–17, 121–2; Hougoumont 49, 50, 55–9, 75, 78, 82, 95, 97, 100–1, 103, 104, 106, 107; Imperial Guard attempts to break Wellington’s line 99–103; interaction of cavalry, infantry and artillery 61–2; La Belle Alliance 50, 89, 93–4, 102, 103, 105, 109, 111, 131; La Haye Sainte 49, 50, 53, 65, 71, 73, 75, 78, 86, 89, 91–3, 95, 97, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 120, 127, 130, 131; Ligny 30, 31–2, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 54, 62, 105, 113, 116–17, 120, 130, Lion Mound 103, 115; logistical problems 21, 27, 94–5; loyalty, worries on both sides about 23–4; lull in fighting 71; mud 51, 52, 65; Napoleon launches massive infantry assault under d’Erlon 63–73, 75; Ney leads heavy cavalry attack 75–87, 105; Ohain road 49, 51, 86, 106, 115, 131–2; Papelotte 51, 53, 65, 100; Plancenoit 88, 93, 97, 102, 109, 118; Prussian army arrives on battlefield 88–9; Quatre Bras 26, 29–32. 35–6, 39. 40, 66, 67, 76, 113, 116, 117, 120, 123, 130; ravine of death 86–7; sandpit 62–3, 66, 71, 93; size of battlefield 53–4; Smohain 99; soldiers’ letters 124–5, 126–8; Sombreffe 29, 30; squares 78, 80–1, 83, 84, 109, 127, 128; strategic and tactical errors 113–19; topography 49–51, 103; troop numbers 20–3, 24, 39–40, 82, 87–8, 119–20; Wavre 33–4, 37. 52 53. 66, 71–2, 89, 117, 120, 130; weather 38, 51–3; Wellington’s line, break opens up in 95–6

Waterloo (film, 1973) 86

Waterloo Ball, The (Fraser) 123

Waterloo Companion, The (Adkin) 39

Weller, Jac 39, 113–14, 116

Wellington, Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of: battle line and positioning 40–1, 49–50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 66, 86, 88–9, 115, 129–32; Blücher, communications with 26, 31; close-run battle, comments upon 120; communication problems 119; confidence 23; danger points in battle 93–6, 97–8; Duchess of Richmond’s ball, attends 27–9, 114; flexible defence 62; Forest of Soignes, chooses to fight in front of 40–1; Hal, leaves 17, 000 troops at 38–9, 114–15; head of Anglo-Allied armies, role as 20; Imperial Guard attack, reaction to 99–109; inexperienced staff, complains about 27; likens the description of a battle to a ball 13; mistakes 25, 29, 91, 113–15; mortal danger 81, 83, 96; Napoleon criticises tactics of 39; Napoleon, humbugged by 25, 29; Napoleon, rivalry with 17, 41; Napoleon, similarities with 30–1; Napoleonic tactics, criticises 65, 116; Ney’s cavalry charge, reaction to 78, 82; orders, interpretations of 76, 83; personal fighting 81, 83; Prussian retreat to Wavre, describes the importance of 33; Prussians, liaison with 71, 73, 88–9, 118, 131–2; reinforced 37–8; retreat to Mont St Jean 34, 35; strengthening of line, importance of 89, 131; topography, use of 30–2; troop numbers 21, 40; troops, lack of experience within 22, 24; turning point of battle, nominates the closing of the gates at Hougoumont as 57–9, 131; Uxbridge, relationship with 68–9; Waterloo despatch 129–32; Waterloo, chooses battlefield of 29–30, 115

Wheeler, Dennis 51

Wheeler, William 36

Whinyates, Brevet-Major Edward Charles 109

Zieten, Field Marshal Hans Ernest Karl von 25, 88–9, 99, 101, 114

Zulu War 14, 58