Elizabeth the Queen: The Life of a Modern Monarch

TWELVE: Feeling the Love

1. “profound religious existence”: Confidential interview. 263 “sacramental manner in which she views”: George Carey interview.

2. “not in the sense of a burden”: George Carey, Know the Truth: A Memoir, p. 401.

3. “She has a comfortable relationship with God”: George Carey interview.

4. “she doesn’t parade her faith”: John Andrew interview.

5. “an old-fashioned way of being”: Ibid.

6. “middle of the road”: George Carey interview.

7. “a masterpiece of English prose”: Queen Elizabeth II Christmas Broadcast, Dec. 25, 2010, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

8. “The royal family treat”: Confidential interview.

9. “Oh you silly woman”: George Carey interview.

10. “For the delicious meal”: Daily Mail, Nov. 11, 1997.

11. She admired Graham, although when he asked: Diaries of David Bruce, June 17, 1966.

12. “takes the place of a family confessor”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

13. The pageantry is intricately orchestrated: Author’s observations, Maundy Service and Office for the Royal Maundy, Westminster Abbey, April 21, 2011.

14. “It’s a very clever subtle way”: Kenneth Rose interview.

15. “He found his ecclesiastical duties”: Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 347.

16. “They used to fetch us by car”: Mary Wilson interview.

17. During their September 1975 visit: Ibid.

18. “when he first got to Number 10”: Marcia Falkender interview.

19. Wilson so treasured the image: Mary Wilson interview.

20. “too-tall … ungainly”: Susan Mitchell, Margaret Whitlam: A Biography, p. 213.

21. “Big Marge”: Turner, p. 13.

22. installing them in a suite: Margaret Whitlam, My Day, p. 41.

23. “deep-piled cream sheepskin rug”: Mitchell, p. 213.

24. “That evening she was quite determined”: Turner, p. 13.

25. “almost too much and too moving”: Whitlam, p. 130.

26. Tony was achieving even greater success: de Courcy, pp. 102, 112.

27. “I received a letter from Peter”: “Margaret: Unlucky in Love,” BBC News, Feb. 9, 2002.

28. Tony wanted the freedom: de Courcy, p. 130.

29. “things I hate about you”: Ibid., p. 177.

30. Among his dalliances: Ibid., p. 194.

31. Margaret’s lovers included: Ibid., p. 142.

32. “little lady”: James Ketchum interview.

33. “First, let her think”: “Princess Goes to Washington: Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon Visit Washington,” Nov. 21, 1965, British Pathé, WPA Film Library.

34. “I didn’t bring up my daughter”: Confidential interview. 270 “He pulled the wool”: Anne Glenconner interview.

35. when she flouted protocol: Confidential interview.

36. “I understand”: Pamela Hicks interview.

37. “How’s Margaret’s mood?”: Confidential interview. 271 “the atmosphere is appalling”: de Courcy, pp. 234–35. 271 “had been devastating”: Ibid.

38. “live apart”: Ibid., p. 243.

39. “The Queen and the Queen Mother never took sides”: Confidential interview.

40. “She doesn’t sit in the sun”: Confidential interview.

41. was tended by her longtime hairdresser: Morrow, pp. 60–61.

42. For her skin she used an assortment: Ibid.

43. shrewdly orchestrated a public show: Nicholas Henderson, Mandarin: The Diaries of an Ambassador, 1969–1982, pp. 120–21.

44. “a tribute to the Queen’s understanding”: Ibid.

45. “careful consideration”: Robert T. Armstrong to Martin Charteris, Feb. 6, 1973, National Archives, Kew.

46. “One would wish to consider”: Ibid.

47. “July 4th was really pushing it”: New York Times, June 13, 1976. 274 “a paragon of gaiety & dignity”: Beaton, The Unexpurgated Beaton, p. 334.

48. “should get someone more steeped”: Confidential interview.

49. couldn’t resist calling her “the American”: Confidential interview.

50. they were hit with a force nine gale: Crosland, p. 344.

51. “philosophical, almost merry”: Ibid., p. 345.

52. “Wheeeeee!”: Ibid., pp. 345–46.

53. “her apparent eagerness to work a crowd”: New York Times, July 8, 1976.

54. “I speak to you as the direct descendant”: Ibid., July 7, 1976. 275 “I’m going to make Attila the Hun”: Time, Oct. 24, 1977. 275 “press the flesh”: Crosland, p. 347. 275 “What a fascinating man”: Bradford, p. 374.

55. “never faltered in the day’s walk-about”: Crosland, p. 348.

56. Henry Kissinger’s wife, Nancy: Ibid.

57. “Prince Philip is renouncing”: Ibid.

58. “to make her grand entrance”: Edinburgh Evening News, June 19, 2003.

59. “were overwhelmed”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 173.

60. “Luckily, I don’t mind the heat”: New York Times, July 10, 1976.

61. “There’s John Andrew!”: John Andrew interview.

62. “Gracious, do you really wear skirts”: New York Times, July 10, 1976.

63. “homey patched-elbow chic”: Ibid., July 9, 1976.

64. In fact, the evenings were often exuberant: Gay Charteris interview.

65. “You looked so funny standing all alone”: John Andrew interview.

66. “moving from one reminder”: New York Times, July 12, 1976.

67. “I was reminded of the good that can flow”: Queen Elizabeth II Christmas Broadcast, December 25, 1976, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

68. Very much her mother’s daughter: “The Princess Royal at 60,” BBC Inside Sport special, Aug. 12, 2010.

69. “I noticed, we’ve been going all day”: Confidential interview.

70. “keeping the rhythm and shaking her head”: Morrow, p. 41.

71. “I heard her sigh again”: John Julius Norwich interview.

72. “Next year is a rather special one for me”: Queen Elizabeth II Christmas Broadcast, December 25, 1976, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

73. “express wish”: Daily Telegraph, Dec. 29, 2007.

74. “apathy hits plans”: The Guardian, Feb. 6, 1977.

75. “Harbour entrances would be just packed”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 114.

76. “seized the moment to whip out a lipstick”: Morrow, p. 59.

77. “one of the most significant decisions”: The Queen’s Reply, Westminster Hall, May 4, 1977.

78. “That was significant”: Simon Walker interview.

79. “Your Majesty, I’m afraid”: The Times, Sept. 13, 2008. Major Sir Michael Parker was an Englishman who worked on numerous royal events, not to be confused with Lieutenant Michael Parker, the Australian naval officer who had worked for Prince Philip.

80. “I had forgotten how uncomfortable”: Burrell, p. 30.

81. “an example of service untiringly done”: BBC, “On This Day,” June 7, 1977, news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday.

82. “in my salad days when I was green”: Ibid.

83. the roar of the vast crowd was so loud: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 115.

84. “They really love you”: Strong, p. 194.

85. “basically middle class British”: Ibid, p. 193.

86. “more or less had to push”: Ibid., p. 194.

87. “The Queen received me”: Shawcross, Q and C, pp. 108–9.

88. “our own particular sorrows”: Queen Elizabeth II Christmas Broadcast, Dec. 25, 1972, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

89. “Martin, we said we’re going”: Bradford, p. 377.

90. “the safest way for the Queen”: BBC, “On This Day,” Aug. 10, 1977, news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday.

91. “nowhere is reconciliation more desperately”: Queen Elizabeth II Christmas Broadcast, Dec. 25, 1977, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

92. He was the first baby in the royal family: The Guardian, Nov. 16, 1977.

93. “The Queen knew Martin would cry”: Gay Charteris interview.

94. “he was still around”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 895.

95. “Martin, thank you for a lifetime”: Gay Charteris interview.

THIRTEEN: Iron Lady and English Rose

1. “conversation flowed easily”: Sunday Times, Feb. 7, 1982.

2. their talk over the next hour might touch: Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 350.

3. “weighs up”: Ibid., p. 349.

4. One week she memorably took him for a stroll: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 112.

5. “What one gets … is friendliness”: Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 349.

6. “poor old Jim Callaghan”: Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 36.

7. “the last shreds of prejudice”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 121.

8. “What do you think about Margaret Thatcher”: Ian Balding interview.

9. “the eternal scholarship girl”: Johnson, p. 263.

10. “The Queen found that irritating”: Confidential source.

11. “The agenda included major topical”: Charles Powell interview.

12. “She chatted with us”: Confidential interview.

13. “She seemed to come back in a cheerful”: Charles Powell interview. 290 One exception was the time: Morrow, p. 167.

14. “Mrs. Thatcher would have thought it impudent”: Pimlott, pp. 460–61.

15. Whenever the Thatchers came: Monica Tandy tour of Windsor Castle; Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 376.

16. “was reserved but she could give you”: Turner, pp. 48–49.

17. “Would you like to order, sir?”: Spitting Image, YouTube.

18. “The Queen is the mother of the country”: James Lees-Milne, Diaries: 1984–1997, abridged and introduced by Michael Bloch, p. 141.

19. “No one could curtsy lower”: Charles Powell interview.

20. “I would set up … a hereditary monarchy”: Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 358.

21. “out of loyalty”: Charles Powell interview.

22. “The hills? … The hills? She walks on the road!”: Confidential interview.

23. “The Queen finessed it”: Ibid.

24. she let her manners slip and kept her elbows: Morrow, pp. 147–48.

25. “quartering the room”: Paxman, p. 315.

26. “an enormous role in calming everything”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 123.

27. “talked to Mrs. Thatcher and to Kaunda”: Pimlott, p. 468.

28. Whenever she and Philip are having lunch: Confidential interview.

29. “his closest confidant”: Dimbleby, p. 213.

30. “someone who showed enormous affection”: Ibid., p. 324.

31. The Queen called the hospital: Timothy Knatchbull, From a Clear Blue Sky: Surviving the Mountbatten Bomb, p. 115.

32. “That kind of private person”: Pamela Hicks interview.

33. “A dog isn’t important”: Ibid.

34. “Please sit with me”: Ibid.

35. “Ma’am, would you like to go upstairs?”: Timothy Knatchbull interview.

36. “striding down the corridor”: Knatchbull, p. 176.

37. “She was in almost unstoppable mothering mode”: Ibid.

38. “She was caring and sensitive and intuitive”: Timothy Knatchbull interview.

39. “I fear it will take me”: Dimbleby, p. 324. 296 she said the Irish were pigs: Wilson, p. 259.

40. “She had all the feelings”: Timothy Knatchbull interview.

41. One unlikely source of consolation: Smith, p. 87.

42. “German family”: Sunday Times, Jan. 31, 2010.

43. “By the time we reached Australia”: Pamela Hicks interview.

44. “a good age for a man”: Woman’s Own, Feb. 1975.

45. “easy and open manner”: Dimbleby, p. 338.

46. “LADY DI IS THE NEW GIRL”: The Sun, Sept. 8, 1980.

47. “fallen in love with an idea”: Dimbleby, p. 341.

48. “Prince Philip and the Queen felt responsible”: Pamela Hicks interview.

49. “There is a difference”: Confidential interview.

50. “If I’d said to him”: Dimbleby, p. 340.

51. “intent to alarm”: Morrow, p. 131.

52. sitting calmly when a ball crashed: Jean Carnarvon interview.

53. “I never saw her scared”: Turner, p. 46.

54. “You know why you’re there”: Malcolm Ross interview.

55. “Left leg straight!”: Ibid.

56. “In every pub and club”: Dewar, ed., p. 17.

57. A poll in July 1981: Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 357.

58. The first lady had met Charles: Prince Charles to Nancy Reagan, June 6, 2004, The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library.

59. Nancy Reagan also endeared: Henderson, pp. 395–97.

60. “I have fallen in love”: Mary Henderson to Nancy Reagan, May 3, 1981, Reagan Library.

61. “in our best bib and tucker”: Josephine Louis interview.

62. “She was wonderful that day”: Ibid.

63. “little house in Windsor Great Park!”: Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother to Nancy Reagan, July 28, 1981, Reagan Library.

64. The atmosphere was exultant: BBC, “On This Day,” July 29, 1981, news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday.

65. “grow into it”: Daily Mail, Sept. 10, 1996.

66. It was a high-spirited occasion: Josephine Louis interview; Nicholas Haslam interview; confidential interview.

67. “Oh Philip, do look!”: Morrow, p. 7.

68. “I’d love to stay and dance”: Ibid.

69. “The Queen was so mad”: Josephine Louis interview.

70. she rapidly lost weight: Andrew Morton, Diana: Her True Story—In Her Own Words, p. 56.

71. down to a mere 110 pounds: Smith, p. 145.

72. “It was just impossible”: Paxman, p. 274.

73. “other side … jolly girl”: Dimbleby, p. 345.

74. Charles had Diana flown: Smith, p. 151.

75. “the Queen is the least self-absorbed”: Confidential interview.

76. “Regardless of how rude Princess Margaret”: Confidential interview.

77. “The Queen was always kind”: Lucia Flecha de Lima interview (Nov. 10, 1997).

78. “terrified”: Daily Mail, Sept. 10, 1996.

79. “the briskest, deepest, most correct curtsy”: Morrow, p. 40.

80. Although Diana wrote letters of gratitude: Jonathan Dimbleby interview (Dec. 10, 1997).

81. “She is pretty, soft and amusing”: Confidential interview.

82. “betrayed”: Confidential interview.

83. “despondent”: Smith, p. 155.

84. “That’s the most pompous thing”: Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 409.

FOURTEEN: A Very Special Relationship

1. “brought into stark focus”: The Queen at 80, Sky News, 2006. 310 “I definitely went there a boy”: Daily Telegraph, Feb. 13, 2010.

2. “We have ceased to be a nation in retreat”: Margaret Thatcher, speech to Conservative rally at Cheltenham, July 3, 1982, Margaret Thatcher Foundation Website.

3. “quiet two days”: New York Times, June 7, 1982.

4. “invariably lit up at the prospect”: Henderson, p. 434.

5. “the first country that I have visited”: Jimmy Carter, London, England, remarks on arrival at Heathrow Airport, May 5, 1977.

6. “I took a sharp step backwards”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 900.

7. The Queen had arranged: New York Times, June 8, 1982. 312 “that was what he needed”: Michael Fawcett interview.

8. “We had the feeling we had come”: Carolyn Deaver interview.

9. “It was surprisingly informal”: Nancy Reagan interview.

10. “bobbing when he should have remained’: Daily Mirror, June 9, 1982.

11. “Does it ride well?” Associated Press, June 8, 1982.

12. offered the first lady a running commentary: Nancy Reagan interview.

13. “charming … down-to-earth … she was in charge”: Daily Telegraph, Aug. 17, 1982.

14. the first American president: Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, p. 88.

15. “Are you enjoying yourself?”: Carolyn Deaver interview.

16. “much impressed by the way: United Press International, June 8, 1982.

17. “the conflict on the Falkland islands”: Daily Mirror, June 9, 1982.

18. “I suddenly saw this tiny figure”: Daily Telegraph, Aug. 17, 1982.

19. “It was a great relief”: Martin Bashir interview with Diana, Princess of Wales, Panorama, BBC, Nov. 20, 1995.

20. The Queen was among the first to visit: Morrow, p. 238.

21. “Get out of here at once!”: Ibid., p. 232.

22. “Tell me about it”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 533.

23. “I am used to talking to people”: Confidential interview.

24. “Bloody ’ell, Ma’am”: Morrow, p. 232.

25. “Oh come on, get a bloody move”: Ibid., p. 233.

26. “The whole thing was so surreal”: Colin Burgess, Behind Palace Doors: My Service as the Queen Mother’s Equerry, p. 156.

27. “mostly shock and disbelief”: Confidential interview.

28. “dark ages”: Morton, p. 61.

29. she underwent therapy with two different professionals: Ibid., pp. 140–41.

30. “It was actually very emotional”: The Queen at 80, Sky News, 2006.

31. “for reasons of time and protocol”: Newsweek, Oct. 21, 1957.

32. She had raised the matter: Henderson, p. 273.

33. “What better time”: Time, March 14, 1983.

34. She expressly asked: Henderson, p. 485.

35. At one point Princess Margaret called: Selwa “Lucky” Roosevelt interview.

36. “We said, ‘But she’s never been’ ”: Peter McKay interview.

37. “They sat on the first two seats”: Lucky Roosevelt interview.

38. “The Queen was visibly bothered”: Time, March 14, 1983.

39. Philip suffered his own indignity: Josephine Louis interview.

40. “Are you expecting trouble?”: Pete Metzger interview.

41. “Aren’t there any male supervisors?”: Time, March 14, 1983.

42. “Damned if I’ll turn off the light”: Lucky Roosevelt interview.

43. “The Annenbergs have more than the Queen!”: Carolyn Deaver journal, Feb. 27, 1983.

44. They sped off under umbrellas: Ibid.

45. “There was a lot of talk at the time”: Lucky Roosevelt interview.

46. “She said, ‘If we can get there, let’s go’ ”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

47. “I don’t know how happy she was”: Josephine Louis interview.

48. Even on the clearest day: Author’s observations.

49. She said little: Josephine Louis interview.

50. “Don’t be silly”: Nancy Reagan interview.

51. “That was so enjoyable”: Pamela Bailey interview.

52. “Damn it … I told them”: Time, March 14, 1983.

53. “We talked at length”: Nancy Reagan interview.

54. As they made their approach: Pete Metzger interview; Carolyn Deaver interview.

55. Ted Graber hurriedly dressed up: Nancy Reagan interview.

56. “I learned that night that she listened”: Carolyn Deaver interview.

57. At the end of the meal, she cracked open: Ibid.

58. “The Queen needs her tiara time!”: Ibid.

59. she has a kit with tools: Ibid.; David Thomas interview.

60. “puff sleeves decorated”: Hardy Amies, Still Here: An Autobiography, p. 119.

61. “I knew before we came”: Time, March 14, 1983. 321 “I know I promised Nancy”: Nancy Reagan interview.

62. Reagan expressed his fondness: Time, March 14, 1983.

63. In no time she had it installed: Michael Oswald interview; Associated Press, Oct. 11, 1984.

64. “sparkling”: Princess Margaret to Ronald and Nancy Reagan, Oct. 6, 1983, Reagan Library.

65. “It is a curious irony”: Confidential interview.

66. “debating about the past”: Margaret Thatcher radio interview with David Spanier of IRN (New Delhi Commonwealth Conference), Nov. 29, 1983, Margaret Thatcher Foundation Website.

67. At a black-tie dinner: Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, p. 246.

68. On the final weekend: Time, March 14, 1983.

69. Philip had already stayed: Jean Carnarvon interview.

70. To take advantage: New York Times, Oct. 9, 1984.

71. He gave her a nomination: FitzGerald, p. 140.

72. When Elizabeth II landed: Catherine Murdock interview.

73. the Queen immediately changed: Lady Angela Oswald interview.

74. “It put everyone totally at ease”: Catherine Murdock interview.

75. The directors of Keeneland also staged: Ibid.

76. Each night the Farishes had dinner parties: Ibid.

77. “She felt very much at home”: Confidential interview.

78. “all attempts to destroy democracy”: Margaret Thatcher speech to Conservative Party conference, Oct. 12, 1984, Margaret Thatcher Foundation Website.

79. “sympathy and deep concern”: Associated Press, Oct. 12, 1984.

80. “Are you having a lovely time?”: Jean Carnarvon interview. 327 “boosted one’s morale”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 128.

81. “deep regret”: United Press International, Oct. 15, 1984. 327 Her only annoyance: Jean Carnarvon interview.

82. But she took five-mile walks: Ibid.; Tad Bartimus, “Queen Elizabeth Visits Wyoming,” American West, March/April 1985.

83. Meals were simple American fare: Time, Oct. 22, 1984.

84. “Queen-sized fillette cut”: Catherine Murdock interview.

85. “because I have never tasted them”: Bartimus, “Queen Elizabeth Visits Wyoming,” American West, March/April 1985.

86. “What kind of salad dressing”: Catherine Murdock interview.

87. she handed out gifts: Ibid.

88. “looking at beautiful thoroughbreds”: Queen Elizabeth II to Ronald Reagan, Oct. 14, 1984, Reagan Library.

89. “closed off”: Morton, p. 51.

90. “monstrous carbuncle”: Dimbleby, p. 384.

91. “catastrophe … time bomb”: Strong, p. 361.

92. “The Queen could not be more pleased”: The Sun, April 12, 1984.

93. “Horlicks … bitter”: Andrew Neil interview (May 6, 1998).

94. she memorably danced: Prince Charles to Ronald Reagan, Nov. 11, 1985, Reagan Library.

95. “in her clever way”: The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters, p. 712.

96. “touched perhaps by the sadness”: Lees-Milne, Diaries, 1984–1997, p. 93.

97. Most of the bluegrass breeders: Washington Post, May 29, 1989.

98. “Suddenly from the bushes to the left”: Anne Glenconner interview.

99. “felt favored and blessed”: Sarah, the Duchess of York, with Jeff Coplon, My Story, p. 108.

100. “I was robust and jolly”: Ibid., p. 107.

101. “She’s very sharp and clever”: Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 410.

FIFTEEN: Family Fractures

1. The Queen purportedly took issue: Sunday Times, July 20, 1986.

2. “astute political infighter”: Ibid.

3. “It was like a scene out of Trollope”: Confidential interview.

4. “Margaret Thatcher was very upset”: Charles Powell interview.

5. “ordinary people”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 133.

6. “commiserated with each other”: Turner, p. 181.

7. He was more distraught: Confidential interview.

8. an appointment that raised eyebrows: The Times, Oct. 20, 2009.

9. There had been press reports: Wyatt, Vol. 1, p. 167.

10. The Queen had encouraged Canadian: Brian Mulroney interview.

11. “moral obligation”: Ibid.

12. Thatcher eventually compromised: Mulroney, p. 404.

13. “She never expressed her views”: Confidential interview.

14. To shield its informant: The Times, Oct. 20, 2009.

15. “misinterpreted”: Daily Telegraph, Oct. 19, 2009.

16. “crucial parts”: The Times, Oct. 20, 2009.

17. The press secretary’s colleagues: Confidential interviews.

18. “I think he has megalomania”: Wyatt, Vol. 1, p. 173.

19. “He personally didn’t go for Margaret Thatcher”: Angela Oswald interview.

20. “Don’t worry, dear”: Pimlott, p. 514, citing interview with Sir John Riddell.

21. “Well, I can’t do anything”: Wyatt, Vol, 1, p. 178.

22. “deliberate act by the Queen”: Shawcross, Q and C, pp. 133–34.

23. “Now Kenneth”: Brian Mulroney interview.

24. “How is the emotional one?”: Mulroney, p. 466.

25. “There was no doubt”: Brian Mulroney interview.

26. “I think Mr. Deng would be rather happier”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 176.

27. “didn’t move a muscle”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

28. “The British press went nuts”: Confidential interview.

29. “puncture the balloon”: McDonald, The Duke documentary.

30. “I don’t know why he has the gift”: Confidential interview.

31. “My only claim to fame”: Austin American-Statesman, May 21, 1991.

32. including a gold bracelet: Daily Telegraph, Jan. 12, 2011.

33. In 1982 he began driving: McDonald, The Duke documentary.

34. “energy saving”: Ibid.

35. “Sometimes I would take an idea”: Confidential interview.

36. One of his favorite photographs: David Airlie interview.

37. “Do you really want to be”: Confidential interview.

38. “enormously practical … extremely businesslike”: BBC interview with David Airlie: transcript, Feb. 21, 1994.

39. “to sit on it and think”: Ibid.

40. “The reason why she moves”: Ibid.

41. After he had spent six months: David Airlie interview.

42. the press reported that his father: The Guardian, Jan. 8, 2010.

43. “They always try to make him out”: Wyatt, Vol. 1, p. 309.

44. “It was a disaster”: Ibid., p. 492.

45. “cold, drafty, and expensive”: James Murray interview.

46. The two queens took walks: June Webster interview; Helen Markham interview.

47. After dinner he played: Confidential interview.

48. “stripped naked”: Strong, p. 430.

49. In 1985 Diana had taken up: Smith, p. 197.

50. in November of the following year: Ibid., p. 212.

51. “warmth … understanding and steadiness”: Dimbleby, p. 481.

52. the tension was obvious enough: Sunday Times, Sept. 24, 1988.

53. “civilized space”: Penny Thornton, With Love from Diana, p. 52.

54. “new Diana”: Smith, p. 234.

55. Sarah was expected to live: Ibid., p. 239.

56. “bad royal”: Sarah, the Duchess of York, p. 148.

57. “crass, rude, raucous, and bereft”: Ibid., p. 155.

58. For a number of years”: People, April 24, 1989.

59. She was linked: Ibid.

60. as well as Camilla’s husband: Daily Mail, June 22, 2007.

61. “darling … affectionate terms”: People, April 24, 1989.

62. At the end of 1988 she had been reading: Monty Roberts interview.

63. “advance-and-retreat”: Monty Roberts, The Man Who Listens to Horses: The Story of a Real-Life Horse Whisperer, p. xxxi.

64. The Queen sent: Monty Roberts interview.

65. She invited some two hundred guests: The description of Roberts’s demonstration at Windsor Castle and the reactions from the royal family are drawn from author’s interview with Roberts and from his autobiography.

66. “I saw a mind open up”: Monty Roberts interview.

67. “knew every move”: Ibid.

68. “getting it right”: Ibid.

69. In 2011 she rewarded Roberts: The Mirror, June 11, 2011.

70. He offered to buy the horse: FitzGerald, p. 149.

71. The anger at Henry Carnarvon: Daily Telegraph, May 23, 2002.

72. “If you don’t make some sort”: Phil Dampier and Ashley Walton, What’s in the Queen’s Handbag and Other Royal Secrets, p. 107; Ian Balding interview.

73. “loud and sustained applause … swept off his Panama”: Daily Telegraph, May 23, 2002.

74. “The Queen has done something”: Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 81.

75. By then, she had countermanded: Daily Telegraph, May 23, 2002.

76. “Sonny Ramphal … was sitting in London”: Brian Mulroney interview.

77. “in charge of our own destiny”: David Airlie interview.

78. “give much more dignity and continuity”: Margaret Thatcher statement to the House of Commons on the Civil List, July 24, 1990.

79. She was in Paris at the time: Charles Powell interview.

80. “She’s a very understanding person”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 138. 353 “The Garter tends to go”: Charles Powell interview.

81. “very patriotic”: Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 403.

SIXTEEN:

Annus Horribilis

1. “I couldn’t pin down a difference”: Confidential interview.

2. “had a lot in common”: Seitz, p. 320.

3. “The Queen is rather formal”: George H. W. Bush interview by email, Aug. 25, 2009.

4. “freedom’s friend”: Boston Globe, May 15, 1991.

5. “we had a good laugh”: George H. W. Bush interview.

6. “The first thing I noticed”: George W. Bush interview by email, Jan. 18, 2011.

7. “No, Ma’am … God Save the Queen”: Ibid., Jan. 19, 2011.

8. “I teased her that it was her folks”: George H. W. Bush interview. 358 “left even the Secret Service”: New York Times, May 15, 1991.

9. “No wonder I cannot feel a stranger”: Washington Post, May 15, 1991. 358 “I do hope you can see me today”: Dallas Morning News, May 17, 1991.

10. “How are you doin?”: Washington Post, May 16, 1991.

11. “It’s the American way”: United Press International, May 15, 1991. 359 “What a waste”: Benedicte Valentiner interview.

12. “She was standing stock still”: Ibid.

13. “grazing happily”: Queen Elizabeth II to Ronald Reagan, July 15, 1990, Reagan Library.

14. “If you’ve got two-thirds”: E II R documentary.

15. “I am an amazing woman!”: Houston Chronicle, May 23, 1991.

16. Once again she could indulge: Ibid.

17. Sarah Farish greeted her with a kiss: Daily Express, May 24, 1991.

18. “humiliated that her husband”: The Sun, May 20, 1991.

19. Andrew and Fergie were misbehaving: People, March 11, 1991.

20. a sharply critical editorial: Sunday Times, Feb. 10, 1991.

21. “This is the first time”: Gay Charteris interview.

22. he rode a bicycle: Smith, p. 276.

23. “a frightful pinko”: Daily Telegraph, Nov. 14, 2008.

24. “exposing too much of the inner workings”: Confidential interview.

25. she readily agreed to set up a working group: David Airlie interview.

26. “She was not worried about how much she would pay”: Confidential interview.

27. An infuriated Andrew called in: Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 651.

28. an unusual personal statement: Confidential interview.

29. “Most people have a job”: E II R documentary.

30. “the dynamic sexiness”: Today, May 18, 1991.

31. “the marriage was indeed on the rocks”: Dimbleby, p. 592.

32. On the 7th: Sunday Times, June 7, 1992.

33. Despite persistent rumors: Smith, p. 276.

34. Known for his integrity: Ibid., p. 277.

35. “Not once was there the slightest hint”: Charles Anson interview.

36. In consultations with Fellowes: Smith, p. 278.

37. It was an emotional encounter: Burrell, p. 159.

38. “learn to compromise”: Ibid.

39. “Mama despaired”: Ibid., p. 158.

40. “in a friendly attempt to resolve”: Transcript of hearing into the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, Dec. 13, 2007, quoting statement from Prince Philip on Nov. 23, 2002.

41. “involved much more than simply”: Burrell, p. 161.

42. “stinging … wounding … irate”: Smith, p. 280.

43. “not a single derogatory term”: Brigadier Sir Miles Hunt-Davis testimony, transcript of hearing, Dec. 13, 2007.

44. “dearest Pa” and subsequent quotes from letters: Ibid.

45. “he never touched Diana’s heart”: Smith, p. 280.

46. Before the Morton book: Dimbleby, p. 588.

47. “I think it took a long time”: Patricia Brabourne interview.

48. “saint-like fortitude”: Bradford, p. 475.

49. “to keep a calm view”: Confidential interview.

50. “Can you imagine having two”: Patricia Brabourne interview.

51. “If I wanted help in understanding”: George Carey interview.

52. “The personalities were so different”: Ibid.

53. “became almost mutual support sessions”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 201.

54. “People don’t realize quite how strong”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

55. “some preparatory work”: Carey, p. 402.

56. “It was my pastoral duty”: Ibid., p. 405.

57. On Thursday, August 20: Daily Mirror, Aug. 20, 1992.

58. “It would be accurate to report”: Sarah, the Duchess of York, p. 21.

59. “I had been exposed for what I truly was”: Ibid., p. 19.

60. “furious”: Ibid., p. 23.

61. “I don’t see her because”: Brandreth, p. 329.

62. “The Queen had an affection”: Confidential interview.

63. Four days after the Mirror scoop: The Sun, Aug. 24, 1992.

64. “personally found great comfort”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 892.

65. “alternately despairing, defiant”: P. D. Jephson, Shadows of a Princess: An Intimate Account by Her Private Secretary, p. 307.

66. Once again, the Queen intervened: Burrell, p. 165.

67. Early in September: Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 94.

68. “take time and talk round it”: Confidential interview.

69. She was going into an audience: The Queen at 80, Sky News.

70. “It was the most shaken I ever saw her”: Confidential interview.

71. “It made all the difference to my sanity”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 892.

72. “lifting too much veil”: Confidential interview.

73. “She could see that it was a good thing”: Confidential interview.

74. as she had been in 1977: James Lees-Milne, Diaries, 1971–1983, p. 234.

75. “let Major persuade her”: Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 133.

76. “very miserable and mealy-mouthed”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

77. “one of the central features”: Confidential interview.

78. She was suffering: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 893.

79. “Nineteen ninety-two is not a year”: Annus Horribilis speech, Nov. 24, 1992, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

80. “intense and complex”: Daily Mail, Nov. 25, 1992.

81. “a year capable of scaring you”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

82. “in a state of desperation”: Dimbleby, p. 593.

83. “The Glums”: Smith, p. 284.

84. “he had no choice”: Dimbleby, p. 595.

85. “no plans to divorce”: Ibid.

86. “With hindsight it was a mistake”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 204.

87. The arrangements were so hastily made: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 894.

88. “prayers, understanding and sympathy”: Christmas Broadcast, Dec. 25, 1992, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

89. “with fresh hope”: Ibid.

SEVENTEEN: Tragedy and Tradition

1. “You’re a clever old thing”: Sunday Mirror, Jan. 17, 1993.

2. In a poll published: Smith, p. 284.

3. “to explain to the media”: BBC interview with David Airlie: transcript, Feb. 21, 1994.

4. “courtiers should be neither seen”: Ibid.

5. “She isn’t like you!”: David Airlie interview.

6. died in her suite: Los Angeles Times, Sept. 25, 1993.

7. who had hired two nurses: The Scotsman, Nov. 12, 2002.

8. The Queen came down: Margaret Rhodes interview.

9. “She simply stopped”: Daily Express, Sept. 3, 1998.

10. It was a tempestuous relationship: Smith, p. 317.

11. “time and space”: Today, Dec. 4, 1993.

12. Both the Queen and Prince Philip had urged: Smith, p. 310.

13. In an atmosphere thick with tension: Bradford, p. 487.

14. “I wasn’t paying enough attention!”: Elizabeth II to Ronald Reagan, Feb. 13, 1994, Reagan Library.

15. “She has no regard for color”: Wesley Kerr interview.

16. “Did you see your father”: Ibid.

17. “the clever manner in which she discussed”: Bill Clinton, My Life, p. 599.

18. “nodded and laughed”: Hillary Rodham Clinton, Living History, p. 238.

19. “was clearly happy”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 229.

20. but all were eclipsed by: Jonathan Dimbleby, Prince Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role, ITV, June 29, 1994.

21. “the myth that he had never intended”: Sunday Telegraph, July 3, 1994.

22. John Major was concerned: Wyatt, Vol, 3, p. 403.

23. “That Jonathan Dimbleby!”: Ibid., p. 453.

24. Paradoxically, the Soviet Communist Party: The Independent, Oct. 16, 1994.

25. “The monarchy is unshakeable”: Ibid.

26. When he tried to draw out: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 177.

27. “I thought the jewels were too much”: David Thomas interview. 383 “the Queen evoked a sort of nostalgia”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 207.

28. “attractive … very conceited”: Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 466. 383 “vulgar, vulgar, vulgar”: Daily Mail, Jan. 6, 1995. 383 “He’s got such a lot of wisdom”: Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 504.

29. “one of the outstanding experiences”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

30. He and Kenneth Kaunda: Robin Renwick, Baron Renwick of Clifton, interview.

31. “Let’s have him”: Turner, p. 193.

32. “huge emotional charge”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

33. “re-launched”: Smith, p. 339.

34. “She was nervous about the fact”: Robert Salisbury interview.

35. “The Queen’s eyes were brimming”: Pimlott, p. 575.

36. “superb performance”: Barbara Walters interview.

37. The princess spoke unflinchingly: Bashir interview, Panorama.

38. “Diana at her worst”: Sunday Telegraph, Sept. 7, 1997.

39. “advanced stages of paranoia”: The Guardian, Nov. 21, 1995.

40. a Gallup survey registered: Daily Telegraph, Nov. 27, 1995.

41. “very dangerous”: Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 577.

42. “took the BBC aback”: Confidential interview.

43. “early divorce … in the best interests”: Daily Telegraph, Dec. 21, 1995.

44. “with love from Mama”: Burrell, p. 222.

45. Elizabeth II remained predictably noncommittal: Jane Atkinson interview (Dec. 3, 1998).

46. “sensitivity and kindness”: Burrell, p. 229.

47. But Diana again overreached: Jane Atkinson interview.

48. “The decision to drop the title”: Daily Mail, March 1, 1996.

49. “co-parents”: Meredith Vieira interview with Prince Andrew, Today, Jan. 29, 2008.

50. “happiest unmarried couple”: Sarah Ferguson interview with Sky News, Feb. 24, 2010.

51. “regarded as a member of the royal family”: “Status and Role of the Princess of Wales,” statement from Buckingham Palace, July 12, 1996.

52. “has a special place in my heart”: ITN Reuters Television, July 10, 1996.

53. “let bygones be bygones”: New York Times, July 13, 1996.

54. “Should I dance?” Robin Renwick interview.

55. “To everyone’s surprise”: Ibid.

56. “has seldom been known”: New York Times, July 13, 1996.

57. Early in the new year they met: Tony Blair, A Journey: My Political Life, p. 135.

58. “fairly calculating terms”: Alastair Campbell, The Blair Years: Extracts from the Alastair Campbell Diaries, p. 152.

59. “radical combination”: Tony Blair, p. 135.

60. “an unpredictable meteor”: Ibid., p. 136.

61. “perfect fit”: Ibid., p. 134.

62. “We were both in our ways”: Ibid., p. 140.

63. “all teeth and no bite”: Burgess, p. 76.

64. “He had the nicest manners”: Johnson, p. 37.

65. “betrayal … understanding”: The Mirror, Sept. 4, 2010.

66. he tripped on the edge: Cherie Blair, Speaking for Myself: My Life from Liverpool to Downing Street, p. 186.

67. “The first was Winston”: Tony Blair, p. 16.

68. “I got a sense of my relative seniority”: The Times, May 22, 2002.

69. “general guff”: Tony Blair, p. 16.

70. “I can’t remember not curtsying”: Cherie Blair, p. 180.

71. “generally clucking sympathetically”: Tony Blair, p. 16.

72. “hot spring sunshine”: Queen Elizabeth II to Nancy Reagan, April 24, 1997, Ronald Reagan Library.

73. “opens the door”: Royalty Digest, No. 70, April 1997, p. 316.

74. “there’s a bit of her that is very”: Marr, The Queen at 80, BBC.

75. “A lot of people thought Britannia”: Confidential interview.

76. “Sea Days” for businessmen: The Royal Yacht Britannia Official Guidebook, p. 56.

77. “What an asset”: Alastair Campbell, p. 218.

78. “Lilibet” and “Philip”: Castle of Mey Visitors Book, Aug. 16, 1997.

79. “somewhat melancholy”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 909.

80. steamed past the coast twice: June Webster interview.

81. “With all our memories of you”: Castle of Mey Visitors Book, Aug. 16, 1997, Copyright HM the Queen.

82. “Oh what a heavenly day”: Ibid.

83. “an understanding of people’s emotions”: Bashir interview, Panorama.

84. Yet she also began to burden: Roberto Devorick interview (March 10, 1998); Elsa Bowker interview (Dec. 12, 1997).

85. “by cultivating the idea”: Andrew Neil interview (May 6, 1998).

86. they were embarrassed: Lacey, Monarch, p. 358.

87. the Queen wrote a note: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 910.

88. “global event like no other”: Tony Blair, p. 138.

89. “The Queen and Prince of Wales are deeply shocked”: Daily Mail, Sept. 4, 1997.

90. “philosophical, anxious for the boys”: Tony Blair, p. 140.

91. “the People’s Princess”: Ibid., p. 141.

92. “how difficult things were”: Lacey, Monarch, p. 360.

93. But the royal family thought: Alastair Campbell, p. 246.

94. “encourage the temptation”: Carey, p. 407.

95. “don’t pray for the souls”: Confidential interview.

96. “They handled it like ostriches”: Diana: The Week She Died, ITV documentary, 2006.

97. the princes wanted the comfort: Daily Telegraph, Sept. 27, 2009. 396 “talk to Mummy”: Lacey, Monarch, p. 358.

98. “To take them away to have nothing to do”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

99. “We can’t look at the files”: David Airlie interview.

100. “We wanted the people who had benefited”: Ibid.

101. “She was very happy with the charity workers”: Malcolm Ross interview.

102. “unique funeral for a unique person”: New York Times, Sept. 2, 1997.

103. “people’s funeral”: Alastair Campbell, p. 236.

104. “She is much better with paper”: Malcolm Ross interview.

105. “shrewd and savvy”: Tony Blair, p. 144.

106. “completely au fait”: Ibid.

107. “encouraged creative thinking”: Lacey, Monarch, p. 367.

108. “at a rate of 6,000 per hour”: Wilson, p. 326.

109. They heaped flowers: Author’s observations.

110. By Wednesday night: Daily Mail, Sept. 4, 1997.

111. “from the heart not the head”: Bashir interview, Panorama.

112. “I always believed the press would kill”: New York Times, Sept. 1, 1997.

113. “Happy now?”: Ibid.

114. “If only the royals dared weep”: New York Times, Sept. 4, 1997.

115. “The media were circling”: Confidential interview.

116. “They needed to direct it”: Tony Blair, p. 144.

117. “I think the thing that impressed”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

118. “Robin had to describe”: Malcolm Ross interview.

119. “all the royal family”: New York Times, Sept. 4, 1997.

120. “the fact that I was speaking”: Tony Blair, p. 148.

121. “as blunt as I needed to be”: Ibid., p. 149.

122. “very direct advice”: Ibid., p. 148.

123. “hide away”: Ibid., p. 149.

124. “If she had come down”: Diana: The Week She Died documentary.

125. The tabloids on Thursday morning: Washington Post, Sept. 5, 1997.

126. A survey by MORI: Robert Worcester interview.

127. “dangerous and unpleasant”: Alastair Campbell, p. 240.

128. “Robin Janvrin told me”: George Carey interview.

129. more important was the persuasiveness: Malcolm Ross interview.

130. “It was an extraordinary experience”: The Guardian, Feb. 13, 2010.

131. “It was the first time I’d heard”: The Guardian, Jan. 16, 2011, excerpt from Alastair Campbell Diaries, Vol. 2, Power and the People.

132. “was now very focused”: Tony Blair, p. 149.

133. “The royal family have been hurt”: Washington Post, Sept. 7, 1997.

134. “how you kindly arranged”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 911.

135. Philip suggested that on the eve: Alastair Campbell, p. 241.

136. “There was a very ugly atmosphere”: Marr, The Queen at 80 documentary.

137. “It wasn’t completely over with”: Ibid.

138. “Would you like me to place them”: Lacey, Monarch, pp. 378–79.

139. “Have you been queuing”: Marr, The Queen at 80 documentary.

140. “I just said how sorry I was”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

141. “spent a long time talking”: Marr, The Queen at 80 documentary.

142. “She knew it was something she should do”: Confidential interview.

143. “as a grandmother”: Alastair Campbell, p. 243.

144. “There were some last-minute discussions”: Tony Blair, p. 149.

145. “One run-through”: Wesley Kerr interview.

146. “an overwhelming expression of sadness”: Queen Elizabeth II speech following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, Sept. 5, 1997, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

147. “one of the very best speeches”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

148. “showed her compassion”: Carey, p. 409. 405 “near perfect”: Tony Blair, p. 149.

149. “unconvincing”: Alan Bennett, Untold Stories, pp. 214–15, Sept. 5, 1997, diary entry.

150. “There’s no putting on of a face”: Simon Walker interview.

151. “consumed by a total hatred”: The Guardian, Jan. 16, 2011, excerpt from Campbell Diaries, Vol. 2.

152. “If you don’t walk”: Daily Mail, Oct. 17, 2009, quoting Gyles Brandreth diary, Sept. 6, 1997.

153. The atmosphere on the sunny morning: Author’s observations.

154. “It was completely unexpected”: Marr, The Queen at 80 documentary.

155. “that there was already a readiness”: Shawcross, Queen and Country documentary.

156. “unashamedly populist and raw”: Carey, p. 410.

157. “your blood family”: “Diana, Princess of Wales,” BBC recording of the funeral service, BBC Worldwide Music, Sept. 6, 1997.

158. “those unnecessary words”: Carey, p. 411.

159. “It sounded like a rustle of leaves”: Charles Moore interview.

160. “were very kind”: Cherie Blair, p. 207.

161. “This is really weird”: Ibid.

162. “strangled cry”: Tony Blair, p. 151.

163. “assumed a certain hauteur”: Ibid., p. 152.

164. “mass movement for change”: Ibid., p. 143.

165. “protect the monarchy”: Ibid., p. 145.

EIGHTEEN: Love and Grief

1. Philip chaired the overall: Adam Nicolson, Restoration: The Rebuilding of Windsor Castle, pp. 74–75.

2. To replace the gutted private chapel: Ibid., pp. 231–40.

3. Philip’s sketches inspired: Ibid, pp. 264–65.

4. When Philip disagreed: Ibid., p. 240.

5. “modern reinterpretation”: BBC News, Nov. 17, 1997.

6. “Your Majesty, Your Majesty”: Confidential interview.

7. “tolerance is the one essential”: BBC News, Nov. 19, 1997.

8. “throat-catching moment”: Carey, p. 412.

9. “people’s banquet”: Associated Press, Nov. 20, 1997.

10. Dining with the Queen: BBC News, Nov. 19, 1997.

11. “the terrible test”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 216.

12. In her speech: Golden Wedding Speech, Nov. 20, 1997, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

13. “Philip’s obvious flirtations and his affairs”: Bradford, p. 401.

14. “I simply don’t know of anyone”: Daily Mail, Nov. 11, 1997.

15. “Philip’s great friend”: Patricia Brabourne interview.

16. “absolutely certain”: Ibid.

17. “He would never behave badly”: Ibid.

18. “riveting conversations”: Brandreth, p. 281.

19. “doesn’t mind when he flirts”: Pamela Hicks interview.

20. “quite honestly, what real evidence”: The Times, April 18, 2009.

21. “It was awful and she cried”: Confidential interview.

22. “It had not just been for work”: Confidential interview.

23. “represented freedom to her”: Confidential interview.

24. After support for a republic peaked: Robert Worcester interview.

25. Now Janvrin told Worcester: Ibid.

26. “too myopic and inward looking”: Confidential interview.

27. In general, the research: Robert Worcester interview.

28. “People start thinking about the future”: Ibid.

29. “My abiding impression”: Simon Lewis interview.

30. “It is not heart on the sleeve”: Confidential interview.

31. “imperceptible evolution … the Marmite theory”: Simon Walker interview.

32. “She has incredibly good instincts”: Simon Lewis interview.

33. “Time is not my dictator”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 903.

34. At age ninety-seven, she made another: Ibid., p. 912.

35. She had suffered: BBC News, Feb. 9, 2002.

36. she would call the Queen first thing: Josephine Louis interview.

37. “was almost like a poor relation”: Confidential interview.

38. “Sometimes Margaret was a very lonely”: Jane Rayne interview.

39. “After Tony, then Roddy, no one else”: Confidential interview.

40. Since the early 1980s: Annabel Whitehead to Nancy Reagan, Aug. 24, 1999, Reagan Library.

41. As late as May 1999: Queen Elizabeth II to Nancy Reagan, May 6, 1999, Reagan Library.

42. “How I’d love to be able to go out”: News of the World, April 1, 2001.

43. they organized as much as possible: Ibid.

44. “They picked up right away”: Gay Charteris interview.

45. “I know if Martin had lived”: Ibid.

46. “the greatest show on earth”: New York Times, Dec. 31, 1999.

47. “looked very pissed off”: Alastair Campbell, p. 513.

48. “It was pretty clear”: Ibid.

49. “ghastly”: Tony Blair, p. 261.

50. “The Queen had a central role”: Simon Lewis interview.

51. “the kingdom can still enjoy”: Queen Elizabeth II Christmas Broadcast, Dec. 25, 1997, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

52. “Now Blair, no more of this”: The Guardian, Jan. 16, 2011, excerpt from Campbell Diaries, Vol. 2.

53. “high regard for her street smarts”: Jonathan Powell interview.

54. “steadily on the national pulse”: The Times, May 22, 2002.

55. “It’s not just a question of knowing”: Marr, The Queen at 80 documentary.

56. “He was always working flat-out”: Confidential interview.

57. “very to the point … very direct”: The Times, May 22, 2002.

58. Cherie was impressed by: Cherie Blair, p. 304.

59. “I think he’s in the wrong party”: Confidential interview.

60. “not for the sake of buggering about”: Brandreth, p. 225.

61. “the first thing they talked about”: Gay Charteris interview.

62. “felt part of this rugged”: Queen Elizabeth II Sydney Opera House speech, March 30, 2000, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

63. “The Queen was always wondering”: Pamela Hicks interview.

64. The list of more than eight hundred guests: Program: Reception and Dance to Mark the Decade of Birthdays of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, the Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, the Princess Royal, the Duke of York, State Apartments, Windsor Castle, Wednesday, 21st June 2000.

65. There had been grumbling: Shawcross, QEQM, pp. 907–8.

66. the £643,000 allocated: Civil List Annual Report 2009, p. 60. 426 a cast of thousands: Shawcross, QEQM, pp. 1–2, 922.

67. “It was three years after”: Simon Lewis interview.

68. “Only one person can decide”: Confidential interview.

69. As they talked, one of the Queen’s corgis: Simon Walker interview. 427 “There was definitely a subtlety”: Ibid.

70. “Under-promise and over delivery”: Simon Walker, speech to PR Week Conference, March 2002.

71. emphasizing instead inclusiveness: Simon Walker interview.

72. The idea for the painting had come: BBC News, Dec. 20, 2001.

73. “the interior life or ‘inner likeness’ ”: Jane Roberts, Royal Treasures: A Golden Jubilee Celebration, catalogue entry 36, p. 110.

74. “a polar expedition”: Ibid.

75. he painted her in fifteen sittings: Oliver Everett interview.

76. a source of frustration for the artist: Richard Salmon interview; Jan. 25, 2011, email from Sarah Howgate, curator of Lucian Freud exhibit at the National Portrait Gallery.

77. She told the artist: Lucian Freud and Nicholas Haslam interview.

78. “I consider we got to know each other”: Ibid.

79. He had been fascinated: Daily Telegraph, March 13, 2004.

80. “Lucian had a whale of a time”: Clarissa Eden interview.

81. She said none of those things: News of the World, April 8, 2001.

82. “President Blair because”: Ibid.

83. “I have been reduced to tears”: Ibid., April 1, 2001.

84. “Sophie first of all respects her as the Queen”: Elizabeth Anson interview.

85. As the forty-third president and the Duke: The Times, July 20, 2001. 430 “natural connection”: George W. Bush interview. 430 “growing disbelief and total shock”: The Guardian, Aug. 18, 2002. 430 Malcolm Ross called Balmoral: Malcolm Ross interview.

86. the Queen had authorized the same gesture: Simon Walker interview.

87. Ross also made the novel suggestion: Malcolm Ross interview.

88. “Would you call the Queen?”: Jean Carnarvon interview.

89. “The Queen was devastated”: Ibid.

90. “When our National Anthem was played”: Jackie Davis interview.

91. “stunning sentence”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 233.

92. “Grief is the price we pay for love”: Christopher Meyer, DC Confidential: The Controversial Memoirs of Britain’s Ambassador to the U.S. at the Time of 9/11 and the Iraq War, p. 199.

93. they were carved in stone: Ibid., p. 201.

94. “Obviously there was a huge focus”: The Times, May 22, 2002.

95. “extremely unflattering … a travesty”: BBC News, Dec. 21, 2001.

96. “You gaze at it for half a minute”: Clarissa Eden interview.

97. “This is a painting of experience”: BBC News, Dec. 21, 2001.

98. “It could not have been painted ten years earlier”: Sandy Nairne interview.

99. Freud said the Queen looked: Lucian Freud interview.

100. “remarkable work”: The Scotsman, Dec. 21, 2001.

101. “feels real and earthy”: Jennifer Scott, The Royal Portrait: Image and Impact, p. 185.

102. “What a good idea!”: Anne Glenconner interview.

103. “Her quality of life was not good”: BBC News, Feb. 9, 2002.

104. “carried out the family tradition”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 929.

105. But to mark the fiftieth anniversary: BBC News, Feb. 6, 2002.

106. “had probably been a merciful release”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 930.

107. “depart without a fuss”: Carey, p. 415.

108. “rooted and firm”: Ibid., p. 413.

109. “It was the saddest I have ever seen”: Reinaldo Herrera interview.

110. she had regained her composure: Confidential interview.

111. “She went as scheduled”: Confidential interview.

112. “Missis Queen … The Queen Lady”: BBC News, Feb. 19, 2002.

113. “Most people much prefer to have a Queen”: Reuters, Feb. 26, 2002.

114. “Oh, my mother is only 101!”: Daily Telegraph, March 4, 2002.

115. “constantly”: Ibid.

116. but she had been lucid enough: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 931.

117. On the morning of March 30, 2002: Ibid., p. 932.

118. The two women exchanged a few private words: Margaret Rhodes interview.

119. At 3:15 in the afternoon: Ibid.

120. “very sad but dignified”: Alastair Campbell, p. 611.

121. “the original life enhancer”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 935.

122. The Queen and her advisers were concerned: Alastair Campbell, p. 610.

123. “UNCERTAIN FAREWELL REVEALS”: BBC News, April 9, 2002.

124. “It was very emotional for her”: Confidential interview.

125. “one of the most touching things”: Shawcross, QEQM, p. 935.

126. “beloved mother”: BBC News, April 9, 2002.

127. “the most magical grandmother”: The Guardian, April 2, 2002.

128. Sophie Wessex, Princess Anne: Ibid., April 9, 2002.

129. Just before the Queen’s broadcast: BBC News, April 9, 2002.

130. They described how they had taught: The Observer, April 7, 2002.

131. “Darling, lunch was marvelous”: Ibid.

132. Crown Jeweler David Thomas was up: David Thomas interview.

133. “like the sun”: Carey, p. 417.

134. “the senior royal lady”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

135. “a terrible wallop of grief”: Ibid.

136. “It was a huge thing”: Elizabeth Anson interview.

NINETEEN: Moving Pictures

1. “The British have lost the habit”: The Independent, Jan. 27, 2002.

2. In keeping with its “softly, softly”: Simon Walker interview.

3. Shipping magnate Jeffrey Sterling: The Times, March 14, 2002; Aug. 5, 2002.

4. A crucial part of the Palace strategy: Simon Walker interview.

5. Private polling and focus groups: Robert Worcester interview.

6. The Palace intentionally launched: Simon Walker interview.

7. “there was something truly pathetic”: Alastair Campbell, p. 618.

8. Afterward, Simon Walker suggested: Simon Walker interview.

9. “What a relief!”: Cherie Blair, p. 270.

10. “when she had been doing her professional”: Alastair Campbell, p. 619.

11. “Change has become a constant”: Daily Telegraph, May 1, 2002.

12. Only days earlier: The Guardian, April 24, 2002.

13. “an historic opportunity to bring”: Queen Elizabeth II speech during visit to Parliament buildings on Tuesday, May 14, 2002, Northern Ireland Assembly Website.

14. “It was important to have young support”: Simon Walker interview. 446 When Elizabeth II appeared: The Guardian, June 4, 2002. 446 who wore yellow earplugs: Ibid.

15. “50 extraordinary years”: The Independent, June 4, 2002.

16. “Deference may be inherited”: Ibid., June 5, 2002.

17. Fifty men who had been pages: Confidential interviews.

18. “The Queen coming to White’s”: Confidential interviews.

19. “People woke up and realized”: Charles Anson interview.

20. “have proved conclusively”: BBC News, June 5, 2002.

21. “The public felt the Queen was paying attention”: Robert Worcester interview.

22. “at length”: Burrell, p. 321.

23. He said that Diana’s mother: Ibid.

24. “he had taken some of the princess’s papers”: Buckingham Palace chronology of the Queen’s involvement in the Paul Burrell Case, Nov. 12, 2002, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

25. just one topic among many: Burrell, pp. 318–22; Report to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales by Sir Michael Peat and Edmund Lawson QC, March 13, 2002 (Peat Report), p. 75.

26. Three years later: Burrell, pp 340, 342–43.

27. the Queen was briefed several times: Buckingham Palace chronology; Peat Report, p. 76.

28. she didn’t think his passing reference: Peat Report, p. 74.

29. “private”: Ibid., p. 76.

30. Philip and Charles were discussing: Buckingham Palace chronology, Peat Report, p. 74.

31. “on a false premise”: New York Times, Nov. 1, 2002.

32. “old woman being forgetful”: The Independent, Nov. 3, 2002.

33. “She was playing patience”: Confidential interview.

34. “anything improper or remiss”: Peat Report, p. 77.

35. The previous November: The Times, Nov. 8, 2002.

36. “She drove her own Range Rover”: Nini Ferguson interview.

37. which required arthroscopic surgery: Buckingham Palace announcements, Jan. 13, 2003, Jan. 14, 2003, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

38. “languishing indoors”: Queen Elizabeth II to Monty Roberts, Jan. 19, 2003.

39. had an identical operation: Buckingham Palace announcements, Dec. 9, 2003, Dec. 12, 2003, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

40. “They are about 14 hands high”: Michael Oswald interview.

41. Now she would go instead: Margaret Rhodes interview.

42. Her cottage in Windsor Great Park: Author’s observations.

43. “How would you like to live in suburbia?”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

44. Each Sunday the Queen takes the wheel: Ibid.

45. “This may sound impertinent”: Robert Salisbury interview.

46. “more understanding of the wonders”: Monty Roberts interview.

47. a handsome high-ceilinged room: Author’s observations.

48. “Oh tell Malcolm not to be so silly”: Malcolm Ross interview.

49. “Never have I seen anyone”: Annabel Goldsmith interview.

50. “Oh yes … Robert and I were in a nightclub”: Robert Salisbury interview.

51. Twenty-five years the Queen’s junior: Daily Mail, April 11, 2006.

52. “there is lots of jolly laughter”: Anne Glenconner interview.

53. “She has moved into the vacuum”: Confidential interview.

54. “Angela understands the Queen needs”: Confidential interview.

55. “I have heard that Damien Hirst”: Piers Allen interview.

56. “Angela will come up with something”: Confidential interview.

57. “As Bush arrives, we reveal Mirrorman”: The Mirror, Nov. 19, 2003.

58. Inside the paper were fourteen pages: Ibid.

59. “not nearly haughty enough”: Sunday Times, Nov. 23, 2003.

60. “our man’s exposé of Windsor”: The Mirror, Nov. 20, 2003.

61. “a highly objectionable invasion”: Daily Express, Nov. 25, 2003.

62. he timed publication: The Guardian, Nov. 21, 2003.

63. all of which had an improvised feel: Ibid., Nov. 29, 2003.

64. “She was unruffled”: George W. Bush interview.

65. “It was like old friends week”: Catherine Fenton interview.

66. “Whatever did you do that for, man?”: Tony Blair, p. 305.

67. Debate over the ban consumed: The Spectator, Sept. 11, 2010.

68. “absurd”: Tony Blair, p. 306.

69. “play politics with him”: The Guardian, July 2, 2011, excerpting Power and Responsibility: The Alastair Campbell Diaries, Vol. 3, 1999–2001, by Alastair Campbell.

70. “Fox hunting is just vermin control”: News of the World, April 8, 2001.

71. he later acknowledged: Tony Blair, p. 305.

72. “She is a countrywoman”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

73. In her own quiet way, the Queen lobbied: Confidential interview.

74. “one of the domestic legislative measures”: Tony Blair, p. 304.

75. “allowed a compromise proposal”: The Spectator, Sept. 11, 2010.

76. Her appearance at the two Golden Jubilee concerts: People, June 17, 2002.

77. “Camilla never whines”: Confidential interview.

78. “It’s just two old people”: The Times, April 9, 2005, April 10, 2005.

79. “Her decision assuredly had nothing”: Ibid., April 8, 2005.

80. “I have two very important announcements”: Sunday Times, April 10, 2005.

81. “There was a huge roar of approval”: Ibid.

82. “my darling Camilla”: The Times, April 11, 2005.

83. “I’m going on Larry King”: Confidential interview.

84. Princes William and Harry kissed: Daily Telegraph, April 11, 2005.

85. “a better understanding”: Clarence House press release, Nov. 26, 2005.

86. “pushed … quite stubborn”: BBC interview with Prince William, Nov. 19, 2004.

87. “I want to express my admiration”: Marr, The Queen at 80 documentary.

88. “There in one of the archways”: Confidential interview.

89. “Is it all right if I touch her?”: Confidential interview.

90. “That was unusual for the British”: Charles Powell interview.

91. “darling mama”: The Times, April 21, 2006.

92. “I understand you think”: Robert Tuttle interview.

93. In that spirit, she joined: Daily Express, March 17, 2006. 464 “just smiled back”: Daily Telegraph, March 31, 2006.

94. “Prince Philip has experience”: Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire, interview.

95. “She was most interested”: Ibid.

96. When the BBC proposed: Interview with Rolf Harris, January 2006, Royal Insight, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

97. “We made the Queen a Hollywood star”: Stephen Frears interview.

98. a lifelong republican whose newfound admiration: Helen Mirren interview.

99. “What is brilliant”: Frances Campbell-Preston interview.

100. “I gather there’s a film”: Graydon Carter interview with Tony Blair, June 24, 2009, VF.com.

101. “Because it showed why”: Confidential interview.

102. One of Elizabeth II’s friends gently ribbed: Confidential interview.

103. “I suppose it depends on your point of view”: Monty Roberts interview.

104. “rang true”: Nancy Reagan interview.

105. Palace officials were delighted: Confidential interview.

106. “You know, for fifty years and more”: Helen Mirren Oscar acceptance speech, Feb. 25, 2007.

TWENTY: A Soldier at Heart

1. Leibovitz was surprised to learn: Annie Leibovitz, At Work, p. 189.

2. “She came all the way by herself!”: Ibid., pp. 186–87.

3. “I don’t have much time”: Ibid., p. 189.

4. “Less dressy!” Ibid.

5. “feisty”: Ibid.

6. “an appropriate mood”: Ibid., p. 184.

7. “The Queen examined them closely”: Washington Post, April 5, 2007.

8. “Do you play football too?”: Kevin Sullivan interview.

9. “You should have some things like that!”: Daily Telegraph, May 5, 2007.

10. Now her new bloodstock adviser: Michael Oswald interview.

11. “Nobody pays any attention”: Confidential interview.

12. Anticipating the Queen’s interest: Amy Zantzinger interview.

13. “She gave me a look”: CBS News, March 31, 2009.

14. “it was sad that security was so tight”: Confidential interview.

15. “So glad to see you”: Frolic Weymouth interview.

16. “the sweetest thing”: Laura Bush, Spoken from the Heart, p. 390.

17. “vital wartime alliance”: White House Press Office transcript of remarks by President Bush and Queen Elizabeth II at a White House state dinner, May 7, 2007.

18. “It was the perfect retort”: George W. Bush interview.

19. “a lacuna”: Tony Blair, p. 608.

20. “some good information”: Robert Hardman, Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work, p. 170.

21. “tremendously respectful of the royal family”: Simon Lewis interview.

22. “what works and what doesn’t”: Hardman, p. 170.

23. “she’ll be talking about things”: Ibid.

24. When the Queen was with friends: Anne Glenconner interview.

25. “brought a certain amount of heavy weather”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

26. “With the absence of her mother and sister”: Confidential interview.

27. When he was away: Margaret Rhodes interview.

28. “They are not physically demonstrative”: Confidential interview.

29. “His approach is much more restless”: George Carey interview.

30. “not a sweet old Darby and Joan”: McDonald, The Duke documentary.

31. “I don’t read the tabloids”: Paxman, p. 237.

32. After Philip took one too many: Daily Express, May 2, 2010.

33. “on Her Majesty’s instruction”: Tony Parnell interview.

34. “incredibly stupid birds”: McDonald, The Duke documentary.

35. “Her taste was very modest”: Tony Parnell interview.

36. “He wore a cap like a taxi driver”: Frolic Weymouth interview.

37. “That speech contained more jargon”: Chris Mullin, A View from the Foothills: The Diaries of Chris Mullin, p. 429.

38. The Queen appeared in the same double strand: Daily Mail, Nov. 19, 2007.

39. “Let us love one another”: BBC News, Nov. 19, 2007.

40. “a life where duty spoke”: Daily Telegraph, Nov. 20, 2007.

41. As they had with his older sister: Daily Mail, April 21, 2008.

42. Since the invasions: Gen. Charles Guthrie interview.

43. “The royal family has pride and joy”: Ibid.

44. Once she helpfully sent: Ibid.

45. “Do the Welsh Guards have new uniform”: Johnny Martin-Smith interview.

46. “The Queen has an eagle eye”: Confidential interview.

47. “wouldn’t read a three-volume history”: Charles Guthrie interview.

48. “You could tell her what you thought”: Ibid.

49. “She knew we had too many regiments”: Jonathan Powell interview.

50. Speaking to one of the army chiefs: Confidential interview.

51. “It is a traditional thing to do”: Charles Guthrie interview.

52. despite the well-documented fact: Smith, p. 212.

53. He was determined: Daily Telegraph, Feb. 28, 2008.

54. Army Chief of Staff Sir Richard Dannatt vetoed: Prince Harry deployment update, PrinceofWales.gov.uk, May 15, 2007.

55. “turn to the right and carry on”: BBC News interview with Prince Harry, Feb. 28, 2008.

56. They decided to deploy Harry: Sky News, Feb. 28, 2008.

57. “I think she’s relieved”: BBC interview with Prince Harry, Feb. 28, 2008.

58. “ ‘mucking in’ with every other soldier”: Daily Telegraph, Feb. 29, 2008.

59. “All my wishes have come true”: Ibid.

60. “it’s very nice to be sort of a normal person”: BBC News interview with Prince Harry, Feb. 28, 2008.

61. an opsimath, she calls herself: Bennett, p. 48.

62. “had a much better bite at the carrot”: Ibid. 482 “by analysis and reflection”: Ibid., p. 113. 482 “Oh do get on!”: Ibid., p. 49.

63. “offered yet another reason to think warmly”: New York Times Book Review, Sept. 30, 2007.

64. “It was shared, it was common”: Bennett, p. 31.

65. “It’s very informal”: Mark Collins interview.

66. At the invitation of a conservation group: Confidential interviews.

67. The following July she watched: BBC News, July 20, 2009.

68. She even started taking: Daily Mail, Dec. 17, 2009; Daily Telegraph, Feb. 8, 2010.

69. “We have seen less of them”: Confidential interview.

70. The children of her longtime friends: Confidential interview.

71. When one of her bridesmaids: Elizabeth Longman interview; Freddy Van Zevenbergen interview.

72. “a wall”: Daily Telegraph, June 21, 2008.

73. “I’ve done it!”: Ibid., June 19, 2008; Ian Balding interview.

74. “I wouldn’t have been invited”: Helen Mirren interview.

75. “I expect you think”: The Guardian, Nov. 24, 2006.

76. “For Prince Philip and me”: BBC News, Nov. 12, 2008.

77. “All her programs are done with great cleverness”: Malcolm Ross interview.

78. “she instantly spots it”: Confidential interview.

79. “Why did no one see it coming?”: The Guardian, Nov. 18, 2008.

80. “The general feeling is she is more approachable”: Confidential interview.

81. Philip began writing letters: Daily Mail, April 17, 2009.

82. Elizabeth II eventually took up cell phones: The Times, Oct. 17, 2008.

83. At the suggestion of Prince Andrew: Daily Telegraph, April 1, 2009.

84. “a great googler”: Confidential interview.

85. “Just come back from jogging?”: Daily Mail, Oct. 17, 2008.

86. “Lovely little thing isn’t it?”: The Times, Oct. 17, 2008.

87. During a shooting weekend: Confidential interview.

88. “At long last my grandparents are reunited”: Ashe Windham, “A Fitting Memorial to Queen Elizabeth,” Friends of the Castle of Mey Newsletter, April 2009. p. 5.

89. Elizabeth II was only scheduled: Elizabeth Anson interview.

90. “She knows every inch”: Charles Powell interview.

91. “few dogged bastions of republicanism”: The Times, April 29, 2011.

92. “I am very pleased to be in Kingston”: David Pogson, senior press officer, Buckingham Palace Press Office.

93. When the Queen was younger: Confidential interview. 489 To help prepare the Queen: Susan Cunliffe-Lister interview.

94. When the train pulled into the Hull station: Author’s observations.

95. “She has an amazing ability to scan”: Phil Brown interview. 490 She talked across the table: Author’s observations.

96. “was picking at her bread roll”: Maria Raper interview.

97. “SHE’S A ROYAL TONIC”: Hull Daily Mail, March 6, 2009.

98. “as a signal of the strong”: Daily Telegraph, Feb. 16, 2009.

99. The first lady even confided: Confidential interview.

100. “The Queen knows when she enters”: Brian Mulroney interview.

101. “frightfully funny”: Confidential interview.

102. After ten seconds, the Queen dropped: Daily Mail timed sequence of photos, April 3, 2009.

103. “It happened spontaneously”: Peter Wilkinson interview.

104. “unthinkable”: The Guardian, April 2, 2009.

105. “mutual and spontaneous display”: Confidential interview.

106. a ritual that invariably prompted: Confidential interview.

107. The Queen was a smiling icon: Author’s observations.

108. “no visible signs of flagging”: Sir Richard Gozney interview.

109. She had a four-hour stretch: Confidential interview.

110. “I have to be seen to be believed”: Longford, Elizabeth R, p. 5.

111. For her four-hour flight: Author’s observations.

112. In years past: Duncan, p. 19; Morrow, pp. 111, 118.

113. “Every word she says”: Kamalesh Sharma interview.

114. “The Commonwealth is very much her legacy”: Brian Mulroney interview.

115. “many of us would have left”: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 48.

116. She could discuss grazing rights: Bradford, p. 229.

117. or a particular leader’s fishing habits: Shawcross, Q and C, p. 201.

118. favorite hymns: Margaret Rhodes interview.

119. “Commonwealth psychotherapist”: The Times, April 16, 1986.

120. “doesn’t look at photographers”: Robin Nunn interview.

121. Elizabeth II was interested in seeing: Eric Jenkinson interview.

122. The Queen seemed unperturbed: Author’s observations.

123. filming for the monarchy’s website: Peter Wilkinson interview.

124. The schedule called for 4.5 minutes: Eric Jenkinson interview.

125. “I don’t have time to use it much!”: Author’s observations.

126. Pausing briefly: Eric Jenkinson interview.

127. “That was a seamless”: Confidential interview.

128. “I sometimes think”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

TWENTY-ONE: Long Live the Queen

1. “How kind they are to me!”: Lytton Strachey, p. 156.

2. “Three cheers for the Queen!”: Lacey, Monarch, p. 40.

3. “Her reputation now is as high”: Charles Powell interview.

4. “the largest flotilla”: Diamond Jubilee Foundation statement, April 5, 2011.

5. “oiled and manacled MPs”: The Guardian, April 5, 2011.

6. “ideas” year: Confidential interview.

7. “Republicanism isn’t even an esoteric”: The Times, Nov. 13, 2009. 501 In one movie theater after another: The Guardian, Nov. 12, 2011.

8. “On the whole she quite liked it”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

9. “redressing the economic balance”: Queen Elizabeth II Christmas Broadcast, Dec. 25, 1983, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

10. “the sheet anchor in the middle”: David Airlie interview.

11. She had first glimpsed: Daily Mail, May 10, 2010.

12. “constitutional obligation”: Ibid., July 29, 2010.

13. “It was important for Geidt”: Simon Lewis interview.

14. “I can’t keep the Queen waiting”: Ibid.

15. “a big generous offer”: Daily Mail, July 29, 2010. 503 “I said I couldn’t be totally sure”: Ibid.

16. the Queen’s treasurer took: Civil List Act of 1972, Report of the Royal Trustees, June 22, 2010 (Treasury Report), “Background Information and Review of Performance,” p. 6.

17. By 2009, yearly Civil List: Treasury Report, p. 33.

18. “careful housekeeping” HM Treasury, Budget Announcement on the Civil List for 2011, June 22, 2010.

19. In addition, Elizabeth II planned: Treasury Report, p. 61.

20. Charles spent £9 million: The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall Annual Review 2010 (PoW Annual Review), p. 40.

21. “so that my successors do not”: The Independent, Oct. 21, 2010.

22. “adversely high”: The Mail, Oct. 24, 2010.

23. Buckingham Palace has been losing: The Mail, July 5, 2010.

24. To recognize two of her ladies-in-waiting: Confidential interview.

25. “credit crunch couture”: The Times, Oct. 22, 2009.

26. her £1.3 million catering: Treasury Report, p. 33.

27. “We have no experts in royal history”: Confidential interview.

28. “We are not about demystifying”: Ibid.

29. “the space of young people”: Ibid.

30. which costs the British government: Daily Telegraph, May 30, 2010.

31. plus his £249,000: Daily Mail, July 12, 2010.

32. Government officials credited: Financial Times, May 23, 2010.

33. His lobbying for British industry: The Guardian, Nov. 29, 2010.

34. “It’s not about the power”: Daily Telegraph, Oct. 24, 2009.

35. Nevertheless, Andrew’s questionable associates: Buckingham Palace statement, July 21, 2011; BBC News, July 21, 2011.

36. She even won the approval: Daily Telegraph, Aug. 9, 2010.

37. employing eleven: Daily Mail, May 29, 2010; Financial Times, May 23, 2010.

38. “never does accept a penny … lick of the spoon”: Sunday Times, May 23, 2010.

39. “sincerely sorry”: The Independent, May 24, 2010.

40. The guest of honor was: Daily Telegraph, Aug. 1, 2010.

41. On August 2, 2010, Charles assumed: Ashe Windham interview.

42. He raised more than £110 million: PoW Annual Review, p. 24.

43. “He has made a full life”: Nancy Reagan interview.

44. “is high octane”: Confidential interview.

45. “He is probably an instinctively”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

46. “has no illusions”: Charles Anson interview.

47. “Camilla soothes things”: Anne Glenconner interview.

48. “You sense he maneuvers”: Confidential interview.

49. “that person is for or against”: Confidential interview.

50. “It is fair to say when he feels”: Patricia Brabourne interview.

51. When he goes to stay at Sandringham: Confidential interview.

52. he is known to eat a different meal: Roy Strong interview and confidential interview.

53. “as good if not better”: Confidential interview.

54. When Anne Glenconner’s sister got cancer: Anne Glenconner interview.

55. Charles has eleven: PoW Annual Review, pp. 54–56.

56. “There is nobody I admire more”: Malcolm Ross interview.

57. “revolution … mechanistic approach”: Daily Mail, Dec. 18, 2010.

58. “no separation between man and nature”: Wall Street Journal, June 15, 2010.

59. “huge oversimplification”: BBC News, June 6, 2000. 513 “we have been genetically modifying”: Ibid.

60. “the same argument that says”: The Guardian, July 2, 2011, excerpt from Vol. 3, The Alastair Campbell Diaries.

61. “were becoming unhelpful”: Daily Mail, July 18, 2010.

62. “She has allowed Prince Charles to work”: Malcolm Ross interview.

63. “It is not a cozy relationship”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

64. “That will be a defining moment”: Confidential interview.

65. allocating forty seconds to each: Malcolm Ross interview.

66. “hospital nurse or nanny”: Beaton, The Unexpurgated Beaton, p. 231.

67. Keeping eye contact: Author’s observations; Strong, pp. 313, 317.

68. “furiously writing letters”: Confidential interview.

69. In 2009–10 he personally wrote: PoW Annual Review, p. 45.

70. “privately delighted”: Lacey, Monarch, p. 391.

71. “Oh, that’s something I can’t do”: George Carey interview.

72. “unless I get Alzheimer’s”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

73. “But even then she wouldn’t retire”: Ibid.

74. “The principals don’t tweak”: Malcolm Ross interview.

75. “as the central church to her”: Confidential interview.

76. “It is better not to have to think”: Bloomberg News, Nov. 19, 2010.

77. “The settled rule and strong custom”: Kenneth Rose interview.

78. “We’ll see, won’t we?”: Daily Mail, Nov. 19, 2010.

79. “find ways to allow girls and women”: Speech opening the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting, Oct. 28, 2011, Official Website of the British Monarchy.

80. “This is a matter for the government”: Confidential interview.

81. “defender of faith”: Sunday Times, Nov. 16, 2008. Jonathan Dimbleby wrote, “Prince Charles told me in 1994 that when he inherits the crown he wants to become ‘defender of faith.’ … This does not mean that he foresees any difficulty in swearing to become “defender of the faith.” … He sees no constitutional or spiritual contradiction in being both that and a ‘defender of faith.’ ”

82. “absolutely determined to be the defender of nature”: Vanity Fair, Nov. 2010.

83. “obviously it would be nice”: Daily Telegraph, Nov. 13, 2008.

84. “active … to speak out on matters”: Sunday Times, Nov. 16, 2008.

85. “fully accepts that as king”: Daily Mail, Nov. 17, 2008.

86. “in a different way than my predecessors”: Vanity Fair, Nov. 2010.

87. “Of course they really shouldn’t”: Ibid.

88. “curious mixture of the traditional and the radical”: Tony Blair, p. 146.

89. “One of the main purposes of the monarchy”: Kenneth Rose interview.

90. “appalling old waxworks”: Paxman, p. 181.

91. “With a bit of luck, he will be old enough”: Robert Salisbury interview.

92. “Life changes overnight when you inherit the throne”: David Airlie interview.

93. “not spoiled or stubborn”: Confidential interview.

94. “he will have to shake the bloody hand”: Andrew Roberts interview.

95. “Whilst the vast majority”: Daily Telegraph, March 8, 2010.

96. “command the same respect”: Daily Mail, Nov. 30, 2010.

97. An ICM research poll: Time, Nov. 22, 2010.

98. Before his visit, polls consistently showed: The Mail on Sunday, Jan. 24, 2010.

99. “My grandmother once said”: New Zealand Herald, March 19, 2011.

100. “He came, he saw, he charmed”: Herald Sun, March 20, 2011.

101. “He would likely lose the resources”: As part of the Sovereign Grant bill passed by Parliament in October 2011 to change the funding of the royal family, Duchy of Cornwall revenues will be given to an heir to the throne who is not the Duke of Cornwall, enabling a firstborn daughter to receive that significant inheritance for the first time.

102. “There is no question in Prince William’s mind”: Sunday Telegraph, Nov. 27, 2010.

103. “The future could not be more optimistic”: Malcolm Ross interview.

104. “We get along really well”: BBC interview, Nov. 19, 2004.

105. “He learns a lot by osmosis”: Confidential interview.

106. “They don’t want to be Hello magazine princes”: Confidential interview.

107. “With William and Harry we are easing into that”: Confidential interview.

108. Even more significant was the Queen’s assertiveness: Confidential interview.

109. “He is not only wise”: Charles Anson interview.

110. “sleeping rough”: Associated Press, Dec. 22, 2009.

111. “These kinds of events are much more fulfilling”: Sunday Times, Dec. 27, 2009.

112. “I had the piss taken out of me”: Sunday Telegraph, Jan. 24, 2010.

113. “loving and caring”: Tom Bradby interview with Prince William and Catherine Middleton, ITV, Nov. 16, 2010.

114. “absolutely delighted”: Confidential interview.

115. “had a little chat”: Bradby interview, ITV, Nov. 16, 2010.

116. “They have been practicing long enough!”: BBC News, Nov. 16, 2010.

117. “a great cheer … banging of the table”: Daily Telegraph, Nov. 16, 2010.

118. “big, beer-loving lug”: Ibid., Dec. 26, 2010.

119. Kelly was a Canadian management consultant: CTV, Dec. 30, 2010.

120. “From the pit to the Palace”: Malcolm Ross interview.

121. “We’re both down-to-earth”: Prince William and Catherine Middleton photocall interview, St. James’s Palace, Nov. 16, 2010.

122. “great, loving boyfriend”: Bradby interview, ITV, Nov. 15, 2010.

123. The Queen was deeply involved: Confidential interview.

124. Even the Queen and Prince Philip had an allocation: Ibid.

125. she arranged for Angela Kelly’s staff: Margaret Rhodes interview.

126. For more than ninety minutes, Elizabeth II mingled: Author’s observations.

127. “Usually when members of the royal family”: Confidential interview.

128. “Come on, you two”: Author’s observations.

129. “And everyone was so friendly”: Confidential interview.

130. She spent nearly a half hour: Author’s observations.

131. but had resumed her daily outing: Confidential interview.

132. “It is absolutely natural”: Daily Telegraph, May 1, 2011.

133. “deeply unpretentious”: BBC News, April 21, 2011.

134. “You are beautiful”: Daily Mail, April 30, 2011.

135. “Well, are you happy?” The Mail on Sunday, May 1, 2011.

136. “amazing”: Daily Mail, April 30, 2011.

137. They were also being followed by 400 million: The Times, April 30, 2011.

138. 237 tweets per second: The Independent, May 1, 2011.

139. “for the nation to come together”: The Times, April 30, 2011.

140. “the team of the future”: Daily Mail, April 29, 2011.

141. where the springtime floral decorations included: Confidential interview.

142. “The venue was palatial”: Sunday Telegraph, May 1, 2011.

143. During a visit with her: New Zealand Herald, April 27, 2011.

144. a thoughtful gesture that she mentioned: Confidential interview.

145. More than half of the country’s adults: Daily Telegraph, May 4, 2011.

146. “thrilled to have a daughter”: The Times, April 30, 2011.

147. “push his wheelchair”: Sunday Times, May 1, 2011.

148. “allowing us to invade”: Confidential interview.

149. “for putting up with numerous”: Sunday Times, May 1, 2011.

150. “William and Catherine were coming down to earth”: Margaret Rhodes interview.

151. numbers that astonished Palace officials: Confidential interview.

152. In a YouGov poll: Sunday Times, May 1, 2011.

153. “Wow, wow, wow”: BBC News, May 20, 2011.

154. “not always been straightforward”: Reuters, May 18, 2011.

155. “helped to release … sorrow”: Irish Times, May 21, 2011.

156. “sincere expression of sympathy”: Daily Telegraph, May 20, 2011.

157. “I don’t think anybody could have achieved”: Financial Times, May 20, 2011.

158. “left us feeling a bit better”: Ibid.

159. “essential”: The Economist, May 26, 2011.

160. “for the grandson of a Kenyan”: The Guardian, May 25, 2011.

161. The Queen herself gave them a tour: New York Times, May 24, 2011.

162. a private twenty-minute meeting: Daily Mail, May 26, 2011.