Capital: The Eruption of Delhi

Index

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Aarti (fictitious name), 99–110

Advani, Lal Kishanchand, 329

Africa, 366, 367

agriculture, 260–62, 271

food deficits and famine, in 1960s, 313

Green Revolution and, 261, 317

liberalisation, impact of, 261

patented seeds and, 261–62

Akali Dal party, 332–33

alcohol, 81, 247

Ali, Choudhary Rahmat, 187

All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, 98

American Express, 61–62

Americanization, 93–96

Amit (fictitious name), 99–110, 320–28

Anand, Dev, 177

Anil (fictitious name), 143–48

Anurag (fictitious name), 407–20

aristocracy. See elites/aristocracy

Arora, Manish, 84–90

arranged marriages, 118–19

art scene, 42–43

Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, 54

Bahadur Shah Zafar, 149

Baljeet (fictitious name), 288–92

Bangalore, 318

Bangladesh, 186–87, 316, 399

banks, 289–90

bars, 81

Berezovsky, Boris, 356

Bhabha, Homi, 54

Bhagavad Gita, 441

Bhagirathi River, 430

Bhalswa Colony, 236–52

declared illegal by government, 247–50

drinking water, lack of, 240

drugs and alcohol in, 247

flooding in, 240

inaccessibility of, 251–52

layout of, 239–40

resettlement of workers to, 237–39, 243–45

schooling, lack of, 241

trash surrounding, 236

unemployed males in, 246–47

Bhindranwale, Jarnail Singh, 332–34

Bihar, 258

billionaires, 304–5

black money

Anurag (fictitious name) interview, 408–11

of businessmen and politicians, 350–52, 405

property market in Delhi and, 325

Bofors financial scandal, 344

bohemian and alternative culture, 39–43, 81–84

Bombay cinema, 176–77

bourgeoisie. See middle classes

Brazil, 445

briefcase politics, 317

British East India Company, 154–55

British Indian Empire, 186–87

bureaucracy, 319–28

Burma, 186–87

business families

advantages of, 224–27

continuity of purpose in, 225–26

examples of, 6–16, 213–24, 227–34

relationships necessary for commerce, development of, 9–11

warrior ethos and, 212–13, 224–27

business-politician partnerships, 347–53

business process outsourcing (BPO), 60–69

American Express and, 61–62

entrepreneurship and, 62–64

GECIS and, 64–67

Gurgaon as home of, 64, 68–69

opportunities for middle classes offered by, 72–74

Quatrro and, 67–68

Raman Roy and, 60–62, 64–69

cafés, 80–81

Calcutta, 29, 166

capitalism

corporate, 77–81

global (See global capitalism/globalisation)

Chhattisgarh, 260

China, 266, 267, 313, 399, 445

Chopra, Mickey, 7, 15, 353–61, 365, 366, 370–73

cinema, 176–77

Clinton, Bill, 93–94

coffee/caffeine, 80–81

colonialism, 140, 200, 259

Commonwealth Games, 2010, 23, 223, 275, 400–404

Communist Manifesto, The (Marx & Engels), 258

Congress Party, 56, 313, 314, 315, 318, 336, 337

construction workers, 265–66, 276

corporations

business process outsourcing (BPO) and, 60–69

corporate culture, impact of, 41, 77–81

hospital, 96–114

Japanese, and development of Indian industry, 10

private townships and, 3–4

corruption, 312–13, 317–18

Bofors financial scandal, 344

bureaucratic, 320–28

business-politician partnerships and, 347–53

middle-class resentment of, 406

countryside/rural India, problems of, 258–71

creativity, 82

credit, 9

Cultural Revolution, China, 445

culture

Anglicisation and, 172–74

language and, 173–77

Partition and, 191, 193–95

Curzon, Lord, 164

customs services, 320–21

Dasgupta, Rana

attempts to visit father’s home, 46–48

family history of, 29–35

moves to Delhi, 35–36

police prostitution sting and, 307–10

Defence Colony, 177–85

Dehlvi, Sadia, 157, 158–63

Delhi

accelerated change in, 47–48

anti-Sikh violence following Gandhi’s assassination, 334–38, 339–42

architecture of New Delhi, 167–68

bohemian and alternative culture in, 39–43, 81–84

British decision to move capital to, 165–67

building contractors as aristocracy of New Delhi, 168–72

bureaucracy of, 319–28

business migration to, during Gandhi’s time, 317–18

cafés in, 80–81

corporate capitalism, impact of, 77–81

Defence Colony, 177–85

driving in, 17–21

elites in (See elites/aristocracy)

families, stresses on, 115–33

“farmhouse” estates of elites in, 1–16

gay scene, 82, 90

globalisation and, 37, 39–46, 436, 443–46

Hindu mythology in, 195–200

history of, 149–56

hospital care in, 96–114

hyper-aggressive masculinity and violence in, 202–6

languages in, 173–77

legal system in, 158–59

liberalisation of 1991 and, 36–37

malls in, 117–18

as mature city, exemplifying world’s future, 433–39

middle classes in (See middle classes)

Mughal dynasty and, 150–51

Muslims’ experience in, 157–63

Nadir Shah’s sacking of, 151

New Delhi, 150, 165–74

New York’s development compared, 434–37

Partition refugees in, 192–95

in poetry and literature, 151–54

poor in (See poor and working classes)

pre-globalisation life in, 37–39

property price rise, in late 2000s, 404–5

rape and sexual violence in, 43–44, 138–40, 142–48

real estate wealth in, 364–73

rebellion against and reprisal by Britain, 1857, 154–56

roads and thoroughfares of, 17–27

as segregated city, 16–17

sewage system of, 430–31, 441–42

Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi), 150, 151–53, 155, 167–68

social life of, 16–17

walking in, 17–18

water system of, 426–33

working classes in (See poor and working classes)

Yamuna River and, 423–31, 439–43, 446–48

Delhi Development Authority (DDA), 72, 288–89, 362

Delhi Metro, 40

Desai, Morarji, 315, 329, 331–32

devaluation, rupee of, 315

development indicators, 399

Dham, Vinod, 93

Dickens, Charles, 444

Diwali festival, 196

DLF, 3, 64, 362, 364

Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 225–26

driving, 17–21

by buses, scooters and rickshaws, 21

by car, 17–21

privilege and, 20–21

road deaths and, 21

drugs

in Bhalswa Colony, 247

elites and, 375–78

elites/aristocracy, 344–96

Anglicisation of, 172–74

building contractors of New Delhi as, 168–72

business-politician partnerships and, 347–53

centralised authority, relation to, 436–38

Chopra (fictitious name) interview, 353–61

drugs and parties of, 375–78

“farmhouse” estates of, 1–16

middle class resentment of, 399–407

plight of poor and, 271–73, 277

private townships of, 3–4

real estate wealth, 362–73

servants of, 263

spiritual problems with money and wealth, 378–96

emasculation of men, and hyper-aggressive behavior, 200–206

Emergency, 328–30

Engels, Friedrich, 258

England. See Great Britain

English language, 173–74, 176, 314

entrepreneurship

business process outsourcing (BPO) and, 62–64

warrior ethos and, 212–13

Fabian Socialists, 50

Facebook, 327

factory workers, 265–66, 271

families, stresses on, 115–33

famine, 313

Faridabad, 273

Fish Fry, 85

Five-year Plans in, 53, 54–55

flyovers, 23

food deficits, 313

Forbes, 364

Gandhi, Feroze, 314

Gandhi, Indira, 137–38, 290, 314–18, 328–34

achievements of, 316–17

assassination of, 331, 334

autocratic rule of, 328–31

leftward turn of, 315–16

loss of power, in 1977 election, 331–32

national emergency declared by, 328–30

1971 elections, 316, 328

populism of, 316

reelected, in 1980, 332

Gandhi, Rajiv, 56, 336, 344–45

Gandhi, Sanjay, 274, 330–31, 332, 361–62

Ganges River, 430, 440

gay scene, 82, 90

GE Capital International Services (GECIS), 64–67, 68

General Electric, 64–67

Genpact, 67

George V, King, 166

George VI, King, 50

Ghalib, Mirza, 155–56, 157, 160, 161

global capitalism/globalisation, 37, 39–46, 59, 95–96, 150, 436, 443–46

Americanization, 93–96

cheap labour exploitation and, 267–68

energy and utopianism in early years of, 39–43

factory workers, impact on, 266

intensity of daily life and, 44–45

spiritual impact on middle class of, 95–96

urban violence and, 43–44

Godfather (movies), 434

Golden Temple, Indian army storming of, 333–34

Great Britain

Delhi sepoy rebellion and British response, 1857, 154–56

disdain for legal system of, 158–59

water practices of, in Delhi, 427–29

Great Leap Forward, China, 445

Green Revolution, 261, 317

“Grimmest Situation in 19 Years” (Mulgaokar), 314

gross domestic product (GDP), 399

groundwater, 5–6, 425–26, 428, 431–32

Guha, Ramachandra, 94, 333–34

Gupta brothers, 367–70

Gurgaon, 3–4

business process outsourcing (BPO) firms in, 64, 68–69

kidney-stealing scheme in, 280

Singh/DLF’s development of, 362–64

worker housing, lack of, 273

gurus. See spiritual advisers

Haldar, Rimpa, 282

Hardinge, Lord, 166

health care

corporate hospitals and, 96–114

liberalisation and, 110–14

heirlooms, 48

Hindi, 175, 176, 313–14

Hinduism, 137, 334, 335, 381, 388–89

Hinduja brothers, 369

Hindus, 29–30, 155, 157, 184–85, 188–95, 201–2, 303–4, 334–38, 340

Hindustani, 174, 176

Hindustan Times, 202–3, 314

holocaust, 193–94, 445

hospitals, 96–114

housing for workers, lack of, 273–74

Howard, Ebenezer, 167

“How India Became America” (Kapur), 93

Hugo, Victor, 444

Iltutmish, Sultan, 4–5, 158

impermanence of infrastructure, 23–24

independence movement, 52

Independence speech, of Nehru, 58, 61

India

agriculture, post-liberalisation, 260–62

Americanization of, 93–96

anti-Sikh violence following Gandhi’s assassination, 334–38, 339–42

Bhindranwale-led uprising and Ghandi response, 332–34

British Indian Empire and, 186–87

business process outsourcing (BPO) and, 60–69

centrally planned economy of, 49–50, 53

constitution of, 52

countryside, problems of, 258–71

development indicators, 399

dysfunctional government in, 1960s, 313–14

Five-year Plans in, 53, 54–55

GDP growth in, slowing of, 399

Green Revolution in, 261, 317

IMF loan to, 56–57

under Indira Gandhi, 137–38, 290, 314–18, 328–34

isolationism of, in 1970s and 1980s, 55–56

liberalisation of 1991 and (See liberalisation of 1991)

male vasectomy program in, 330–31

Maoist insurgency and Salwa Judum response, 260

national emergency declared by Gandhi in, 328–30

under Nehru, 50–55

nuclear test of, 317

Partition of 1947 and (See Partition of 1947)

population growth in, 313

rural land appropriation in, 259–60

Singh’s economic reforms, 49–50, 57–59

wars fought by, 313, 316

Indian Institute of Management, 54

Indian Institute of Technology, 54

Indian National Congress, 51

Indo-US nuclear deal, 2008, 94–95

industrialisation, European in nineteenth century, 270

information technology (IT) firms, 62

Infosys, 62, 94

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 56, 58, 315

Interview, 89

“In the Early Days of the Delhi Metro” (poem), 40

Islam, 191, 194

Israel, 194

Jagger, Bianca, 42

Jahanara (fictitious name), 240, 241, 244–45, 248–51

Janata Party, 332

Jaswant (fictitious name), 338–43

Jindal, Savitri, 143

Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 187–88

Kalinin, Mikhail, 52

Kapoor, Rahul (fictitious name), 212–13

Kapoor, Raj, 177

Kapur, Akash, 93

Karachi, 188

Khan, Allauddin, 29–30

Khosla, Vinod, 93

Khusrau, Amir, 158

Kipling, Rudyard, 138

Koda, Madhu, 305, 306

Koh-i-Noor diamond, 151

Koli, Surender, 281–85

Krish (fictitious name), 375–78

Krishna, 199–200, 440–41

Kumar, Amit, 280

Kumar, Dilip, 177

Kumbh Mela, 440

labor force, 268–77

Lady Gaga, 89

Lakshmi (goddess), 380

Lal, Jessica, 204

Land Acquisition Act of 1894, 259, 275

land appropriation, 259–60

land mafias, 259

languages, 173–77

English, 173–74, 314

Hindi, 175, 176, 313–14

Hindustani, 174, 176

Punjabi, 174, 176

Urdu, 153, 156, 159–60, 160, 174, 176–77

legal system, 158–59

liberalisation of 1991, 36–37

farmers, impact on, 261

health care before and after, compared, 110–114

new Indian oligarchy generated by, 344–45

privatization of basic resources after, 345

Singh’s announcement of, 49–50

warrior ethos and, 212

workers’ bargaining power, assault by industrialists on, 266

Liberation Tigers of Talem Eelam, 344

Lutyens, Edwin, 167

Mahabharata, 150, 192, 440

Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra, 53

male vasectomy program, 330–31

Malhotra, Jagmohan, 330

malls, 95, 117–18

mangoes, 287–88

Mao Tse-tung, 445

marriage, 118–20

arranged, 118–19

matchmakers and online agencies, 119–20

of Sukhvinder (fictitious name), 116–32

wives and mother-in-laws, conflicts between, 136–38

Maruti Motors, Ltd., 362

Maruti Suzuki, 10

Marx, Karl, 258

matchmakers, 119

Mayawati, 347–49

Meenakshi (fictitious name), 237–57

Meenu (fictitious name), 319–28

metals business, 295–98

middle classes, 77–148, 397–420

Anurag (fictitious name) interview, 407–20

bohemian culture and ideals of young people of, 39–43, 81–84

business process outsourcing (BPO), opportunities provided by, 72–74

centralised authority, relation to, 436

corporate culture, impact of, 77–81

discontent of, 115–16, 398–407

elite control of society and, 399–407

families, stresses on, 115–33

global capitalism, spiritual impacts of, 95–96

health care system and, 96–114

moods of, from 1990s to 2012, 397–407

plight of poor and, 272, 273

pre-globalism community life, 37–40

servants, relation to, 262–65

women’s evolving role, post-liberalisation, 134–48

migration, as movement in time, 48

Mir Taqi Mir, 153, 442

Mishra, Anupam, 422–33, 441–43, 446–48

Mittal, Lakshmi, 143, 369

Mohammad, Prophet, 4–5

money, 221

mother-in-laws, conflicts between wives and, 136–38

Mountbatten, Lord, 50

Mughals, 150–51

Mulgaonkar, S., 314

multiculturalism, 41

Mumbai, 16, 17

Muslims, 29, 155, 157–63, 184–85, 188–95

Nadir Shah, 151

Nanak, Guru, 334

Naoroji, Dadabhai, 51

Narayan, Jayaprakash, 329

national emergency, 328–30

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 50–55, 58, 59, 98, 313, 317

economic programs of, 52–55

educational background of, 50

Independence speech of, 58, 61

visit to USSR of, 51–52

Nehru Place, 362

networking, 327

New Delhi, 150, 165–74

architecture of, 167–68

British decision to build, 165–67

building contractors as new aristocracy of, 168–72

New York, 41, 434–37

New York Times, 58–59, 93

9/11 terrorist attacks, 41

Nithari murders, 277–86

Nizamuddin Auliya, 157–58

Noida, 273, 277

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 94

Oberoi, Colonel (fictitious name), 179–85

Okhla, 273

oligarchy. See elites/aristocracy

online marriage agencies, 119–20

organ stealing, 279–81

ownership, of resources, 41

Paco Rabanne, 86

Pakistan, 186–88, 313, 316

Pandher, Moninder Singh, 278–85

Paris, 435

Partition of 1947, 3, 29–30, 186–208, 335, 445

Colonel Oberoi (fictitious name) interviews, 181–82, 184–85

emasculation of men and, 200–206

refugees, 192–95

violence accompanying, 189–91, 194

women, abduction and return of, 200–202

Peacock throne, 151

politics/politicians, 305–6, 345–53

business-politician partnerships, 347–53

personal wealth of, 346–47

privatization and, 345–46

poor and working classes, 236–86

agricultural economics and, 260–62, 271

average annual salary of, 258

bargaining power of, lack of, 266–67

in Bhalswa Colony, 236–52

centralised authority, relation to, 436

as cheap labour source, 262–68

as construction workers, 265–66, 276

as factory workers, 265–66, 271

housing, lack of, 273–74

Nithari murders and, 277–86

rural land seizures and, 259–60

safety net for rural communities, 271

as servants, 262–65

slum and squatter settlements, growth and demolition of, 274–76, 330

street dwellers, 21–22

transfer of wealth and resources from, in globalization of 2000s, 37–38

urban protests, 272

vasectomy program and, 330–31

Poverty and Un-British Rule in India (Naoroji), 51

Pratap (fictitious name), 295–98

private townships, 3–4

privatization of basic resources, 345–46

privilege, 20–21

property market. See real estate business

public administration, 345–47

Puneet (fictitious name), 381–96

Punjabi (language), 174, 176

qawwali, 158, 206–8

Quatrro, 60, 67–68

Qutab Minar, 4

Rakesh (fictitious name), 6–16

Rama, 196–99, 200

Ramayana, 197

Ramesh (fictitious name), 79–80

Ranjit (fictitious name), 294, 299–304

rape

in Delhi, 43–44, 138–40, 142–48

during Partition, 189, 190

Ravanna, 196, 197–98

real estate business, 362–73

Baljeet (fictitious name) interviews, 288–91, 302–3

black money and, 325

of Chopra, 353–61, 365, 366, 370–73

Delhi Development Authority (DDA) and, 72, 288–89, 362

imperialist expansion in Africa and central Asia, 367–68

price increases in Delhi properties, in late 2000s, 404–5

of Singh, K.P., 362–66

warrior ethos and, 366–67

Reebok, 85

Renuka lake, 430

reputation, 210–12

resettlement, of working people, 237–39

rich. See elites/aristocracy

Right to Information Act, 271

Rig Veda, 440

road deaths, 21

roads and thoroughfares, 17–27

bicycle travel and, 21

car travel and, 17–21

construction of, 22–24

driving and, 17–21

foot travel and, 21

as home, 21–22

road deaths, 21

traffic lights and, 25

Roberts, Emma, 151–53, 154, 195

Roy, Arundhati, 42

Roy, Raman, 60–62, 64–69, 351–52

at American Express, 61–62

at GECIS, 64–67

Quattro founded by, 67–68

Spectramind founded by, 67

rupee, devaluation of, 315

Russia, 316, 353, 445

Nehru visit to, 51–52

safety net for rural communities, 271

Sahara holdings, 370

Salwa Judum, 260

Saraswati (fictitious name), 240, 242–44

Scorsese, Martin, 434

servants, 262–65

sewage system, 430–31, 441–42

sexual crimes

in Delhi, 43–44, 138–40, 142–48

during Partition, 189, 190

Shah Jahan, 150, 151

Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi), 150, 151–53, 155, 167–68

Shama, 159

Sharma, Manu, 204

Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 313

Shibani (fictitious name), 99–110

shopping malls, 95, 117–18

Siddhartha (fictitious name), 69–76

Sikhs, 29, 157, 188–89, 192, 194–95, 201–2, 332–38, 340

anti-Sikh violence following Gandhi’s assassination, 334–38, 339–42

Bhindranwale-led uprising and Ghandi response, 332–34

Jaswant (fictitious name) interviews, 338–43

Simran (fictitious name), 227–34

Singh, Kushal Pal, 362–66

Singh, Manmohan, 49, 50, 57–59, 260, 374

Singh, Ranjit, 169–71

Sita, 197–98

slums

Bhalswa Colony, 236–52

demolitions of, 274–76, 330

growth of, 274

South Africa, 367

Soviet Union. See Russia

Spectramind, 67

spiritualism

advisers/gurus, 380–81

middle classes, spiritual impacts of global capitalism on, 95–96

Puneet (fictitious name) interviews, 381–96

Western societies reconciliation of spiritual problems with money and property, 379

women’s historical spiritual purity, 140–41

Stalin, Joseph, 445

sterilisation (male vasectomy program), 330–31

street dwellers, 21–22

Sufism, 157–58, 159

Sukhvinder (fictitious name), 116–32

Sultanate, Delhi, 397

Suzuki, 10–11, 12–13, 362

Swatantra Party, 315

Syndicate, 314, 315–16

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 54

tax services, 320–21

Tehelka, 204

Time, 94

trading families, 8–9, 63

traffic lights, 25

travel business, 302

United States, 316, 353

business process outsourcing (BPO) and, 61–67

food imports from, 313

Indo-U.S. partnership, 93–95

urban protests, 272

urban violence, 43–44

Urdu, 153, 156, 159–60, 160, 174, 176–77

Uttar Pradesh, 258

Vajpayee, Bihari, 329

vasectomy program, 330–31

violence

anti-Sikh violence following Gandhi’s assassination, 334–38, 339–42

hyper-aggressive masculinity and, in Delhi, 202–6

during Partition, 189–91, 194

sexual (See sexual crimes)

urban, and globalisation, 43–44

Vishnu, 196, 199

Walgreens, 67

walking, 17–18

warrior ethos, of business people, 212–13, 224–27, 366–67

Washington Consensus, 50

water, 260–61

Delhi water system, 426–33

groundwater, 5–6, 425–26, 428, 431–32

illegal wells, 180, 431

Iltutmish’s construction of wells and tanks, 5

tanker deliveries of, 24–25, 432

water parks, 432

water tanks, 5, 426, 431–33

wells

illegal of middle-class homes, 180, 431

Iltutmish’s construction of, 5

Wendt, Gary, 64–66

Wipro, 67

women

Partition, and abduction and return of, 200–202

professional, 134–36

rape and sexual aggression against, 43–44, 138–40, 142–48, 189, 190

traditional role of, 140–42

wives and mother-in-laws, conflicts between, 136–38

working classes. See poor and working classes

World Bank, 315

Yadav, Vikas, 204–5

Yadav, Vishal, 205

Yama, 440

Yami, 440

Yamuna River, 423–31, 439–43, 446–48

Zakaria, Fareed, 94–95

* Real name.

* Real name.

* Real name.

* Real name.