MITI and the Japanese miracle

Page 348

("Amakudari" distribution map of former MITI officials),

Zaikai

tenbo

*, Aug. 1978, pp. 8490.

87. See Ward Sinclair, "Good Grazing for Old Firehorses,"

San Francisco Chronicle

, Feb. 10, 1980 (reprinted from the

Washington Post

). See also

Serving Two Masters: A Common Cause Study of Conflicts of Interest in the Executive Branch

(Washington, D.C.: Common Cause, 1976).

88. Hadley, p. 38.

89. Quoted by Shiba and Nozue, p. 32.

90. Amaya, p. 57.

91. Nakamura, 1969, p. 314.

92. For a complete list of the members of the Kayo-kai*, see MITI Journalists' Club, 1963a, pp. 4142, 26676.

93. Iwatake, pp. 3067;

Shukan

*

yomiuri

, Sept. 4, 1976, p. 149.

94. The basic source on this subject is Okochi*, in Tsuji, 2: 77110.

95. Shinobu Seizaburo*, "From Party Politics to Military Dictatorship,"

The Developing Economies

, 5 (Dec. 1967): 66684.

96. Sahashi, July 1971, p. 108.

97. Sakakibara, Nov. 1977, p. 73.

98.

Mainichi Daily News

, Aug. 2, 1974;

ibid.

, Jan. 10, 1976.

99.

Keizai seisaku

, p. 211.

100. See Johnson, 1977, pp. 23544.

101. Honda, 2: 47.

102. Ojimi* and Uchida, p. 32.

103.

Mainichi Daily News

, Jan. 21, 1976; Honda, 2: 77.

104. Suzuki Kenji, "Keisatsu o shimedashite, Boeicho* o nottoru okura* kanryo*" (Freezing out the police: Ministry of Finance bureaucrats take over the Defense Agency),

Sande

*

mainichi

, July 30, 1978, pp. 13234. For the background of the Self-Defense Forces, see Martin E. Weinstein,

Japan's Postwar Defense Policy, 19471968

(New York: Columbia University Press, 1971). See also Honda, 2: 12155.

105. Shibano, pp. 13139.

106. Watanabe Yasuo, in Tsuji, 4: 186.

107. Hollerman, 1967, pp. 16061.

108. Sakakibara, Nov. 1977, p. 71.

109. For a study of these institutions, see Johnson, 1978.

110. MITI Journalists' Club, 1956, pp. 27374.

111. Nawa, 1974, pp. 12628. The ranks from step seven and below may vary from time to time. See also Nawa, Apr. 1976.

112. See

Kankai

Editorial Board, Oct. 1976; and Fukui Haruhiro, "The GATT Tokyo Round: The Bureaucratic Politics of Multilateral Diplomacy," in Blaker, pp. 1012.

113. Akaboshi, pp. 16472; Policy Review Company, 1970, s.v. "Tsusan-sho*," pp. 6869.

114. Kakuma, 1979a, pp. 103, 107.

115. Japan Civil Administration Research Association, 1970, p. 153.

116. Kusayanagi, May 1969, p. 163.

117. "MITI and Japan's Economic DiplomacyWith Special Reference to the Concept of National Interest," unpublished paper for the Social Science Research Council Conference on Japanese Foreign Policy, Jan. 1974, p. 46.

118. Sahashi, 1971a, pp. 26668.

119. Ozaki, 1970, p. 887.

120. Kakuma, 1979b, pp. 220, 223.