The Natashas: The New Global Sex Trade

INDEX

abductions

orphans and,14–15

recruiting and, 14

trafficking and,14–18

abortions, 19, 28, 37

Abu Dhabi, 12

abuse, physical and sexual, 4, 5, 19,40–43

of children in Germany, 17

of children in Russia, 16

by Fainberg, Ludwig,53–54

in Italy,114–115

in Kosovo,101–103, 249

by Mishulovich, Alex,59–60,64–65

in Poland, 13

retribution and,68–72, 264

in Romania,112–113

in Serbia,31–35

advertising

by sex trade workers, 23 (see also internet)

for sex trade workers,9–10, 145, 152, 154

Africa, sex trade workers from, 6

agencies

employment, 3, 10

escort, 81

mail-order bride,90–92

Russian-fronted, 49

sex-tour, 90

aid workers, international, 158, 187

AIDS. See health, HIV/AIDS

Albania, 21, 68

Country Report on,190–191

criminal justice and, 133

organized crime in, 253

pimps in/from,4–5, 105,106–107,113–115

police in, 191

smuggling from, 22, 35,106–110,113–114, 117

TIP reports on, 190,191–192, 198, 276

trafficking in/from,105–111

U.S. army and, 253

Albanian Ministry of Public Order, 191

Alderdice, Gary, 70, 72

Aleknaite-Abramikiene, Vilija, 48

Amit, Natan,125–126

Amnesty International, 127, 195

Arizona Market,35–38, 40

Arlacchi, Pino, 46–47, 259

Asia. See also various countries in recruiting in, 23

ROC in, 48

sex trade workers in/from, 5, 6, 48

Assignment, 131

auctions,37–38, 138

internet, 80, 81

Australia, 202

Austria,123–124, 278

Aveis, Mark, 221

Balkans. See also various countries in

after civil war in, 36, 100

trafficking routes in,20–22

Baltic states, 22. See also various countries in

Bangkok, sex junkets and, 5

Banjaluka, Bosnia, 170, 172

Bar, Alon. See Fainberg, Ludwig Barry, Ellen, 222

Bayer, Michael,149–155

Belarus, 41, 139, 276

Ben-Ami, Nissan,76–78,129–130

Bezprizornye, 15

biker gangs. See under gangs

Bolkovac, Kathryn,160–168, 169

Bosnia. See also Kosovo

Arizona Market in,35–38

NATO in, 157, 161

police in,38(see also IPTF) TIP

reports and, 281

trafficking in, 283

United Nations and,99–100, 109,157–183

U.S. military in,227–255

Bradie, Pablo, 165

Brown, Michael,62–65

Bruggeman, Willy W., 46

Bulgaria

abductions in, 14

organized crime in, 48

TIP reports on, 188, 271

trafficking in,21–22, 139

Bureau of Democracy, Human

Rights and Labor, 190

Bush, George W.,269–270,271–272, 280, 281

Canada

Ludwig Fainberg’s plan in, 54

ROC in,49–50

trafficking and, 23

U.S. border and, 57

Cesare, Don,106–111, 116, 117

Chappell, Derek,233–234, 236,238–243,248–254

Chicago,57–61

children,14–18. See also orphanages/orphans

abandonment of, 15

abduction of,14–15

abuse, physical and sexual (see under abuse, physical and sexual)

age of, as sex trade workers, 79

International Justice Commission and, 198

of sex trade workers, 28, 110

Chinese Triads, 48, 50

CIVPOL, 29

Clinton, Bill, 193, 271

Colombia, drug cartels in, 48, 51

Commission on Security and

Coopera tion in Europe. See

Helsinki Com mission Counter-Trafficking Return and

Reintegration, 30

Country Reports on Human Rights

Practices, 14, 139, 190. See also

Country Reports under various countries

crime. See also abuse, physical and sexual

Arizona Market and,35–37

government corruption and,135–156

of murder, 40,68–69,71–72, 109, 127,212–213,217–218

organized (see organized crime) war,157–158

Crime Assessment report, Europol’s, 47

Criminal Intelligence Service of

Canada, 50

criminal justice, 65,66–67,260–262

in Albania, 191

in Austria,123–124

in Bosnia, 181, 229, 231

customers and, 261

DynCorp and, 173, 178

in England,66–67

in Germany,67–68

in Greece, 141, 144

in Israel,124–128,146–149, 195,277–78

in Kosovo,132–133

Serbian fighters and, 157

sex trade workers as witnesses and,263–264

in United States, 65, 156,220–222

witness protection and, 127, 128, 264

Croatia. See Bosnia; Yugoslavia

customers, 136

criminal justice and, 261

on the internet, 92

Israeli,75–78

military as (see under military)

number of, per day/night, 4, 13, 17, 19, 158

police as (see under police)

TIP reports and, 205

Czech Republic, 11, 27, 95

orphans in, 16

pimps in, 11

police in, 27

Prague, 86, 149, 150, 152

price of visas in, 154

sex tours in,86–87

TIP reports on, 188

trafficking and, 22,149–156

DeSarno, James, 211

Diamantopoulou, Anna, 46

Dobriansky, Dorothy,206–207

domestics, 3

drugs, 5

Colombia cartels and, 48, 51

international trafficking in, 4,

20, 21, 45, 208

pimps and, 19

Dubi, Czech Republic, 24, 27, 28

DynCorp, 160, 163, 165, 169,173–79

Randolph, John, and (see Randolph, John)

Eastern European Crime Squad, 63

Eckhard, Fred, 167

Egypt, smuggling from, 145, 147, 148

Ely-Raphel, Nancy,196–197, 201, 202, 206

employment agencies. See agencies

England

criminal justice in,66–67

police in, 131

Epstein, Mark,271–272

escort services, 23

Esdras, Daniel, 122

Europe, Eastern and Central. See also various countries in

biker gangs in, 67

organized crime in, 20,45–51

sex trade workers in/from,2–4, 6, 7, 10,20–25, 33, 36, 203

(see also Bosnia; Israel) trafficking in,3–4, 45, 47, 48, 67, 258

European Union. See also various countries in

police, 46, 47

police in Bosnia,182–183

trafficking in, 46–47,257–259, 278

trafficking routes in,20–21

Europol, 46, 47

Fainberg, Ludwig,51–57

families, Soviet Union breakup and,2–3

FBI, 53, 62,64–65

ROC and, 49

smuggling and,210–213,215–216, 218,222–223

Ferrazaj, Kosovo, 132, 229, 232, 233, 234, 239, 246, 254

Gabay, Alex,217–218,220–221

gangs,50–51. See also Mafia; organized crime

Albanian, 68,106–107, 142

biker, 48,67–68

Chinese, 48, 50

in Czech Republic, 156

Eastern European,50–51

émigré, 50

Greek, 22, 142

Hungarian, 155

Japanese, 48, 50, 68

Native, 57

retribution by,68–72

Serbian, 69, 179, 192

Georgia, 23

Country Reports on, 39

TIP reports on, 188

Germany, 13

abuse of children in, 17

Hell’s Angels in,67–68

police in, 204

prostitution in, 203,278–279

sex tourists and, 24

TIP reports and, 202, 204, 278

trafficking in, 11, 67,203–204,278–279

Gorr, Vadim,62–66

Goryainov, K., 120

government, 18, 27,257–263,265–66. See also police complacency and,120–121,124–134, 260

corruption and,135–156 (see also IPTF; TIP reports)

in Czech Republic,149–156

in Greece,122immigration/labor violations and, 119

in Israel,124–128,129–130 in Korea, 132

in Russia,120–121

in Sweden, 121

Greece

corruption in,140–144 organized crime in,22pimps in, 41

police in,122–123,140–144

TIP reports on, 188, 198, 205, 274, 276, 281, 287

trafficking in/through, 22,121–122,140–141, 142, 282

Gruenpeter-Gold, Leah,76–78, 129

Hamburg, Germany,67–68

Haugen, Gary, 136,198–200

health, 5, 13, 19, 37, 100. See also abuse, physical and sexual

birth control, condoms and, 24, 28, 77, 80, 87

HIV/AIDS and, 5, 19, 28, 79,265Hedding, Ronald D., 220

Hell’s Angels. See gangs, biker

Helsinki Commission, 105, 120, 137

Herzegovina. See Bosnia

Highway E-55, 11,24–26, 28, 95

Hirtz, John, 175,177–178

Hotline for Migrant Workers. See under Israel

Hughes, Donna,200–202

human rights

Helsinki Commission and, 105, 120, 137

organizations, TIP reports and,188–189, 190

reports, 14, 16,136–139 (see also Amnesty International; Country Reports; TIP reports)

United Nations and, 162, 167

United States Congress committee and,179–180

Human Rights Abuses… Israel’s Sex Industry, 195

Human Rights Watch, 16,121–122, 136

Greece and, 142

Israel and,195–196

TIP reports and, 189, 199

Humphrey, Simon, 131

Hungary, trafficking in/from, 21, 22, 155

Initiative Against Sexual Trafficking, 205

International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights. See Helsinki Com mission

International Human Rights Law Group, 105

International Justice Commission, 198

International Justice Mission, 136

International Monetary Fund, 187

International Organization for

Migration, 14,30–31, 122, 227

International Police Task Force. See IPTF

internet, 34, 55, 78,80–97

auctions (see auctions)

customers on the, 92

discussions on,93–97

Highway E-55 and, 24

interactive sex shows, 80,92–93

mail-order brides and,90–92

photographs on, 92

recruiting and, 14

tourism and,83–84,88–90

World Sex Guide on, 78, 83, 84, 85, 87, 93

Interpol, 120, 258

Ioanna, Rosario, 166

Ionescu, Cristian, 123

IPTF,159–173

bribes and, 171

replacement of, 182

Israel, 87,192–198

Amnesty International and, 195

Awareness Center, 77, 129, 196, 277

corruption in, 140,144–149, 277

customers in,75–78

Fainberg, Ludwig, and, 52, 53

government, pimps and,129–131

Hotline for Migrant Workers, 124, 145, 194, 196, 277

human rights and,194–198

Human Rights Watch and,195–196

monetary assistance from U.S. and, 193

pimps and police in Israel, 196

pimps in, 40,74–77,81–83, 130,146–148, 198

police in,124–128,144–149, 196,277–278

ROC in,48–49

smuggling to, 145, 147, 148

Tel Aviv,74–78, 124, 145, 147

TIP reports on, 188, 190,192–194,196–197, 276, 277

trafficking from Russia, 48,87–88, 194

trafficking in,124–131,194–198

Women’s Network, 48

Italy

organized crime in,48(see also Mafia)

pimps in, 106,113–115, 117

police in,115–116

smuggling to (see under Albania)

trafficking and, 21, 22, 35,106–117, 278

Ivankov, Vyacheslav, 49

Japan, TIP reports on, 188,276–277, 287

Japanese Yakuza, 48, 50,68–69

Jefferson, LaShawn, 199

Jews

émigrés, in Chicago, 61

orthodox,77–78, 131

johns. See customers Johnston,

Benjamin,173–179

Johnston, Denisa, 175, 176

Jordan, Ann, 105

Karelia, orphans in,16–17

kidnapping. See abductions

Kim Kyoung Sa, 132

Klein, Jacques, 161, 168, 169

Komisaruk, Tetyana,213–214, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222

Komisaruk, Valeriy, 214, 216, 219, 221, 222

Korea. See South Korea

Korean Special Tourism Association, 226

Kosovo,29–30. See also Bosnia

criminal trials in,132–133

trafficking in, 103

United Nations in, 29,100–104

U.S. military in,228–255

Kyiv, Ukraine, 11, 104, 211, 214, 215, 218

Kyriazidis, Dimitris, 141

La Strada, 11, 12,104–105

Laducer, Dennis, 164

Lamb, David, 165,179–181

Lara (women’s group), 36

Latin and South America. See also

Colombia; Mexico

sex trade workers in/from, 6 Latvia, 62

recruiting in,58–59

Lazos, Gregoris, 141

Lejhanec, Milan,150–156

Lepenko, Gennadi,120

Levenkron, Nomi,124–127, 144,146–49, 194, 197

Lithuania, organized crime in, 48

Los Angeles,210–214

Lyons, Jonathan, 178

Macau,69–72 Mafia

Chechen, 59,60

Italian, 48, 49,50

Russian, 51,72Serbian, 175,176

Turkish, 69

in United States, 49, 51maids, 3, 10

United Arab Emirates and,12mail-order brides, 20

internet and,90–92

recruiting and,12–14

Manila, sex junkets and,5matchmaking. See mail-order brides Mazur,

Oleksander,29–30, 132–133, 231, 233, 234–235

McCullock, Hamish, 258

Meshkova, Oksana, 212, 220, 221

Mexico, smuggling from, 210–213, 214–15, 218–219, 221–223

Mezheritsky, Serge, 214–222 Miami, 51, 52

Middle East. See also various countries in

sex trade workers in/from, 12, 23

Milakovic, Milorad, 170, 171, 173, 182

military. See also DynCorp; police

as customers, 132, 156, 158–183, 225–28, 232

pimps in,174–175

trafficking and,161–183

U.S., cover-ups and,235–238, 250–55

U.S., in Bosnia,227–255

U.S., in Korea, 132, 225–226, 227

Miller, John,272–273, 275, 284, 285–286

Mishulovich, Alex,57–66 models, 3, 10

Moldova

abductions in,14corruption in, 138, 139

TIP reports on, 188, 276

trafficking in, 21, 45

Montenegro,104–105

Moon, Gordon,100–104, 254

murder. See under crime

National Law Center for Children and Familes, 93

NATO, 157, 161

Netherlands

prostitution in,203–204, 278–279

TIP reports on, 202, 204, 278

trafficking in, 203, 278–279

New York City,150–156

Office to Combat Trafficking, 205

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe,40–41, 257

organized crime,4–5, 10, 45–47.

See also gangs; Mafia;

ROC; syndicates; various countries

extortion schemes and, 47

fraud schemes and, 47

groups, structure of, 47

internal markets and,23–24

mail-order brides and, 14

retribution and,68–72

TIP reports and, 205

trafficking and (see under trafficking)

UN peacekeepers and,180–182

United Nations trafficking protocol and, 259

organized crime in Canada, 50

orphanages/orphans,14–18

Palestine, 129

Pede, Rudite,58–59

pedophiles, 91

Penkina, Irini, 41, 143

Petushenko, Lyuda, 212, 213, 216, 218, 219, 220–221

pimps, 4, 35, 40, 264. See also under various countries

drugs and, 19

earnings of,4–5, (see also sex trade workers, as investments)

Highway E-55 and, 24, 25

in Macau,69–70

mail-order brides and, 14

in military,174–175

prices paid sex trade workers by, 11, 12

recruiting and, 13

training by,42–43

Poland

abuse of children in, 13

TIP reports on, 188

trafficking and, 22

police, 18, 27, 38, 120–122, 262–64.

See also FBI; government; IPTF; military; various countries

Arizona Market and, 38

corruption and,135–156 (see also IPTF; TIP reports)

as customers, 105, 148–149, 156, 160–169

in Hamburg, 67

in Los Angeles, 218, 219

in Macau, 71

New York City,151–155

ROC and,49–50 trafficking reports of, 47

United Nations, 46, 159–173

United States as,185–187, 208

Ponza, Romea, 233, 234, 249

Popov, Bozhidar, 48

Porky’s strip bar, 51, 52, 54

Powell, Colin,189–190, 202, 204, 286, 287

Prado, Hiram, 223

Prague, 86, 149, 150, 152

Pretty Woman, 18

Prew, Mike, 72

Prijedor, Bosnia, 169, 170, 171, 172, 182

Pristina, Kosovo, 29, 100, 228, 250

racism,128–134

Radicetti, Anna Eva,30–31

Radovanivic, Mara,36–38

Randolph, John,228–230, 235–238, 241–245, 247–249

recruiting, 266

abductions and (see abductions)

in Asia, 23

in Eastern Europe,9–15

in Germany, 204

internet and, 14

in Latvia,58–59

mail-order brides and,13–14

in Netherlands, 204

pimps and (see under pimps)

in Russia,69–71

in Ukraine, 10, 11–13

using advertising (see advertising)

using sex trade workers, 13

Rees, Madeleine, 162, 164, 167, 168, 172, 182

Regina Pacis, 107, 109–111, 116, 117

Roberts, Alun, 172

Robinson, Mary, 167, 258

ROC (Russian Organized Crime),47–50, 68, 274

Fainberg, Ludwig, and,51–52

syndicates,47–50

Rogozhyna, Nina, 215

Romania

abductions in, 14

orphanages in, 15, 16

police in,121–122

TIP reports on, 188, 190

trafficking in/from, 21, 26, 112–113, 121–123

Rome, 106, 117

Rozen, Sigal, 145, 194, 197

Ruc, Ladislav,150–156

Russia

abductions in, 15

corruption in,139–140, 206, 275

democracy in,1–2

living conditions in, 55

“mail-order brides” and, 14

organized crime in, 2, 45, 47–50, 206, 274(see also ROC)

orphanges in, 15, 16

pimps in/from, 69

recruiting in,69–71

strippers from, 23, 54

trafficking and,2–4, 45, 87–91, 274

TIP reports on, 188, 198, 206, 274, 287

Russian International Marriage Agency, 91

Ryniekska, Oksana,66–67

Salvation Army, 205

Samosalova, Natalie,69–72

Sarajevo, 160, 162, 163, 167, 171, 173, 182

Saunders, Dan, 211

Scandinavia, trafficking to,22scarfi, 108

Schulz, William, 271

Sedbon, Yossi, 130

Serbia,19–20, 30. See also Kosovo;

Yugoslavia

abuse, physical and sexual in,30–35

gangs, 69, 179, 192

TIP reports on, 276, 287

war in Bosnia and (see Bosnia)

sex trade. See also various countries/ regions

business profits of (see sex trade workers, as investments)

earnings (total) of, 46

escape/rescue from,99–117

governments and (see government)

growth of,3–4

organized crime and (see organized crime)

police and (see police)

sex-slave auctions and (see auctions)

tourism and, 24, 41, 90, 141, 224(see also under internet)

trafficking in (see trafficking)

sex trade workers

abuse and (see abuse, physical and sexual)

age of, 79

customers of (see customers) health of (see health)

as investments,4–5, 35, 45–46, 57, 61, 66, 67, 70, 116, 153

living conditions of, 4, 31, 33, 35, 101–102, 104, 152

number of, 5, 10

pimps and (see pimps)

price to buy, 12, 54, 57, 81, 147

prices charged by, 23, 24, 25, 43, 70, 75, 86, 88, 95, 153, 158

recruiting of (see recruiting)

rescue operations,99–117

“Russian,” 23, 82, 87

salaries offered to, 10, 18, 58

selling of,37–38, 54

as slaves, 92, 93, 95, 142, 161, 174, 180, 202, 228

“testing” of, 22, 31, 89

trafficking in (see trafficking)

training of,32–35, 42–43, 61

as witnesses,263–264

Shitrit, Meir, 196

Showgirls, 61

Shvab, Inna, 104

Slovenia. See Yugoslavia

Smith, Christopher, 105, 186

smuggling. See under Albania; Israel;

Mexico

Society of Support to the Enterprises of Macau, 69

soldiers. See military

Solnes, Jon Oscar, 183

South Korea, 132, 224–227

Country Report on, 225

E-6 visas and,226–227

Filipinas in, 226

organized crime in, 226, 227

pimps in, 227

police in, 227

Russian women in, 226

TIP reports on, 188, 190, 198, 224

trafficking in,224–227

Soviet Union. See also Russia breakup of,1–3

Stiers, Mike, 162, 163

Stoudmann, Gerard, 257

Straits of Otranto, 108

Striptease, 61

Suessenbacher, Hellmuth,123–124

suicide, 19, 41, 100, 143

Svit Tours, 214

Sweden, police in,121syndicates

émigré gangs and, 50

ROC and,48–50

Taylor, Bruce, 93

Tcharouchine, Serguie,57–62

Tel Aviv. See under Israel

Tel Aviv Sex Report, 87

Teplice, Bohemia, 27

Thompson, Lisa, 205

TIP reports,188–194, 273–278, 281, 283–284, 286–88.

See also under various countries

economic sanctions and,187–188, 193, 205, 208

reaction to,195–208

trafficking,45–51, 119–23. See also

under various countries abductions and,14–18

Arizona Market and,35–38 Balkan route and, 21

in drugs (see drugs)

Eastern Route and,20–21

friends and relatives and, 11

governments and (see government) Highway E-55

and, 11, 24human rights conferences on,136–139

in illegal weapons (see weapons) international borders and,20–24, 57, 262

internet (see internet)

military and (see under military) organized crime and,19–24, 45–51

orphans and (see under orphanages/orphans)

profits (see sex trade workers, as investments)

prostitution and, connection between,201–202

reports on, 14, 16, 47, 136–139 (see also Country Reports on Human Rights Practices; TIP reports)

United Nations and (see under

United Nations)

United Nations protocol on, 259, 267

waves,5–6, 13

Trafficking in Persons. See TIP reports

Trafficking in Prostitution Investigation Unit, 228, 229, 231, 254

trials. See criminal justice

Turkey

sex tours to, 85

TIP reports on, 188, 274, 281, 287

trafficking in, 22, 282–283

Tuzla, Bosnia, 173, 174

Twiss, Charles, 164

Ukraine

abandonment of children in, 15

child prostitution in, 15

corruption in, 140

La Strada, 11, 12, 104–105

orphanges in, 15, 16

recruiting in, 10, 11–13

TIP reports on, 276

trafficking in/from, 21, 45, 46

trafficking to U.S. and,211–212, 214–216

Ukrainian Exotic Escort Agency, 81

United Arab Emirates, 12, 93–94

pimps in, 12

police in, 94

ROC in, 49

United Nations

in Bosnia,99–100, 109, 157–183

cover-ups and,160–183 DynCorp and (see DynCorp)

Human Rights Office and, 162, 167, 258

International Police Task Force,159–173

in Kosovo, 29, 100–104, 109, 132–133, 230

Office of Internal Oversight,167–169, 250

report on Israel to,196trafficking and, 21, 29–30, 46–47, 122, 137, 157–183

Trafficking and Prostitution

Unit, 101

trafficking protocol and, 259, 267

United States

anti-trafficking legislation, 105

(see also Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act)

Army, Criminal Investigation

Division, 176

Border Patrol,210–212, 221

Committee on International

Relations,179–180, 197, 200–202, 207

ease of entering, 57

economic sanctions and (see under TIP reports)

embassies and consulates,186

Immigration and Naturalization

Service (INS), 210, 212

military in Korea, 132, 225–226, 227

“national interest,” 188

police,151–155 (see also FBI)

as police,185–187, 208

refugees in, 63

ROC in, 49, 52

sex tourists from, 224

State Department, 55, 62, 139,

149, 154, 160, 169, 181, 186, 273–278, 280–283, 286, 288(see also TIP reports)

TIP reports on, 205, 209

trafficking from Ukraine, 210, 211–212, 214–216

trafficking in, 23, 57–59, 60, 62, 149–156, 209

trafficking reports and, 205, 209

visas, 58, 59, 62, 64, 149–150

Valhiev (pimp),69–70

Vandenberg, Martina,136–137

Vankovn, Alex, 217, 218

Victims of Trafficking and Violence

Protection Act, 186, 187, 193, 198, 206, 208

reports and (see TIP reports)

Vinitsky, Garik, 216, 220, 223

Vladivostock, Russia, 48, 69–71

Vlorë, Albania, 22, 108, 117

weapons, 155

trafficking in, 4, 20, 21, 45, 208

websites. See internet

Werner, Kevin,176–178

Wheeless, Charlene A., 178

World Bank, 187

World Sex Guide. See under internet

Yugoslavia. See also Albania; Bosnia;

Kosovo; Serbia

Country Report on, 192

organized crime in,20–21, 30

TIP reports on, 188, 190, 192, 198

trafficking in/through,21–22, 29–31

United Nations police in, 29–30, 228