Much of the backstory and many of the incidents recounted in this book are real. Here's a partial bibliography.
Defection of Iranian general Ali Reza Asgari: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1601814,00.html.
National Intelligence Estimate on Iranian nuclear efforts: http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20071203_release.pdf.
Victor Litvinenko assassination by polonium radiation poisoning: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article756950.ece.
Rendition of Abu Omar from Milan: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n15/foot02_.html.
Aviation hobbyists expose CIA rendition flights: http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=65446.
Special operations “military liaison elements”: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/08/international/americas/08forces.html?pagewanted=print;http://www.specwarnet.net/americas/isa.htm.
Russia governed by siloviki, ex-KGB, and ex-military: http://www.monitor.upeace.org/archive.cfm?id_article=107.
Chinese antisatellite efforts: http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/asat.htm.
Russian cyberwarfare efforts: http://it.slashdot.org/it/07/05/17/1248215.shtml.
Eighth Air Force Cyber Command: http://www.af.mil/news/storyasp?id=123030505.
CIA: Hackers to blame for power outages: http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/09/26/power.at.risk/index.html.
Wrongful prosecution of Iranian-American businessman Alex Latin: http://harpers.org/archive/2008/02/hbc-90002484.
CIA/mafia connection: http://www.upi.com/Security_Terrorism/Briefing/ 2007/06/26/family_jewels_detail_castro_mafia_plot/6711/; http://www.edwardjayepstein.com/archived/castro.htm.
Executive order prohibiting assassination: http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A63203-20010ct27?language=printer.
Dark Avenger and the polymorphic engine: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Avenger.
Adam Young, Moti Yung, and cryptovirology: http://www.cryptovirology.com/
Chinese cyberwarfare initiatives: http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystorycfm?story_id=9769319 &CFID=11752607 &CFTOKEN=ccdd4740076c5dcl-43Bl0757-B27C-BB00-012901C5EA08C4BB.
Abuse of national security letters (NSLs): http://www.salon.com/opinion/greenwald/2008/03/06/nsls/index.html.
National Security Agency domestic spy program: http://wsj.com/public/article_print/SB120511973377523845.html?mod=djm_HAWSJSB_Welcome.
FISA and warrantless eavesdropping: http://www.salon.com/opinion/greenwald/2008/02/14/fisa_101/.
The Quantico circuit and warrentless eavesdropping: http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/03/whistleblower-f.html.
The Bay Area and Istanbul locations that appear in this book are described, as always, as I have found them.