Photographs

Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra, February 1913.
Grigori Rasputin, 1916.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known as Lenin.
‘Konstantin Petrovich Ivanov’: a clean-shaven Lenin in disguise, August 1917.
Alexandra Kollontai, a provocative and brilliant Bolshevik leader.
Leon Trotsky, ‘charismatic and abrasive, brilliant and persuasive and divisive and difficult’.
The flamboyant lawyer and politician Alexander Kerensky, 1917.
Maria Spiridonova, who, at age twenty, shot and killed a brutal security chief.
Menshevik leader Julius Martov, ‘a rather charming type of bohemian… by predilection a haunter of cafés, indifferent to comfort, perpetually arguing and a bit of an eccentric’.
Demonstration in Petrograd, February 1917.
Revolutionary soldiers on the streets of Petrograd as news spreads of the tsar’s abdication, March 1917.
‘In March demonstrations in favour of the revolution shook Baku, Azerbaijan… a patchwork of medieval and modern edifices, watched over by the steep ziggurats of oil derricks.’
An advanced outpost of Petrograd Soviet soldiers ready to face General Kornilov, August 1917.
Members of the Red Guard below a banner reading, ‘To the health of the armed peoples, above all the workers’.
Cadets besieged in the Winter Palace on the eve of the October Revolution.
The armoured ship Aurora, after the revolution.
Yaroslav Sergeevich Nikolaev, Lenin’s Death Day (1957), oil on Canvas, State Russian Museum, St Petersburg. ‘The revolution of 1917 is a revolution of trains.’
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