Bobby Fischer Goes to War: How the Soviets Lost the Most Extraordinary Chess Match of All Time

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A

ABC (TV network), 201, 205

Abramov, Lev, 9, 21, 37–38, 52–53, 62, 64, 276

Addison, William, 82

Agnew, Spiro, 230

Agustsson, Dadi, 164

Alekhine, Alexander, 35, 37, 40, 70–71, 73, 244, 310

Alekhine Memorial (tournament), 107

Alexander, C. H. O’D., 166, 209

Ali, Muhammad, 11, 301

All the President’s Men(film), 231

All-Union Chess Section, 36

Andersson, Benny, 308

Andrew, Christopher, 249

Andropov, Yuri, 261

Angola, 293

anti-Semitism, 26–27, 37, 61, 305, 306

Appolonov, General, 292

Arledge, Roone, 205

Armstrong, Herbert, 15

Arnarson, Ingolfur, 122

Arnlaugsson, Gudmundur, 174, 175, 242

Astavin, Sergei, 154, 184, 250, 256, 257

Atom Station, The(Laxness), 142–43

Auden, W. H., 122, 191

Augustin, Dadi, 241, 242

Auto-da-Fé(Canetti), 31–32

Averbakh, Yuri, 7, 19–20, 62, 68, 118, 120, 259, 289

B

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 59–60

Balashov, Yuri, 88

Baldursson, Curt, 178

Barden, Leonard, 148, 149, 227

Barreras, José Luis, 16

Baturinskii, Viktor, 56, 58, 62, 64–66, 68, 92, 95, 99, 104, 107–10, 114–17, 121, 147, 253, 255, 260, 265, 289–92

BBC, 70, 153–54, 227

Bebchuk, Yevgeni, 57, 67, 118

Beilin, Mikhail, 43, 54, 64, 65, 66, 103, 106, 113, 120, 121

Benko, Pal, 14, 82, 85

Benson, Harry, 246, 285

Bernstein, Carl, 231

Bernstein, Sid, 205

Bezold, Michael, 73, 303–4

Bisguier, Arthur, 13–14

Biyiasas, Peter, 302

Bjelica, Dimitri, 25, 26, 205, 244

Bjornsson, Thorsteinn, 164

Black Power, 11

Black September, 232

Boikov, V. I., 291

Boleslavskii, Isaac, 99, 113, 121, 182

Bolshevik revolution (1917), 35, 61

Bond, James (fictional character), 239

Bondarevskii, Igor, 40, 44–45, 63, 101, 102, 105–7, 114, 116–20, 166, 288–89, 294

Borzov, Valeri, 275

Botvinnik, Mikhail, 24, 40, 46, 64, 80, 107, 114, 121, 184, 225, 253, 287

analysis of Fischer’s play by, 88

Botvinnik, Mikhail

Soviet world chess championship and, 37, 38

Brady, Frank, 20–21, 24, 30, 182, 184

Brandt, Willy, 84

Brezhnev, Leonid, 50, 51–52, 55, 68, 102, 109, 110, 230, 261, 276–79, 292, 293

Bronstein, David, 12, 40, 53, 63, 208, 209, 240, 274

Brooklyn Chess Club, 6

Brothers Karamazov, The(Dostoyevsky), 60

Brown, Archie, 50, 52

Browne, Walter, 29

Bruk, Liubov, 87

Bubnov, Viktor, 260

Buchwald, Art, 271

Burke, James, 153, 154, 272

Bykova, Elizaveta, 255

Byrne, Donald, 7, 226

Byrne, Robert, 6, 23, 166, 192, 208, 221, 235, 236, 266–67, 292–93

C

Camp David (Md.), 55–56

Candidates (tournament), 9, 10, 13–14, 21–23, 29, 42–47, 82, 86–89, 106, 123, 137, 292–95, 300

Canetti, Elias, 31–32

Capablanca, José, 31, 35, 73, 198, 244, 310

Capablanca Memorial (tournament), 16

Castro, Fidel, 16–17

Central Committee. SeeCommunist

Party

Chamanin, Valeri, 158, 272–73

Chebrikov, Viktor, 261

Chen Tung, 282

chess, 24, 70–81

aesthetics of, 74–75

boom interest in, 228–30, 307–9

importance in Soviet Union, 8, 35–38, 52–58, 89–92

player mentality, 77–80

See alsoWorld Chess Championship;

specific tournaments

Chess(musical), 308

Chess, Anita, 229

Chess Digest(magazine), 130

Chess Fever(film), 198

Chess Olympiad, 17, 24, 25, 53, 63, 75, 83, 85, 295, 300

“chicken” (suicidal game), 188–90

China, 52, 282

Church, George, 299

CIA, 143, 260

civil rights movement, 11

Clarke, P. H., 89

cold war, 176, 227, 239, 270–80, 308–9

Collins, Jack, 6, 30, 221

Communist Party, Soviet, 50–54, 57, 58, 61–66, 129, 301

chess governance by, 37–38, 50, 52, 57

Spassky—Fischer match problems and, 155, 260–61

Spassky’s defeat and, 287, 290–93

Spassky’s nonmembership in, 61–62

Spassky training plan and, 109–13

youth league, 39, 63, 102

Corn, Ira G., 296

Corriere della Sera, 228

counterculture, 11

Cramer, Fred, 133, 136–37, 141, 146, 159–60, 165, 173–76, 198–200, 203, 205–6, 210–14, 218, 223, 224, 235–37, 241, 243, 251, 281, 282, 300

Cuba, 7, 16–17, 279

“Cue Fanfare” (song), 308–9

Czechoslovakia, 63

D

Darrach, Brad, 133, 145, 146, 160, 161, 173, 212, 272–73

Davies, Norman, 54–55

Davis, Andrew, 132–36, 138–39, 145–46, 154, 171–74, 179

Davis, Angela, 63–65

Dean, James, 20, 188

de Groot, Adrian, 75–76

Demichev, Piotr, 109, 110, 112, 113, 155, 287

détente, 275–80

Dime Savings Bank, 229

Dobrynin, Anatoli, 55, 143, 175, 276

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 50, 58–60, 61, 295

Duchamp, Marcel, 75

Dymarskii, Naum, 91, 180

E

Edmondson, Ed, 84–86, 89, 95, 123, 126, 127, 129, 131, 133, 137, 159, 171, 212, 213, 300, 301

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 35

Eldjarn, Kristjan, 138, 193

Ellsberg, Daniel, 189, 230

Elo, Arpad, 212

Erasmus Hall High School, 10, 24

Euwe, Max, 37, 70, 73, 74, 76, 90, 123, 125–29, 138, 139, 146–47, 154, 157, 158–60, 178, 235, 246, 266, 281, 282, 289

Evans, Larry, 89, 132, 192, 205, 225, 236, 296, 297

F

FBI, 3, 306, 313–21

FIDE (Fédération Internationale des

Échecs), 85, 100, 114, 116, 124–28, 146–47, 154, 155, 158, 178, 186, 190, 212, 274, 300–301

Fields of Force(Steiner), 71

Fine, Reuben, 78–79, 182

Fischer, Bobby, 4–32, 45, 46, 56, 70, 74

anti-Semitism of, 26–27, 305, 306

background and youth of, 4–14

Botvinnik analysis of moves of, 88

Castro answers Fischer’s objections to

match with Cubans, 16

Curaçao, visit to, 13

extra-chess intrigue and, 253, 254–55, 257, 261–64

as ex-world champion, 301–7

fee concerns of, 14–15, 16, 27, 29–30, 85–86, 124–25, 226

Fox’s legal suit against, 223–24

game theory and, 186–90

gentlemanly play by, 30–31

hate mechanism of, 26–27

Icelanders’ view of, 194, 195–96

Iceland viewed by, 122

imprisoned, 303

Internet chess and, 306

Karpov’s challenge and, 300–301

media portrayals of, 30

memory feats of, 25, 75

as “mimophant,” 24

Moscow, visit to, 8

opponents’ responses to, 22–24, 247–48, 254–55

playing conditions demands by, 14–15, 17, 21, 28, 30–31, 87, 95, 163–65, 169, 170–75, 178–81, 183, 186, 189, 197, 198, 200–201, 203–5, 208–9, 235, 236–37, 240, 243, 300

psychology of, 9, 12, 13–14, 18, 20–30, 77–80, 184–85

recreations of, 20

religion and, 15, 179, 223, 301–2

“retirements” from competition by, 16, 18, 82

relaxation routines of, 221–22

single-minded chess focus of, 6–21

Soviets’ views of, 21

Spassky similarities with, 32

suspicious of Soviets, 13, 26, 257

U.S. championship, 8, 10, 15–16, 17

women, attitude toward, 25

world championship, 247, 280–85, 287, 295–301

world championship qualifying

matches, 84–89, 92–98

See also Fischer-Spassky competition

Fischer, Gerhardt (father), 4, 306

Fischer, Joan (sister). See Targ, Joan Fischer

Fischer, Regina (mother), 4–8, 10, 12, 26–27, 29

FBI file on, 306, 313–21

Fischer-Spassky competition

background to championship match, 1, 99–121, 123, 124–61, 163–65

championship match, 1–3, 26, 56, 57–58, 66, 162, 165–85, 189–91, 197–210, 211, 216–20, 221, 233–36, 240–47, 254, 260–61, 266, 273–75, 309–11

choice of site, 123–29

cold war context of, 176, 227, 239, 270–80, 308–9

cultural impact of championship match, 225–32, 307–9

first tournament, 12–13

Fischer’s apology letter and, 160–61

nonchampionship matches, 12–13, 17, 22, 83–84

rematch (1992), 304–5

Spassky’s view of Fischer and, 30, 295

Flea House (N.Y.C.), 7

Flohr, Salo, 90

Forte, Chet, 201

Fox, Chester, 162–63, 167, 169–70, 173, 178, 183, 201, 205, 211, 220–21, 223–24, 283

Freudian psychology, 78–79

Fried Chicken tournament, 299

From Russia with Love (film), 239–40

Frost, David, 128, 148

Furman, Semion, 40, 200

G

Gagarin, Yuri, 168

game theory, 186–90

Garment, Leonard, 298

Geller, Efim, 13, 28, 44, 46, 62, 86, 87, 105, 106, 113, 116, 118–20, 133, 147, 158, 168, 174, 240, 243, 244, 246, 250, 251, 258, 262, 263, 265, 266, 273, 287, 288, 310

press statement by, 237–39, 240

Geller, Oksana, 250

Germany, 37, 54–55

Gestsson, Gissli, 169–70, 175, 272

Gipslis, Aivar, 18

Glaesibaer (chess club), 196

Glazer, Joe, 229

Gligoric, Svetozar, 86, 141, 192, 205, 221, 228, 243, 244, 307

Golobev, Anatoli, 103

Golombek, Harry, 47, 82, 83, 163, 166, 183–84, 189, 202, 235, 236, 282

Goncharov, Boris, 261, 263

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 58

Gordievsky, Oleg, 249

GosKomSport. SeeSports Committee

Gostiev, Viktor, 261, 262

Grand Strategy(van Reek), 38, 40, 47, 60–61, 116

Great Britain, 140, 227–30, 308

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, The,66–67

Great Terror, 33, 51

Greco, Gioacchino, 197

Gromyko, Andrei, 278

Grossinger’s (resort), 127, 131–32

Grossman, Vasili, 55

Grumette, Lina, 26, 179, 221

Gudbjarnason, Sigmundur, 241–42

Gufeld, Edouard, 53

H

Haig, Alexander, 298

Haldeman, H. R., 188–89

Hallgrimsson, Geir, 138

Hartston, Bill, 78, 227

Hassan, Lome, 201, 205

Hastings (tournament), 148

Hawthorne Chess Club, 6

Hearst, Eliot, 30

Helms, Hermann, 6

Helms, Richard, 271

Hingley, Ronald, 56–57

Hitler, Adolf, 26, 34, 189, 305

“Holy Fool” figure, 67–68

Hoover, J. Edgar, 306

Hope, Bob, 297, 298

Hort, Vlastimil, 86, 294

Hübner, Robert, 86, 87

Huntington, Samuel P., 277

I

Iceland, 13, 122–29, 132–33, 138–46, 163, 176, 180, 191–96, 244

Icelandic Chess Federation, 124, 127, 134–35, 162, 170–73, 180, 186, 200–201, 203, 216, 219, 221, 224, 235, 239, 242, 311

Iliin-Zhenevskii, Aleksandr Fiodorvich, 35–36

In Confidence (Dobrynin), 276

International Chess Federation, 37, 300

International Institute for Strategic Studies, 276–77

Interzonals, 9, 10, 19, 43, 82, 85–87

Amsterdam (1964), 16, 45

Palma (1970), 189

Sousse (1967), 17–18, 190

Stockholm (1962), 13

Ivonin, Viktor, 62, 64, 67, 99, 101–3, 105, 107–10, 113, 116–19, 121, 126, 147, 150, 155, 156, 167–68, 177–78, 180, 184, 200, 202, 255, 256, 261–63, 267, 268, 287–92, 294

Ivushkina, Aleksandra, 116

J

Jackovich, Victor, 156–57, 221–22, 247, 257, 271

Janosevic, Dragoljub, 192

Jews, 15, 27, 37, 170. See also anti-Semitism

Johannesson, Olafur, 124, 138, 141, 143, 146, 154

Johannsson, Freysteinn, 135

Johnson, Lyndon, 11

Jones, Ernest, 78

Josefsson, Gunnlaugur, 221

K

Kahn, Herman, 188, 190

Kaiser, Robert, 274

Karpov, Anatoli, 99, 107, 113, 166, 184, 197, 259, 292, 299–301, 304

Kashdan, Isaac, 233

Kasparov, Garry, 259, 301, 304, 308, 310

Kavalek, Lubomir, 192

Kazantsev, Comrade, 65–66

Keflavik air base, 142, 257, 305

Keres, Paul, 13, 37, 46, 65, 68, 106, 121, 200, 310

KGB, 61, 63, 64, 65, 106, 113, 253, 254, 255, 257–64, 267

Khrushchev, Nikita, 8, 51, 55–56, 110

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 11

Kissinger, Henry, 189, 230, 270, 276, 278, 296, 298

phone calls to Fischer by, 143–44, 148, 150, 175, 276

Kline, Harold, 6

Kmoch, Hans, 226

Koestler, Arthur, 1, 24, 72, 270

Komsomol, 39, 63, 102

Korbut, Olga, 232, 299

Korchnoi, Viktor, 13, 34, 46, 58, 67, 80, 86, 87, 93, 120, 121, 177, 200, 294–95, 300, 301, 310

Kosygin, Andrei, 51, 109

Kotov, Aleksandr, 33, 88, 91, 104–5, 253

Krogius, Nikolai, 21, 61, 62, 65, 68, 105, 106, 107, 113, 117, 118, 120–21, 133, 147, 174, 202, 217–18, 251, 254, 255, 258, 260, 262–67, 273, 287, 288, 291–92

Krylenko, Nikolai, 36, 58

Kulakov, Fiodor, 52

Kurtis, Donald, 272

L

Ladbrokes of London, 229

Larsen, Bent, 21, 28, 29, 45, 46, 47, 83, 86, 87, 92–93, 96, 104, 105, 131, 192, 205, 206, 219–20, 253, 310

Lasker, Emanuel, 35, 74, 310

Latyntseva, Nadezhda, 44

Lawson, Dominic, 79

Laxness, Halldor, 142–43

Lenin, V. I., 35, 36, 39, 63, 68

Leningrad, 33–35, 40, 54–55, 58–61, 124, 133

Leone, Sebastian, 295

Levenfish, Grigori, 40

Levy, David, 196, 302, 307

Lindsay, John, 226, 295

Litvinov, Viktor, 259

Lockhart, Bruce, 36

Loftleidir hotel, 153, 175, 198–99, 282

Lombardy, William, 6, 43, 133–34, 156, 160, 167, 171, 175, 209, 220, 222, 223

Lopez, Ruy, 133

Lvov, Comrade, 262

Lyman, Shelby, 226, 227

M

MacNeice, Louis, 122, 191

madman theory, 188–89

Magnusson, Gunnar, 164

Makarova, Vera, 130

Manhattan Chess Club, 6

Mannusson, Pitur, 194

Marshall, Bette, 150–51, 258

Marshall, Frank, 35

Marshall, Paul, 128, 129, 133–35, 148–51, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 171, 175–76, 179–80, 184–85, 216, 257–58, 266, 290, 297, 309

Marshall Club, 7, 227

“Match of the Century,” 2

mathematics, chess and, 74–75

May, Karl, 137

Mecking, Henrique, 86

Mednis, Edmar, 227, 308

Melen’tiev, Stanislav, 206–7, 268

Merridale, Catherine, 51, 54

Metropolitan Museum (N.Y.C.), 228

Moeller, Baldur, 174, 178

Mokarow, Claudia, 302

Morphy, Paul, 77, 78

Morris, Joe Alex, Jr., 193, 194

Moscow Central Chess Club, 9, 259

Moscow Chess (magazine), 114

Motley, Constance Baker, 224

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 73

Munich Olympics (1972), 232

musicians, chess and, 73–74

My 60 Memorable Games (Fischer), 12–13

N

Nabokov, Vladimir, 70

Najdorf, Miguel, 4, 76–77, 192, 228

Nash, John, 187

National Security Council, 143, 298

Nazism, 37, 54

Nei, Ivo, 106, 113, 119, 120, 133, 166, 208, 213, 235, 236, 240, 250, 260, 263, 265–67

Nemenyi, Paul, 5, 306

New York Times, 136, 137, 167, 226, 230, 247–48, 272, 279, 296

Nicholas II, 35, 38–39, 60

Nigro, Carmine, 6

Nikashkin, Valentin, 261, 262, 263, 268

Nikitin, Aleksandr, 9, 57, 259

Nixon, Richard, 12, 55, 193, 230–31, 271, 276–79

Fischer and, 93, 96, 247, 298–99

madman theory of, 188–89

Notes from Underground (Dostoyevsky), 58, 59

O

objectivism, 66–67

Olafsson, Fridrik, 28, 151, 172, 185, 192

Olafsson, Torfi, 139

Olympic Games, 11, 232, 273, 275

Operation Barbarossa, 34

P

Palace of Young Pioneers, 39–40

Palsson, Asgeir, 215

Palsson, Saemundur (Saemi-Rock), 214–17, 220, 223, 283–85, 295, 297–99, 309

Panov, Vasili, 104, 107

Paulus, Friedrich von, 114

Pavlov, Sergei, 52, 90, 91, 99–104, 110, 112–14, 155, 156, 200, 261, 268, 275, 295, 301

Penkovskii, Oleg, 58, 254

Petrosian, Rona, 95

Petrosian, Tigran, 2, 9, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29, 38, 43–48, 83, 86, 87, 93–98, 105–7, 114, 116–17, 121, 124, 128, 131, 137, 141, 184, 200, 204, 205, 253, 286, 291, 298–300, 310

Pfleger, Helmut, 81

Philidor, François, 207

Pichtchenko, Vladimir, 259

Pirc, Vasja, 241

Podgornii, Nikolai, 276

Politburo, 51–52, 109, 292

Political Uses of Madness, The(Ellsberg), 189

Polugaievskii, Lev, 86, 300

Ponomarenko, Yuri, 166

Porter, Colin, 215

Portisch, Lajos, 28, 86, 294, 295, 299

Postnikov, V.I., 63, 117–18, 120

Pravda,36, 88

Prefab Sprout (pop group), 308–9

“Problem of Paul Morphy, The” (Jones), 78

Pushkin, Aleksandr, 35, 73

R

Rabell Mendez, N., 127

Rahman, Mujibur, 227–28

Rajcsanyi, Zita, 305

random chess, 307

Reek, Jan van, 38

Rein, Yevgeni, 33–34, 60

Reisman, Marty (the Needle), 20

Reshevsky, Samuel, 7, 15, 17, 18, 20, 37, 82, 225

Reykjavik, 1–3, 50, 122, 123, 124, 133, 138, 145, 192, 195, 239, 307

Rice, Tim, 308

Rodionov, B. I., 290

Rogers, William, 143

Rosenwald competition, 7–8

Rossolimo (chess master), 225

Rostropovich, Mstislav, 91

Royal Game, The (Zweig), 74–75

Rubinstein, Akiba, 78

Rusakov, Konstantin, 276

Rusk, Dean, 186

Russell, Bertrand, 188

Russian Mind, The (Hingley), 56–57

Russian nationalism, 40, 55, 58, 60–61

Russian Orthodox Church, 38, 60

S

Sadat, Anwar al-, 279

Saga hotel, 133, 250, 282

Saidy, Anthony, 135, 137

Saidy, Fred, 137

St. Petersburg. See Leningrad

Sakharov, Andrei, 62

Schmid, Lothar, 1, 30, 95, 96, 137, 138, 147, 157, 158, 161, 167–69, 171–75, 178–84, 192, 208–9, 210, 213, 219, 220, 236, 241, 243, 245–47, 266, 281, 282, 307, 311

Schonberg, Harold, 73, 146

Schultz, Don, 20, 23–24, 213, 226, 264

Searching for Bobby Fischer (film), 306

Shakhmatni Listok (chess magazine), 61

Shchelokov, Nikolai, 292

Shcherbacheva, General, 293

Shcherbacheva, Marina, 293, 294

Shelepin, Aleksandr, 102

Sherwin, Jim, 6, 22, 30

Short, Nigel, 308

Sigfusson, Sigfus, 195, 286

Sigurdsson, Halldor E., 138, 282 64 (chess magazine), 36, 95, 100, 103

Skliarov, Yuri, 260–61

Skoff, Frank, 213–14, 223

Slater, James, 148–50, 283

Smith, Ken (Top Hat), 130–31, 236

Smith, Tommie, 11

Smyslov, Vasili, 28, 37, 38, 41, 45, 62, 80, 86, 105, 107, 121, 184, 200, 287

Sneider, Harry, 302

Soltis, Andrew, 119

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 52, 90, 91

Sophocles, 162

Sosonko, Genna, 119

Soviet Union, 5, 7, 17, 33–35, 50–58

chess’s importance in, 8–9, 35–38, 50, 52–58, 89–92

extra-chess intrigue and, 249–57, 261–67

Fischer’s hatred of, 26

ignorance of West, 55

“Ours (Means) Better” policy, 55, 57

press coverage of match, 274

propaganda edifices, 38

Spassky championship loss and, 287–92

travel restrictions, 53–54, 258–59, 267, 293

See also cold war; Communist Party, Soviet; Sports Committee

Soviet Union Since the Fall of

Khrushchev, The(Brown), 50

Soviet Union vs. the Rest of the World (1970), 82–83

Spanier, David, 285

Spasskaia, Larisa (Boris’s second wife), 44, 46, 107–8, 116, 209, 221, 233, 249–51, 286, 287

Spassky, Boris, 38–69, 99, 131, 216

Angola, lack of interest in, 293

anti-Semitism of, 61

background and youth, 33–35, 38–41, 60

Baturinskii, breach with, 114

Bondarevskii, falling out with, 116

career rise, 41–48

character and beliefs of, 58–61, 64–65

chess style of, 73–74

defection rumors about, 267–69

Dostoyevskian affinities of, 59–60, 61

earnings of, 65–66, 107–8

Estonia, support for, 65

extra-chess intrigue and, 249–51, 253–57, 262, 263, 265–67

Fischer similarities with, 32

Fischer viewed by, 30, 295

Geller’s charges of pressures on, 237–40

Icelanders’ view of, 194–95

life outside of chess of, 77

KGB and, 61, 63, 258–62, 267–69

marriages of, 25, 44, 46, 107–8, 116, 293–94

move to France by, 293–94, 295

post-Fischer match loss by, 282–83, 285–95, 300

on possible Fischer random chess match, 307

Russian history, interest in, 61

Russian patriot, 60

Soviet Communist Party and, 61–66, 109–13, 290–93

and Sports Committee postmortem on

defeat, 287

stress management by, 80–81

Taimanov’s defeat by Fischer and, 92

training plan of, 110

university education of, 43, 60–61

world championship, 48–50, 63–64, 66, 68–69, 84, 98, 100–101, 107, 117, 124, 285

See also Fischer-Spassky competition

Spassky, Ekaterina Petrovna (Boris’s mother), 38, 39

Spassky, Georgi (Boris’s brother), 34, 39

Spassky, Iraida (Boris’s sister), 39

Spassky, Tania (Boris’s daughter), 44

Spassky, Vasili (Boris’s son), 46, 108, 294

Spassky, Vasili Vladimirovich (Boris’s father), 38, 39

Speelman, Jonathan, 167

Spitz, Mark, 232

Sports Committee, USSR, 37–38, 52–53, 62–63, 90, 99–102, 106, 107–14, 155–56, 202, 253–57, 261, 265, 267, 273, 287–91, 293, 294

Stalin, Joseph, 33, 36, 41, 51, 52, 55, 59

State Committee for Physical Training and Sport. See Sports Committee

State Department, U.S., 3, 12, 16, 145, 252

Staunton, Howard, 201

Stein, Leonid, 45, 62, 200

Stein, Richard, 162, 171, 173, 224

Steiner, George, 71, 77, 133–34

Steinitz, Wilhelm, 78

Suslov, Mikhail, 276, 301

Szabo, Laszlo, 41

T

Taimanov, Igor, 87

Taimanov, Mark, 29, 38, 40, 62, 74, 80, 83, 96, 104–5, 131, 205, 253, 287, 310

Fischer match with, 86–93

Tal, Mikhail, 22, 25, 30, 38, 43, 45, 46, 53, 62, 80, 88, 105, 121, 184, 200, 204, 290, 310

Targ, Joan Fischer, 4, 5, 8, 221, 306

Tarrasch, Siegbert, 35

TASS (news agency), 129, 137, 273–74

Thorarinsson, Gudmundur, 124, 127, 128, 138–42, 144, 145, 147, 151–52, 154, 157–58, 161, 163, 164, 170, 171, 180, 183, 197. 201, 237, 281–83, 309

Thorarinsson, Johann, 124

Thordarson, Ulvar, 209–10

Thorsteinsdottir, Anna, 283–84

Tikhomirova, Vera, 118, 121

Tolush, Aleksandr, 40, 41, 43–44

Toner, Bob, 153–54, 227

Torre, Carlos, 78

Treasury Department, U.S., 304

Tremblay, Theodore, 142, 143, 145–46, 153, 154, 160, 251–52, 267–69

Tsarapkin, Semion, 84

Tsvigun, Semion, 261

Tupikin, A. P., 290

Turover, Isaac, 147, 178

U

Uhlmann, Wolfgang, 86, 87

Ulvaeus, Björn, 308

Unzicker, Wolfgang, 31

U.S. Chess Championship, 8, 10, 15–16, 17, 82

U.S. Chess Federation, 10, 84, 104, 127, 128, 212, 305, 308

U.S. Junior Chess Championship, 7

USSR Chess Federation, 64, 66, 100, 120, 127, 128. 147, 299

USSR Council of Ministers Committee for Physical Training and Sport. See Sports Committee

V

Vartanian, Professor, 256, 262

Vasil’iev, Dmitri, 257, 260

Vasiljevic, Jezdimir, 304

Vasiukov, Yevgeni, 9, 15, 88

Vietnam War, 11, 12, 188–89, 230, 232

Viggoson, Hilmar, 221

W

Wade, Bob, 7, 131–32

Walker, Peter, 148

Warner Brothers, 297

Washington Post,136, 159, 160, 172, 176, 270–71, 272

Washington Square Park (N.Y.C.), 6

Watergate break-in, 231

Waters, Archie, 221

Weintraub, Jerry, 205

Weiss, Cyrus, 308

Wellington, Duke of, 281

White House Years, The(Kissinger), 276

Wicker, Tom, 230

Wilder, Billy, 281

Woodward, Bob, 231

World Chess Championship, 8, 57

first official champion, 78

Fischer title, 247. 280–85, 287, 295–301

Reyjkavik site choice, 123

Soviet dominance of. 37–38, 57

Spassky title, 48–50, 63–64, 66, 68–69, 84, 98, 100–101, 107, 117, 124, 285

See alsoFischer-Spassky competition

World Cup (chess), 295

World Junior Chess Championship, 42, 133, 259

World Student Team Championship (1960), 133

World War II, 34–35, 37, 54–55

Worldwide Church of God, 15, 301–2

Wright, Esmond, 11

Writers Union, 51, 52, 90

Wyndham, Francis, 272

Y

Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 58, 66, 155, 260–61, 269

Yates, Frederick, 40

Yeremenko, Vitali, 251

Yermakov, Aleksandr, 155, 156, 273–74

Young, Terence, 240

Yudovich, Mikhail, 33

Yugoslav Chess Federation, 127

Yugoslavia, 124–28, 228, 304

Z

Zak, Vladimir, 40–41

Zharikov, Professor, 256–57, 262

Zonal (tournament), 9, 82, 85

Zuckerman, Bernard, 302

Zweig, Stefan, 74–75