Hitlerland: American Eyewitnesses to the Nazi Rise to Power

INDEX

Abel, Theodore, 146–49

Abwehr, 297–98

Acheson, Dean, 14

Adlon Hotel, 7, 13, 83–84, 111, 113, 115, 117, 133, 138, 165, 172, 225, 231, 271, 281, 298, 300, 305

Air Club, 201–2, 204

Air Ministry, German, 172, 200–207, 289

Alexanderplatz Prison, 306, 315–16

Allen, Henry T., 17–18

America First, 207, 251, 309

American Athletic Union, 191

American Chamber of Commerce, 138, 162–63

American Federationist, 108

American Olympic Committee (AOC), 189–90

American Women’s Club, 231

And the Kaiser Abdicates (Bouton), 96

Angela (Hitler’s half-sister), 87

Anglo-Polish military alliance (1939), 261

Anschluss, 159, 225, 226, 227–28, 229, 236–37, 240, 252

anti-Semitism, 7–8, 11, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 33, 35, 37, 41, 59–62, 69, 73, 78–80, 85, 87, 90–104, 106, 108–12, 117, 118, 121, 122, 131, 134, 148, 149–150, 151, 153, 188, 189–91, 194, 206, 209, 210, 225, 227–28, 229, 231, 237, 243–46, 250, 254, 263–65, 268–69, 270, 271, 272, 294, 296, 302–4, 307, 308, 310, 316, 321, 327

Antona, Annetta, 60

Arbeitsdienst, 232–33

Arentz, Samuel, 228

Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 55, 113–18

army, German, 140, 157, 162, 163, 170, 216, 239, 246–51, 261, 267–69, 287

army, Soviet (Red Army), 295, 298–99, 310, 311–12

Army Counter-Intelligence Corps, U.S., 295

Arnhold, Hans, 91–92

Arthur (student), 72–73

Aryans, 111, 142, 145, 149, 179, 190, 223, 231, 243, 270, 294, 302–3

Associated Press (AP), 5, 18, 95–96, 119, 124, 171, 174, 192, 208, 242, 261, 268, 273, 283, 288, 302, 303, 314, 315, 318

Austin, Bunny, 66

Austria, 24, 43, 44–45, 54, 127, 128, 134, 158–59, 164, 170, 225, 226, 227–28, 229, 236–37, 240, 252, 262

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 40, 49, 162

Bad Nauheim, 317–21

Bad Nauheim Pudding, 319–20

Bad-Wiessee, 157–58

Baker, Josephine, 51–52

Baker, Newton, 119

Baldwin, Hanson W., 300

Baltimore Sun, 61, 95–96, 107

banking industry, 80, 91–92, 104, 114–115, 165–66

Bard, Joseph, 55

Baruch, Bernard, 205

Bavaria, 20–21, 23–25, 29, 53–55

BBC, 319

Beam, Alex, 7

Beam, Jacob, 7, 230–34, 238–41, 246, 252, 253, 261, 265, 280–81, 287, 304, 306, 325

Beard, Charles A., 120

Beck, Ludwig, 239, 249

Beer Hall Putsch (1923), 41–46, 53, 55, 68, 96, 104, 148, 157, 158, 173, 212, 242–43, 323–24

Belgium, 28, 116, 285

Bennett, Charles, 197–98

Berlin:

air defenses of, 263, 266, 272–73

bombing of, 244–45, 300–301, 320

as cultural center, 10–11, 20, 46–53, 56, 65–67

decadence of, 11, 19–20, 51–53, 73

economic conditions in, 9, 13–14, 20, 73–74, 77–78

nightlife of, 10, 48, 50–53, 177–85, 180, 192, 196, 273

political situation in, 9–13, 20, 23, 46–47

U.S. community in, 1–8, 50–52, 55–59, 61–62, 65–67, 73–74, 94, 97–98, 122–41, 149–55, 165–68, 225–26, 269–71, 273, 301–27

U.S. diplomatic staff in, 5, 7, 11–16, 19, 49–50, 62–63, 66–67, 121–22, 140–141, 215–19, 230–41, 244, 245–46, 260, 261, 262–67, 289, 303–4, 325

wartime conditions in, 244–45, 263, 266, 272–73, 300–301, 320

Berlin, University of, 1–2, 71, 137, 160, 182, 279

Berlin Alexanderplatz (Döblin), 78

Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent (Shirer), 308, 324

Berlin Embassy (Russell), 279

Berlin Olympics (1936), 188–96, 205, 224–25

Bertelli, C. F., 18, 19

Biddle, Anthony, 260

Billings, LeMoyne, 222–23

Birchall, Frederick, 167

blackouts, 266, 272–73, 315

blacks, 189, 190, 193–94

Blomberg, Werner von, 197

Boehmer, Karl, 286, 299

Boiling Point, The (Knickerbocker), 150–54

Bonn, Moritz, 114

Boston Herald, 31

Bouton, Betty, 98

Bouton, S. Miles, 61–62, 95–98, 99

Brandt, Karl, 114

Brecht, Bertolt, 10, 47, 106, 107

Breitmeyer, Arno, 190

Britain, Battle of, 297, 298, 300, 301

Broun, Heywood, 210

Brownshirts, see SA (Sturmabteilung)

Bruchman, R. C., 19

Brundage, Avery, 189, 190, 191, 193

Brüning, Heinrich, 64, 76, 85, 238

Brysac, Shareen Blair, 296–97

Bukhartsev (Soviet agent), 217–18

Bulgaria, 298–99

Bullitt, William, 237–38, 283

Bürgerbräukeller, 41–43

Carl Schurz Society, 141–42

Carr, Wilbur J., 29

Castle, William, 49

Catholic Church, 72, 76, 79, 122, 136, 142, 165, 167, 197, 209, 306

CBS, 132, 146, 225, 226–28, 241, 257, 258, 271–72, 286, 291, 301, 303, 307

Center Party, 64, 73, 76, 238

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 175, 325–26

Cercle Français, 298

Chamberlain, Neville, 225, 239, 240, 261, 289

Chancellery, 13, 115, 176–77, 211, 212, 228, 282

Chandler, Douglas, 294–96

Chandler, Laura, 295

Chicago, University of, 120, 121, 131, 137, 145, 217

Chicago Daily News, 4, 6, 11, 46, 52, 59, 73, 101, 269

Chicago Herald and Examiner, 56–57

Chicago Tribune, 1–2, 18, 101, 131, 158, 161, 171–72, 231, 290, 299

Christianity, 72, 76, 79, 122, 136, 142, 164–65, 167, 174, 197, 204, 209, 306

Christian Science Monitor, 270, 298, 309

Churchill, Winston S., 289, 301, 310, 313

Civil War, U.S., 139, 141

Coates, Paul, 263

Cohen, Harriet, 106–7

Cohn, Margarethe, 48

Columbia University, 15, 146, 147

Communism, 6, 11, 12–13, 21, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 58, 61, 68, 70, 74, 76, 79, 90, 94, 96, 98, 105, 109, 111, 116, 117, 121, 142, 146, 147, 150, 161, 166, 168–69, 197, 207, 210–11, 217–19, 229, 231–32, 250, 293, 295, 325

concentration camps, 29, 117, 123–24, 143, 180, 196, 213, 271, 290–91, 308

Congress, U.S., 17, 141–42, 168, 313, 321

Conquest, Robert, 6

Coolidge, Calvin, 49

Corwin, Norman, 79–80

Cosmopolitan, 83–84, 254

Cox, James M., 119

Crane, Charles R., 121

Crane, Sylvia, 180

Crocker, Harry, 176

Cuno, Wilhelm, 49

Cutler, Elliott Carr, 210

Czechoslovakia, 116, 225, 238–40, 246, 252, 254–55, 258, 261, 295, 325, 326

D’Abernon, Lord, 54

Dachau concentration camp, 29, 263, 264

Dahlberg, Edward, 109

Daladier, Edouard, 225, 239, 240

Dallek, Robert, 216

Danzi, Michael, 10–11, 56

Danzig, 151–52, 258, 259

Davis, Edward, 23

Davison, Harry, 204, 206

Dawes, Charles G., 50, 63

Dearborn Independent, 60

Delaney, Edward, 292–93, 295

Denmark, 271, 277, 279–80

De Profundis (Wilde), 307

Deuel, Wallace, 232, 245

de Vries, Carla, 192

Dieckhoff, Hans, 114, 128

Diels, Rudolf, 127–28, 180–81

Die Taverne restaurant, 122–23, 132, 181–82, 260, 305, 319

Dietrich, Marlene, 10

Dietrich, Otto, 283

Dilling, Elizabeth, 231–32

Dillon, Vivian, 61

Döblin, Alfred, 78

Dodd, Bill, 121, 134, 135, 136, 145, 156, 159

Dodd, Martha, 120–21, 130–36, 141, 155–56, 159–60, 177–85, 193, 209, 215, 217–19, 296, 325–26

Dodd, William E., 120–22, 126–27, 129, 135, 137–41, 156, 157, 159–60, 179, 180, 181, 190, 205, 209, 215–19, 234–35

Dollfuss, Engelbert, 158–59, 164

Drang nach Osten (“Drive to the East”), 225

Drey, Paul, 27–28, 43

Drottningholm, 322

Drummond-Hay, Lady, 57

Drummond-Hay, Robert Hay, 57

DuBois, W. E. B., 6, 193–94

Dyer, Jane, 278

East Prussia, 70–71, 259

Ebbutt, Norman, 136, 231

Eberstadt, Ferdinand, 63–64

Eddy, Sherwood, 141–43

Einstein, Albert, 10, 49

Elmer Gantry (Lewis), 56

Embassy, Soviet, 181–82

Embassy, U.S., 5, 7, 11–16, 49–50, 62–63, 70, 95, 103, 118–22, 159, 172, 199–200, 215–19, 230–41, 244, 245–46, 252, 253, 257, 260, 262–67, 276, 277–79, 296, 298, 300–301, 302, 303–4, 307, 312, 313, 316–22, 325

Enderis, Guido, 286

Europe, Central, 8, 93, 152, 298–99

Every Man Dies Alone (Fallada), 183

Experiment in International Living, 144

Express Poranny, 151

Facts of Life, The (Smith), 26

Fallada, Hans, 85, 182–83

Familienblatt, 122

Farrar, John, 83–84

fascism, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 106, 144–49

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 314

Flanner, Janet, 192

Flannery, Henry, 286, 291–92, 301, 303

Foe We Face, The (Huss), 309–10

Ford, Henry, 28, 41, 60–61

Foreign Affairs, 55, 113, 114, 115

Foreign Ministry, German, 107, 114, 123, 136, 179, 233, 272, 289, 293, 305, 314, 316, 317

Foreign Policy Association, 104, 110, 229

Foreign Press Association, 101, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128

“For the Best Personal Life History of an Adherent of the Hitler Movement,” 147–49

France:

appeasement policy of, 235, 239–40, 254–55

defeat of, 257, 287–88, 289

German relations with, 5, 80–81, 139, 140, 154, 171, 199–200, 217, 282, 283

military forces of, 80–81, 116

Polish invasion and, 261, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273

in World War II, 257, 261, 267, 272, 282

Frankfurt, 317, 319, 321

Freisler, Roland, 270

Frick, Wilhelm, 189

Friday, David, 63

Friedrich Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 18–19

Frodel, Captain, 213–14

Fromm, Bella, 65–67, 92–94, 105, 131–132, 142, 159, 162–63, 176–77, 205, 209–10

Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 47

Gandhi, Mohandas K., 161

Garmisch, 164–65

Gdynia, 259, 267

Geist, Raymond, 191

German Americans, 18–19, 29–32, 35, 38, 130, 141–42

German Expressionism, 47–48

German language, 14, 38, 62, 100, 104, 121, 122, 126, 141, 163, 242, 279

German Nationalists, 54, 55, 105–6

German Olympic Committee, 189

German-Polish nonaggression pact (1934), 253

Germany, Nazi:

agriculture in, 146, 312

arrests and imprisonments in, 54, 105, 106, 109, 110, 122–24, 125, 127–28, 156, 263–65, 271–72, 290–91, 296–298, 305–7, 313–22

Austrian unification, see Anschluss

birth rate of, 270, 291–92

bombing of, 224, 244–45, 292, 300–301, 320

book burnings in, 107, 147

British relations with, 69, 169, 217, 254, 256, 258, 261, 282, 283, 284

casualties of, 262, 268–69, 273, 301–2

censorship in, 226–28, 271–72, 284, 304–8, 318, 319–20

culture of, 10–11, 20, 46–53, 56, 65–67, 118, 145–49, 153–54, 162, 175–76, 308–9, 315–16

disillusionment with, 205–6, 221–25, 230–33, 244–46, 255

eastward expansion of, 225, 229, 237

economy of, 115, 137, 146, 166, 199, 224, 274, 290, 296, 312

executions in, 165, 297–98, 307

foreign visitors to, 222–25, 230–31, 241–46, 270–72

French relations with, 5, 80–81, 139, 140, 154, 171, 199–200, 217, 282, 283

international criticism of, 132–36, 141–154, 164–68, 171–72, 205–6, 231–32

military preparations of, 153–54, 196–207, 221–22, 230, 237–38, 246–51, 256–58, 261, 280–81, 327

morale in, 266–67, 269, 274–78, 280–281, 289–91, 301–2

nationalism in, 230–31

plebiscite in, 164, 169–70, 176

Poland invaded by, 80–81, 116, 151–52, 246, 248, 257–74, 284, 301

press coverage in, 106–8, 109, 113–18, 122, 135–36, 188–96, 259, 260–61, 279, 301

propaganda in, 107, 123–24, 128, 145, 158, 171, 172–75, 188–96, 200–209, 224, 232–33, 259, 262–63, 269, 272, 274–75, 279–82, 284, 289–96, 301, 305, 306, 312

rationing in, 165, 257, 261, 271, 273, 275–77, 280, 290, 318

secret police in, 106, 109, 122, 163, 167–168, 171–72, 243–44; see also Gestapo

Soviet intelligence on, 181–84, 197, 296–98, 325–26

Soviet Union compared with, 150, 166, 182, 260, 274

Soviet Union invaded by, 66, 229, 291, 295, 297, 298–300, 309–12

surveillance in, 143–44, 171–72, 196–97, 269–70, 271, 276, 296–98, 305–7

U.S. apologists for, 292–96, 324

U.S. citizens attacked in, 109–10, 138, 139–40, 145

U.S. correspondents in, 1–2, 4, 6, 65–67, 73, 122–29, 132–34, 158, 163–68, 172–75, 208–9, 225–28, 269–71, 275, 284–85, 304–10, 313–22, 324–25

U.S. diplomats in, 113–14, 118–20, 137–41, 159–60, 196–207, 215–19, 230–35, 252–53, 275, 313–22

U.S. intelligence on, 196–207, 216, 246–251, 280–81, 298–99

U.S. relations with, 108–12, 118–22, 137–41, 166, 168–69, 181, 189–94, 200, 210–11, 215–19, 222–25, 230–238, 245–46, 252–53, 261, 280–81, 292, 326–27

in World War II, see World War II

see also Nazis, Nazi Party

Germany, Weimar, see Weimar Republic

Germany Puts the Clock Back (Mowrer), 100, 122, 251–52

Germany Will Try It Again (Schultz), 2, 291

Gestapo, 127–28, 156–57, 180–81, 263–265, 269–70, 280, 290–91, 296–98, 302–7, 314–16, 319, 322

Gibbs, Philip, 153–54

Gleiwitz, 262, 268

Goebbels, Joseph, 79, 90–91, 107, 118, 123, 160, 166, 179, 189, 211–12, 242, 249, 271, 279–80, 290, 293, 324

Goebbels, Magda, 179, 211

Goering, Emmy Sonnemann, 172, 202–3

Goering, Hermann, 43, 80, 150, 158, 166, 169, 172, 193, 200, 202–3, 205, 206–7, 214, 229, 242, 249, 265–66, 274–75, 283, 289, 324

Goldman, Henry, 111

Goldmann, Paul, 127–28

Goldschmidt, Major, 227

Gordon, George, 95

Graf Zeppelin, 56–58

Graszyn, 268–69

Great Britain:

appeasement policy of, 235, 239–40, 254–55

German relations with, 69, 169, 217, 254, 256, 258, 261, 282, 283, 284

Germany’s planned invasion of, 254, 256, 287, 298, 299

Polish invasion and, 257, 258, 260, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273

U.S. relations with, 2, 254, 274, 283, 284, 299, 310, 313

in World War II, 257, 258, 260, 266, 267, 272, 274, 282, 298, 299, 310, 313, 320, 326

Great Depression, 50, 63–67, 70, 77–78, 96, 118, 161, 220

Greece, 298–99

Grigg, Joseph, 268, 269

Groener, Wilhelm, 103

Grossman, Vasily, 312

Grosz, George, 10, 49

Gruenau, 316–17

Gunther, John, 40, 257–58

Haber, Fritz, 137

Hague Convention, 287

Halder, Franz, 239

Halpern, Benjamin, 210

Hamburg, 121, 122, 244, 274

Hanfstaengl, Egon, 37, 44, 46, 326

Hanfstaengl, Eric, 326

Hanfstaengl, Ernst “Putzi,” 29–39, 41–46, 80, 81–83, 86, 101–4, 110, 115, 117, 133–36, 141, 146, 175, 176–78, 179, 196, 208–15, 295, 313, 323–24, 326

Hanfstaengl, Helen (Helene) Niemeyer, 36–39, 43–46, 81–82, 212, 323–24, 326

Hanfstaengl, Katharine Sedgwick, 30

Hans (labor organizer), 77–78

Harnack, Arvid, 182, 218, 296–97

Harnack, Mildred, 182–83, 218, 296–98

Harsch, Joseph, 270–72, 275, 280–81, 289–90, 298, 303–4, 309

Harvard University, 29, 30–31, 33, 40–41, 86, 208, 210, 211, 222, 326

Haushofer, Karl von, 93

Hawley, Hudson, 135

Hearst, William Randolph, 18, 19, 21, 56–58, 163, 171, 175–77, 193, 208, 209, 254

Heath, Donald, 296, 300–301

Hecht, Ben, 11, 32, 52, 59–60

Hegger, Grace, 55–56

Heidelberg, 79–80, 143–44, 221, 224

Heidelberg University, 62

Heine, William, 30

Heines, Edmund, 157–58

Helms, Richard, 175, 194, 325–26

Hemingway, Ernest, 55, 107, 161

Henderson, Nevile, 261, 265

Heppler, Fritz, 303

Hess, Rudolf, 80, 242, 249

Himmler, Heinrich, 170, 242, 315

Hindenburg, Paul von, 54–55, 75–76, 85, 93, 94–95, 97, 102, 104, 140, 157, 162, 164, 233

Hitler, Adolf, 43–44, 88, 169–70, 236

anti-Semitism of, 22, 24, 28, 33, 35, 37, 41, 60–61, 69, 85, 87, 96–101, 111–112, 149–50, 151, 225, 229, 250, 254, 310

Armstrong’s interview with, 114–18

arrest and imprisonment of, 34, 45–46, 53–55, 68, 81, 84, 97, 148, 323–24

assassination plots against, 170, 174, 238–40, 249, 323

background of, 21–22, 24, 36, 54, 82–83, 85, 87, 88, 174–75, 236

Beer Hall Putsch led by, 41–46, 53, 55, 68, 96, 104, 148, 157, 158, 173, 212, 242–43, 323–24

Berchtesgaden retreat of, 86–88

Berlin visited by, 3, 11, 84–85, 101, 104–105, 176–78

birthday of, 113, 115, 256

bodyguards of, 170, 174, 177, 192

as chancellor, 89–90, 94–106, 115–18, 146, 162–63

death of, 288, 323–24

as dictator, 3, 5, 6, 11, 22, 26, 71, 75–76, 84, 87–88, 90, 104–5, 114, 119–20, 138–39, 144–55, 162–63, 172–77, 205–6, 208, 220–22, 228–30, 232, 253–55, 265–66, 288, 308, 323–24

Dodd’s meetings with, 138–41, 215

economic programs of, 60, 68, 104–5, 115, 137, 146, 165–66

Hanfstaengl’s support for, 33, 34–39, 43–46, 81–83, 84, 86, 101–2, 115, 117, 176–78, 208–15, 313, 323–24, 326

Hearst’s meeting with, 175–77

Hoover’s meeting with, 228–30

Huss’s interviews with, 169–71, 309–10

ideology of, 21, 35–36, 37, 41, 53–54, 60, 95, 97, 100–101, 111–12

Iron Cross awarded to, 42, 236

at Kaiserhof Hotel, 84–85, 101, 177–78

Kaltenborn’s interview with, 86–88

Kindlkeller speech of, 33, 34–36

Lebensraum policy of, 93, 237, 250

as “Little Man,” 85, 97, 100, 167–68

McDonald’s meeting with, 111–12

messianic adulation of, 149, 153, 164–65, 167–68, 173–74, 192, 197, 204, 288

militarism of, 119–20, 125, 140, 152–54, 252–55, 327

military offensives of, 251–55, 261, 265–66, 267, 279–82, 284–88, 289, 298–300, 309–12

military service of, 21–22

monologues of, 80–81, 85, 87–88, 96, 115–18, 138–39, 228–29, 230

in Munich, 3, 20–29, 33–39, 40, 41–46, 67–70, 92, 140–41

as Nazi leader, 3–4, 20–29, 32–33, 41–46, 53–55, 73, 74–77, 80–81, 87–95, 100, 119–20, 127, 141, 142, 149, 162, 169, 172–75, 208, 242–43, 265–66, 275, 288, 305, 323–24

at Nuremberg rallies, 172–75, 176

Obersalzberg chalet of, 169–71

as orator, 22, 24, 33, 34–36, 37, 40, 53–54, 76, 95, 119–20, 253, 265–66, 289–90, 312–13, 316

Papen’s relationship with, 89, 94–95, 104–5

parliamentary democracy opposed by, 68–69, 87–88, 96–97, 146–47, 222, 226, 229, 253–54

peace proposals of, 116, 119–20, 124, 140, 146, 151–52, 154, 226, 273, 282, 289–90

personality of, 3–4, 21–22, 23, 24, 26, 33–39, 40, 42, 75, 80, 81–82, 83, 85, 87–88, 100–101, 108–9, 112, 116, 169–71, 174–75, 177–79, 208, 228–29, 230, 233–34, 236, 254, 282, 288, 309–10

photographs of, 138, 236, 282, 294, 315

physical appearance of, 21, 34, 40, 85, 112, 115–16, 138, 173–74, 178–79, 236, 265, 282

political comeback of, 64, 67–88, 96–97, 100–101

political repression by, 89–95, 105–10, 119–20, 122–29, 139, 141–60, 165–67

as politician, 3–4, 20–29, 70–71, 73, 75–77, 79, 238–40, 254–55, 288

popular support for, 75, 97, 99–101, 238, 269–70, 275, 280–81, 282, 288, 289–90, 308–9

press coverage of, 20–22, 24–25, 33, 36, 39–40, 41, 42, 46, 60, 67–70, 71, 74–75, 82–86, 95–98, 101, 114–18, 139, 254

rearmament program of, 74, 75, 116, 119–20, 140, 146, 152, 196–207, 221–22

as revolutionary extremist, 41–46, 53–54, 71, 81, 82, 84, 87–88, 94–95, 97, 112, 157, 162–63, 166–67, 170–71, 206

Rhineland occupation ordered by, 251–52

rise to power of, 3–4, 20–29, 33–39, 46, 71, 73, 74–75, 84, 89–112, 144–49, 157, 233, 323–24, 327

rivals eliminated by, 76–77, 155–63

Sackett’s meeting with, 80–81

sexuality of, 44, 75, 81–82, 177–78

Smith’s meetings with, 7, 22–26, 27, 32–33, 35, 196, 197–98, 281

suicide attempt of, 45, 46, 212, 323–24

tantrums and tirades of, 228–29, 230

territorial ambitions of, 80, 171, 237, 238–40, 279–80

Thompson’s interview with, 83–86, 164

underestimation of, 83–88, 89, 90, 96–97

U.S. as viewed by, 2, 8, 56, 60, 210–11

Versailles Treaty denounced by, 80, 96, 116, 138–39, 252, 287

Welles’s meeting with, 281–82

Wiegand’s meetings with, 20–22, 67–70, 71, 254

at Wolf’s Lair, 309–10

women as followers of, 35, 97–98, 130–141, 153–54, 173, 177–81, 192–93, 195, 196, 201, 231–32, 291–92

Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth), 153, 224, 290, 294

“Hitlerland,” 169, 284, 292, 300, 309

Hitler’s Reich: The First Phase (Armstrong), 117–18

Hoetzsch, Otto, 137

Hoffmann, Rolf, 232

Holocaust, 3, 7–8, 29, 60, 117, 123–24, 143, 180, 196, 212, 213, 271, 290–91, 308

homosexuality, 52–53, 75, 82, 157–58, 196, 290–91

Hoover, Herbert, 6, 118, 228–30, 237

Hopkins, Harry, 283

“Horst Wessel Song,” 135, 233, 242–43

Hottelet, Richard, 272, 305–7

Houghton, Alanson B., 20, 22, 27, 49–50, 62

How I Became a Socialist (Keller), 107

Huber, Erwin, 195

Hugenberg, Alfred, 104–5

Hughes, Charles Evans, 27

Hull, Cordell, 191, 237, 239, 240

Hungary, 298–99

Huss, Pierre, 169–71, 286, 288, 305, 309–10

hyperinflation, 9, 41–42, 49, 65, 91

I Have a Thing to Tell You (Wolfe), 185–87

Illustrierter Beobachter, 98

Inside Europe (Gunther), 258

International Jew, 60

International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU), 77

International News Service, 39–40, 132, 169, 193, 286, 305, 309

I Saw Hitler! (Thompson), 84–86

Isherwood, Christopher, 11

Italy, 21, 26, 47, 106, 161, 223, 270–71, 280

It Can’t Happen Here (Lewis), 168–69

Jäckh, Ernst, 114

Japan, 126, 127, 128, 312–13

Jarrett, Eleanor Holm, 192–93

Jefferson, Thomas, 137, 138

Jeschke’s Grand Hotel, 317–18

Jesus Christ, 164–65, 174, 204

Jews:

as emigrants from Germany, 227–28, 245–46, 263–65, 272, 296, 321

persecution of, 108, 110–11, 225, 227–228, 237, 243–46, 263–65, 271, 272, 296, 302–4, 307, 308, 316, 321, 327

in U.S., 78–79, 189–91, 210

in Weimar Germany, 61–62, 65, 66, 78–79, 91–92

see also anti-Semitism; Holocaust

Jodl, Alfred, 248

Jodl, Ferdinand, 248

Johnson, Philip, 6, 52–53

Jordan, Max, 241

Josten, Rudi, 192

Judas, 164–65

Justice Department, U.S., 31–32

Kahr, Gustav von, 158

Kaiserhof Hotel, 84–85, 101, 177–78

Kaltenbach, Adolph, 293–94

Kaltenbach, Frederick, 293–94, 295

Kaltenborn, Hans V., 86–88, 109–10, 293

Kaltenborn, Rolf, 109–10

Kapp, Wolfgang, 12

Kapp Putsch, 12, 16

Kastner, Colonel, 213

Keller, Helen, 107

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 62

Kennan, George, 3, 4, 273, 274, 275, 277, 303–4, 311, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318, 319–21

Kennedy, John F., 222–23, 295–96

Kennedy, Joseph P., Sr., 223, 253–54

Keyes, Enid, 71–74

Kiepura, Jan, 177

Kirk, Alexander, 273, 276, 281, 289, 301, 304

Klausener, Erich, 167

Klieforth, Alfred, 80, 104

Knickerbocker, Hubert Renfro, 39–40, 46, 55, 67, 73–75, 77, 105, 106, 107, 110, 123–24, 127, 129, 149–54, 174, 257

Knilling, Eugen von, 23

Knox, Frank, 126, 128–29

Koenig, Theodore, 199, 201, 204

Korotkov, Alexander, 297

Kress von Kressenstein, Friedrich Freiherr, 24

Kriegsakademie (German War College), 246–51

Kristallnacht, 225, 243–46, 281

Kuibyshev, 312

Ku Klux Klan, 41, 78, 91–92

Large, David Clay, 191

League of Nations, 110, 138–39, 151, 169–71

Ledig-Rowohlt, Heinrich Maria, 182–83, 185

Lend-Lease Act (1941), 299

Leverich, Henry, 232–33

Lewald, Theodor, 189–90

Lewis, Sinclair, 6, 55–56, 61–62, 83, 86, 106, 164, 168–69

Ley, Robert, 291

Liebeswalzer, 48

Life, 300

Lincoln, Abraham, 30

Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 200, 202, 205–206, 309

Lindbergh, Charles, 6, 200–207, 250, 251, 309

Lipski, Józef, 265

Lisbon, 321–22, 326

Little, Richard Henry, 2

Little Man, What Now? (Fallada), 183

Lochner, Betty, 119, 137, 174

Lochner, Hilde, 102, 115, 179, 315, 317–18

Lochner, Louis, 5, 86–88, 89, 90, 95, 98, 102–3, 107, 115, 119–20, 137, 156, 158, 171, 174–75, 178, 179, 208, 215, 242, 256–57, 261, 268–69, 273, 283, 284, 285, 286–87, 288, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319

Lochner, Robert, 178–79

Loehr, Alexander, 268

London, 10, 227–28, 301

Look Homeward, Angel (Wolfe), 184

Louis Ferdinand, Prince, 179

Louvain, 285, 286

Lovell, John, 298–99, 302

Ludecke, Kurt, 11, 85–86

Ludendorff, Erich, 22, 25, 42–43, 44, 53, 54, 104, 323

Ludwigshafen, 17

Lufthansa, 201, 213–15

Luftwaffe, 158, 199, 200–207, 216, 218, 238–39, 246, 267, 274–75, 297, 302, 305

bombing campaign by, 285–86, 301, 308

Luther, Hans, 137, 165

Maass, Emil, 227

McDonald, James G., 104, 110–12, 113, 114

MacDonald, Ramsay, 106–7

MacLeish, Archibald, 14

Maginot Line, 269, 272

Mahoney, Jeremiah, 191

Malitz, Bruno, 189

Mann, Henry, 156–57

Manstein, Erich von, 240

Marshall, George C., 198, 205, 251

Marwell, David, 214

Marxism, 11, 21, 25, 68, 98, 107

Mehnert, Lars, 71, 72

Mein Kampf (Hitler), 4, 54, 85, 95, 133, 153, 226

Messersmith, George, 93, 102, 103, 108–9, 113–14, 127, 128, 129, 138, 180–81, 190–91, 209, 235, 252–53, 325

Meyer, Professor, 140–41

Miller, Douglas, 238

Moffat, Jay Pierrepont, 240, 252–53, 257

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 260

Mooney, James D., 283–84

Morris, Glenn, 195–96

Morris, Leland, 304, 312, 316, 318–19, 321

Morris, Wright, 143–44

Morrison, C. M., 73

Moscow, 311–12

Mowrer, Diana Jane, 100

Mowrer, Edgar Ansel, 4, 6, 46–47, 49, 51, 53–54, 55, 59, 63, 70–73, 76, 91–92, 99–101, 103–4, 106, 109, 110, 122–129, 209, 230, 251, 272, 325

Mowrer, Lilian, 47–49, 55, 56, 58, 59, 63, 70–71, 99, 103, 110, 122–23, 125, 127, 128, 129

Muckermann, Hermann, 238–39

Muenster, 286–87, 288

Münchner Neueste Nachrichten, 24

Munich, 3, 11, 20–29, 33–39, 40, 41–46, 67–70, 92, 108, 140–41, 157, 175–176, 214, 223, 225, 242–43, 326

Munich, University of, 140–41

Munich Agreement (1938), 235, 239–40, 253, 258

Murphy, Robert, 23–24, 27–29, 43, 54

Murrow, Edward R., 6, 225

Mussolini, Benito, 21, 75, 139, 223, 236, 253

Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 288, 311

Nation, 125

Naval Agreement (1935), 253

navy, German, 204, 253, 267

Nazi Dictatorship (Schuman), 145–49

Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936 (Large), 191

Nazis, Nazi Party:

academic research on, 145–49

in coalition government, 75, 76–77, 89–90, 92–95, 104–6

Communists attacked by, 11, 21, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 61, 68, 70, 76, 79, 90, 94, 96, 98, 105, 109, 111, 116, 117, 142, 146, 147, 168–69, 197, 210–11, 229, 231–32, 250, 293, 295

in education, 72–73, 100

factions in, 76–77, 90, 93–94, 155–63, 164, 166–67, 180–81, 211–12

financial support for, 41, 91–93, 95

flags of, 72, 99, 109–10, 134, 164, 227

Heil Hitler greeting of, 134, 138, 153, 168, 178–79, 228, 249

leadership of, 4, 80, 98, 108, 117–18, 153–63, 164, 166, 170–71, 208–15, 274–75, 324; see also specific leaders

“martyrs” of, 43, 173, 242–43

moderate wing of, 76–77, 90, 93–94, 156

Munich as center of, 11, 23–25, 29, 41–46

mysticism in, 146, 164–65, 167–68, 173–74, 197

paramilitary forces of, 24, 25, 70–71, 81, 99–100, 108, 119–20; see also SA (Sturmabteilung) and SS (Schutzstaffel)

party congresses of, 4, 172–75, 176

political influence of, 20–29, 54–55, 64, 67–88, 90–97, 101–6, 118

popular support for, 1–8, 15–16, 71–80, 90–91, 144–49, 164–66

press coverage of, 24–25, 98, 102, 103–4

propaganda of, 25, 40–41, 82–83, 90–91, 98, 102, 103–4, 107, 108, 109–112, 134

rallies of, 71–72, 79, 90–91, 104, 113, 128–29, 190, 222, 227, 232, 233–34, 242–43, 288

Reichstag seats of, 54, 55, 71, 75–76, 90, 94, 95, 96–97, 101–2, 105–6, 118

salute of, 72, 109–10, 122, 138, 139–140, 145, 153, 157, 173, 178–79, 289–90

songs of, 71, 135, 233, 242–43, 289

student support for, 72–73, 79–80

uniforms of, 102, 103, 115, 197, 294

U.S. response to, 2, 3–5, 7, 8, 20–29, 32–46, 56, 60, 69, 80–81, 86, 89, 97–98, 111–12, 137–41, 210–11, 228–30, 252–55, 280–82, 289, 312–13, 316, 326–27

violent repression by, 99, 105, 108–20, 122–29, 141–60

see also Germany, Nazi

Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939), 260–61, 296

Netherlands, 199, 264, 285

Neuman, Hans, 263–65

Neurath, Konstantin von, 123, 137, 138

New Republic, 185

Newsweek, 6

New York American, 21, 68

New York Evening Post, 40, 55, 75

New York Herald Tribune, 200

New York Times, 167, 176, 273, 286

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 36

Night of the Long Knives, 155–63, 164, 166–67, 181, 211, 212, 215

NKVD, 217–19

Norway, 279–80, 284–85

Nuremberg, 4, 128–29, 134–36, 172–75, 190, 222, 223, 227, 232

Nuremberg Trials, 239, 248

Oberammergau, 164–65

Oechsner, Dorothy and Fred, 276–77

Of Time and the River (Wolfe), 184

Olympia, 195

Operation Barbarossa, 299–300

Operation Sealion, 298

Ossietzky, Carl von, 124

Otto (German journalist), 166–67

Owens, Jesse, 193–94

Papen, Franz von, 76, 89, 98, 158–60

Paris, 10, 47, 51–52, 53, 161–62, 163, 164, 167, 288, 289

Parsons, Marselis, 234

Pattern of Conquest (Harsch), 309

Patzak, Valentin, 318

Pearl Harbor attack (1941), 8, 309, 312–313

Perkins, Max, 184

Philadelphia Public Ledger, 40, 55, 73

Phillips, William, 215–16

Phipps, Eric, 140

Pihl, Charlotte, 305

Pihl, Paul, 305

Pius XII, Pope, 207

Plettl, Martin, 94

Plotkin, Abraham, 77–79, 90–91, 94, 108

Poland, 6–7, 80–81, 116, 151–52, 198, 217, 246, 248, 257–74, 284, 301, 325

Polish Army, 6–7, 267, 268

Polish Corridor, 80–81, 267

Portugal, 321–22, 326

Prague, 258, 295, 325, 326

Prenn, Daniel, 66

Press Club, 305–6

Propaganda Ministry, German, 109–10, 158, 262, 271, 272, 286, 293, 306, 307

prostitution, 73, 78, 192, 273, 274

Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, 60

racism, 17–18, 41, 78, 91–92, 189, 193–94

radio broadcasts, 271–72, 275, 279–80, 292–96, 305, 307–8, 319, 326

Raeder, Erich, 2, 4

Randolph, John, 223–24

Randolph, Margaret, 223–24

Rath, Anna, 135–36

Rathenau, Walter, 61

Raubal, Geli, 82–83

Rauschning, Hermann, 151

refugees, 6–7, 106–8, 110, 114, 125, 137, 227–28, 245–46, 263–65, 272, 296, 321

Reichenau, Walther von, 287

Reichsbank, 91, 104, 114–15

Reichstag, 48, 50, 54–55, 63, 64, 71, 75–76, 90, 94, 95, 96–97, 101–2, 105–6, 118, 119, 137, 253, 289, 312–13, 316

Reichstag fire (1933), 105, 106

Reichswehr, 23, 157, 163, 179, 226

Remarque, Erich Maria, 106, 107

Respondek, Erwin, 238–39

Reynolds, Quentin, 132–36

Rheinbabin, Rochus von, 197

Rhineland, 16–18, 199, 251–52

Rhine River, 16, 223, 272

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 260, 265, 281–282, 284, 316

Riddleberger, James, 233

Riefenstahl, Leni, 195–96

Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, The (Shirer), 7, 293, 324–25

Robbins, Warren, 29

Rockefeller, John D., 62

Röhm, Ernst, 157–60, 161, 163, 164, 165

Romania, 298–99

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 31, 118–22, 137, 139, 142, 205, 209, 210–11, 217, 231, 236, 237, 246, 249, 251, 252, 281, 283–84, 293, 294, 298, 299, 305, 310, 313, 316, 326

Roosevelt, Nicholas, 32

Roosevelt, Theodore, 31

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 31

Root, Elihu, 31

Roper, Daniel, 120

Rosenberg, Alfred, 25, 36, 153, 175

Rosenman, Samuel I., 191

Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra), 296–98

Rousseau, Ted, 321

Royal Air Force (RAF), 272–73, 297, 298, 300–301

Royal Navy, 274, 284

Ruhr Valley, 16–18, 28, 139, 148

Russell, William, 262–67, 268, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277–80, 325

SA (Sturmabteilung), 24, 41, 42–43, 60, 70–71, 76, 99–100, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108–10, 113, 128, 134–36, 138, 139–40, 151, 152, 155–63, 164, 211, 238, 242–43, 264, 291–92

Sackett, Frederic M., 66–67, 80–81, 90, 93, 95, 105, 118–19

Sahm, Heinrich, 126

St. Germain, Treaty of, 237

Saint-Trond, 285–86

Sandburg, Carl, 130–31

San Francisco Examiner, 42

Saturday Evening Post, 83

Sayre, Francis B., 245

Schacht, Hjalmar, 91, 104, 114–15, 126

Scheubner-Richter, Max Erwin von, 25, 43, 323

Schirmer, Hans, 293

Schleicher, Kurt von, 76–77, 89–90, 93–95, 156, 158, 159, 166

Schleswig-Holstein, 267

Schmidt, Paul, 314

Schmidt, Willi, 167

Schröder, Kurt von, 94

Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der, 66

Schultz, Sigrid, 1–2, 3, 4, 18, 101, 158, 171–72, 231–32, 269–70, 271, 290–291, 299, 302, 303, 325

Schultze, Walter, 43

Schulze-Boysen, Harro, 297

Schuman, Frederick, 145–49

Schurman, Jacob Gould, 62–63

Schurz, Carl, 141–42

Schwimmer, Rosika, 60

Sedgwick, John, 30

Seherr-Thoss, Hermann, 231

Seherr-Thoss, Muriel White, 231

Service Cross of the German Eagle, 206–7

Shanke, Ed, 315–16, 319

Sherrill, Charles, 190, 191

Shirer, Tess, 161, 163, 226–27

Shirer, William, 7, 132, 161–64, 168, 171, 172–74, 192, 225–26, 241, 257–61, 265–66, 271–72, 274–77, 284, 285–88, 290, 293, 300, 301–2, 303, 308–9, 310, 324–25

Shuster, George, 125

Slutsky, Abram, 218

Smith, Henry Justin, 11, 22, 29, 32–33, 35

Smith, Howard K., 220–22, 224–25, 226, 255, 257, 303, 305, 306, 307–8, 325

Smith, Kätchen, 15, 198–99, 201, 203–4, 247

Smith, Katharine “Kay,” 7, 13–14, 15, 16–17, 32, 38–39, 132, 196–97, 199–200, 201, 202, 203, 216, 247, 250, 295

Smith, Truman, 7, 13, 14–15, 38–39, 132, 196–207, 211, 215, 216, 239, 246, 250, 257, 281, 295, 325

Sobernheim, Curt, 102–3

Sobernheim, Lilli, 102–3

Social Democrats, 71, 73, 76, 105, 142

Socialist Party, 21, 27, 35, 54, 55, 64, 70, 73, 75, 122, 157

Sonnenburg concentration camp, 123–24

Soviet Union, 70, 121, 150, 161, 166, 207, 217–19

economic conditions in, 183–84

German invasion of, 66, 229, 291, 295, 297, 298–300, 309–12

intelligence operations of, 181–84, 197, 269–98, 325–26

Poland invaded by, 259–60, 267

U.S. relations with, 2, 3, 7, 210–11, 325

Sowing the Wind (Dodd), 179

Spain, 137, 161, 213–15, 252

Spanish Civil War, 213–15, 252

Spengler, Oswald, 226

SS (Schutzstaffel), 70, 76, 140, 155–60, 168, 170, 174, 178, 179, 233–34, 238, 242–43, 268–69, 315

Stadler, Glen, 320

Stalin, Joseph, 183, 218, 219, 252, 260, 297, 299, 310, 311–12

State Department, U.S., 17–18, 28–29, 49–50, 128, 191, 215–16, 217, 218, 233–35, 252–53, 257, 260, 261, 304, 306, 316, 321

Stauffenberg, Claus von, 249

Stauss, Emil Georg von, 80

Steinkopf, Alvin, 319

Stern, Alfred, 325–26

Stillwell, Joseph, 247

Stimson, Henry L., 81

stock market crash (1929), 63–64, 66–67, 295

Strasser, Gregor, 76–77, 83–94, 90, 156, 324

Strasser, Otto, 4, 82

Stratton, Richard, 278

Strauss, Richard, 47

Streicher, Julius, 234

Stresemann, Gustav, 50

Stürmer, 234

Sudetenland, 225, 238–40, 258, 262

suicide, 45, 46, 82–83, 92, 212, 302, 306

swastika (Hakenkreuzen), 25, 62, 99, 106, 134, 210, 224, 227, 294

Switzerland, 214–15, 318

Talbot, Phillips, 245

Thayer, Charles, 70, 244–45

Thompson, Dorothy, 7, 55–56, 61, 83–86, 97, 106–7, 164–68

Thompson, Friedl, 247

Thompson, Paul, 247

Through Embassy Eyes (Dodd), 130, 181

Through the Fatherland on Bicycles (Kaltenbach), 294

Thuermer, Angus, 178, 241–44, 245, 261, 302–3, 314, 315, 320, 322

Thyssen, Fritz, 91

Tiergarten, 39, 47, 110, 139–40, 261

Tilden, William “Big Bill,” 66

Times (London), 160, 231

Toland, John, 208, 212

Tolischus, Otto, 273

Town and Country, 48, 63

Traitor, The (Shirer), 162, 293

Trefz, Friedrich, 24–25

Triumph of the Will, 195

Udet, Ernst, 179, 202, 204, 205

United Press, 18–19, 175, 221, 268, 272, 276, 303, 306

United States:

anti-Semitism in, 59–61, 111, 131

British relations with, 2, 254, 274, 283, 284, 299, 310, 313

communism in, 168–69, 207, 325

as democracy, 69, 137, 176, 309

Great Depression in, 118, 161

immigration to, 69, 87, 137, 263–65

industrial production of, 274, 299

isolationism in, 49, 97–98, 207, 237, 251, 252–54, 294, 305, 309

Jewish community in, 78–79, 189–91, 210

military preparations of, 204–5, 246–51, 274, 280–81, 299

popular culture of, 20, 50–52, 56, 65–67

race relations in, 17, 41, 78, 91–92

Soviet relations with, 2, 3, 7, 210–11, 325

in World War I, 5, 11, 12, 31–32, 35, 41, 256–57

in World War II, 4, 217, 242, 256–57, 274, 275, 280–84, 293, 299, 305, 309, 312–13, 316, 327

Universal News Service, 132, 163

Unter den Linden, 6, 14, 16, 243, 281

van der Lubbe, Marinus, 105

Versailles, Treaty of, 10, 16, 21, 80, 96, 116, 121, 138–39, 147, 176, 199, 252, 287

Vienna, 106, 225–26

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 125

Vinogradov, Boris, 181–84, 217–19, 325

Völkischer Beobachter, 41, 143, 189

Vossische Zeitung, 65

Wagner, Richard, 30, 40

Wannsee Conference (1942), 7–8

War Department, U.S., 197–98

Washington Herald, 50

Washington Times, 20

Watson, Thomas, 231

Watt, Donald B., 144–45

Wedemeyer, Albert C., 246–51

Wehrmacht, 239, 246–51, 261, 267–69, 287

Weimar Republic, 1–92

anti-Semitism in, 59–62, 78–80, 91–92

collapse of, 3, 9–11, 91–92, 183, 323–24

constitution of, 9, 105

crime in, 58–59

culture of, 1–2, 10–11, 20, 46–53, 56, 65–67, 168

decadence of, 4–5, 10, 11, 19–20, 51–53, 58–59, 73

economy of, 4, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20, 28–29, 39, 41–42, 47, 49–50, 54, 62–67, 68, 70, 71, 73–74, 77–78, 91, 96, 99–100, 105, 121, 220

education in, 70, 72–73

French relations with, 16–18, 28, 49–50, 74, 80

in Great Depression, 63–67, 70, 77–78, 96, 220

inflation rate in, 4, 9, 10, 41–42, 49, 65, 91

Jewish community in, 61–62, 65, 66, 78–79, 91–92

as parliamentary democracy, 9–10, 26, 68–69, 70, 308

political situation in, 9–12, 19, 20, 23–29, 64, 73

press coverage of, 56–57, 59

reparations paid by, 16, 21, 28, 49–50, 63–64, 74

unemployment rate in, 64, 68, 77–78, 99–100

U.S. loans to, 50, 62–64, 105

U.S. relations with, 4–5, 7, 11–16, 23, 49–50, 62–64

Welles, Sumner, 237–38, 281–82, 283, 284

Wendell, Otty, 319

Westphalia, Treaty of (1648), 286–87

White, Henry, 231

Why Hitler Came into Power (Abel), 147–149

Wieck, Dorothea, 179

Wiegand, Karl Henry von, 18–22, 27, 46, 50–51, 57, 61, 67–70, 86–87, 91–92, 93, 163, 171, 208–9, 254–55

Wilde, Oscar, 307

Wilder, Thornton, 130

Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany, 18–19, 179

Willicombe, Joseph, 177

Willkie, Wendell, 305

Wilson, Hugh, 12–13, 15, 16, 17, 61, 206, 228, 234–38, 239, 240, 245–46, 281

Wilson, Kate, 12, 15

Wilson, Woodrow, 120

Winner, Percy, 75

Wolfe, Thomas, 6, 184–87, 188, 191–92, 193

Wolff, Nathaniel, 109

World War I:

German defeat in, 2, 9–10, 13, 18–19, 22, 139, 147, 287–88, 324

World War II compared with, 237–38, 251, 256, 266–67, 287

World War II:

air power in, 202, 204–5, 272–73, 274, 297, 298, 299, 300–301, 320

blitzkrieg warfare in, 248, 251, 267–69

civilian casualties in, 285–86, 301

Eastern Front of, 8, 299–302, 309–12

French defeat in, 257, 287–88, 289

military strategy in, 246–51

outbreak of, 261, 262–70

“phony war” in, 272

Western Front of, 287–88, 298

Wosseng, Wolfgang, 256

Yale University, 14, 32, 51

You Can’t Go Home Again (Wolfe), 188, 191–92

Young, Owen D., 63–64, 119

Young Plan, 63–64

Yugoslavia, 298–99

Zuckmayer, Carl, 10, 47