Gallipoli

Index

Abdul Hamid,

Abydos,

Achi Baba,

Agamemnon, H.M.S.,

Aghyldere,

Albion, H.M.S.,

Allanson, Major,

Allenby, Field-Marshal,

Anafarta Sagir,

Anzac bridgehead, April 25 landing; description of,

Anzio,

Arcadian, S.S.,

Ari Burnu,

Arif,

Armenians, massacre of,

Arno,

Ashmead-Bardett, Ellis,

Askold,

Aspinall, Colonel (Brig.-General Cecil Aspinall-Oglander),

Asquith, Rt. Hon. H. H.,

Attlee, Clement,

Ayas Bay,

Bailloud, General,

Baldwin, General,

Balfour, A. J.,

Barbarossa Harradin,

Battleship Hill,

Blamey, Field-Marshal Sir Thomas,

Bedri,

Birdwood, General Sir William, sent to Dardanelles; does not believe Fleet can get through; would risk a landing; commands Anzac Corps; advises landing at Bulair; confident; at Gaba Tepe; commands Anzac landing; asks to abandon bridgehead; determined to advance; his position attacked; wounded; warns of attack; takes part in truce; always in front line; urges attack on Sari Bair; plans attack; reproved by Hamilton for discussing plan; deception scheme at Anzac; secretly disembarks new troops; struggle for Sari Bair; leads August 6 attack; prepares new onslaught on Sari Bair; criticized by Murdoch; against evacuation; appointed temporary C.-in-C.; rejects appointment; comes round to idea of evacuation; his part in Keyes-Munro argument; remains in Gallipoli; anxiety over lack of secrecy; ashore for last time; eager to evacuate Helles; lives to be ninety-six,

Bompard, French Ambassador in Constantinople,

Bosphorus,

Bouvet,

Boyle, Lt.-Commander, V.C.,

Braithwaite, General,

Breslau,

Bridges, General,

British Naval Mission to Turkey,

Brooke, Rupert,

Bulair,

Bulgaria,

Byng, General Sir Julian,

Caldwell, General,

Canopus, H.M.S.,

Cape Helles; April 25 landing; evacuation,

Carden, Vice-Admiral,

Carson, Lord,

Carthage,

Casualties, at Cape Helles up to July; total in campaign,

Cattaro,

Caucasus,

Chanak,

Charlemagne,

Chatham, H.M.S.,

Chocolate Hill,

Christian, Rear-Admiral,

Chunuk Bair,

Churchill, Major Jack,

Churchill, Winston, requisitions Turkish warships; plans attack on Turkey; telegram to Carden; support of Carden’s plan; his description of Kitchener; influence on Admiralty; mistrust of; argument with Fisher; encourages Carden; appoints de Robeck; presses for naval attack; quarrel with Fisher; removed from Admiralty; Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster; described by Ashmead-Bartlett; urges reinforcement Gallipoli; prevented from visiting Gallipoli; still supports Gallipoli; likes Keyes’ plan; removed from War Committee; goes to fight in France; criticism of; publishes The World Crisis,

Cochrane, Lt.-Commander,

Committee of Union and Progress,

Constantine, King of Greece,

Constantinople, atmosphere in 1914; remoteness; vulnerability; and importance; reaction to first Gallipoli bombardment; rumours and situation in May; submarine scare; reception of the Allies,

Cornwallis, H.M.S.,

Crewe, Lord,

Courtnay’s Post,

Curzon, Lord,

D’Amade, General,

Dardanelles, importance to Russia; closed; trade never revived; defence of,

Darlington, Colonel,

Dartmouth, H.M.S.,

Davies, Lt.-General Sir Francis,

de Lisle, General,

Djavid,

Djemal,

d’Oyley-Hughes, Lt.-Commander,

Duckworth, Admiral,

Egypt,

Einstein, Lewis,

Enver, described by Harold Nicolson; early life and character; position in 1914 of; admiration of Germany; negotiates with Wangenheim; proposes alliance with Russia; breaks it; expedition to the Caucasus; confident of victory; becomes dictator; dealings with von Sanders; personal success; sends hostages to Gallipoli; row with Kemal; no longer confident; orders 9 divisions to Thrace; flees to Germany and Russia; in 1922 reported dead,

Eren Keui Bay,

Eski Hissarlik Point,

Essad Pasha,

Evacuation, Suvla Bay and Anzac; Cape Helles,

Feizi Bey, Ahmed,

Fisher, Admiral, plans for attack on Turkey; opposition to Gallipoli plan; acceptance of plan; relationship with Churchill; advocates army for Gallipoli; opposes new naval attack; resigns,

Fisher, Andrew,

Fitzmaurice,

French, Sir John,

Freyberg, Lt.-Commander Bernard (General Lord Freyberg, V.C.),

Gaba Tepe,

Gas, use of,

Gaulois,

Gechl, Lt.-Col.,

German Military Mission to Turkey,

Germany,

Ghazi Baba,

Giers, Russian Ambassador to Turkey,

Godfrey, Captain,

Godley, General,

Goeben (Yavus),

Golden Horn,

Goliath, H.M.S.,

Goltz, Field-Marshal von der,

Gouraud, General,

Greece,

Green Hill,

Grey, Sir Edward,

Guépratte, Admiral,

Gully Beach,

Gully Ravine,

Haidar Pasha,

Haig, Sir Douglas,

Haldane, Lord,

Hamidieh Fort,

Hamilton, General Sir Ian, appointed C.-in-C. Gallipoli expedition; arrives Dardanelles; supports plan for military landing; meetings with de Robeck; with Rupert Brooke; appearance, character and record; preparations for April 25 landing; handling of the attack; decision not to withdraw; fails to get reinforcements from Egypt; agrees to truce; living conditions on Arcadian; begs for ammunition; not known by the troops; plans Suvla landing; instructions to Stopford; security; failure to convince subordinates; watches invasion fleet leave; anxiety over Suvla landing; leaves for Suvla; interview with Stopford; replaces generals; asks for reinforcements from Egypt; promise of new army; postponed, reaction to first mention of evacuation; reputation diminishing; reputation with troops; Murdoch letter; dismissal; leaves Gallipoli; criticized by Royal Commission; later career; dies,

Hammersley, Major-General,

Hampshire,

Hankey, Colonel (Lord Hankey),

Harding, Field-Marshal Sir John,

Hellespont,

Henri IV,

Herbert, Alan,

Herbert, Aubrey,

Hersing, Lt.-Commander Otto,

Hill, Brig.-General,

Hill Q,

Hill,

Hill Ten,

Holbrooke, Lt. Norman,

Horne, General,

Hostages, sent to Gallipoli,

Hunter-Weston, General,

Imbros,

Inflexible, H.M.S.,

Ismail Oglu Tepe,

Ismid, Gulf of,

Irresistible, H.M.S.,

Jackson, Sir Henry,

Jed, H.M.S.,

Jellicoe, Admiral,

Joffre, General,

Jonquil, H.M.S.,

Kannengiesser, Colonel,

Kemal, Mustafa, comparison with Enver; early life and career; anti-German; attaché at Sofia; posted to Rodosto; commands division; reactions to April 25 landing; truce; row with Enver; his diary; prophecy of Suvla landing; one error; given command of Suvla battle; charge at Chunuk Bair; made Pasha; escaped death; ill and evacuated from peninsula; acclaimed ‘Saviour of Gallipoli’; said to have saved break-through at Gallipoli,

Kephez Point,

Keyes, Lt.-Commander Adrian,

Keyes, Roger, organizes minesweepers; attempts to salvage Irresistible; attitude on March; presses for naval attack; proposes new naval attack; tries to hurry Suvla landing; puts forward plan for new naval attack in October; versus Monro; command of Dover patrol; in 1925 steams through Dardanelles; serves as Director Combined Operations; 1945 dies,

Kilid Bahr,

Kiretch Tepe,

Kitchener, Lord, project for Greek landing on Gallipoli; plan to aid Russians; prestige in 1914 of; agrees to send troops to Gallipoli; appoints Hamilton; attitude to reinforcements; argument with Fisher; disappointment over Gallipoli; agrees to reinforce Gallipoli; replaces Stopford; agrees to support Joffre; raises question evacuation; dismisses Hamilton; supports Keyes’ naval plan; goes to Gallipoli; prestige sinking; cannot decide on evacuation; recommends evacuation; and leaves for London; prophesies no casualties in evacuation; drowned; efforts to displace him; reputation saved by his death,

Koe, Colonel,

Koja Chemen Tepe,

Krini,

Krithia,

Kum Kale,

Lala Baba,

Lancashire Landing,

Law, Bonar,

Lawson, Sir Harry,

Leander,

Lemnos,

Lloyd George,

Lone Pine,

Lord Nelson, H.M.S.,

Lossow, Col. von,

Lusitania, S.S.,

Lynden-Bell, Major-General,

Mackenzie, Compton,

MacMahon, Sir Henry,

Mahon, General,

Majestic, H.M.S.,

Maidos,

Mallet, Sir Louis,

Malone, Lt.-Col.,

Malta,

Mal Tepe,

Marmara, Sea of,

Masefield, John,

Matthews, Colonel,

Maude, General,

Maxwell, Sir John,

Mesopotamia,

Millington, Major Tasman,

Milner, Lord,

Minneapolis, S.S.,

Monash, Brig.-General John,

Monro, General Sir Charles, supersedes Hamilton; character; goes to Gallipoli; visits bridgeheads; recommends evacuation; appointed to Salonika; resists Keyes on issue of evacuation; quoted by Lord Milner; appointed to command in France; decorated; C.-in-C. India; congratulated by Royal Commission; dies,

Moore, Sir John,

Morgenthau, Henry,

Morto Bay,

Mount Athos,

Mudros,

Murdoch, Keith,

Murray, General Archibald,

Murray, Sir James Wolfe,

Mytilene,

Nagara,

Napier, Brig.-General,

Nasmith, Lieut.-Commander (Admiral Nasmith), V.C.,

Nevinson, Henry,

Nibrunesi Point,

Nicholson, Admiral,

Nicolson, Sir Harold,

Northcliffe, Lord,

Ocean, H.M.S.,

Oliver, Admiral,

Orkanie Mound,

Ottoman Empire,

Overton, Major,

Paris, Commander,

Phaeton, H.M.S.,

Phillimore, Captain,

Pola,

Pollard, Private,

Pollen, Lt.-Colonel,

Potrih, Lt.-Colonel,

Post,

Prince George, H.M.S.,

Queen Elizabeth, H.M.S.,

Quinn’s Post,

Rageot, Captain,

Raglan, H.M.S.,

Rawlinson, Sir Henry,

Raymond, Ernest,

Reed, Brig.-General,

Rhododendron Spur,

River Clyde, S.S.,

Robeck, Admiral de, wants to continue February 19 attack; leads February 25 attack; given command of Mediterranean Fleet; handling of March 18 attack; fears dismissal; urged to press on; conference with Hamilton; decides new landing impossible without army; character; photographed with Hamilton; dislikes asking for reinforcements; likes Hamilton’s plan; orders attack; joins discussion on withdrawal from Anzac; reports army in difficulties; consents to new naval attack; forbidden to attack; fêtes Boyle; transfers to Lord Nelson; then to Triad; orders retirement; sends Majestic to Helles; reaction to success of submarines; goes to Suvla in Chatham; urges Hamilton to come to Suvla; opposes new idea of naval assault; farewell to Hamilton; superseded by Wemyss; goes to England; advises Admiralty against Keyes’ plan; resumes control of Fleet; gives evidence before Royal Commission; dies,

Royal Commission on Dardanelles,

Rumania,

Russia, traditional enemy of Turkey; exports through Bosphorus; fear of German-Turkish alliance; proposed alliance with Turkey; trade blocked; asks Allied help against Turks; Enver plans to invade; fear of Greeks; agreement with Britain and France; Armenians in; bombards Bosphorus; weakens; in danger of signing separate peace; employs Enver; contact with Europe lost,

Sahinsirt,

Salonika,

Samson, Air Commodore,

Sanders, Liman von, character; criticizes Enver; confers with Talaat; thinks Allied landing in March could have succeeded; appointed to command forces at Dardanelles; relations with Enver; his plans for defence of Gallipoli; Allies’ plans to deceive him; reaction to news of April 25 landing; fails to see importance of Sari Bair; reacts to Hamilton’s plan; reorganizes his troops; says he planned attack on Anzac; letter to Hamilton asking for truce; comments on success of British submarines; criticizes inactivity of German Navy; mentions jealousy among Turks; warned of Suvla landing; deploys his troops in July; staves off dismissal; takes troops from Willmer; Suvla landing catches him off guard; Willmer begs him to hasten reinforcements; handling of Suvla battle; gives command to Kemal; booty at Anzac and Suvla; plans attack; turns on Cape Helles; attacks Helles; convinced British staying at Helles; booty at Helles; witness at trial of Telririam; last years and death; admits possibility defeat,

Sari Bair,

Sarikamish,

Saros, Gulf of,

Sarrail, General,

Sazlidere,

Scimitar Hill,

Sedd-el-Bahr,

Senoussi,

Serbia,

Shevket, Mahmad,

Skyros,

Slim, Field-Marshal Sir William,

Stamboul,

Stoker, Lt.-Commander,

Stopford, Lt.-Gen. Hon. Sir Frederick, appointed to command Suvla landing; career; likes Suvla plan; objections to plan; comments on by Mackenzie; leaves for invasion; sleeps on board Jonquil; takes no action; interview with Hamilton; reaction to defeat at Tekke Tepe; replaced by Byng; criticizes Hamilton and G.H.Q.; comments by Royal Commission on; dies,

Submarines, description E-class of; objectives; exploits of E, of E; underwater net; numbers engaged and successes,

Suffren,

Suvla Bay, landing planned; August 6 landing,

Swiftsure, H.M.S.,

Swing, Raymond Gram,

Talaat, dinner with Harold Nicolson; early life and personality; agrees to German alliance; prepares flee; on Armenians; flees to Germany; meets Herbert; assassinated,

Tekke Burnu,

Tekke Tepe,

Telririam, Solomon,

Tenedos,

Thursby, Rear-Admiral,

Triad, S.S.,

Triumph, H.M.S.,

Troy,

Truce, May,

Turquoise, S.S.,

U-boats,

Unwin, Commander, V.C.,

Usedom, Admiral,

Uzun Keupri,

Vassilaki,

Vengeance, H.M.S.,

Venizelos,

Walker, General,

Wangenheim, Baron von, German Ambassador in Constantinople; character and career; negotiates with Enver; offers replace warships; fears fall of Constantinople in March; confident in May; dies,

War Council (Dardanelles Committee, War Committee), meeting to discuss Gallipoli expedition; resolution; members; admirals silent at; renews discussion of Gallipoli; elated by news of naval attack; insists on military support for Navy; withdrawal of Queen Elizabeth; reconstructed; agrees to send more divisions to Gallipoli; decides to send a senior general there; discusses evacuation; sees Murdoch’s report; dismisses Hamilton; renamed; Churchill removed from,

Wear, H.M.S.,

Weber Pasha, closes Dardanelles,

Wehib Pasha,

Wemyss, Admiral,

White, Lt.-Colonel,

Wigram, Dr.,

Williams, A. B.,

Willmer, Major,

Wilson, Admiral,

Wilson, President,

Wire Gully,

Xeros, Gulf of,

Xerxes,

‘Y’ Beach,

Young Turks, deposed Sultan; struggle for survival; relationship with British Government; personalities; hatred of; described by T. E. Lawrence; plan to destroy Constantinople; security measures; massacre of Armenians; growing strength; overthrown,

Zeebrugge.