Collected Short Fiction

CHRONOLOGY

1932

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Birth of Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul in Trinidad (August 17).

LITERARY CONTEXT: Huxley: Brave New World.

Faulkner: Light in August.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Election of Roosevelt in US. Nazis become largest party in German Reichstag.

1933

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Roosevelt announces ‘New Deal’; Hitler becomes German Chancellor.

1934

LITERARY CONTEXT: Fitzgerald: Tender is the Night.

Miller: Tropic of Cancer.

Waugh: A Handful of Dust.

1935

LITERARY CONTEXT: Lewis: It Can’t Happen Here.

Steinbeck: Tortilla Flat.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Nuremberg Laws depriving Jews of citizenship and rights.

1936

LITERARY CONTEXT: Faulkner: Absalom, Absalom!

Eliot: Collected Poems.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Outbreak of Spanish Civil War (to 1939). Hitler and Mussolini form Rome — Berlin Axis. Stalin’s ‘Great Purge’ (to 1938).

1937

LITERARY CONTEXT: Dos Passos: USA.

Steinbeck: Of Mice and Men.

Hemingway: To Have and

Have not.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Japanese invasion of China.

1938

LITERARY CONTEXT: Greene: Brighton Rock.

Waugh: Scoop.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Germany annexes Austria; Munich crisis.

1939

LITERARY CONTEXT: Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath.

Joyce: Finnegans Wake.

Miller: Tropic of Capricorn.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: World War II.

1940

LITERARY CONTEXT: Hemingway: For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Greene: The Power and the Glory.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Fall of France; Battle of Britain.

1941

LITERARY CONTEXT: Fitzgerald: The Last Tycoon.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Japanese attack Pearl Harbor; USA enters war. Hitler invades USSR.

1942

LITERARY CONTEXT: Eliot: Four Quartets.

Camus: The Stranger.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Rommel defeated at El Alamein.

1943–8

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Attends Queen’s Royal College, Port of Spain.

1943

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Allied invasion of Italy.

1944

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Allied landings in Normandy.

1945

LITERARY CONTEXT: Orwell: Animal Farm.

Waugh: Brideshead Revisited.

Borges: Fictions.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Defeat of Germany. Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. End of World War II. Foundation of the United Nations.

1947

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Indian independence. Cold War develops.

1948

LITERARY CONTEXT: Greene: The Heart of the Matter.

Paton: Cry, the Beloved Country.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Jewish state of Israel comes into existence. Apartheid introduced in South Africa. Gandhi assassinated in India.

1949

LITERARY CONTEXT: Orwell: Nineteen Eighty-Four.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Chinese Revolution. Foundation of NATO.

1950–54

AUTHOR’S LIFE: University College, Oxford; settles in England.

1950

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Korean War (to 1953)

1951

LITERARY CONTEXT: Frost: Complete Poems.

Salinger: The Catcher in the Rye.

1952

LITERARY CONTEXT: Beckett: Waiting for Godot.

Steinbeck: East of Eden.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Eisenhower elected US President. Accession of Elizabeth II.

1953

LITERARY CONTEXT: Bellow: The Adventures of Augie March.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Death of Stalin. European Court of Human Rights set up in Strasbourg.

1954–6

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Editor, ‘Caribbean Voices’ for the BBC, England.

1954

LITERARY CONTEXT: Amis: Lucky Jim.

Golding: Lord of the Flies.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Vietnam War begins.

1955

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Marries Patricia Anna Hale.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Nabokov: Lolita.

Williams: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.

1956

LITERARY CONTEXT: Osborne: Look Back in Anger.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Suez crisis. British and French begin process of decolonization in Africa. Khrushchev reveals to the Twentieth Party Congress the truth about Stalinist purges. Soviet troops crush Hungarian uprising.

1957–61

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Fiction reviewer for the New Statesman. The Mystic Masseur (1957, wins John Llewellyn Rhys Prize); The Suffrage of Elvira (1958); Miguel Street (1959, wins Somerset Maugham Award).

1957

LITERARY CONTEXT: Kerouac: On the Road.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Civil Rights Act in US. European Economic Community founded.

1958

LITERARY CONTEXT: Pasternak: Doctor Zhivago.

Achebe: Things Fall Apart.

1959

LITERARY CONTEXT: Burroughs: Naked Lunch.

Bellow: Henderson the Rain King.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Castro seizes power in Cuba.

1960

LITERARY CONTEXT: Updike: Rabbit, Run.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Sixty-seven demonstrators killed at Sharpeville, South Africa. Belgian Congo becomes independent.

1961

AUTHOR’S LIFE: A House for Mr Biswas.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Heller: Catch-22.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: John F. Kennedy elected US President. Erection of Berlin Wall. South Africa excluded from Commonwealth. ANC banned. Yuri Gagarin becomes first man in space.

1962

AUTHOR’S LIFE: The Middle Passage.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Nabokov: Pale Fire.

Solzhenitsyn: One Day in the

Life of Ivan Denisovich.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Cuban missile crisis. Trinidad and Tobago become independent within the British Commonwealth. Commonwealth Immigrants Act. Algeria granted independence by France.

1963

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Mr Stone and the Knights Companion.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Assassination of John F. Kennedy.

1964

AUTHOR’S LIFE: An Area of Darkness.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Khrushchev deposed and replaced by Brezhnev.

1965

HISTORICAL EVENTS: India — Pakistan war.

1966

LITERARY CONTEXT: Rhys: Wide Sargasso Sea.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Mao launches Cultural Revolution in China. Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minster of India.

1967

AUTHOR’S LIFE: A Flag on the Island: The Mimic Men.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Márquez: One Hundred Years of Solitude.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Arab — Israeli Six-Day War. Civil war in Nigeria (Biafra).

1968

LITERARY CONTEXT: Solzhenitsyn: Cancer Ward.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Student unrest in US and throughout Europe. Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia. Assassination of Martin Luther King. Nixon US President.

1969

AUTHOR’S LIFE: The Loss of El Dorado.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Resignation of de Gaulle in France. Americans land first man on the moon.

1970

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Black Power revolt in Trinidad.

1971

AUTHOR’S LIFE: In a Free State. (Wins Booker Prize.)

LITERARY CONTEXT: Updike: Rabbit Redux.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Formation of Bangladesh.

1972

AUTHOR’S LIFE: The Overcrowded Barracoon.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: President Amin expels Asians from Uganda. First Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty.

1973

LITERARY CONTEXT: Pynchon: Gravity’s Rainbow.

Greene: The Honorary Consul.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Arab — Israeli War.

1974

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Resignation of Nixon following Watergate scandal.

1975

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Guerrillas.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Levi: The Periodic Table.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: End of Vietnam War; exodus of the ‘Boat People’ begins. State of Emergency declared in India (to 1977). Guerrilla armies come to power in Angola and Mozambique. USSR and Western powers sign Helsinki Agreement.

1976

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Trinidad and Tobago become an independent republic.

1977

AUTHOR’S LIFE: India: A Wounded Civilization.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Morrison: Song of Solomon.

1979

AUTHOR’S LIFE: A Bend in the River.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Calvino: If on a winter’s night a traveler.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Margaret Thatcher first woman Prime Minister in UK.Carter and Brezhnev sign SALT-2 arms limitation treaty. Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Iranian revolution; American hostage crisis.

1980

AUTHOR’S LIFE: The Return of Eva Péron (with The Killings in Trinidad).

LITERARY CONTEXT: Burgess: Earthly Powers.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: An independent Zimbabwe formed.

1981

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Among the Believers.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Rushdie: Midnight’s Children.

1982

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Falklands War.

1983

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Honorary Fellow, University College, Oxford.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Narayan: A Tiger for Malgudi.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Reagan proposes ‘Star Wars’.

1984

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Finding the Centre.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Famine in Ethiopia. Indira Gandhi assassinated.

1985

LITERARY CONTEXT: Márquez: Love in the Time of Cholera.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Riots in South Africa. Gorbachev General Secretary in USSR.

1986

LITERARY CONTEXT: Walcott: Collected Poems.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Gorbachev — Reagan summit.

1987

AUTHOR’S LIFE: The Enigma of Arrival.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Morrison: Beloved.

Levi: The Drowned and the Saved.

1988

LITERARY CONTEXT: Rushdie: The Satanic Verses.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Gorbachev announces big troop reductions. Benazir Bhutto Prime Minister of Pakistan.

1989

AUTHOR’S LIFE: A Turn in the South.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Márquez: The General in his Labyrinth.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe. Fall of the Berlin Wall. Tiananmen Square massacre in China.

1990

AUTHOR’S LIFE: India: A Million Mutinies Now. Knighthood for Services to Literature.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Updike: Rabbit at Rest.

Walcott: Omeros.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Nelson Mandela released from jail after 27 years’ imprisonment. German reunification. John Major becomes Prime Minister in UK. Attempted coup by Islamic fundamentalists in Trinidad.

1991

LITERARY CONTEXT: M. Amis: Time’s Arrow.

Okri: The Famished Road.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Gulf War. Yeltsin President of Russia. USSR disbanded.

1992

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Bill Clinton elected US President. Civil war in former Yugoslavia.

1993

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Wins the first David Cohen Prize for Literature.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Israel hands over West Bank and Jericho to Palestinians. Storming of White House, Moscow.

1994

AUTHOR’S LIFE: A Way in the World.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Heller: Closing Time.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Mandela and ANC sweep to victory in South African elections. Rwandan massacres. Russian military action against Chechen republic.

1996

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Wife Patricia Naipaul dies (3 February); marries Nadira Khannum Alvi (15 April).

LITERARY CONTEXT: Márquez: News of a Kidnapping.

1997

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Letters.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Bellow: The Actual.

Roth: American Pastoral.

Roy: The God of Small Things.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Tony Blair elected Prime Minister in UK (first Labour government since 1979). Princess Diana is killed in a car accident in Paris.

1998

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Beyond Belief.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Morrison: Paradise.

Pamuk: My Name is Red.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Northern Ireland Referendum accepts the Good Friday Agreement. Clinton orders air strikes against Iraq.

1999

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Between Father and Son: Family Letters.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Coetzee: Disgrace.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Serbs attack ethnic Albanians in Kosovo; US leads NATO in bombing of Belgrade.

2000

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Reading and Writing: A Personal Account.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Ishiguro: When We Were Orphans.

Smith: White Teeth.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Milosevic’s regime in the former Yugoslavia collapses. George W. Bush is elected President of the US. Putin becomes Russian President. Palestinian intifadah.

2001

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Half a Life; Nobel Prize.

LITERARY CONTEXT: McEwan: Atonement.

Franzen: The Corrections.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks of 9/11. US and allied military action against the Taliban in Afghanistan.

2002

AUTHOR’S LIFE: The Writer and the World: Essays.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Martel: Life of Pi.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Guantanamo Bay detention camps established by Bush administration.

2003

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Literary Occasions: Essays.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Atwood: Oryx and Crake.

Adichie: Purple Hibiscus.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Iraq weapons crisis. American and British troops invade Iraq. Civil war in Dafur.

2004

AUTHOR’S LIFE: Magic Seeds.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Munro: Runaway.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Terrorist bombings in Madrid. Beslan school hostage crisis. Ten countries join the European Union. Indian Ocean tsunami.

2005

LITERARY CONTEXT: Banville: The Sea.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Terrorist bombings of 7/7 in London. Major earthquake in Pakistan. Death of Pope John Paul II.

2006

LITERARY CONTEXT: Kiran Desai: The Inheritance of Loss.

Murakami: Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Iran announces that it has joined the nuclear club. Conflict between Israeli and Hezbollah forces in South Lebanon. Saddam Hussein hanged.

2007

AUTHOR’S LIFE: A Writer’s People: Ways of Looking and Feeling.

LITERARY CONTEXT: Hosseini: A Thousand Splendid Suns.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Gordon Brown succeeds Tony Blair as Labour Prime Minister in UK. Benazir Bhutto assassinated. Anti-government demonstrations in Burma.

2008

LITERARY CONTEXT: Pamuk: The Museum of Innocence.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Largest global recession since Great Depression begins. Barack Obama becomes first African-American to be elected US President.

2009

LITERARY CONTEXT: Mantel: Wolf Hall.

Byatt: The Children’s Book.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Israel invades Gaza. Defeat of Tamil Tigers ends 26 years of civil war in Sri Lanka.

2010

AUTHOR’S LIFE:The Masque of Africa: Glimpses of African Belief.

HISTORICAL EVENTS: Earthquake in Haiti. Major oil spill in Mexican Gulf. David Cameron becomes Conservative Prime Minister in UK, leading coalition government.